Contract bridge - Knowledge (XXG)

524:, meaning that there will be no trump suit). Players take turns to call in a clockwise order: each player in turn either passes, doubles – which increases the penalties for not making the contract specified by the opposing partnership's last bid, but also increases the reward for making it – or redoubles, or states a contract that their partnership will adopt, which must be higher than the previous highest bid (if any). Eventually, the player who bid the highest contract – which is determined by the contract's level as well as the trump suit or no trump – wins the contract for their partnership. 1128:" are frequently used, as noted above. These avoid the possibility of players at other tables hearing any spoken bids. The bidding cards are laid out in sequence as the auction progresses. Although it is not a formal rule, many clubs adopt a protocol that the bidding cards stay revealed until the first playing card is tabled, after which point the bidding cards are put away. Bidding pads are an alternative to bidding boxes. A bidding pad is a block of 100mm square tear-off sheets. Players write their bids on the top sheet. When the first trick is complete the sheet is torn off and discarded. 275: 1217:(artificial). A natural call carries a meaning that reflects the call; a natural bid intuitively showing hand or suit strength based on the level or suit of the bid, and a natural double expressing that the player believes that the opposing partnership will not make their contract. By contrast, a conventional (artificial) call offers and/or asks for information by means of pre-agreed coded interpretations, in which some calls convey very specific information or requests that are not part of the natural meaning of the call. Thus in response to 4NT, a 'natural' bid of 5 816:, stating that their side will win a specific number of the remaining tricks. The claiming player lays his cards down on the table and explains the order in which he intends to play the remaining cards. The opponents can either accept the claim and the round is scored accordingly, or dispute the claim. If the claim is disputed, play continues with the claiming player's cards face up in rubber games, or in duplicate games, play ceases and the tournament director is called to adjudicate the hand. 387: 469: 845:, or tricks bid and made in excess of six. In both rubber and duplicate bridge, the declaring side is awarded 20 points per odd trick for a contract in clubs or diamonds, and 30 points per odd trick for a contract in hearts or spades. For a contract in notrump, the declaring side is awarded 40 points for the first odd trick and 30 points for the remaining odd tricks. Contract points are doubled or quadrupled if the contract is respectively doubled or redoubled. 615:

the player to the left of the dealer, before dealing. Players take turns to deal, in clockwise order. The dealer deals the cards clockwise, one card at a time. Normally, rubber bridge is played with two packs of cards and whilst one pack is being dealt, the dealer's partner shuffles the other pack. After shuffling the pack is placed on the right ready for the next dealer. Before dealing, the next dealer passes the cards to the previous dealer who cuts them.

1068:, or more exactly, a tactical game with inbuilt randomness, imperfect knowledge and restricted communication. The chance element is in the deal of the cards; in duplicate bridge some of the chance element is eliminated by comparing results of multiple pairs in identical situations. This is achievable when there are eight or more players, sitting at two or more tables, and the deals from each table are preserved and passed to the next table, thereby 493:

a deal with a trump suit, cards of that suit are superior in rank to any of the cards of any other suit. If one or more players plays a trump to a trick when void in the suit led, the highest trump wins. For example, if the trump suit is spades and a player is void in the suit led and plays a spade card, they win the trick if no other player plays a higher spade. If a trump suit is led, the usual rule for trick-taking applies.

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required to follow suit if possible. Tricks are won by the highest trump, or if there were none played, the highest card of the led suit. The player who won the previous trick leads to the next trick. The declarer has control of the dummy's cards and tells his partner which card to play at dummy's turn. There also exist conventions that communicate further information between defenders about their hands during the play.

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redoubled, the declaring side receives 200 and 400 points respectively. Additional bonus points may apply depending on the variation played; for example, in duplicate bridge, the declaring side is awarded a game bonus for having won 100 or more contract points, which is 500 if vulnerable, for a total of 600 points (500 + 100), or 300 if not vulnerable, for a total of 400 points (300 + 100).

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utility, because the information it conveys is not valuable or because the desire to convey that information arises only rarely. The conventional meaning conveys more useful (or more frequently useful) information. There are a very large number of conventions from which players can choose; many books have been written detailing bidding conventions. Well-known conventions include

1190:(optional customizations incorporated into the main system for handling specific bidding situations) which are pre-chosen between the partners prior to play. The line between a well-known convention and a part of a system is not always clear-cut: some bidding systems include specified conventions by default. Bidding systems can be divided into mainly natural systems such as 234:, specifying how many tricks the partnership receiving the contract (the declaring side) needs to take to receive points for the deal. During the auction, partners use their bids to exchange information about their hands, including overall strength and distribution of the suits; no other means of conveying or implying any information is permitted. The cards are then 576: 1738:

surface meaning into the bidding. Alternatively, many partnerships play this same bidding sequence as "Crawling Stayman" by which the responder shows a weak hand (less than eight high card points) with shortness in diamonds but at least four hearts and four spades; the opening bidder may correct to spades if that appears to be the better contract.

1088:, although they were not found eligible for the main Olympic program. In October 2017 the British High Court ruled against the English Bridge Union, finding that Bridge is not a sport under a definition of sport as involving physical activity, but did not rule on the "broad, somewhat philosophical question" as to whether or not bridge is a sport. 1113: 1251:

share, and they also consume substantial bidding space which prevents a possibly strong opposing pair from exchanging information on their cards. Several systems include the use of opening bids or other early bids with weak hands including long (usually six to eight card) suits at the 2, 3 or even 4 or 5 levels as preempts.

764:(the denomination), provided that it is higher than the last bid by any player, including their partner. All bids promise to take a number of tricks in excess of six, so a bid must be between one (seven tricks) and seven (thirteen tricks). A bid is higher than another bid if either the level is greater (e.g., 2 2167:) they will play the higher one first. West plays the card face down, to give their partner and the declarer (but not dummy) a chance to ask any last questions about the bidding or to object if they believe West is not the correct hand to lead. After that, North's cards are laid on the table and North becomes 531:; the auction concludes when there have been three successive passes. Note that six tricks are added to contract values, so the six-level contract is a contract of twelve tricks. In practice, establishing a contract without enough information on the other partner's hand is difficult, so there exist many 1326:

even if they have the bulk of the points. This hand is nearly valueless unless spades are trumps but it contains good enough spades that the penalty for being set should not be higher than the value of an opponent game. The high card weakness makes it likely that the opponents have enough strength to

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Much of the complexity in bridge arises from the difficulty of arriving at a good final contract in the auction (or deciding to let the opponents declare the contract). This is a difficult problem: the two players in a partnership must try to communicate enough information about their hands to arrive

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was developed, in which the players bid in a competitive auction to decide the contract and declarer. The object became to make at least as many tricks as were contracted for, and penalties were introduced for failing to do so. Auction bridge bidding beyond winning the auction is pointless. If taking

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Every call (including "pass", also sometimes called "no bid") serves two purposes. It confirms or passes some information to a partner, and, by implication, denies any other kind of hand which would have tended to support an alternative call. For example, a bid of 2NT immediately after partner's 1NT

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points wins the rubber. Duplicate bridge is scored comparatively, meaning that the score for the hand is compared to other tables playing the same cards and match points are scored according to the comparative results: usually either "matchpoint scoring", where each partnership receives 2 points (or

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Overtricks score the same number of points per odd trick, although their doubled and redoubled values differ. Bonuses vary between the two bridge variations both in score and in type (for example, rubber bridge awards a bonus for holding a certain combination of high cards), although some are common

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The dealer opens the auction and can make the first call, and the auction proceeds clockwise. When it is their turn to call, a player may pass – but can enter into the bidding later – or bid a contract, specifying the level of their contract and either the trump suit or

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In rubber bridge each player draws a card at the start of the game; the player who draws the highest card deals first. The second highest card becomes the dealer's partner and takes the chair on the opposite side of the table. They play against the other two. The deck is shuffled and cut, usually by

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is assigned to each seat, so that one partnership sits in North and South, while the other sits in West and East. The cards may be freshly dealt or, in duplicate bridge games, pre-dealt. All that is needed in basic games are the cards and a method of keeping score, but there is often other equipment

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The player who played the highest-ranked card wins the trick. Within a suit, the ace is ranked highest followed by the king, queen and jack and then the ten through to the two. In a deal where the auction has determined that there is no trump suit, the trick must be won by a card of the suit led. In

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and others. The most significant change was that only the tricks contracted for were scored below the line toward game or a slam bonus, a change that resulted in bidding becoming much more challenging and interesting. Also new was the concept of "vulnerability", making sacrifices to protect the lead

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Strong bridge playing programs such as Jack Bridge (World Champion in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2015) and Wbridge5 (World Champion in 2005, 2007, 2008, 2016, 2017 and 2018), probably rank among the top few thousand human pairs worldwide. A series of articles published

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In natural systems, a 1NT opening bid usually reflects a hand that has a relatively balanced shape (usually between two and four (or less often five) cards in each suit) and a sharply limited number of high card points, usually somewhere between 12 and 18 – the most common ranges use a span of

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as the basic evaluation of the strength of a hand, refining this by reference to shape and distribution if appropriate. In the most commonly used point count system, aces are counted as 4 points, kings as 3, queens as 2, and jacks as 1 point; therefore, the deck contains 40 points. In addition, the

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refers to a high-level tactical bid by a weak hand, relying upon a very long suit rather than high cards for tricks. Preemptive bids serve a double purpose – they allow players to indicate they are bidding on the basis of a long suit in an otherwise weak hand, which is important information to

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them for the other table(s) of players. At the end of a session, the scores for each deal are compared, and the most points are awarded to the players doing the best with each particular deal. This measures relative skill (but still with an element of luck) because each pair or team is being judged

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In rubber bridge, a partnership wins one game once it has accumulated 100 contract points; excess contract points do not carry over to the next game. A partnership that wins two games wins the rubber, receiving a bonus of 500 points if the opponents have won a game, and 700 points if they have not.

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starts when a player leads (i.e., plays the first card). The leader to the first trick is determined by the auction; the leader to each subsequent trick is the player who won the preceding trick. Each player, in clockwise order, plays one card on the trick. Players must play a card of the same suit

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denied a four card major, and with at least five hearts, a Stayman bid must have been justified by having exactly four spades, the other major (since Stayman (as used by this partnership) is not useful with anything except a four card major suit). Thus an astute partner can read much more than the

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Count signals cover the situation when a defender is following suit (usually to a suit that the declarer has led). In such circumstances the order in which a defender plays his spot cards will indicate whether an even or odd number of cards was originally held in that suit. This can help the other

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opening bid for all or almost all strong hands (but sets the threshold for "strong" rather lower than most other systems – usually 16 high card points) and may include other artificial calls to handle other situations (but it may contain natural calls as well). Many experts today use a system

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cover the situation when it is critical to show length in a side suit and it will be too late if defenders wait until that suit is played. Then, the play in the first declarer played suit is a count signal regarding the critical suit and not the trump suit itself. In fact, any signal made about a

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indicate how cards played within a suit are chosen – for example, playing a noticeably high card when this is unexpected can signal encouragement to continue playing the suit, and a low card can signal discouragement and a desire for partner to choose some other suit. (Some partnerships use

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A larger bonus is awarded if the declaring side makes a small slam or grand slam, a contract of 12 or 13 tricks respectively. If the declaring side is not vulnerable, a small slam gets 500 points, and a grand slam 1000 points. If the declaring side is vulnerable, a small slam is 750 points and a

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The player from the declaring side who first bid the denomination named in the final contract becomes declarer. The player left to the declarer leads to the first trick. Dummy then lays his or her cards face-up on the table, organized in columns by suit. Play proceeds clockwise, with each player

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If the declaring side makes a contract of 3NT and takes exactly nine tricks, fulfilling the contract (6 + 3), they receive 40 points for the first odd trick, and 60 (30 × 2) points for the remaining odd tricks, adding up to 100 contract points. If the contract was doubled or

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Since a partnership that has freedom to bid gradually at leisure can exchange more information, and since a partnership that can interfere with the opponents' bidding (as by raising the bidding level rapidly) can cause difficulties for their opponents, bidding systems are both informational and

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In addition to the basic rules of play, there are many additional rules covering playing conditions and the rectification of irregularities, which are primarily for use by tournament directors who act as referees and have overall control of procedures during competitions. But various details of

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Conventions are valuable in bridge because of the need to pass information beyond a simple like or dislike of a particular suit, and because the limited bidding space can be used more efficiently by adopting a conventional (artificial) meaning for a given call where a natural meaning has less

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OKbridge is the oldest extant internet bridge service: it was established as a commercial enterprise in 1994, but the program started to be used interactively in August 1990 by players of all standards. OKbridge is a subscription-based club, with services such as customer support and ethics

796:, which increases the penalties and rewards further. Players may not see their partner's hand during the auction, only their own. There exist many bidding conventions that assign agreed meanings to various calls to assist players in reaching an optimal contract (or obstruct the opponents). 2577:

In face-to-face games, a convenient table size is 32 to 40 inches (80 to 100 cm) square or a similarly-sized round table allowing each player to reach to the center of the table during the play of the cards. In online computer play, players from anywhere in the world sit at a virtual

2171:, as both the North and South hands will be controlled by the declarer. West turns the lead card face up, and the declarer studies the two hands to make a plan for the play. On this hand, the trump ace, a spade, and a diamond trick must be lost, so declarer must not lose a trick in clubs. 555:, and their goal is to stop the declarer from fulfilling his contract. Once all the cards have been played, the hand is scored: if the declaring side makes their contract, they receive points based on the level of the contract, with some trump suits being worth more points than others and 2322:

was a bad contract on this hand. The contract depends on the club finesse working, or a defense error. The bonus points awarded for making a game contract far outweigh the penalty for going one off, so it is best strategy in the long run to bid game contracts such as this one.

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at a makeable contract, but the information they can exchange is restricted – information may be passed only by the calls made and later by the cards played, not by other means; in addition, the agreed-upon meaning of each call and play must be available to the opponents.

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North-South score the required 10 tricks, and their opponents take the remaining three. The contract is fulfilled, and North enters the pair numbers, the contract, and the score of +420 for the winning side (North is in charge of bookkeeping in duplicate tournaments) on the

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the opponents' bid, increasing the penalties for undertricks, but also increasing the reward for making the contract. Doubling does not carry to future bids by the opponents unless future bids are doubled again. A player on the opposing partnership being doubled may also

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The auction ends when, after a player bids, doubles, or redoubles, every other player has passed, in which case the action proceeds to the play; or every player has passed and no bid has been made, in which case the round is considered to be "passed out" and not played.

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K is held by West, South will find it very hard to prevent it from making a trick (unless West leads a club). There is an almost equal chance that it is held by East, in which case it can be trapped against the ace, and will be beaten, using a tactic known as a

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The basic premise of duplicate bridge had previously been used for whist matches as early as 1857. Initially, bridge was not thought to be suitable for duplicate competition; it was not until the 1920s that (auction) bridge tournaments became popular.

1241:(a request by (usually) the weak hand for the partner to bid a particular suit first, and therefore to become the declarer), and the Blackwood convention (to ask for information on the number of aces and kings held, used in slam bidding situations). 1769:

playing for the opponents' high cards to be in a particular position (if their ace is to the right of your king, your king may be able to take a trick, especially if, when that suit is led, the player to your right has to play their card before you

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Opening bids of three or higher are preemptive bids, i.e., bids made with weak hands that especially favor a particular suit, opened at a high level in order to define the hand's value quickly and to frustrate the opposition. For example, a hand of

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cover the situation when a defender cannot follow suit and therefore has free choice what card to play or throw away. In such circumstances the thrown-away card can be used to indicate some aspect of the hand, or a desire for a specific suit to be

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As a rule, a natural suit bid indicates a holding of at least four (or more, depending on the situation and the system) cards in that suit as an opening bid, or a lesser number when supporting partner; a natural NT bid indicates a balanced hand.

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In 1925 when contract bridge first evolved, bridge tournaments were becoming popular, but the rules were somewhat in flux, and several different organizing bodies were involved in tournament sponsorship: the American Bridge League (formerly the

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were adjusted to produce a more balanced and interesting game. Vanderbilt set out his rules in 1925, and within a few years contract bridge had so supplanted other forms of the game that "bridge" became synonymous with "contract bridge".

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not only shows a balanced hand of a certain point range, but also almost always denies possession of a five-card major suit (otherwise the player would have bid it) or even a four card major suit (in that case, the player should use the

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or estimate how many tricks they can win, and the number of tricks bid by both players in a partnership are added. If a partnership takes at least that many tricks, they receive points for the round; otherwise, they lose penalty points.

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cover the situation where a defender is returning a suit which will be ruffed by his partner. If he plays a high card he is showing an entry in the higher side suit and vice versa. There are some other situations where this tool may be

1371:, opening hearts or spades usually promises a 5-card suit. Partnerships who agree to play 5-card majors open a minor suit with 4-card majors and then bid their major suit at the next opportunity. This means that an opening bid of 1 550:

After the contract is decided, and the first lead is made, the declarer's partner (dummy) lays their cards face up on the table, and the declarer plays the dummy's cards as well as their own. The opposing partnership is called the

431:. The number of people playing contract bridge has declined since its peak in the 1940s, when a survey found it was played in 44% of US households. The game is still widely played, especially amongst retirees, and in 2005 the 500:, the goal of bridge is not simply to take the most tricks in a deal. Instead, the goal is to successfully estimate how many tricks one's partnership can take. To illustrate this, the simpler partnership trick-taking game of 1741:

The situations detailed here are extremely simple examples; many instances of advanced bidding involve specific agreements related to very specific situations and subtle inferences regarding entire sequences of calls.

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initiated the official World Championships Computer Bridge, to be held annually along with a major bridge event. The first Computer Bridge Championship took place in 1997 at the North American Bridge Championships in

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the bidding, i.e., to make the first bid in the auction. A combination of two such hands (i.e., 25 or 26 points shared between partners) is often sufficient for a partnership to bid, and generally to make, game in a

622:, having slots designated for each player's cardinal direction seating position. After a deal has been played, players return their cards to the appropriate slot in the board, ready to be played by the next table. 290:, which had become the dominant such game and enjoyed a loyal following for centuries. The idea of a trick-taking, 52-card game has its first documented origins in Italy and France. The French physician and author 2401:(BBO) is the most active online bridge club in the world, with more than 100,000 daily connections and 500,000 hands played each day, in part because it is free to play regular games and volunteer-run tournaments. 305:

Bridge departed from whist with the creation of "Biritch" in the 19th century and evolved through the late 19th and early 20th centuries to form the present game. The first rule book for bridge, dated 1886, is

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as "The Laws of Duplicate Bridge 2017". The Laws Committee of the WBF, composed of world experts, updates the Laws every 10 years; it also issues a Laws Commentary advising on interpretations it has rendered.

1334:, artificial) or preemptive, depending on the system. Unusually strong bids communicate an especially high number of points (normally 20 or more) or a high trick-taking potential (normally 8 or more). Also 2 1732:

between partners (opponents passing throughout) explicitly shows five hearts but also confirms four cards in spades: the bidder must hold at least five hearts to make it worth looking for a heart fit after

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Nearly all trick-taking techniques in bridge can be reduced to one of these four methods. The optimum play of the cards can require much thought and experience and is the subject of whole books on bridge.

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Q. Not having anything better to do, East returns the remaining trump, taken in South's hand. The trumps now accounted for, South can now execute the finesse, perhaps trapping the king as planned. South

563:. If the declarer fails to fulfill the contract, the defenders receive points depending on the declaring side's undertricks (the number of tricks short of the contract) and whether the contract was 618:

In duplicate bridge the cards are pre-dealt, either by hand or by a computerized dealing machine, in order to allow for competitive scoring. Once dealt, the cards are placed in a device called a

5272: 4212: 2287:(The trick-by-trick notation used above can be also expressed in tabular form, but a textual explanation is usually preferred in practice, for reader's convenience. Plays of small cards or 2424:

was founded in November 2020. Its online platform includes built-in audio and video. It is primarily used for organised bridge, ranging from club level to national and zonal championships.

1100:, which changed its name in 1929), the American Whist League, and the United States Bridge Association. In 1935, the first officially recognized world championship was held. In 1958, the 2264:

J. (If East does not play the king, then South will play a low club from South's hand and the queen will win anyway, this being the essence of the finesse). The game is now safe: South

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SWAN Games was founded April 2000. In March 2004, announced a partnership to provide internet services to SBF members and is a competitor in subscription-based online bridge clubs.

1415:(enunciated as two over one game forcing), which amongst other features adds some complexity to the treatment of the one notrump response as used in Standard American. In the UK, 1033:

There are no universally accepted rules for rubber bridge, but some zonal organisations have published their own. An example for those wishing to abide by a published standard is

1135:" are used. These are placed diagonally across the table, preventing partners from seeing each other during the game; often the screen is removed after the auction is complete. 753:

East-West and North–South compete for the contract. East-West prevail, specifying the trump suit (spades) and the minimum number of tricks beyond six which they must win, six.

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point) for each tie; or IMPs (international matchpoint) scoring, where the number of IMPs varies (but less than proportionately) with the points difference between the teams.

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double, is one used to try to gain extra points when the defenders are confident of setting (defeating) the contract. The most common example of a conventional double is the

1084:, with which it is often compared for its complexity and the mental skills required for high-level competition. Bridge and chess are the only "mind sports" recognized by the 834:, increasing the rewards for making the contract, but also increasing the penalties for undertricks. In rubber bridge, if a side has won 100 contract points, they have won a 2071:, since he has a long spade suit of reasonable quality and 10 high card points (an overcall can be made on a hand that is not quite strong enough for an opening bid). North 3461: 3425: 375:", became popular in the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1890s despite the long-established dominance of whist. Its breakthrough was its acceptance in 1894 by 6335: 1186:

is a set of partnership agreements on the meanings of bids. A partnership's bidding system is usually made up of a core system, modified and complemented by specific

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describes matches between Jack Bridge and seven top Dutch pairs. A total of 196 boards were played. Jack Bridge lost, but by a small margin (359 versus 385 IMPs).

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Whether doubling a contract at the 1, 2 and sometimes higher levels signifies a belief that the opponents' contract will fail and a desire to raise the stakes (a

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the remaining tricks by showing his or her hand, as it now contains only high trumps and there's no need to play the hand out to prove they are all winners.

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point count, (the 4-3-2-1 system detailed above) but this is sometimes modified in various ways, or either augmented or replaced by other approaches such as

260:, where the cards are not re-dealt on each occasion, but the same deal is played by two or more sets of players (or "tables") to enable comparative scoring. 336:(бирчий, бирич), an occupation of a diplomatic clerk or an announcer. Another theory is that British soldiers invented the game bridge while serving in the 5797: 5393: 5293: 376: 5833: 5697: 5692: 5433: 5408: 5403: 5363: 5348: 5313: 5303: 4198: 4009: 3520: 1104:(WBF) was founded to promote bridge worldwide, coordinate periodic revision to the Laws (each ten years, next in 2027) and conduct world championships. 6052: 5828: 5438: 5338: 5318: 5298: 3983: 2159:. West chooses the spade king because spades is the suit the partnership has shown strength in, and because they have agreed that when they hold two 1419:

is the most common system; its main features are a weak one notrump opening with 12–14 high card points and several variations for 2-level openings.

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based on the number of tricks taken, the contract, and various other factors which depend to some extent on the variation of the game being played.

2136:(nine tricks at notrump, ten tricks in hearts or spades, 11 tricks in clubs or diamonds), which yields bonus points if bid and made. East-West are 5459: 5413: 5368: 5358: 5353: 5328: 1363:

Opening bids at the one level are made with hands containing 12–13 points or more and which are not suitable for one of the preceding bids. Using

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in the same situation would say nothing about the diamond suit, but would tell the partner that the hand in question contains exactly one ace.

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7. In a no-trump game, East wins the trick, having played the highest spade. If diamonds or hearts are trumps, South or West respectively win.

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procedure are left to the discretion of the zonal bridge organisation for tournaments under their aegis and some (for example, the choice of

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would state a preference towards a diamond suit or a desire to play in five diamonds, whereas if the partners have agreed to use the common

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opening is used for either hands with a good 6-card suit or longer (max one losing card) and a total of 18 HCP up to 23 total points – or "

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The majority of rules mirror those of duplicate bridge in the bidding and play and differ primarily in procedures for dealing and scoring.

302:(Exercise in the Latin language) of 1539 has a dialogue on card games, where the characters play 'Triumphus hispanicus' (Spanish Triumph). 3545: 830:

At the end of the hand, points are awarded to the declaring side if they make the contract, or else to the defenders. Partnerships can be

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Sharkbridge founded in 2020 by Milen Milkovski (Canada), Plamen Panayotov (Canada), John Norris ( Denmark) and Michael Woywode (Germany).

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opening bid takes care of all hands with 24 points (HCP or with distribution points included) with the only exception of "Gambling 3NT".

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final bid, as the bonus for rubber, small slam or grand slam depends on the number of tricks taken rather than the number of tricks bid.

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strategic. It is this mixture of information exchange and evaluation, deduction, and tactics that is at the heart of bidding in bridge.

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and are vulnerable for the remaining rounds, but in duplicate bridge, vulnerability is predetermined based on the number of each board.

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has a similar mechanism: the usual trick-taking rules apply with the trump suit being spades, but in the beginning of the game, players

6203: 6032: 5907: 4070: 2845: 1759:, a prolific author of bridge books, points out that there are only four ways of taking a trick by force, two of which are very easy: 1338:

as the strongest (by HCP and by DP+HCP) has become more common, perhaps especially at websites that offer duplicate bridge. Here the 2

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defender count out the entire original distribution of the cards in that suit. It is sometimes critical to know this when defending.

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Some national contract bridge organizations now offer online bridge play to their members, including the English Bridge Union, the

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contract would fail by one trick (unless West had led a club early in the play). The failure of the contract would not mean that 4

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is a mobile and web application where users can play deals against robots. The company was started in France and is now owned by

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establishing long suits (the last cards in a suit will take tricks if the opponents do not have the suit and are unable to trump)

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of a low-level suit bid, implying support for the unbid suits or the unbid major suits and asking partner to choose one of them.

207:(WBF) is the governing body for international competitive bridge, with numerous other bodies governing it at the regional level. 3837: 3469: 3418: 2155:, having been first to bid hearts, and the player to South's left, West, has to choose the first card in the play, known as the 1076:

Duplicate bridge is played in clubs and tournaments, which can gather as many as several hundred players. Duplicate bridge is a

7707: 7692: 6067: 5787: 5782: 5757: 5752: 5627: 5622: 5557: 5093: 4121: 4031: 3994: 3968: 2365: 1531: 1085: 1018: 432: 7697: 7639: 6062: 5927: 5917: 5857: 5802: 5772: 5767: 5454: 5267: 4875: 2553: 5922: 460:, which enables comparative scoring in tournament play. Each player is dealt thirteen cards from a standard 52-card deck. A 363:(although 8 club odd tricks and 15 spade odd tricks were needed); the score could be doubled and redoubled; and there were 6182: 6121: 5777: 4880: 4146: 3539:"Review of the Olympic programme and the recommendations on the programme of the games of the XXIX Olympiad, Beijing 2008" 274: 2849: 7510: 7506: 5952: 5852: 5747: 3191:, p. 136: "The ACBL Board of Directors authorizes tournament organizers in ACBL sanctioned events to use bidding boxes." 2433:

BridgeClubLive is a subscription based club which was founded in 1994 with the Bridge Player Live Software for Windows.

520:, specifying how many tricks they will need to take in order to receive points, and also specifying the trump suit (or 7230: 7149: 6887: 6760: 6357: 6047: 5982: 5962: 5867: 5617: 5602: 5567: 5552: 5118: 4776: 2330:

K is in the west hand, but the west hand has no other clubs. In that case, declarer can succeed by simply cashing the

1402:, for instance, is a collection of conventions designed to bolster the accuracy and power of these basic ideas, while 364: 7702: 7589: 6348: 6148: 6077: 5742: 5582: 5572: 5562: 4345: 4320: 4295: 1530:

Whether doubling or overcalling over opponents' 1NT is natural or conventional. One common artificial agreement is

1293:

exactly three points (for example, 12–14, 15–17 or 16–18), but some systems use a four-point range, usually 15–18.

860:

In rubber bridge, the rubber finishes when a partnership has won two games, but the partnership receiving the most

415: 269: 2394:

There are several free and subscription-based services available for playing bridge on the internet. For example:

6817: 6138: 5987: 5262: 4569: 4559: 2441:

and the Australian Bridge Federation. MSN and Yahoo! Games have several online rubber bridge rooms. In 2001, the

7687: 7129: 6168: 5872: 4350: 2956: 2548: 2109:

with good club support and overall values. North complies, as North is at the higher end of the range for his 2

996: 191:, with partners sitting opposite each other around a table. Millions of people play bridge worldwide in clubs, 6082: 5862: 3998: 3513: 3392: 3686: 2612:

e.g., if North is the dealer, they make a call, then the auction continues with East, South, West, and so on.

2218:

K. West decides there is no benefit to holding back, and so wins the trick with the ace, and then cashes the

6729: 6669: 6442: 5902: 5762: 5632: 5587: 5521: 4650: 4310: 2442: 2438: 2370: 1787: 1651:

Within play, it is also commonly agreed what systems of opening leads, signals and discards will be played:

1101: 1049: 1002: 204: 118: 3972: 465:

as the original card led, unless they have none (said to be "void"), in which case they may play any card.

308: 7393: 7079: 6210: 5942: 5727: 5702: 5597: 5531: 5133: 5078: 4619: 4005: 3979: 2739: 1521:), or an indication of strength but no biddable suit coupled with a request that partner bid something (a 380: 256:

is the most popular variation for casual play, but most club and tournament play involves some variant of

3650: 1557:

is usually played in otherwise natural systems as conventional, signifying any exceptionally strong hand)

7529: 7455: 7398: 6405: 6022: 6017: 5577: 5128: 4835: 4710: 4685: 4062: 2490: 184: 5516: 5014: 4715: 3937: 2412: 7054: 7029: 6592: 6504: 6217: 6012: 5997: 5967: 5897: 5892: 5722: 5592: 5526: 4554: 4107: 4088: 3593: 2587:

The terms deal, hand, and board may be used interchangeably in bridge literature. More accurately, a

2538: 2480: 2445:

issued a special edition of the lawbook adapted for internet and other electronic forms of the game.

1456: 1450: 1382:

Doubles are sometimes given conventional meanings in otherwise mostly natural systems. A natural, or

1222: 414:

The modern game of contract bridge was the result of innovations to the scoring of auction bridge by

355:); dealer's partner's hand became dummy; points were scored above and below the line; game was 3NT, 4 291: 768:

over 1NT) or the denomination is higher, with the order being in ascending (or alphabetical) order:

6602: 6587: 6278: 5977: 5972: 5792: 5277: 5123: 5098: 5063: 4519: 4390: 2802: 2132:

In the auction, north–south are trying to investigate whether their cards are sufficient to make a

1435: 1187: 386: 2764: 2188:

After considering the cards, the declarer directs dummy (North) to play a small spade. East plays

1272:

of the cards in a hand into suits may also contribute to the strength of a hand and be counted as

468: 7476: 7413: 7362: 7327: 7273: 6989: 6691: 6534: 6457: 6189: 6126: 6072: 6027: 5506: 5490: 5480: 4760: 4579: 4524: 4444: 4395: 4380: 4290: 4270: 2505: 2398: 1710: 1470: 1427: 586: 501: 192: 6247: 4690: 3538: 2421: 2408: 2049:

the bidding, they each pass, denying such strength. South, next in turn, opens with the bid of 1

1422:

There are also a variety of advanced techniques used for hand evaluation. The most basic is the

2404: 1466:

Point count required for 1 NT opening bid ('mini' 10–12, 'weak' 12–14, 'strong' 15–17 or 16–18)

1463:

How the partnership's bidding practices will be varied if their opponents intervene or compete.

7481: 7428: 7357: 7034: 6827: 6772: 6707: 6686: 6623: 6612: 6477: 6431: 6415: 6344: 6294: 6057: 5957: 5937: 5838: 5707: 5108: 4994: 4915: 4895: 4755: 4680: 4584: 4509: 4464: 4340: 4125: 4092: 4066: 4059:

Hoyle's Modern Encyclopedia of Card Games: Rules of All the Basic Games and Popular Variations

4045: 4035: 3658: 3599: 3398: 2806: 2668: 1685:

that suit, thus not "wasting" a potentially useful intermediate card in the suit of interest.)

1431: 1399: 1364: 1276:. A better than average hand, containing 12 or 13 points, is usually considered sufficient to 1195: 1153: 536: 449: 283: 177: 2867: 7368: 7317: 7220: 7094: 7069: 6857: 6812: 6802: 6787: 6739: 6628: 6549: 6488: 6399: 6393: 6261: 6002: 5912: 5193: 5172: 5088: 5058: 5048: 5043: 4860: 4855: 4655: 4574: 4484: 4330: 4325: 4315: 4285: 2794: 2600: 2500: 2470: 2460: 2346:

K. Therefore, the superior percentage play is to take the club finesse, as described above.

1855:

W E

1666: 1550: 1412: 1368: 1323: 544: 457: 428: 257: 153: 7064: 1790:; North is the dealer and starts the auction which proceeds as shown in the bidding table. 7300: 7278: 7250: 7186: 7165: 6899: 6696: 6644: 6565: 6554: 6387: 6382: 6254: 5882: 5877: 5737: 5218: 5188: 4984: 4974: 4910: 4865: 4514: 4504: 4474: 4375: 4365: 4300: 2713: 2455: 2361: 2355: 2342:

Q as a winner. The chance of this is far lower than the chance that East started with the

2296: 2241:

the dummy (i.e. wins a trick in the dummy's hand) by leading a low diamond, using dummy's

2058: 1673: 1562: 1273: 1264: 1238: 1132: 595: 295: 7124: 7084: 4999: 4750: 4172: 2795: 585:

The four players sit in two partnerships with players sitting opposite their partners. A

2291:

are often omitted from such a description, unless they were important for the outcome).

1017:

Some zonal organisations of the WBF also publish editions of the Laws. For example, the

28: 7109: 6919: 6680: 6654: 6472: 6410: 6175: 5823: 5511: 5158: 5143: 5113: 5103: 5068: 5004: 4989: 4905: 4830: 4820: 4735: 4665: 4604: 4459: 4454: 4275: 4250: 2961: 2596: 2054: 1523: 1403: 1387: 1199: 1149: 1065: 825: 619: 606: 590:

on the table, such as a board containing the cards to be played (in duplicate bridge),

532: 420: 399: 391: 313: 247: 157: 2053:, which denotes a reasonable heart suit (at least 4 or 5 cards long, depending on the 7681: 7609: 7524: 7491: 7418: 7099: 7014: 6852: 6807: 6559: 5947: 5717: 5712: 5213: 5203: 5148: 5138: 5083: 5073: 5053: 5019: 5009: 4979: 4964: 4920: 4850: 4840: 4589: 4469: 4439: 4370: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4021: 2660: 2202: 1756: 1171: 1167: 453: 348: 341: 253: 2121:

queen of clubs to fit with partner's strength there. (North could instead have bid 3

1474:(together with Blackwood, described as "the two most famous conventions in Bridge".) 476:

10 so all players must play a spade unless they have none. East "follows suit" with

7605: 7544: 7244: 7160: 6847: 6734: 6724: 6524: 6519: 5887: 5687: 5223: 5198: 5153: 4900: 4890: 4870: 4745: 4720: 4629: 4624: 4609: 4494: 4385: 4355: 4280: 4080: 2790: 2266: 2232:

2 instead of another spade. Declarer plays low from the table, and East scores the

2224: 1656: 1546: 372: 7373: 6959: 6701: 2934: 6313: 2253:

the queen with the king, and South takes the trick with the ace, and proceeds by

7615: 7569: 7496: 7378: 7322: 6909: 6842: 6649: 6576: 6571: 6514: 6499: 6143: 5818: 5485: 5029: 4950: 4730: 4695: 4675: 4599: 4564: 4489: 4449: 4179: 4111: 1643: 1423: 1203: 1125: 1117: 601: 591: 337: 92: 74: 2834: 7466: 7347: 7288: 7203: 7134: 6994: 6979: 6832: 6822: 6539: 6437: 5932: 5732: 5536: 5208: 5024: 4740: 4634: 4614: 4594: 4534: 4529: 4360: 4167: 3482:

A cross-referenced listing with additional documentation is also available at

2510: 2495: 1439: 1286: 1282: 1077: 368: 3662: 2688: 2125:, indicating not enough strength for game, asking South to pass and so play 3 195:, online and with friends at home, making it one of the world's most popular 7559: 7471: 7439: 7434: 7408: 7383: 7332: 7214: 7208: 7074: 7059: 7004: 6984: 6934: 6914: 6582: 6544: 6426: 6007: 4969: 4825: 4670: 4049: 3484: 2475: 2276: 1659:

govern how the first card to be played will be chosen and what it will mean,

1322:, designed to make it difficult for the opposing team to bid and find their 1073:

only on the ability to bid with, and play, the same cards as other players.

196: 188: 180: 6462: 3887: 2886: 294:(1493–1553) mentions a game called "La Triomphe" in one of his works. Also 575: 527:

In the example auction below, the east–west pair secures the contract of 6

351:

suit, or nominated his partner to do so; there was a call of "no trumps" (

66: 7539: 7461: 7283: 7256: 7039: 7024: 6999: 6964: 6939: 6872: 6862: 6837: 6782: 6664: 6633: 6617: 6529: 6420: 6037: 4705: 4544: 4499: 3562: 2089: 2063: 1330:

Openings at the 2 level are either unusually strong (2NT, natural, and 2

1112: 347:

Biritch had many significant bridge-like developments: dealer chose the

7601: 7549: 7519: 7450: 7352: 7337: 7268: 7262: 7197: 7139: 7104: 7044: 7019: 7009: 6954: 6949: 6929: 6877: 6867: 6792: 6777: 6749: 6713: 6607: 6509: 6482: 4945: 4845: 4725: 4549: 4479: 4400: 2270:

a small club with a dummy's trump, then ruffs a diamond in hand for an

2181: 1479: 1246: 1234: 547:. Contrast with Spades, where players only have to bid their own hand. 452:

with thirteen tricks per deal. The dominant variations of the game are

326: 246:

trying to stop the declaring side from achieving its goal. The deal is

200: 3537:

Franco Carraro (Olympic Programme Commission Chairman) (August 2002).

7554: 7534: 7423: 7403: 7388: 7342: 7311: 7306: 7191: 7170: 7119: 7114: 7049: 6974: 6969: 6924: 6904: 6718: 6659: 6639: 6493: 6452: 4885: 3862: 2465: 1061: 784:, and NT (no trump). Calls may be made orally or with a bidding box. 427:

The form of bridge mostly played in clubs, tournaments and online is

70: 2629:

and that becomes the final contract, then player A becomes declarer.

2206:, but for the purpose of this example, let us assume South wins the 1545:

Whether opening bids at the two level are 'strong' (20+ points) or '

841:

If the declaring side makes their contract, they receive points for

312:

written by John Collinson, an English financier working in Ottoman

7574: 7445: 7294: 7181: 7176: 7089: 6944: 6797: 6744: 6674: 6447: 6377: 6371: 4190: 3912: 2520: 2485: 1499:, signifying an opening hand lacking a notable heart or spade suit 1445:

Common conventions and variations within natural systems include:

1398:

Bidding systems depart from these basic ideas in varying degrees.

1237:(to ask the opening 1NT bidder to show any four-card major suit), 1120:

containing all the possible calls a player can make in the auction

1111: 1081: 574: 497: 467: 385: 344:, which they crossed on their way to a coffeehouse to play cards. 287: 273: 161: 3716: 2364:

made great progress at the end of the 20th century. In 1996, the

2274:

back, and ruffs the last club in dummy (sometimes described as a

7597: 7579: 7564: 7486: 4700: 4660: 2515: 2140:

in spades, hoping to play a contract in spades at a low level. 4

1416: 1191: 1025:

and additional documentation for club and tournament directors.

540: 6317: 6103: 5653: 5244: 4797: 4421: 4232: 4194: 4176: 4162: 1582:

over 2NT respectively require the 1NT or 2NT bidder to rebid 2

1001:

The official rules of duplicate bridge are promulgated by the

787:

If the last bid was by the opposing partnership, one may also

5455:

List of bridge people with Knowledge (XXG) (English) articles

3729: 3772: 1080:, and its popularity gradually became comparable to that of 3941: 3747: 1542:

means both majors and a major shows that suit plus a minor.

324:

as being the Russian community in Constantinople. The word

187:. In its basic format, it is played by four players in two 3838:"Qualifier for the 2021 World National Team Championships" 2835:"First Steps of Bridge in the West: Collinson's 'Biritch'" 1014:) to the sponsoring organisation (for example, the club). 403:

all 13 tricks, there is no difference in score between a 1

2667:. Teach Yourself Books. Hodder and Stoughton. p. 1. 4157: 3083: 3081: 3079: 2833:

Depaulis, Thierry; Fuchs, Jac (September–October 2003).

3812: 2957:"Turning Tricks – The rise and fall of contract bridge" 1677:"reverse" signals, meaning that a noticeably high card 1379:

will sometimes be made with only 3 cards in that suit.

865:

1 point) for each pair that they beat, and 1 point (or

535:

assigning meanings to bids, with common ones including

371:. This game, and variants of it known as "bridge" and " 330:

is thought to be a transliteration of the Russian word

3579: 2045:

As neither North nor East have sufficient strength to

1630:

respectively require the 1NT, or 2NT bidder to rebid 4

878:

Undertricks are scored in both variations as follows:

214:, each progressing through four phases. The cards are 1792: 1610:

over 1NT respectively require the 1NT bidder to bid 3

1538:

is a transfer to be passed or corrected to a major, 2

1037:

as published by the American Contract Bridge League.

2144:

is the final contract, 10 tricks being required for

2061:. On this hand, South has 14 high card points. West 1549:' (i.e., pre-emptive with a 6 card suit). (Note: an 7588: 7505: 7229: 7148: 6886: 6759: 6356: 6287: 6271: 6227: 6114: 5811: 5680: 5664: 5545: 5499: 5473: 5447: 5286: 5255: 5181: 4929: 4808: 4769: 4643: 4432: 4243: 3748:"Bridge Online Play Bridge Game On Line - OKbridge" 2595:is the four hands in one allocation of 52 cards; a 435:estimated there were 25 million players in the US. 147: 139: 114: 106: 98: 88: 80: 62: 54: 46: 38: 278:John Collinson's "Biritch, or Russian Whist", 1886 143:Very low to moderate (depending on variant played) 3582:, p. 576. See World Bridge Federation (WBF). 3514:"The WBF Code of Laws for Electronic Bridge 2001" 2302:On the prior hand, it is quite possible that the 2326:Similarly, there is a minuscule chance that the 2306:K is held by West. For example, by swapping the 1510:requires a minimum of 4 or 5 cards in the suit ( 987:as promulgated by various bridge organizations. 2801:(2nd ed.). Wiley Publishing, Inc. p. 2765:"At the Bridge Table, Clues to a Lucid Old Age" 559:being the highest, as well as bonus points for 2382:in 2005 and 2006 in the Dutch bridge magazine 1356:NT", like 2NT but with 22–23 HCP. Whilst the 2 512:Bridge extends the concept of bidding into an 6329: 4206: 1766:playing a high card that no one else can beat 1699:suit in another suit might be called as such. 1170:in bridge bidding and play are summarized as 983:The rules of the game are referred to as the 367:bonuses. It has some features in common with 331: 8: 3730:"Play bridge online for free with Funbridge" 3355: 3353: 2740:"Billionaires bank on bridge to trump poker" 1318:would be a candidate for an opening bid of 3 1198:, and mainly artificial systems such as the 21: 5798:World Transnational Open Teams Championship 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 1716:Likewise, in some partnerships the bid of 2 1131:In top national and international events, " 1052:promulgated a set of laws for online play. 6336: 6322: 6314: 6111: 6100: 5834:European Universities Bridge Championships 5698:Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games 5693:Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games 5661: 5650: 5252: 5241: 4805: 4794: 4429: 4418: 4240: 4229: 4213: 4199: 4191: 4173: 1285:or notrump (more are usually needed for a 1209:Calls are usually considered to be either 629: 320:dated 28 May 1906, document the origin of 6053:United States Bridge Championships - Open 5829:Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships 3681: 3679: 2314:A between the defending hands. Then the 4 5613:List of contract bridge governing bodies 3563:"High Court rules bridge is not a sport" 3121: 3119: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3066: 3064: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2625:and player B, their partner, raises to 4 1956: 931: 922: 880: 633: 600: 419:in a rubber more expensive. The various 242:trying to fulfill the contract, and the 3712: 3710: 3708: 3687:"Bridge-Bot World Championship History" 3148: 3146: 2986: 2984: 2652: 2591:is one player's holding of 13 cards; a 2570: 516:, where partnerships compete to take a 5672:List of bridge competitions and awards 5273:List of nationality transfers in sport 4158:American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) 3817:USBF (United States Bridge Federation) 3332: 3284: 3248: 3137: 3087: 3019: 2846:The International Playing-Card Society 2544:List of bridge competitions and awards 1060:Bridge is a game of skill played with 235: 20: 6162:25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know 6043:Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams 5608:International Mind Sports Association 3595:Bridge Maxims: Secrets of Better Play 3592:Grant, Audrey; Rodwell, Eric (1987). 2360:After many years of little progress, 2249:Q from dummy to the next trick. East 1927: 1914: 1847: 1813: 1795: 7: 5846:North American bridge Championships: 4015:from the original on 9 October 2022. 3580:Francis, Truscott & Francis 2001 3551:from the original on 9 October 2022. 3526:from the original on 9 October 2022. 2855:from the original on 9 October 2022. 2738:Martha T. Moore (19 December 2005). 1786:The cards are dealt as shown in the 1681:that suit and a noticeably low card 448:Bridge is a four-player partnership 282:Bridge is a member of the family of 6197:The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge 5993:North American Bridge Championships 4117:The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge 4027:The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge 4024:; Francis, Dorthy A., eds. (2001). 3813:"2021 World Championship and USBCs" 3649:Truscott, Alan (13 December 1981). 3419:"The Laws of Duplicate Bridge 2017" 3275:, Part I ("Definitions"): Declarer. 2083:points. East supports spades with 2 1935:K Q 10 5 3 1829:A 10 7 6 5 1064:dealt cards, which makes it also a 6204:Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand 5908:Keohane North American Swiss Teams 3989:from the original on 6 April 2016. 3940:. 20 December 1996. Archived from 3691:World Computer-Bridge Championship 3544:. IOC Executive Board. p. 8. 3449: 3378: 3344: 3236: 3227:, Law 6B & 6E, pp. 9–10. 3224: 3200: 3188: 3176: 3164: 2245:A to win the trick, and leads the 2117:bid promised only three), and the 2113:bid, and has a fourth trump (the 2 2079:, showing heart support and about 1845:K Q 8 7 2 1560:Whether the partnership will play 1484:the partnership will play, if any. 1482:(e.g. bidding the opponents' suit) 456:, more common in social play; and 316:. It and his subsequent letter to 14: 6235:List of contract bridge magazines 4540:Optimum contract and par contract 4336:Glossary of contract bridge terms 4183:Topics related to Contract bridge 2866:Alan Truscott (2 February 1992). 2534:Glossary of contract bridge terms 2210:A at trick 1). South proceeds by 2192:(small card) and South takes the 1497:(also called 'phoney' or 'short') 580:Partners sit opposite each other. 218:to the players; then the players 210:The game consists of a number of 7629: 7628: 4178: 3431:from the original on 17 May 2017 2955:David Owen (17 September 2007). 2242: 2233: 2229: 1773:trumping an opponent's high card 1752:List of play techniques (bridge) 1734: 1725: 1623: 1615: 1575: 1567: 1539: 1492: 1454:(either the original version or 1376: 1357: 1335: 1309: 1226: 1218: 773: 722: 665: 481: 360: 27: 6033:Smith Life Master Women's Pairs 5788:World Senior Teams Championship 5783:World Senior Pairs Championship 5758:World Junior Teams Championship 5753:World Junior Pairs Championship 5628:United States Bridge Federation 5623:South African Bridge Federation 5558:American Contract Bridge League 5094:Non-simultaneous double squeeze 4122:American Contract Bridge League 4120:(7th ed.). Horn Lake, MS: 4032:American Contract Bridge League 3995:American Contract Bridge League 3969:American Contract Bridge League 3938:"Bridge Player LIVE! - /BPLIVE" 3501: 3391:Reese, Terence (17 June 2013). 3359: 3320: 3308: 3296: 3272: 3260: 3212: 3152: 3125: 3110: 3070: 3055: 3043: 3031: 3007: 2990: 2975: 2906:Elwell 1905 and Benedict 1900. 2621:For example, if player A bids 2 1289:game, as the level is higher). 1086:International Olympic Committee 1019:American Contract Bridge League 6063:Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs 5928:Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs 5918:Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs 5858:Edgar Kaplan Blue Ribbon Pairs 5803:World Women Pairs Championship 5773:World Mixed Teams Championship 5768:World Mixed Pairs Championship 5268:List of contract bridge people 4876:Principle of restricted choice 3773:"Real Bridge with Real People" 2885:John Collinson (9 July 1886). 2626: 2622: 2554:List of contract bridge people 2319: 2315: 2311: 2219: 2215: 2207: 2193: 2148:to make with hearts as trump. 2141: 2126: 2122: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2084: 2076: 2068: 2050: 2020: 2003: 1997: 1991: 1983: 1916: 1801: 1729: 1717: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1603: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1571: 1507: 1503: 1319: 1303: 1299: 1098:American Auction Bridge League 781: 777: 731: 705: 691: 679: 671: 528: 485: 477: 473: 408: 404: 356: 1: 7713:Card games introduced in 1925 6183:Contract Bridge for Beginners 6122:List of contract bridge books 5778:World Open Pairs Championship 5460:List of bridge administrators 4163:World Bridge Federation (WBF) 4147:List of contract bridge books 4030:(6th ed.). Memphis, TN: 3362:, Law 72–74, pp. 34–35. 3034:, Law 72(a), pp. 34–35. 2599:is a term more applicable to 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2307: 2303: 2261: 2246: 2175: 2094: 2009: 1721: 1611: 1607: 1554: 1535: 1488: 1407: 1372: 1339: 1331: 1313: 769: 765: 697: 685: 6068:Wagar Women's Knockout Teams 5953:Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams 5853:ACBL King or Queen of Bridge 5748:World IMP Pairs Championship 4110:; Greenberg-Yarbro, Tracey; 3651:"Bridge – One for the Books" 3638:. Bridge Lessons. (Deal 14). 3462:"Basic Laws and Regulations" 2844:. Vol. 32, no. 2. 1495:) is 'natural' or 'suspect' 1263:Most systems use a count of 971: 968: 965: 962: 954: 951: 948: 945: 937: 934: 928: 925: 7658:Tarot and Tarock card games 7649:Non trick-taking card games 6048:Truscott Senior Swiss Teams 5983:Non-Life Master Swiss Teams 5963:Nail Life Master Open Pairs 5923:Machlin Women's Swiss Teams 5868:Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match 5618:Norwegian Bridge Federation 5603:Hungarian Bridge Federation 5568:Brazilian Bridge Federation 5553:American Bridge Association 5119:Simultaneous double squeeze 4777:List of bidding conventions 3623:. Bridge Lessons. (Deal 1). 3519:. World Bridge Federation. 3424:. World Bridge Federation. 3394:Bridge for Bright Beginners 3203:, Law 80, pp. 99–100. 2887:"Biritch, or Russian Whist" 2718:Baron Barclay Bridge Supply 2222:Q. For fear of conceding a 2200:. (South may also elect to 1868:10 9 5 4 1502:Whether an opening bid of 1 1406:is a system that uses the 1 7729: 6149:Terence Reese bibliography 6105:Publications and resources 5743:World Bridge Championships 5583:Canadian Bridge Federation 5573:Bridge Federation of India 5563:Austrian Bridge Federation 4346:History of contract bridge 4321:Duplicate bridge movements 4144: 4057:Gibson, Walter B. (1974). 3999:"Laws of Duplicate Bridge" 3263:, Law 40, pp. 18–19. 3113:, Law 81, pp. 37–39. 3010:, Law 44, pp. 20–21. 2353: 1951:A J 8 5 1910:K 9 6 4 1821:J 8 7 4 1749: 1147: 994: 823: 812:At any time, a player may 632: 416:Harold Stirling Vanderbilt 270:History of contract bridge 267: 102:A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 7624: 6139:Edwin Kantar bibliography 6110: 6099: 5988:Norman Kay Platinum Pairs 5660: 5649: 5263:ACBL Youngest Life Master 5251: 5240: 4804: 4793: 4570:Quantitative notrump bids 4560:Principle of fast arrival 4428: 4417: 4239: 4228: 4188: 3239:, Law 7B & 7C, p. 11. 1108:Bidding boxes and screens 1035:The Laws of Rubber Bridge 894: 891: 886: 883: 472:In this trick, North led 340:, and named it after the 332: 309:Biritch, or Russian Whist 300:Linguae latinae exercitio 152: 26: 6730:Twenty-five (Spoil Five) 6169:Bridge Squeezes Complete 6144:Hugh Kelsey bibliography 5873:Fall National Open Pairs 5246:People and organizations 4351:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3598:. Prentice-Hall Canada. 3450:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3379:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3345:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3237:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3225:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3201:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3189:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3177:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 3167:, Law 6, pp. 9–10. 3165:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 2549:List of bridge magazines 1641:Which (if any) bids are 1023:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 997:Laws of Duplicate Bridge 960:4th and each subsequent 496:Unlike its predecessor, 6345:Trick-taking card games 6078:Whitehead Women's Pairs 5903:Jacoby Open Swiss Teams 5763:World Mind Sports Games 5633:World Bridge Federation 5588:Dutch Bridge Federation 5522:Galatasaray Bridge Team 4816:List of play techniques 4651:List of bidding systems 4311:Contract bridge diagram 3973:"Laws of Rubber Bridge" 3913:"Home - BridgeClubLive" 3801:: 54–59. February 2021. 3397:. Courier Corporation. 3323:, Law 68–71, pp. 82–86. 3311:, Law 68–71, pp. 32–34. 3155:, Law 8, pp. 5–6. 2993:, Law 3, pp. 3–4. 2896:– via Pagat.com . 2439:Dutch Bridge Federation 2371:Albuquerque, New Mexico 2101:the partner to bid the 1689:Suit preference signals 1647:and require a response. 1178:Systems and conventions 1102:World Bridge Federation 286:and is a derivative of 205:World Bridge Federation 7708:French deck card games 7693:Four-player card games 6211:Right Through the Pack 5943:Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs 5728:Triple crown of bridge 5703:Cavendish Invitational 5598:European Bridge League 5532:Portland Club (London) 5465:List of bridge writers 5134:Stepping-stone squeeze 5079:Entry-shifting squeeze 4716:Kaplan–Sheinwold 4620:Useful space principle 3917:www.bridgeclublive.com 3842:European Bridge League 3636:Stayman & Transfer 3621:Stayman & Transfer 2693:Kardwell International 1327:make game themselves. 1121: 887:Points per undertrick 611: 582: 489: 395: 381:London's Portland Club 279: 189:competing partnerships 7698:Games of mental skill 7640:Historical card games 7237:(except where stated) 6364:(except where stated) 6023:Senior Knockout Teams 6018:Roth Open Swiss Teams 5578:British Bridge League 4711:Highly unusual method 4686:Bridge World Standard 4145:Further information: 4089:John Wiley & Sons 3797:"RealBridge Review". 3502:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3360:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3321:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3309:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3297:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3273:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3261:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3213:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3153:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3126:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3111:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3071:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3056:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3044:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3032:Laws of Rubber Bridge 3008:Laws of Rubber Bridge 2991:Laws of Rubber Bridge 2976:Laws of Rubber Bridge 2603:and refers to a deal. 2338:K and setting up the 2075:partner's suit with 2 1720:in the sequence 1NT–2 1255:Basic natural systems 1115: 1021:(ACBL) publishes the 857:grand slam is 1,500. 604: 578: 471: 389: 277: 264:History and etymology 199:, particularly among 185:standard 52-card deck 6218:Tickets to the Devil 6013:Rockwell Mixed Pairs 5998:North American Pairs 5968:National 199er Pairs 5898:Hilliard Mixed Pairs 5893:Grand National Teams 5723:Senior Bowl (bridge) 5593:English Bridge Union 5527:Melville Bridge Club 4555:Prepared opening bid 2539:List of bridge books 2377:Stand-alone software 1655:Conventions for the 1600:minor suit transfers 1302: KQJ9872 1223:Blackwood convention 912: Doubled 903: Doubled 230:seeking to take the 33:Bridge declarer play 7394:Officers' Schafkopf 6279:Grand Slam (BBC TV) 6083:Young LM–1500 Pairs 5978:National 99er Pairs 5973:National 49er Pairs 5863:Bruce LM–5000 Pairs 5793:World Team Olympiad 5278:Bridge Headquarters 5124:Single-suit squeeze 5099:Progressive squeeze 5064:Criss-cross squeeze 4520:Law of total tricks 4391:Traveling scoreslip 4020:Francis, Henry G.; 3944:on 20 December 1996 3485:"Bridge Laws Index" 3287:, pp. 136–137. 3251:, pp. 135–136. 3022:, pp. 632–636. 1904:10 7 2 1788:bridge hand diagram 1704:Advanced techniques 1606:and either 2NT or 3 1436:law of total tricks 1274:distribution points 656: 318:The Saturday Review 121:tournament games = 23: 7590:Swiss German packs 7274:Bohemian Schneider 7221:Württemberg Tarock 6190:Design for Bidding 6127:Master Point Press 6073:Wernher Open Pairs 6028:Silodor Open Pairs 5812:National and Zonal 5507:Bridge Base Online 5287:Players by country 5166:Suit combinations: 5015:Morton's fork coup 4761:Strong club system 4580:Sacrifice (bridge) 4525:Losing-Trick Count 4445:Balancing (bridge) 4381:Singaporean bridge 4291:Cheating in bridge 4271:Bridge Murder case 4168:The Bridge Library 4085:Bridge for Dummies 3717:Manley et al. 2011 3655:The New York Times 3569:. 15 October 2015. 2872:The New York Times 2848:. pp. 67–76. 2797:Bridge for Dummies 2769:The New York Times 2449:Related card games 2399:Bridge Base Online 2280:). Finally, South 2087:. South inserts a 2057:) and at least 12 1896:K Q 9 1890:J 4 2 1711:Stayman convention 1512:4 or 5 card majors 1428:losing trick count 1166:A number of basic 1122: 943:2nd and 3rd, each 650: 612: 587:cardinal direction 583: 567:by the defenders. 490: 396: 284:trick-taking games 280: 7703:Multiplayer games 7675: 7674: 7669: 7668: 7482:Wendish Schafkopf 7429:Russian Schnapsen 7238: 7154: 6893: 6766: 6365: 6311: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6295:Bridge Base Basic 6095: 6094: 6091: 6090: 6058:Vanderbilt Trophy 5958:Mott-Smith Trophy 5938:Master Individual 5839:Gold Cup (bridge) 5708:Computer Olympiad 5645: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5236: 5235: 5232: 5231: 5109:Saturated squeeze 4995:Deschapelles coup 4789: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4756:Standard American 4681:Bridge Base Basic 4585:Shooting (bridge) 4510:Honor point count 4465:Bridge convention 4413: 4412: 4409: 4408: 4341:High card by suit 4131:978-0-939460-99-1 4098:978-1-118-24083-0 4065:: Dolphin Books. 4022:Truscott, Alan F. 3734:www.funbridge.com 3693:. 19 January 2017 3605:978-0-13-081936-9 3404:978-0-486-31746-5 2812:978-0-471-92426-5 2411:which is part of 2228:, West plays the 2043: 2042: 1955: 1954: 1696:Surrogate signals 1432:honor point count 1400:Standard American 1365:Standard American 1196:Standard American 1154:Bridge convention 1124:In tournaments, " 976: 975: 853:between the two. 757: 756: 752: 751: 649: 571:Setup and dealing 537:Standard American 450:trick-taking game 167: 166: 69:, communication, 39:Alternative names 7720: 7662: 7656: 7653: 7647: 7644: 7638: 7632: 7631: 7318:German Schafkopf 7234: 7152: 6891: 6764: 6603:Norseman's knock 6361: 6338: 6331: 6324: 6315: 6262:The Bridge World 6244: 6243: 6158: 6157: 6136: 6135: 6112: 6101: 6003:Red Ribbon Pairs 5913:Lebhar IMP Pairs 5848: 5847: 5662: 5651: 5546:Governing bodies 5253: 5242: 5194:Journalist leads 5173:Suit combination 5168: 5167: 5089:Knockout squeeze 5059:Compound squeeze 5049:Cannibal squeeze 5044:Backwash squeeze 5039: 5038: 4960: 4959: 4941: 4940: 4856:Grosvenor gambit 4806: 4795: 4656:2/1 game forcing 4575:Reverse (bridge) 4485:Five-card majors 4430: 4419: 4326:Five-suit bridge 4316:Duplicate bridge 4241: 4230: 4215: 4208: 4201: 4192: 4182: 4174: 4135: 4102: 4087:(3rd ed.). 4076: 4053: 4016: 4014: 4003: 3990: 3988: 3977: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3884: 3878: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3769: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3683: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3631: 3625: 3624: 3616: 3610: 3609: 3589: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3559: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3543: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3518: 3510: 3504: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3472:on 10 April 2017 3468:. Archived from 3458: 3452: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3430: 3423: 3415: 3409: 3408: 3388: 3382: 3381:, Law 77, p. 95. 3376: 3363: 3357: 3348: 3342: 3336: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3299:, Law 43, p. 20. 3294: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3186: 3180: 3174: 3168: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3141: 3135: 3129: 3128:, Law 41, p. 19. 3123: 3114: 3108: 3091: 3085: 3074: 3073:, Law 22, p. 11. 3068: 3059: 3058:, Law 18, p. 10. 3053: 3047: 3046:, Law 19, p. 10. 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2994: 2988: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2966: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2935:"Auction bridge" 2931: 2925: 2922: 2916: 2913: 2907: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2863: 2857: 2856: 2854: 2842:The Playing-Card 2839: 2830: 2817: 2816: 2800: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2735: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2657: 2640: 2636: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2613: 2610: 2604: 2601:duplicate bridge 2585: 2579: 2575: 2413:52 Entertainment 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2263: 2248: 2244: 2235: 2231: 2225:ruff and discard 2221: 2217: 2209: 2195: 2177: 2147: 2143: 2128: 2124: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2096: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2070: 2059:high card points 2052: 2022: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1993: 1985: 1957: 1918: 1803: 1793: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1563:Jacoby transfers 1556: 1541: 1537: 1509: 1505: 1494: 1491:(and sometimes 1 1490: 1413:2/1 game forcing 1409: 1394:Basic variations 1378: 1374: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1324:optimum contract 1321: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1265:high card points 1239:Jacoby transfers 1228: 1220: 881: 874: 873: 869: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 733: 724: 707: 699: 693: 687: 681: 673: 667: 657: 634: 630: 607:Duplicate Boards 545:2/1 game forcing 530: 487: 484:J and West with 483: 479: 475: 458:duplicate bridge 429:duplicate bridge 410: 406: 362: 358: 335: 334: 258:duplicate bridge 154:Duplicate bridge 135:minutes per deal 134: 133: 129: 126: 31: 24: 7728: 7727: 7723: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7718: 7717: 7688:Contract bridge 7678: 7677: 7676: 7671: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7654: 7651: 7645: 7642: 7636: 7620: 7584: 7501: 7301:Dreierschnapsen 7279:Bohemian Watten 7251:Bauernschnapsen 7236: 7233: 7225: 7166:Bavarian Tarock 7144: 6995:Klaberjass/Bela 6890: 6882: 6763: 6755: 6555:Knock-out whist 6363: 6360: 6352: 6342: 6312: 6299: 6283: 6267: 6255:Bridge Magazine 6248:Bridge d'Italia 6241: 6240: 6223: 6155: 6154: 6134:Bibliographies: 6133: 6132: 6106: 6087: 5883:Fishbein Trophy 5878:Fast Open Pairs 5845: 5844: 5807: 5738:WBF Youth Award 5676: 5656: 5637: 5541: 5495: 5469: 5443: 5282: 5247: 5228: 5189:Forcing defense 5177: 5165: 5164: 5036: 5035: 4985:Coup en passant 4975:Belladonna coup 4957: 4956: 4938: 4937: 4925: 4911:Trump promotion 4866:Percentage play 4800: 4781: 4765: 4691:Canapé (bridge) 4639: 4515:Inverted minors 4505:Hand evaluation 4475:Convention card 4424: 4405: 4366:Neuberg formula 4306:Contract bridge 4301:Computer bridge 4235: 4224: 4222:Contract bridge 4219: 4184: 4154: 4149: 4143: 4141:Further reading 4138: 4132: 4114:, eds. (2011). 4106:Manley, Brent; 4105: 4099: 4079: 4073: 4063:Garden City, NY 4056: 4042: 4019: 4012: 4001: 3993: 3986: 3975: 3967: 3963: 3958: 3957: 3947: 3945: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3921: 3919: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3896: 3894: 3888:"Online Bridge" 3886: 3885: 3881: 3871: 3869: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3846: 3844: 3836: 3835: 3831: 3821: 3819: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3781: 3779: 3771: 3770: 3766: 3756: 3754: 3746: 3745: 3741: 3728: 3727: 3723: 3715: 3706: 3696: 3694: 3685: 3684: 3677: 3667: 3665: 3648: 3647: 3643: 3634:Andrew Robson. 3633: 3632: 3628: 3619:Andrew Robson. 3618: 3617: 3613: 3606: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3578: 3574: 3561: 3560: 3556: 3548: 3541: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3523: 3516: 3512: 3511: 3507: 3500: 3496: 3483: 3475: 3473: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3448: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3421: 3417: 3416: 3412: 3405: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3377: 3366: 3358: 3351: 3343: 3339: 3331: 3327: 3319: 3315: 3307: 3303: 3295: 3291: 3283: 3279: 3271: 3267: 3259: 3255: 3247: 3243: 3235: 3231: 3223: 3219: 3211: 3207: 3199: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3179:, Law 7, p. 11. 3175: 3171: 3163: 3159: 3151: 3144: 3136: 3132: 3124: 3117: 3109: 3094: 3086: 3077: 3069: 3062: 3054: 3050: 3042: 3038: 3030: 3026: 3018: 3014: 3006: 2997: 2989: 2982: 2974: 2970: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2939: 2937: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2905: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2852: 2837: 2832: 2831: 2820: 2813: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2774: 2772: 2763: 2762: 2758: 2748: 2746: 2737: 2736: 2732: 2722: 2720: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2697: 2695: 2689:"Bridge Tables" 2687: 2686: 2682: 2675: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2643: 2637: 2633: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2607: 2586: 2582: 2576: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2530: 2525: 2451: 2392: 2379: 2362:computer bridge 2358: 2356:Computer bridge 2352: 2334:A, felling the 2297:traveling sheet 2196:A, gaining the 2165:adjacent honors 2161:touching honors 2145: 2080: 1858: 1857: 1853: 1852: 1805:Not Vulnerable 1804: 1799: 1797: 1784: 1754: 1748: 1746:Play techniques 1706: 1620:Texas transfers 1396: 1352: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1312: 42 1308: 1298: 1257: 1180: 1156: 1148:Main articles: 1146: 1141: 1133:bidding screens 1110: 1058: 1046: 1031: 999: 993: 981: 920:1st undertrick 895:Not vulnerable 871: 867: 866: 828: 822: 806: 655: 653:Example auction 628: 610: 581: 573: 533:bidding systems 446: 441: 390:Bridge club at 296:Juan Luis Vives 272: 266: 170:Contract bridge 131: 127: 124: 122: 99:Rank (high→low) 34: 22:Contract bridge 17: 12: 11: 5: 7726: 7724: 7716: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7680: 7679: 7673: 7672: 7667: 7666: 7664: 7663: 7625: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7618: 7613: 7594: 7592: 7586: 7585: 7583: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7516: 7514: 7503: 7502: 7500: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7437: 7432: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7309: 7304: 7298: 7292: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7260: 7254: 7248: 7241: 7239: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7223: 7218: 7212: 7206: 7201: 7195: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7168: 7163: 7157: 7155: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7110:Tausendundeins 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7035:Officers' Skat 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6920:Bauernheinrich 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6896: 6894: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6769: 6767: 6757: 6756: 6754: 6753: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6716: 6711: 6705: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6678: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6574: 6569: 6563: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6491: 6486: 6480: 6475: 6473:Call-ace whist 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6429: 6424: 6418: 6413: 6411:Auction bridge 6408: 6403: 6397: 6391: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6368: 6366: 6354: 6353: 6343: 6341: 6340: 6333: 6326: 6318: 6309: 6308: 6305: 6304: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6297: 6291: 6289: 6288:External links 6285: 6284: 6282: 6281: 6275: 6273: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6265: 6258: 6251: 6237: 6231: 6229: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6221: 6214: 6207: 6200: 6193: 6186: 6179: 6176:The Cardturner 6172: 6165: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6129: 6124: 6118: 6116: 6108: 6107: 6104: 6097: 6096: 6093: 6092: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5824:Camrose Trophy 5821: 5815: 5813: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5684: 5682: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5674: 5668: 5666: 5658: 5657: 5654: 5647: 5646: 5643: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5549: 5547: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5512:Cavendish Club 5509: 5503: 5501: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5477: 5475: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5451: 5449: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5290: 5288: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5259: 5257: 5249: 5248: 5245: 5238: 5237: 5234: 5233: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5185: 5183: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5175: 5170: 5161: 5159:Winkle squeeze 5156: 5151: 5146: 5144:Triple squeeze 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5114:Simple squeeze 5111: 5106: 5104:Pseudo-squeeze 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5069:Double squeeze 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5005:Loser on loser 5002: 4997: 4992: 4990:Crocodile coup 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4821:Avoidance play 4818: 4812: 4810: 4802: 4801: 4798: 4791: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4779: 4773: 4771: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4736:Precision Club 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4666:Bidding system 4663: 4658: 4653: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4605:Takeout double 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4460:Board (bridge) 4457: 4455:Bidding system 4452: 4447: 4442: 4436: 4434: 4426: 4425: 4422: 4415: 4414: 4411: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4404: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4276:Bridge scoring 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4251:Auction bridge 4247: 4245: 4237: 4236: 4233: 4226: 4225: 4220: 4218: 4217: 4210: 4203: 4195: 4189: 4186: 4185: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4153: 4152:External links 4150: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4136: 4130: 4103: 4097: 4077: 4072:978-0385076807 4071: 4054: 4040: 4017: 3991: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3929: 3904: 3879: 3854: 3829: 3804: 3799:English Bridge 3789: 3764: 3739: 3721: 3704: 3675: 3641: 3626: 3611: 3604: 3584: 3572: 3554: 3529: 3505: 3494: 3453: 3442: 3410: 3403: 3383: 3364: 3349: 3347:, Law 2, p. 6. 3337: 3335:, p. 138. 3325: 3313: 3301: 3289: 3277: 3265: 3253: 3241: 3229: 3217: 3215:, Law 4, p. 4. 3205: 3193: 3181: 3169: 3157: 3142: 3140:, p. 134. 3130: 3115: 3092: 3090:, p. 135. 3075: 3060: 3048: 3036: 3024: 3012: 2995: 2980: 2978:, Law 1, p. 3. 2968: 2962:The New Yorker 2947: 2926: 2917: 2908: 2899: 2877: 2858: 2818: 2811: 2782: 2756: 2730: 2705: 2680: 2673: 2661:Reese, Terence 2651: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2631: 2614: 2605: 2580: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2557: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2435: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2419: 2415: 2402: 2391: 2388: 2378: 2375: 2354:Main article: 2351: 2348: 2257:the remaining 2214:, leading the 2055:bidding system 2041: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2030: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2017: 2013: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1987: 1986: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1945: 1944: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1933: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1912: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1884: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1783: 1780: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1750:Main article: 1747: 1744: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1700: 1693: 1686: 1671: 1664: 1660: 1649: 1648: 1639: 1558: 1543: 1528: 1524:takeout double 1519:penalty double 1515: 1500: 1485: 1477:What types of 1475: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1457:Roman Key Card 1404:Precision Club 1395: 1392: 1388:takeout double 1256: 1253: 1200:Precision Club 1184:bidding system 1179: 1176: 1168:rules of thumb 1150:Bidding system 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1109: 1106: 1066:game of chance 1057: 1054: 1045: 1042: 1030: 1027: 995:Main article: 992: 989: 980: 977: 974: 973: 970: 967: 964: 961: 957: 956: 953: 950: 947: 944: 940: 939: 936: 933: 930: 927: 924: 921: 917: 916: 913: 910: 907: 904: 901: 897: 896: 893: 889: 888: 885: 826:Bridge scoring 824:Main article: 821: 818: 805: 802: 755: 754: 750: 749: 747: 745: 742: 738: 737: 734: 728: 725: 718: 717: 714: 711: 708: 701: 700: 694: 688: 682: 675: 674: 668: 662: 660: 651: 648: 647: 644: 641: 638: 627: 624: 605: 579: 572: 569: 480:K, South with 445: 442: 440: 437: 400:auction bridge 392:Shimer College 314:Constantinople 268:Main article: 265: 262: 240:declaring side 165: 164: 158:auction bridge 150: 149: 145: 144: 141: 137: 136: 116: 112: 111: 108: 104: 103: 100: 96: 95: 90: 86: 85: 82: 78: 77: 64: 60: 59: 56: 52: 51: 48: 44: 43: 40: 36: 35: 32: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7725: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7659: 7650: 7641: 7635: 7627: 7626: 7623: 7617: 7614: 7611: 7610:Hindersi-Jass 7607: 7603: 7599: 7596: 7595: 7593: 7591: 7587: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7492:Unteransetzen 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7419:Rosbiratschka 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7369:Lusti-Kartl'n 7367: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7302: 7299: 7296: 7293: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7264: 7261: 7258: 7255: 7252: 7249: 7246: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7232: 7228: 7222: 7219: 7216: 7213: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7199: 7196: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7151: 7147: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7100:Slobberhannes 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7015:Letzter Stich 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6889: 6885: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6808:Catch the ten 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6762: 6758: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6709: 6706: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6682: 6679: 6677:(Danish) (20) 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6567: 6564: 6561: 6560:Konter a Matt 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6401: 6398: 6395: 6392: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6359: 6355: 6350: 6346: 6339: 6334: 6332: 6327: 6325: 6320: 6319: 6316: 6296: 6293: 6292: 6290: 6286: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6270: 6264: 6263: 6259: 6257: 6256: 6252: 6250: 6249: 6245: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6215: 6213: 6212: 6208: 6206: 6205: 6201: 6199: 6198: 6194: 6192: 6191: 6187: 6185: 6184: 6180: 6178: 6177: 6173: 6171: 6170: 6166: 6164: 6163: 6159: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6102: 6098: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5948:Mini-Spingold 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5810: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5718:Rosenblum Cup 5716: 5714: 5713:McConnell Cup 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5679: 5673: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655:Championships 5652: 5648: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5544: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5498: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5472: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5452: 5450: 5446: 5440: 5439:United States 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5285: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5243: 5239: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5214:Rusinow leads 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5204:Rule of 10-12 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5182:Defender play 5180: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5149:Trump squeeze 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5139:Strip squeeze 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5084:Guard squeeze 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5074:Entry squeeze 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5054:Clash squeeze 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5020:Scissors coup 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5010:Merrimac coup 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4965:Alcatraz coup 4963: 4961: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4930:Declarer play 4928: 4922: 4921:Vacant Places 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4881:Probabilities 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4796: 4792: 4778: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4642: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4590:Single suiter 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4470:Brown sticker 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4440:Balanced hand 4438: 4437: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4420: 4416: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4371:Rubber bridge 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4266:Bridge maxims 4264: 4262: 4261:Bridge-O-Rama 4259: 4257: 4256:Bridge ethics 4254: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4216: 4211: 4209: 4204: 4202: 4197: 4196: 4193: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4148: 4140: 4133: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4118: 4113: 4109: 4104: 4100: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4081:Kantar, Eddie 4078: 4074: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4041:0-943855-44-6 4037: 4033: 4029: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4011: 4007: 4006:Horn Lake, MS 4000: 3996: 3992: 3985: 3981: 3980:Horn Lake, MS 3974: 3970: 3966: 3965: 3960: 3943: 3939: 3933: 3930: 3918: 3914: 3908: 3905: 3893: 3892:swangames.com 3889: 3883: 3880: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3855: 3843: 3839: 3833: 3830: 3818: 3814: 3808: 3805: 3800: 3793: 3790: 3778: 3774: 3768: 3765: 3753: 3749: 3743: 3740: 3735: 3731: 3725: 3722: 3719:, p. 597 3718: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3705: 3692: 3688: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3645: 3642: 3637: 3630: 3627: 3622: 3615: 3612: 3607: 3601: 3597: 3596: 3588: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3573: 3568: 3564: 3558: 3555: 3547: 3540: 3533: 3530: 3522: 3515: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3498: 3495: 3490: 3486: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3446: 3443: 3427: 3420: 3414: 3411: 3406: 3400: 3396: 3395: 3387: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3278: 3274: 3269: 3266: 3262: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3230: 3226: 3221: 3218: 3214: 3209: 3206: 3202: 3197: 3194: 3190: 3185: 3182: 3178: 3173: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3134: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3052: 3049: 3045: 3040: 3037: 3033: 3028: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3013: 3009: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2969: 2964: 2963: 2958: 2951: 2948: 2936: 2930: 2927: 2921: 2918: 2915:Melrose 1901. 2912: 2909: 2903: 2900: 2888: 2881: 2878: 2873: 2869: 2862: 2859: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2836: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2808: 2804: 2799: 2798: 2792: 2791:Kantar, Eddie 2786: 2783: 2771:. 22 May 2009 2770: 2766: 2760: 2757: 2745: 2741: 2734: 2731: 2719: 2715: 2709: 2706: 2694: 2690: 2684: 2681: 2676: 2674:0-340-32438-4 2670: 2666: 2662: 2656: 2653: 2646: 2635: 2632: 2618: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2584: 2581: 2574: 2571: 2564: 2559: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2396: 2395: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2367: 2363: 2357: 2349: 2347: 2324: 2300: 2298: 2292: 2290: 2285: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2269: 2268: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2240: 2227: 2226: 2213: 2212:drawing trump 2205: 2204: 2199: 2191: 2186: 2184: 2183: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2151:South is the 2149: 2139: 2135: 2130: 2120: 2104: 2100: 2092: 2091: 2074: 2066: 2065: 2060: 2056: 2048: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2031: 2027: 2024: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2007: 2001: 1995: 1989: 1988: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1972: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1958: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1924: 1921: 1913: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1899: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1871: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1810: 1807: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1781: 1779: 1772: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1760: 1758: 1757:Terence Reese 1753: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1714: 1712: 1703: 1697: 1694: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1675: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1658: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1640: 1621: 1601: 1574:over 1NT or 3 1565: 1564: 1559: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1533: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1501: 1498: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1452: 1448: 1447: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1405: 1401: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1370: 1369:5-card majors 1366: 1361: 1328: 1325: 1294: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1230: 1224: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1172:bridge maxims 1169: 1164: 1160: 1155: 1151: 1143: 1138: 1136: 1134: 1129: 1127: 1126:bidding boxes 1119: 1114: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1093: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1074: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1055: 1053: 1051: 1048:In 2001, the 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1028: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1015: 1013: 1007: 1004: 998: 990: 988: 986: 978: 959: 958: 942: 941: 919: 918: 914: 911: 908: 905: 902: 899: 898: 890: 882: 879: 876: 863: 858: 854: 850: 846: 844: 839: 837: 833: 827: 819: 817: 815: 810: 803: 801: 797: 795: 790: 785: 763: 748: 746: 743: 740: 739: 735: 729: 726: 720: 719: 715: 712: 709: 703: 702: 695: 689: 683: 677: 676: 669: 663: 661: 659: 658: 654: 645: 642: 639: 636: 635: 631: 625: 623: 621: 616: 608: 603: 599: 597: 593: 592:bidding boxes 588: 577: 570: 568: 566: 562: 558: 554: 548: 546: 542: 538: 534: 525: 523: 519: 515: 510: 507: 503: 499: 494: 470: 466: 463: 459: 455: 454:rubber bridge 451: 443: 438: 436: 434: 430: 425: 422: 417: 412: 401: 393: 388: 384: 382: 378: 377:Lord Brougham 374: 370: 366: 354: 350: 345: 343: 342:Galata Bridge 339: 329: 328: 323: 319: 315: 311: 310: 303: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 276: 271: 263: 261: 259: 255: 254:Rubber bridge 251: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 208: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 179: 175: 171: 163: 159: 155: 151: 148:Related games 146: 142: 138: 120: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 94: 91: 87: 83: 79: 76: 72: 68: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 30: 25: 19: 7661:}} 7655:{{ 7652:}} 7646:{{ 7643:}} 7637:{{ 7606:Schieberjass 7545:Calabresella 7245:Bauernfangen 7231:German packs 7187:Haferltarock 7161:Bauerntarock 7150:German packs 7130:Twenty-eight 7085:Siebenschräm 6888:French packs 6848:Six-bid solo 6761:French packs 6735:Two-ten-jack 6725:Turkish King 6525:German whist 6520:French whist 6467: 6358:French packs 6272:TV and Radio 6260: 6253: 6246: 6239: 6216: 6209: 6202: 6195: 6188: 6181: 6174: 6167: 6160: 6153: 6131: 5888:Goren Trophy 5843: 5688:Bermuda Bowl 5224:Smith signal 5199:Opening lead 5163: 5154:Vice squeeze 5129:Squeeze play 5034: 5000:Devil's coup 4955: 4936: 4901:Smother play 4871:Pin (bridge) 4836:Card reading 4751:Säffle Spade 4746:Romex system 4721:Little Major 4630:Weak two bid 4625:Void (cards) 4610:Three suiter 4495:Forcing pass 4356:Masterpoints 4305: 4281:Bridge whist 4221: 4115: 4112:Rigal, Barry 4108:Horton, Mark 4084: 4058: 4025: 3961:Bibliography 3946:. Retrieved 3942:the original 3932: 3920:. Retrieved 3916: 3907: 3895:. Retrieved 3891: 3882: 3870:. Retrieved 3867:Shark Bridge 3866: 3857: 3845:. Retrieved 3841: 3832: 3820:. Retrieved 3816: 3807: 3798: 3792: 3780:. Retrieved 3776: 3767: 3755:. Retrieved 3752:okbridge.com 3751: 3742: 3733: 3724: 3695:. Retrieved 3690: 3668:13 September 3666:. Retrieved 3654: 3644: 3635: 3629: 3620: 3614: 3594: 3587: 3575: 3566: 3557: 3532: 3508: 3497: 3488: 3474:. Retrieved 3470:the original 3466:ACBL website 3465: 3456: 3445: 3433:. Retrieved 3413: 3393: 3386: 3340: 3328: 3316: 3304: 3292: 3280: 3268: 3256: 3244: 3232: 3220: 3208: 3196: 3184: 3172: 3160: 3133: 3051: 3039: 3027: 3015: 2971: 2960: 2950: 2938:. Retrieved 2929: 2924:Foster 1889. 2920: 2911: 2902: 2890:. Retrieved 2880: 2871: 2861: 2841: 2796: 2785: 2773:. Retrieved 2768: 2759: 2747:. Retrieved 2743: 2733: 2721:. Retrieved 2717: 2708: 2696:. Retrieved 2692: 2683: 2664: 2655: 2634: 2617: 2608: 2583: 2573: 2436: 2393: 2380: 2359: 2325: 2301: 2293: 2288: 2286: 2281: 2275: 2271: 2265: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2238: 2223: 2211: 2201: 2197: 2189: 2187: 2180: 2173: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2157:opening lead 2156: 2152: 2150: 2137: 2133: 2131: 2118: 2102: 2098: 2088: 2072: 2062: 2046: 2044: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1848: 1785: 1776: 1755: 1740: 1715: 1707: 1682: 1678: 1657:opening lead 1650: 1642: 1619: 1599: 1561: 1522: 1518: 1511: 1496: 1478: 1469: 1455: 1449: 1444: 1421: 1397: 1383: 1381: 1362: 1329: 1295: 1291: 1277: 1270:distribution 1269: 1262: 1258: 1245: 1243: 1231: 1225:, a bid of 5 1215:conventional 1214: 1210: 1208: 1183: 1181: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1130: 1123: 1097: 1094: 1090: 1075: 1069: 1059: 1047: 1039: 1034: 1032: 1022: 1016: 1011: 1008: 1000: 984: 982: 884:Undertricks 877: 861: 859: 855: 851: 847: 840: 829: 811: 807: 798: 786: 761: 758: 652: 617: 613: 584: 564: 556: 549: 526: 521: 511: 505: 495: 491: 447: 426: 413: 397: 373:bridge whist 352: 346: 325: 321: 317: 307: 304: 299: 281: 252: 223: 219: 209: 178:trick-taking 173: 172:, or simply 169: 168: 115:Playing time 50:Trick-taking 18: 7616:Kaiserspiel 7570:Truc y Flou 7497:Zehnerlegen 7379:Matzlfangen 7323:German Solo 6910:Bassadewitz 6843:Scharwenzel 6681:Skærvindsel 6670:Sixty-three 6650:Ristikontra 6598:Ninety-nine 6515:Forty-fives 6500:Court piece 6443:Black Maria 5819:Buffett Cup 5517:Crockford's 5486:Dallas Aces 5448:Other lists 5429:Switzerland 5399:New Zealand 5334:Netherlands 5030:Vienna coup 4951:Safety play 4770:Conventions 4731:Polish Club 4696:Carrot Club 4676:Boring Club 4600:Strong pass 4565:Psychic bid 4490:Forcing bid 4450:Bidding box 3872:15 November 3489:BridgeHands 3333:Gibson 1974 3285:Gibson 1974 3249:Gibson 1974 3138:Gibson 1974 3088:Gibson 1974 3020:Gibson 1974 2714:"Furniture" 2390:Online play 1798:Matchpoints 1679:discourages 1551:opening bid 1532:Cappelletti 1424:Milton Work 1204:Polish Club 1188:conventions 1118:bidding box 1070:duplicating 1056:Tournaments 892:Vulnerable 338:Crimean War 193:tournaments 75:probability 7682:Categories 7467:Trischettn 7348:Kein Stich 7289:Doppelkopf 7204:Mulatschak 7135:Zwanzig ab 7080:Sheepshead 7065:Préférence 6853:Svängknack 6833:Marjapussi 6823:Hindersche 6697:Spoil Five 6540:Hucklebuck 6438:Black lady 6242:Magazines: 5933:Marcus Cup 5733:Venice Cup 5537:Savoy Club 5209:Rule of 11 5025:Trump coup 4741:Roman Club 4635:Zar Points 4615:Two suiter 4595:Stolen bid 4535:Minor suit 4530:Major suit 4361:Minibridge 3777:RealBridge 3697:4 November 2560:References 2511:Spoil Five 2496:Rex Bridge 2422:RealBridge 2409:GOTO Games 1943:8 3 1925:A 6 1882:9 6 1876:A 2 1837:Q 3 1811:J 3 1800:South in 4 1683:encourages 1622:(bids of 4 1602:(bids of 2 1566:(bids of 2 1440:Zar Points 1316: 763 1287:minor suit 1283:major suit 1078:mind sport 915:Redoubled 909:Undoubled 906:Redoubled 900:Undoubled 843:odd tricks 832:vulnerable 609:with cards 561:overtricks 369:solo whist 197:card games 7560:Tressette 7530:Botifarra 7472:Wallachen 7456:Sixty-six 7440:Schnapsen 7435:Schafkopf 7409:Ramscheln 7399:Quodlibet 7384:Mauscheln 7333:Grasobern 7215:Schnalzen 7209:Perlaggen 7075:Schwimmen 7060:Preferans 7005:Klaverjas 6985:Herzblatt 6980:Fünf dazu 6935:Bierlachs 6915:Bauerchen 6702:Stýrivolt 6583:Lanterloo 6545:Kachufool 6427:Bid whist 6406:All fours 6228:Magazines 6008:Reisinger 5491:Four Aces 5481:Blue Team 5294:Australia 5037:Squeezes: 4970:Bath coup 4826:Beer card 4799:Card play 4671:Blue Club 4286:Bridgette 3663:0362-4331 2744:USA Today 2723:31 August 2698:31 August 2647:Citations 2491:Quadrille 2476:Lanterloo 2461:Bridgette 2405:Funbridge 2350:Computers 2277:crossruff 2138:competing 2119:doubleton 2064:overcalls 1919: K 1796:Example 1 1534:, where 2 1487:Whether 1 1451:Blackwood 1244:The term 991:Duplicate 553:defenders 398:In 1904, 298:, in his 244:defenders 181:card game 110:Clockwise 16:Card game 7634:Category 7540:Briscola 7462:Sticheln 7284:Bolachen 7257:Bierkopf 7235:32 cards 7177:Brusbart 7153:36 cards 7055:Polignac 7040:Oma Skat 7030:Mistigri 7025:Marjolet 7000:Klammern 6940:Brandeln 6892:32 cards 6873:Viersche 6863:Tarabish 6838:Rutersju 6765:36 cards 6665:Sheng ji 6655:Rödskägg 6634:Polskpas 6618:Pinochle 6593:Napoleon 6577:Knüffeln 6572:Köpknack 6530:Gong Zhu 6505:Cucumber 6362:52 cards 6038:Spingold 5409:Pakistan 5314:Bulgaria 4916:Uppercut 4896:Shooting 4706:Fantunes 4545:Overcall 4500:Game try 4234:Overview 4083:(2012). 4050:49606900 4010:Archived 3997:(2016). 3984:Archived 3971:(2014). 3897:29 March 3757:29 March 3567:BBC News 3546:Archived 3521:Archived 3426:Archived 2868:"Bridge" 2850:Archived 2793:(2006). 2775:29 March 2749:29 March 2663:(1980). 2528:See also 2418:reviews. 2289:discards 2153:declarer 2099:inviting 2090:game try 2073:supports 1667:Discards 1480:cue bids 1306: 7 1139:Strategy 1062:randomly 1012:movement 794:redouble 762:no trump 557:no trump 522:no trump 518:contract 444:Overview 439:Gameplay 292:Rabelais 232:contract 226:) in an 183:using a 7602:Chratze 7520:Aluette 7511:Spanish 7507:Italian 7451:Sedmice 7353:Lampeln 7338:Herzeln 7269:Blattla 7263:Binokel 7198:Kratzen 7140:Zwicken 7105:Solo 66 7045:Pilotta 7020:Manille 7010:Letzter 6955:Coinche 6950:Chouine 6930:Bezique 6878:Voormsi 6868:Trekort 6750:Zwikken 6714:Tarneeb 6608:Oh hell 6588:Mizerka 6510:Femkort 6483:Clabber 5665:General 5374:Ireland 5364:Hungary 5359:Germany 5349:Fiction 5344:England 5329:Denmark 5309:Britain 5299:Austria 5256:General 4946:Finesse 4861:Hold up 4846:Endplay 4809:General 4726:Moscito 4644:Systems 4550:Preempt 4480:Cue bid 4433:General 4423:Bidding 4401:Vugraph 4331:Goulash 4296:Chicago 4244:General 3476:29 June 3435:29 July 2940:31 July 2892:29 July 2255:cashing 2182:finesse 2174:If the 1948:♣ 1940:♦ 1932:♥ 1922:♠ 1907:♣ 1901:♣ 1893:♦ 1887:♦ 1879:♥ 1873:♥ 1865:♠ 1842:♠ 1834:♣ 1826:♦ 1818:♥ 1808:♠ 1782:Example 1674:Signals 1670:played. 1644:forcing 1471:Stayman 1411:called 1384:penalty 1351:⁄ 1247:preempt 1235:Stayman 1211:natural 1144:Bidding 870:⁄ 862:overall 820:Scoring 626:Auction 620:"board" 596:screens 565:doubled 514:auction 407:and a 7 353:biritch 327:biritch 322:Biritch 228:auction 201:seniors 176:, is a 130:⁄ 67:tactics 55:Players 7555:Julepe 7535:Brisca 7525:Bestia 7477:Watten 7424:Rumpel 7414:Ramsen 7404:Ramsch 7389:Mucken 7374:Mariáš 7363:Lupfen 7343:Herzla 7328:Gilten 7314:(2x24) 7312:Gaigel 7307:Elfern 7291:(2x24) 7265:(2x24) 7192:Jaggln 7171:Bieten 7125:Tuppen 7120:Toepen 7115:Tippen 7050:Piquet 6990:Kaiser 6975:Fipsen 6970:Euchre 6960:Écarté 6925:Belote 6905:Baloot 6719:Thunee 6692:Spades 6660:Shelem 6640:Priffe 6620:(2x24) 6535:Hearts 6494:Chlust 6468:Bridge 6463:Bourré 6458:Boston 6453:Bonken 6156:Books: 5434:Taiwan 5424:Sweden 5419:Russia 5414:Poland 5404:Norway 5394:Monaco 5389:Mexico 5379:Israel 5354:France 5319:Canada 5304:Brazil 5219:Signal 4958:Coups: 4939:Basic: 4886:Revoke 4376:Screen 4128: 4095: 4069: 4048: 4038: 3948:27 May 3922:27 May 3863:"Home" 3847:27 May 3822:27 May 3782:27 May 3661: 3602: 3401: 2809: 2671: 2665:Bridge 2578:table. 2506:Spades 2466:Euchre 2310:K and 2282:claims 2259:master 2251:covers 2239:enters 2067:with 1 1969:South 1915:Lead: 1618:) and 1044:Online 1029:Rubber 789:double 646:South 543:, and 502:spades 421:scores 394:, 1942 248:scored 238:, the 236:played 203:. 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