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Continuum (topology)

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979: 762: 1000: 968: 1037: 1010: 990: 350: 1040: 644:, M. Barge and J. Kennedy, in Open Problems in Topology, J. van Mill and G.M. Reed (Editors) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (North-Holland), 1990. 641: 674: 1028: 1023: 618: 419:
are among the simplest examples of indecomposable homogeneous continua. They are neither arcwise connected nor locally connected.
1018: 322:-axis. It is a one-dimensional continuum that is not arcwise connected, and it is locally disconnected at the points along the 920: 430:, is a one-dimensional planar Peano continuum that contains a homeomorphic image of any one-dimensional planar continuum. 928: 592: 334: 295: 1061: 999: 727: 183: 1013: 948: 943: 869: 746: 734: 707: 667: 416: 790: 717: 206: 31: 978: 938: 890: 864: 989: 785: 983: 933: 854: 844: 722: 702: 342: 953: 971: 837: 795: 660: 614: 423: 288: 186:
is a continuum that cannot be represented as the union of two proper subcontinua. A continuum
176: 402:-dimensional homogeneous continuum that is not contractible, and therefore different from an 751: 697: 582: 42: 810: 805: 370: 337:
by an arc connecting (0,−1) and (1,sin(1)). It is a one-dimensional continuum whose
232: 111: 63: 56: 900: 832: 529: 338: 287:. An arc is the simplest and most familiar type of a continuum. It is one-dimensional, 1055: 910: 820: 800: 587: 564: 330: 53: 1003: 895: 815: 761: 410: 228: 59: 38: 993: 905: 17: 849: 780: 739: 434: 874: 446:
There are two fundamental techniques for constructing continua, by means of
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is a subset of the plane that is the union of the graph of the function
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A nonempty compact connected metric space in point-set topology
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is a homogeneous hereditarily indecomposable planar continuum.
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A finite or countable product of continua is a continuum.
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A continuum that contains more than one point is called
376:. It is contractible and is the simplest example of an 919: 883: 769: 690: 209:. A one-dimensional continuum is often called a 110:. A space homeomorphic to a subcontinuum of the 613:. Pure and Applied Mathematics, Marcel Dekker. 668: 8: 398:+ 1)-dimensional Euclidean space. It is an 62:, or, less frequently, a compact connected 1036: 1009: 675: 661: 653: 642:Continuum Theory and Topological Dynamics 488:, then their intersection is a continuum. 390:is a space homeomorphic to the standard 469:} is a nested family of continua, i.e. 515:)} is an inverse sequence of continua 365:is a space homeomorphic to the closed 413:is an infinite-dimensional continuum. 7: 102:itself is a continuum is called a 74:devoted to the study of continua. 25: 632:Open problems in continuum theory 611:Continuum theory. An introduction 341:are all trivial, but it is not a 205:of a continuum usually means its 1035: 1008: 998: 988: 977: 967: 966: 760: 333:is obtained by "closing up" the 314:≤ 1 with the segment −1 ≤ 144:, there exists a homeomorphism 1: 637:Examples in continuum theory 192:hereditarily indecomposable 1078: 929:Banach fixed-point theorem 593:Shape theory (mathematics) 428:Sierpinski universal curve 49:(plural: "continua") is a 29: 962: 758: 194:if every subcontinuum of 291:, and locally connected. 184:indecomposable continuum 132:if for every two points 30:Not to be confused with 380:-dimensional continuum. 335:topologist's sine curve 296:topologist's sine curve 243:is a homeomorphism and 175:is a continuum that is 984:Mathematics portal 884:Metrics and properties 870:Second-countable space 354: 352: 275:; one also says that 207:topological dimension 32:Continuity (topology) 939:Invariance of domain 891:Euler characteristic 865:Bundle (mathematics) 448:nested intersections 426:, also known as the 949:Tychonoff's theorem 944:Poincaré conjecture 698:General (point-set) 609:Sam B. Nadler, Jr, 934:De Rham cohomology 855:Polyhedral complex 845:Simplicial complex 355: 343:contractible space 198:is indecomposable. 43:point-set topology 1049: 1048: 838:fundamental group 526:coordinate spaces 424:Sierpinski carpet 289:arcwise connected 177:locally connected 70:is the branch of 16:(Redirected from 1069: 1062:Continuum theory 1039: 1038: 1012: 1011: 1002: 992: 982: 981: 970: 969: 764: 677: 670: 663: 654: 583:Linear continuum 528:, together with 119:planar continuum 68:Continuum theory 21: 18:Continuum theory 1077: 1076: 1072: 1071: 1070: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1052: 1051: 1050: 1045: 976: 958: 954:Urysohn's lemma 915: 879: 765: 756: 728:low-dimensional 686: 681: 628: 606: 601: 579: 567:is a continuum. 558: 549: 539: 530:continuous maps 523: 514: 505: 487: 477: 468: 444: 371:Euclidean space 339:homotopy groups 279:is an arc from 267:are called the 233:closed interval 220: 173:Peano continuum 112:Euclidean plane 94:of a continuum 80: 64:Hausdorff space 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1075: 1073: 1065: 1064: 1054: 1053: 1047: 1046: 1044: 1043: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1006: 996: 986: 974: 963: 960: 959: 957: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 925: 923: 917: 916: 914: 913: 908: 903: 901:Winding number 898: 893: 887: 885: 881: 880: 878: 877: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 841: 840: 835: 833:homotopy group 825: 824: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 793: 788: 783: 773: 771: 767: 766: 759: 757: 755: 754: 749: 744: 743: 742: 732: 731: 730: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 694: 692: 688: 687: 682: 680: 679: 672: 665: 657: 651: 650: 648:Hyperspacewiki 645: 639: 634: 627: 626:External links 624: 623: 622: 605: 602: 600: 597: 596: 595: 590: 585: 578: 575: 571: 570: 569: 568: 554: 544: 535: 519: 510: 501: 492: 491: 490: 489: 482: 473: 464: 452:inverse limits 443: 440: 439: 438: 431: 420: 414: 407: 381: 347: 346: 327: 292: 219: 216: 215: 214: 199: 180: 179:at each point. 169: 122: 88: 79: 76: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1074: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1057: 1042: 1034: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 995: 991: 987: 985: 980: 975: 973: 965: 964: 961: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 926: 924: 922: 918: 912: 911:Orientability 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 888: 886: 882: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 839: 836: 834: 831: 830: 829: 826: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 798: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 778: 775: 774: 772: 768: 763: 753: 750: 748: 747:Set-theoretic 745: 741: 738: 737: 736: 733: 729: 726: 725: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 708:Combinatorial 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 695: 693: 689: 685: 678: 673: 671: 666: 664: 659: 658: 655: 649: 646: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 629: 625: 620: 619:0-8247-8659-9 616: 612: 608: 607: 603: 598: 594: 591: 589: 588:Menger sponge 586: 584: 581: 580: 576: 574: 566: 565:inverse limit 562: 559:, called the 557: 553: 547: 543: 538: 534: 531: 527: 524:, called the 522: 518: 513: 509: 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311: 307: 303: 299: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 229:homeomorphic 224: 210: 202: 195: 191: 187: 172: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 124:A continuum 118: 117:is called a 114: 107: 104:subcontinuum 103: 99: 95: 91: 84: 67: 60:metric space 46: 39:mathematical 36: 1004:Wikiversity 921:Key results 563:, then its 318:≤ 1 of the 227:is a space 130:homogeneous 78:Definitions 850:CW complex 791:Continuity 781:Closed set 740:cohomology 599:References 442:Properties 435:pseudo-arc 310:), 0 < 306:) = sin(1/ 156:such that 98:such that 1029:geometric 1024:algebraic 875:Cobordism 811:Hausdorff 806:connected 723:Geometric 713:Continuum 703:Algebraic 417:Solenoids 269:endpoints 203:dimension 90:A subset 57:connected 47:continuum 41:field of 1056:Category 994:Wikibook 972:Category 860:Manifold 828:Homotopy 786:Interior 777:Open set 735:Homology 684:Topology 577:See also 394:in the ( 392:n-sphere 218:Examples 72:topology 51:nonempty 1019:general 821:uniform 801:compact 752:Digital 604:Sources 388:-sphere 369:in the 231:to the 54:compact 37:In the 1014:Topics 816:metric 691:Fields 617:  406:-cell. 326:-axis. 255:(1) = 247:(0) = 796:Space 497:If {( 363:-cell 259:then 239:: → 235:. If 211:curve 615:ISBN 460:If { 450:and 433:The 422:The 409:The 367:ball 329:The 294:The 263:and 251:and 201:The 164:) = 136:and 45:, a 383:An 358:An 283:to 271:of 225:arc 223:An 190:is 182:An 140:in 128:is 106:of 1058:: 550:→ 548:+1 540:: 506:, 486:+1 478:⊇ 454:. 171:A 152:→ 148:: 66:. 676:e 669:t 662:v 621:. 556:n 552:X 546:n 542:X 537:n 533:f 521:n 517:X 512:n 508:f 503:n 499:X 484:n 480:X 475:n 471:X 466:n 462:X 404:n 400:n 396:n 386:n 378:n 374:R 361:n 345:. 324:y 320:y 316:y 312:x 308:x 304:x 302:( 300:f 285:q 281:p 277:X 273:X 265:q 261:p 257:q 253:h 249:p 245:h 241:X 237:h 213:. 196:X 188:X 168:. 166:y 162:x 160:( 158:h 154:X 150:X 146:h 142:X 138:y 134:x 126:X 121:. 115:R 108:X 100:A 96:X 92:A 87:. 34:. 20:)

Index

Continuum theory
Continuity (topology)
mathematical
point-set topology
nonempty
compact
connected
metric space
Hausdorff space
topology
Euclidean plane
locally connected
indecomposable continuum
topological dimension
homeomorphic
closed interval
arcwise connected
topologist's sine curve
Warsaw circle
topologist's sine curve
homotopy groups
contractible space

ball
Euclidean space
n-sphere
Hilbert cube
Solenoids
Sierpinski carpet
pseudo-arc

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