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433:) — along with the synchronization information needed to play back the various streams together. In most cases, the file header, most of the metadata and the synchro chunks are specified by the container format. For example, container formats exist for optimized, low-quality, internet video streaming which differs from high-quality Blu-ray streaming requirements.
436:
Container format parts have various names: "chunks" as in RIFF and PNG, "atoms" in QuickTime/MP4, "packets" in MPEG-TS (from the communications term), and "segments" in JPEG. The main content of a chunk is called the "data" or "payload". Most container formats have chunks in sequence, each with a
219:
to decode its contents. If the program doesn't have the required algorithm, it can't use the contained data. In these cases, programs usually emit an error message that complains of a missing codec, which users may be able to acquire.
424:
The container file is used to identify and interleave different data types. Simpler container formats can contain different types of audio formats, while more advanced container formats can support multiple audio and video streams,
239:
streams can be coded and decoded with many different algorithms, a container format may be used to provide the appearance of a single file format to users of multimedia playback software.
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Although containers may identify how data or metadata is encoded, they do not actually provide instructions about how to decode that data. A
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Other flexible containers can hold many types of audio and video, as well as other media. The most popular multi-media containers are:
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instead stores offsets. Modular chunks make it easy to recover other chunks in case of file corruption or dropped frames or
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694:(a.k.a. MPEG-TS) (standard container for digital broadcasting and for transportation over unreliable media; used also on
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Container formats can be made to wrap any kind of data. Though there are some examples of such file formats (e.g.
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Overhead. This is the difference in file-size between two files with the same content in a different container.
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396:– the format specifies the coding, though a MNG can contain both PNG-encoded images and JPEG-encoded images.
392:(JNG) puts JPEG encoded data in a PNG container; in both cases however, the different formats have different
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Support for advanced codec functionality. Older formats such as AVI do not support new codec features like
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762:, used for web-based media distribution on online platforms; container for royalty-free audio formats
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for identifying and further detailing those streams. Notable examples of container formats include
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video natively. The format may be "hacked" to add support, but this creates compatibility problems.
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files), most container formats are specialized for specific data requirements. For example, since
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In principle, coding can be changed while the storage layer is retained; for example,
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645:(MKV) (not limited to any coding format, as it can hold virtually anything; it is an
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498:(Flexible Image Transport System) still images, raw data, and associated metadata.
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Support for advanced content, such as chapters, subtitles, meta-tags, user-data.
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The differences between various container formats arise from five main issues:
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Handbook of
Digital Forensics of Multimedia Data and Devices, Enhanced E-Book
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and JPEG 2000 Part 12) which in turn was based on the QuickTime file format.
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multimedia portfolio, based on the ISO base media file format defined in
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281:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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video; typically contains multiple video and audio streams, and an
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This article is about a kind of computer file. For other uses, see
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388:(MNG) uses the PNG container format but provides animation, while
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the wrapper but not the coding, a number of file formats specify
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that allows multiple data streams to be embedded into a single
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504:(Tag Image File Format) still images and associated metadata.
684:
on reasonably reliable media such as disks; used also on
660:
which is defined in MPEG-4 Part 12 and JPEG 2000 Part 12
619:
video container format developed by
Microsoft based on
270:
215:
that can open a container must also use an appropriate
968:- Designed primarily for CCTV video formats and codecs
911:"What Are Container File Formats (Media Containers)?"
350:
In addition to pure container formats, which specify
160:) and formats used for multimedia playback (such as
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
938:"The Definitive Guide to Container File Formats"
786:There are many other container formats, such as
491:Other containers are exclusive to still images:
313:Popularity; how widely supported a container is.
629:(FLV, F4V) (container for video and audio from
2836:
987:
875:Ho, Anthony T. S.; Li, Shujun (20 May 2016).
639:(first platform-independent container format)
595:, which today usually do not use a container)
8:
966:Online Video File Format Identification Tool
708:(standard audio and video container for the
881:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 146–(?).
358:a storage layer and the coding, as part of
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2829:
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2095:
1495:
1025:
994:
980:
972:
680:(standard container for MPEG-1 and MPEG-2
577:(used by many mobile phones; based on the
297:Learn how and when to remove this message
196:The layouts of common container formats:
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
452:Some containers are exclusive to audio:
867:
615:("Microsoft Digital Video Recording",
429:, chapter-information, and meta-data (
834:Comparison of video container formats
420:Comparison of video container formats
7:
54:adding citations to reliable sources
744:(RealMedia; standard container for
2785:Comparison of audio coding formats
824:Comparison of audio coding formats
14:
21:container format (disambiguation)
936:Trattnig, Armin (14 June 2022).
463:file format, widely used on the
251:
132:(informally, sometimes called a
30:
386:Multiple-image Network Graphics
41:needs additional citations for
2347:ISO/IEC base media file format
1:
477:file format, widely used on
400:Multimedia container formats
371:JPEG File Interchange Format
178:Distinguished Encoding Rules
3510:Free software audio players
3402:Windows Media Player Legacy
3275:Windows Media Player (2022)
277:the claims made and adding
3591:
3575:Film and video terminology
2790:Comparison of video codecs
1300:(GB/T 33475.2,GY/T 299.1)
849:List of open-source codecs
829:Comparison of video codecs
658:ISO base media file format
656:file format, based on the
579:ISO base media file format
540:Computer Graphics Metafile
445:, while offsets result in
417:
403:
18:
3570:Film and video technology
3555:Digital container formats
3495:
3484:
3352:
3334:
3231:Microsoft Movies & TV
3175:
3162:
2871:
2858:
2803:
605:container, also based on
587:(container for Microsoft
487:(Extensible Music Format)
379:Portable Network Graphics
3520:Personal video recorders
3443:Core Pocket Media Player
722:(standard container for
700:electronic program guide
558:Scalable Vector Graphics
546:Portable Document Format
2614:Alliance for Open Media
692:MPEG-2 transport stream
534:Encapsulated PostScript
373:(JFIF), for containing
182:Interchange File Format
176:container formats were
3515:Portable media players
1534:MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3)
449:in cases of bit slip.
208:
172:). Among the earliest
3565:Lists of file formats
3550:Computer file formats
2852:Media player software
2552:QuickTime File Format
670:video container from
664:QuickTime File Format
404:Further information:
390:JPEG Network Graphics
369:Examples include the
364:forward compatibility
346:Single coding formats
195:
148:, usually along with
2885:Media Player Classic
2811:Compression software
2368:MPEG media transport
1445:Sorenson Video/Spark
50:improve this article
3381:JRiver Media Center
3086:Music Player Daemon
2809:for techniques and
2807:Compression methods
1303:HDR Vivid(GY/T 358)
678:MPEG program stream
3545:Computer standards
3393:TotalMedia Theatre
3254:InterActual Player
770:and video formats
682:elementary streams
410:Image file formats
262:possibly contains
209:
65:"Container format"
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3011:
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2817:
2592:
2591:
2510:DivX Media Format
2298:
2297:
2083:
2082:
1483:
1482:
1373:Microsoft Video 1
1308:AVS3 P2(GY/T 368)
1294:(GB/T 20090.2/16)
808:DivX Media Format
734:and video format
649:container format)
603:Microsoft Windows
529:Enhanced Metafile
514:), superseded by
414:Video file format
406:Audio file format
307:
306:
299:
264:original research
225:Microsoft Windows
126:
125:
118:
100:
3582:
3486:
3354:
3336:
3236:Microsoft Photos
3194:Dell MediaDirect
3177:
3164:
3023:
2935:Music on Console
2910:
2873:
2860:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2822:
2584:VOB, IFO and BUP
2358:Motion JPEG 2000
2309:
2096:
2055:aptX Low Latency
1832:Chinese Standard
1496:
1285:Chinese Standard
1057:Motion JPEG 2000
1026:
996:
989:
982:
973:
953:
952:
950:
948:
933:
927:
926:
924:
922:
907:
901:
900:
872:
564:Rich Text Format
525:Windows Metafile
302:
295:
291:
288:
282:
279:inline citations
255:
254:
247:
130:container format
121:
114:
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58:
34:
26:
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3491:
3472:
3429:
3406:
3348:
3322:
3279:
3171:
3146:
3110:
3008:
2981:Ogle DVD Player
2964:
2899:
2867:
2854:
2849:
2819:
2814:
2799:
2773:
2618:
2588:
2446:
2423:
2395:
2372:
2294:
2213:
2111:
2090:
2079:
1875:
1847:(GB/T 33475.3)
1841:(GB/T 20090.10)
1827:
1804:
1776:
1718:
1680:
1595:
1591:MPEG-H 3D Audio
1517:MPEG-1 Layer II
1507:
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889:
874:
873:
869:
864:
815:
552:Corel Draw File
510:PICT resource (
422:
416:
402:
381:(PNG) formats.
348:
339:streaming media
303:
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122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
16:Metafile format
12:
11:
5:
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3560:Computer files
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3453:Music (Xperia)
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3404:
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3371:Connect Player
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3285:Cross-platform
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3272:
3267:
3266:(discontinued)
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3256:
3251:
3246:
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3227:(discontinued)
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3206:(discontinued)
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3018:Cross-platform
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2798:
2797:
2795:List of codecs
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2597:Collaborations
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2363:MPEG-21 Part 9
2360:
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2352:MPEG-4 Part 14
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2321:
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1106:Part 2 / HEVC
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1094:Part 33 / IVC
1092:
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1089:Part 10 / AVC
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917:. 24 Jan 2024
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856:Serialization
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652:MJ2 - Motion
651:
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647:open standard
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631:Adobe Systems
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394:magic numbers
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260:This section
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180:and the 1985
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156:(such as the
155:
154:archive files
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70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
3204:Groove Music
2955:GNOME Videos
1861:(GB/T 22726)
1522:Multichannel
1378:MSU Lossless
1292:AVS1 P2/AVS+
1246:TrueMotion S
1184:H.265 / HEVC
1130:Part 1 / EVC
1118:Part 3 / VVC
1084:Part 2 / ASP
945:. Retrieved
941:
931:
919:. Retrieved
914:
905:
877:
870:
785:
696:Blu-ray Disc
569:
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287:January 2011
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103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
3448:doubleTwist
3345:proprietary
3293:DivX Player
3220:MediaMonkey
2890:MediaPortal
2579:MOD and TOD
2520:Flash Video
2458:3GP and 3G2
2139:HEIC / HEIF
2091:compression
1851:Audio Vivid
1586:MPEG-D USAC
1581:MPEG-4 CELP
1576:MPEG-4 HVXC
1491:compression
1323:Apple Video
1239:and AOMedia
1189:H.266 / VVC
1179:H.264 / AVC
1021:compression
1006:compression
758:(subset of
627:Flash Video
617:proprietary
337:Support of
142:file format
3539:Categories
3463:RealPlayer
3420:DVD Player
3376:DVD Player
3341:Commercial
3318:RealPlayer
3298:foobar2000
3199:GOM Player
3142:Clementine
3101:Quod Libet
2994:Guayadeque
2813:for codecs
2760:Daubechies
2735:Transforms
2637:Arithmetic
2304:Containers
2009:True Audio
1853:(GY/T 363)
1571:MPEG-4 DST
1566:MPEG-4 SLS
1561:MPEG-4 ALS
1435:SheerVideo
1409:QuickTime
1237:TrueMotion
1003:Multimedia
915:Cloudinary
862:References
672:Apple Inc.
666:(standard
566:file (RTF)
418:See also:
377:data, and
271:improve it
158:ZIP format
76:newspapers
3458:Musicolet
3366:CD Player
3313:QuickTime
3264:QuickTime
3259:PotPlayer
3249:MusikCube
3091:MusikCube
3038:Audacious
2950:Rhythmbox
2562:RealMedia
2164:JPEG 2000
1967:RealAudio
1947:OptimFROG
1425:RealVideo
1413:Animation
1383:OMS Video
1010:container
947:22 August
921:22 August
897:953319457
750:RealAudio
746:RealVideo
686:DVD-Video
668:QuickTime
654:JPEG 2000
508:Macintosh
481:platform)
467:platform)
427:subtitles
327:audio or
275:verifying
106:June 2017
3386:PowerDVD
3244:MusicBee
3225:Media Go
3215:KMPlayer
3210:jetAudio
3169:Freeware
3132:Songbird
3115:inactive
3080:SMPlayer
3043:DeaDBeeF
2999:Baudline
2969:inactive
2930:Kaffeine
2681:Lossless
2647:Modified
2540:Matroska
2419:Matroska
2330:MPEG-PES
1942:Musepack
1839:AVS1 P10
1418:Graphics
1368:Lagarith
942:Bitmovin
813:See also
760:Matroska
724:Xiph.org
643:Matroska
520:Mac OS X
443:bit slip
321:B-frames
202:Matroska
162:Matroska
150:metadata
138:metafile
3391:ArcSoft
3358:Windows
3240:Mod4Win
3181:Windows
3122:Banshee
3068:MPlayer
2895:Mpxplay
2877:Windows
2755:Wavelet
2696:DEFLATE
2642:Huffman
2632:Entropy
2624:Methods
2609:MPEG LA
2498:Smacker
2386:H.222.0
2342:MPEG-TS
2337:MPEG-PS
2325:MPEG-ES
2209:TIFF/IT
2204:TIFF/EP
2189:JPEG XT
2184:JPEG XS
2179:JPEG XR
2174:JPEG XL
2169:JPEG-LS
2050:aptX HD
2030:WavPack
1972:RTAudio
1912:Codec 2
1845:AVS2 P3
1772:GSM-EFR
1742:AMR-WB+
1676:G.729.1
1656:G.723.1
1646:G.722.2
1641:G.722.1
1440:Smacker
1430:RTVideo
1358:Huffyuv
1338:Cinepak
1298:AVS2 P2
1012:formats
802:, SVI,
479:Windows
269:Please
213:program
134:wrapper
90:scholar
3468:Winamp
3435:Mobile
3397:WinDVD
3303:iTunes
3270:Winamp
3063:Mpg123
3053:ffplay
3048:Exaile
3033:Amarok
3026:active
2945:Parole
2913:active
2557:RatDVD
2451:Others
2218:Others
2020:VMR-WB
2015:TwinVQ
1880:Others
1767:GSM-FR
1762:GSM-HR
1752:EVRC-B
1737:AMR-WB
1709:Vorbis
1549:AAC-LD
1544:HE-AAC
1450:Theora
1393:ProRes
1388:Pixlet
1316:Others
1125:MPEG-5
1113:MPEG-I
1101:MPEG-H
1079:MPEG-4
1072:Part 2
1067:MPEG-2
1062:MPEG-1
895:
885:
800:ratDVD
764:Vorbis
736:Theora
728:Vorbis
710:MPEG-4
688:discs)
613:DVR-MS
412:, and
188:Design
168:, and
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
3490:Lists
3412:macOS
3004:Helix
2990:XMMS2
2976:Muine
2940:Noise
2905:Linux
2778:Lists
2723:ADPCM
2718:µ-law
2713:A-law
2686:Lossy
2659:ACELP
2604:NETVC
2429:SMPTE
2391:T.802
2378:ITU-T
2354:(MP4)
2154:JBIG2
2117:ITU-T
2089:Image
2025:VSELP
2002:SVOPC
1992:Siren
1962:RCELP
1957:QCELP
1902:ATRAC
1887:ACELP
1704:Speex
1671:G.729
1666:G.728
1661:G.726
1651:G.723
1636:G.722
1631:G.719
1626:G.718
1619:µ-law
1614:A-law
1609:G.711
1601:ITU-T
1489:Audio
1363:Indeo
1343:Daala
1199:SMPTE
1174:H.263
1169:H.262
1164:H.261
1159:H.120
1147:ITU-T
1052:MJPEG
1019:Video
560:(SVG)
554:(CDR)
548:(PDF)
542:(CGM)
536:(EPS)
465:macOS
237:video
233:audio
217:codec
140:is a
136:) or
97:JSTOR
83:books
3425:Peel
3308:Plex
3189:AIMP
3137:Zinf
3127:Miro
3096:qmmp
3076:IINA
3058:Kodi
2986:XMMS
2960:Xine
2920:cmus
2805:See
2750:MDCT
2728:DPCM
2674:WLPC
2664:CELP
2567:RIFF
2545:WebM
2535:M2TS
2525:HEIF
2493:Bink
2473:AIFF
2401:IETF
2290:WebP
2285:WBMP
2280:QTVR
2260:ICER
2255:FLIF
2245:DjVu
2235:AVIF
2225:APNG
2199:TIFF
2159:JPEG
2149:JBIG
2144:HEVC
2121:JPEG
2108:IETF
2075:LLAC
2070:LHDC
2065:LDAC
2045:aptX
2006:TTA
1987:SILK
1927:MELP
1922:Lyra
1917:iSAC
1907:CELT
1897:Asao
1892:ALAC
1870:ExAC
1865:L2HC
1795:AC-4
1790:AC-3
1782:ETSI
1747:EVRC
1724:3GPP
1714:FLAC
1699:iLBC
1694:Opus
1686:IETF
1509:MPEG
1475:YULS
1455:Thor
1403:4444
1353:FFV1
1333:Bink
1227:VC-6
1222:VC-5
1217:VC-3
1212:VC-2
1207:VC-1
1151:VCEG
1039:MPEG
1008:and
949:2024
923:2024
893:OCLC
883:ISBN
806:and
768:Opus
756:WebM
748:and
732:Opus
730:and
607:RIFF
591:and
512:PICT
502:TIFF
496:FITS
475:RIFF
457:AIFF
439:TIFF
431:tags
375:JPEG
362:and
356:both
352:only
235:and
204:and
146:file
69:news
3106:VLC
3072:mpv
2925:JuK
2765:DWT
2745:FFT
2740:DCT
2708:PCM
2701:LZW
2669:LSP
2654:LPC
2572:WAV
2530:IFF
2515:EVO
2505:BMP
2488:BPG
2478:AVI
2468:ASF
2463:AMV
2442:MXF
2437:GXF
2414:Ogg
2409:RTP
2317:IEC
2313:ISO
2275:QOI
2270:PGF
2265:MNG
2250:EXR
2240:BPG
2230:AV1
2194:PNG
2134:GIF
2113:W3C
2104:ISO
2100:IEC
2040:MQA
2035:WMA
1997:SMV
1982:SHN
1977:SD2
1952:OSQ
1937:MT9
1859:DRA
1823:LC3
1818:SBC
1800:DTS
1757:EVS
1732:AMR
1539:AAC
1504:IEC
1500:ISO
1470:XEB
1465:WMV
1398:422
1348:DVI
1328:AVS
1276:AV1
1271:VP9
1266:VP8
1261:VP7
1256:VP6
1251:VP3
1034:IEC
1030:ISO
804:VOB
796:GXF
792:MXF
788:NUT
780:AV1
776:VP9
772:VP8
720:Ogg
706:MP4
637:IFF
621:ASF
599:AVI
593:WMV
589:WMA
585:ASF
575:3GP
518:in
516:PDF
485:XMF
471:WAV
461:IFF
329:VFR
325:VBR
273:by
229:DLL
227:'s
206:PDF
198:AVI
170:AVI
166:MP4
52:by
3541::
3078:,
2691:LZ
2483:AU
2315:,
2119:,
2115:,
2110:,
2106:,
2102:,
1502:,
1460:Ut
1149:,
1047:DV
1036:,
1032:,
940:.
913:.
891:.
798:,
794:,
790:,
742:RM
408:,
366:.
323:,
200:,
184:.
164:,
128:A
3347:)
3343:(
3082:)
3074:(
3070:/
2844:e
2837:t
2830:v
1506:,
995:e
988:t
981:v
951:.
925:.
899:.
782:)
778:/
774:/
766:/
752:)
738:)
702:)
674:)
633:)
623:)
609:)
581:)
473:(
459:(
341:.
300:)
294:(
289:)
285:(
267:.
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
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