714:, based on recent reconstructions of Old Chinese phonology, epigraphic evidence, and syntactic considerations. For example, 非 has been proposed to be a contraction of 不 (bù) + 唯/隹 (wéi/zhuī). These contractions are not generally graphically evident, nor is there a general rule for how a character representing a contraction might be formed. As a result, the identification of a character as a contraction, as well as the word(s) that are proposed to have been contracted, are sometimes disputed.
3781:
synonyms (but alternatives to the compound may exist). May be considered idiomatic, though the meaning of most were transparent when coined. Many are usually written hyphenated, but this reflects a common preference to hyphenate
English compounds (except verbs) containing prepositions. "Fixed" being a matter of degree, in this case it essentially means "standard"—that the contraction is not considered informal is the best sign that it is fixed.
999:
person object)' or 此 '(near demonstrative)' in pre-Qin texts. Instead, the respective 'contractions' 爰/焉, 云, and 然 are always used in their place. Nevertheless, no known object pronoun is phonologically appropriate to serve as the hypothetical pronoun that had undergone contraction. Hence, many authorities do not consider them to be true contractions. As an alternative explanation for their origin,
2905:
2474:
2208:
1312:
52:
1724:, the preposition את (/ʔet/), which indicates a definite direct object, and the definite article prefix -ה (/ha-/) are often contracted to 'ת (/ta-/) when the former immediately precedes the latter. Thus ראיתי את הכלב (/ʁaˈʔiti ʔet haˈkelev/, "I saw the dog") may become ראיתי ת'כלב (/ʁaˈʔiti taˈkelev/).
3046:
Because of the many dialects of
Norwegian and their widespread use it is often difficult to distinguish between non-standard writing of standard Norwegian and eye dialect spelling. It is almost universally true that these spellings try to convey the way each word is pronounced, but it is rare to see
2838:
for local dialects of German, hence writing is left to a great extent to authors and their publishers. Outside quotations, at least, they usually pay little attention to print more than the most commonly spoken contractions, so as not to degrade their readability. The use of apostrophes to indicate
1168:
Informal
Belgian Dutch utilizes a wide range of non-standard contractions, such as, for example, "hoe's't" (from "hoe is het?" - how are you?), "hij's d'r" (from "hij is daar" - he's there), "w'ebbe' goe' g'ete'" (from "we hebben goed gegeten" - we had eaten well) and "wa's da'?" (from "wat is dat?"
998:
The particles 爰, 焉, 云, and 然 ending in n] behave as the grammatical equivalents of a verb (or coverb) followed by 之 'him; her; it (third person object)' or a similar demonstrative pronoun in the object position. In fact, 于/於 '(is) in; at', 曰 'say', and 如 'resemble' are never followed by 之 '(third
3780:
Fixed compound is a word phrase used grammatically as a noun or other part of speech (but in this case not a verb) where the phrase is invariant and widely understood. The phrase does not change no matter where it occurs in a sentence or elsewhere, nor can individual elements be substituted with
717:
As vernacular
Chinese dialects use sets of function words that differ considerably from Classical Chinese, almost all classical contractions listed below are now archaic and have disappeared from everyday use. However, modern contractions have evolved from these new vernacular function words.
2969:
spelling; however, it is fairly common to shorten or contract words in spoken language. Yet, the commonness varies from dialect to dialect and from sociolect to sociolect—it depends on the formality etc. of the setting. Some common, and quite drastic, contractions found in
Norwegian speech are
2970:"jakke" for "jeg har ikke", meaning "I do not have" and "dække" for "det er ikke", meaning "there is not". The most frequently used of these contractions—usually consisting of two or three words contracted into one word, contain short, common and often
2729:
was created, do use contractions usually more frequently than German, but varying widely between different local languages. The informally spoken German contractions are observed almost everywhere, most often accompanied by additional ones, such as
3660:
In
Filipino, most contractions need other words to be contracted correctly. Only words that end with vowels can make a contraction with words like "at" and "ay." In this chart, the "@" represents any vowel.
3531:). These are fully integrated into the language now, and are not generally thought of as contractions; however in formal writing (e.g., literature, news articles, or technical/scientific writing), である (
2790:
has as his catchphrase "Schau mer mal" ("Schauen wir einmal" - in
English "We shall see."). A book about his career had as its title the slightly longer version of the phrase, "Schau'n Mer Mal".
2194:
The direct object pronouns "lo" and "la" may also contract to form "l'" with a form of "avere", such as "L'ho comprato" - "I have bought it", or "L'abbiamo vista" - "We have seen her".
2187:
of the principal word, as in "Com'era bello!" – "How handsome he / it was!", "Dov'è il tuo amico?" – "Where's your friend?" The same is often true of other words of similar form, e.g.
1720:, the prepositional prefixes -בְּ /bə-/ 'in' and -לְ /lə-/ 'to' contract with the definite article prefix -ה (/ha-/) to form the prefixes -ב /ba/ 'in the' and -ל /la/ 'to the'. In
3467:) to make a colloquial word with a meaning along the lines of "sort of", but that can be used with almost no meaning. Its usage is as a filler word is similar to English "like."
664:, whereas clitics are not limited to particular categories or subcategories; (ii) that, again unlike contractions, their forms are not rule-governed but idiosyncratic (e.g.,
3794:
as the pronoun when addressing a single person or group), there may be times when a speaker wants to make clear that they are addressing multiple people by employing
3051:. Reasons for this include words spelled unphonemically, ignorance of conventional spelling rules, or adaptation for better transcription of that dialect's phonemes.
3039:, being present in the example, is especially common in speech in many areas of Norway , but plays out in different ways, as does elision of word-final phonemes like
702:. Contractions, in which one glyph represents two or more morphemes, are a notable exception to this rule. About twenty or so are noted to exist by traditional
2538:, contractions are common and much more numerous than those in Spanish. Several prepositions regularly contract with certain articles and pronouns. For instance,
3925:
3746:
774:
In some rarer cases 諸 can also be contraction for 有之乎. 諸 can be used on its own with the meaning of "all, the class of", as in 諸侯 "the feudal lords."
231:, whereas a portmanteau word is formed by combining two or more existing words that all relate to a singular concept that the portmanteau describes.
3478:), which is used at the end of statements to show the speaker's belief or opinion, often when it is contrary to that of the listener, e.g., いいじゃん！ (
3010:. The use of the apostrophe (') is much less common than in English, but is sometimes used in contractions to show where letters have been dropped.
2811:
have built contraction patterns involving long phrases and entire sentences. In speech, words are often concatenated, and frequently the process of
837:
Rare. The prepositions 於, 于, and 乎 are of different origin, but used interchangeably (except that 乎 can also be used as a final question particle).
2692:, etc. are also used, but would be considered to be incorrect if written, except maybe in quoted direct speech, in appropriate context and style.
254:
for "I am", and sometimes other changes as well. These contractions are common in speech and in informal writing, but tend to be avoided in more
2926:
2495:
2229:
1333:
69:
4053:
3994:
3934:
3013:
In extreme cases, long, entire sentences may be written as one word. An example of this is "Det ordner seg av seg selv" in standard written
3986:
3071:
meaning "I want"). Similarly this is observed in the first person plural and third person plural forms (nolumus and nolunt respectively).
3508:) to show the speaker's annoyance at the listener's failure to listen to, remember, or heed what the speaker has said, e.g., もういいってば！ (
3858:
2952:
2521:
2255:
1359:
135:
678:); and (iii) that, as shown in the table, the inflected and "uncontracted" versions may require different positions in a sentence.
116:
88:
223:
and a contraction by noting that contractions are formed from words that would otherwise appear together in sequence, such as
195:
functions, though all three are connoted by the term "abbreviation" in layman’s terms. Contraction is also distinguished from
2930:
2499:
2233:
1337:
73:
440:
95:
4111:
2774:, which are schematically applied to all word or combinations of similar sound. (One must remember, however, that German
40:
691:
3429:* this abbreviation is never used in the polite conjugation, to avoid the resultant ambiguity between an abbreviated
2915:
2484:
2417:
Though not strictly a contraction, a special form is used when combining con with mí, ti, or sí, which is written as
2218:
1322:
102:
4015:
1515:("of"). Unlike with English contractions, however, these contractions are mandatory: one would never say (or write)
470:
2934:
2919:
2503:
2488:
2414:(which is); etc. including with common words, like d'ome (d'home/d'homme) instead de ome (home/homme), and so on.
2237:
2222:
1341:
1326:
62:
84:
3637:
196:
4106:
3850:
3806:
would never be used. (The contraction is a strong sign of an
English variety that normally marks plurality.)
661:
4101:
3040:
1011:
675:
668:
3736:
3613:), is more common in literature. The non-contracted forms are generally used as a means to accentuate.
3048:
901:
727:
199:
4069:
3566:
also use their own specific contractions that are often unintelligible to speakers of other dialects.
3978:
2847:
In standard
Indonesian, there are no contractions applied, although Indonesian contractions exist in
2839:
omissions is a varying and considerably less frequent process than in
English-language publications.
2645:
1007:
1000:
422:
3448:) when it is used to indicate obligation. It is often used without an auxiliary, e.g., 行かなきゃ（いけない） (
2609:
Another contraction in Portuguese that is similar to English ones is the combination of the pronoun
718:
Modern contractions appear in all the major modern dialect groups. For example, 别 (bié) 'don't' in
3895:
3761:
2804:
2535:
168:
3950:
3920:
3874:
3751:
2966:
687:
452:
is borderline); informal otherwise, as in "cup o' coffee", "barrel o' monkeys", "Land o' Goshen"
109:
28:
2594:(his, her). In addition, some verb forms contract with enclitic object pronouns: e.g., the verb
1378:
710:(兼詞, lit. 'concurrent words'), while more words have been proposed to be contractions by recent
506:) has plurality marked in some varieties of English (e.g. Southern U.S.) by combining with e.g.
428:
3578:
pronouns have contracted forms that are more prevalent in their colloquial usage. Examples are
4049:
4023:
3990:
3930:
3916:
3854:
3563:
3543:
2787:
2763:
2649:
1765:
730:甭 (béng) 'needn't' is both a phonological and graphical contraction of 不用 (bùyòng). Finally,
4041:
3625:
3554:) in less formal speech, and further clipped in specifically younger women's speech to あたし (
3455:
Other times, contractions are made to create new words or to give added or altered meaning:
2848:
2812:
2793:
Such features are found in all central and southern language regions. A sample from Berlin:
2268:
1733:
1499:("the"; or "he", "she", "it" before a verb or after an imperative verb and before the word
1395:
719:
239:
4019:
3621:
3575:
2726:
2725:
of German, and various local languages that usually were already used long before today's
2642:
1684:
1674:
1664:
1651:
1373:
3844:
434:
3059:
Latin contains several examples of contractions. One such case is preserved in the verb
255:
4045:
545:
4095:
4070:"Direct Object Pronouns in Italian: A Complete Guide to These Important Little Words"
3633:
3031:
3006:
2706:(usually written with the apostrophe) in certain contexts. For example, the greeting
1721:
1717:
900:弗 and 勿 were originally not contractions, but were reanalyzed as contractions in the
24:
3047:
language written that does not adhere to at least some of the rules of the official
526:
3629:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2976:
2722:
1402:
1004:
723:
176:
4082:
3118:), certain auxiliary verbs and their derivations are often abbreviated. Examples:
3017:, meaning "It will sort itself out" could become "dånesæsæsjæl" (note the letters
2982:
3026:
2904:
2835:
2808:
2473:
2207:
2073:
1736:, prepositions merge with direct articles in predictable ways. The prepositions
1588:
1311:
703:
418:
414:
220:
210:
180:
51:
2386:(that, masc.) is the only survivor of the first pattern; the personal pronouns
3731:
3726:
3036:
653:
247:
215:
206:
36:
1552:
It is also mandatory to avoid the repetition of a sound when the conjunction
3756:
731:
726:
is a contraction of 勿要 (wù yào), as is apparent graphically. Similarly, in
3014:
2676:. Some of these are so common that they are mandatory. In informal speech,
2271:
has two mandatory phonetic contractions between prepositions and articles:
4012:
3816:
3649:
2971:
2395:
711:
695:
192:
188:
157:
2076:
are no longer very commonly used. However, there's a difference between
3741:
2359:
2311:
1635:
1591:
are also mandatorily merged with masculine and plural direct articles:
1407:
1376:
has a variety of contractions, similar to English but mandatory, as in
243:
184:
20:
3632:, includes some verbal suffixes that are actually contracted forms of
2460:, but these forms are only considered appropriate in informal speech.
3595:
649:
172:
161:
32:
3790:
In varieties that do not normally mark plurality (so use unmodified
2342:(of him) etc.; and the feminine article before words beginning with
694:) is well suited for the (almost) one-to-one correspondence between
258:(with limited exceptions, such as the now standard form "o'clock").
3063:(I am unwilling/do not want), which was formed by a contraction of
3644:(sell-manage, "manage to sell") is usually written and pronounced
2626:
2112:
are nowadays rare in the written language, but common in speaking.
1447:(conjunction, relative pronoun, or interrogative pronoun "that"),
699:
35:. For the linguistic function of pronouncing vowels together, see
19:
This article is about grammar of modern languages, which involves
1411:(schwa) will contract if the following word begins with a vowel,
3022:
3018:
2558:(masculine and feminine forms of "the" respectively), producing
1639:
310:/wɪər/ or /wɛər/ is, in most cases, pronounced differently from
153:
3846:
New Hart's Rules: The handbook of style for writers and editors
3512:), "I already told you I don't want to talk about it anymore!".
2965:
The use of contractions is not allowed in any form of standard
2898:
2467:
2201:
1305:
45:
2362:
sets of demonstrative pronouns originated as contractions of
1423:
is silent and absorbed by the sound of the succeeding vowel;
379:
informal, as in "We'd get in trouble if we broke the door."
152:
is a shortened version of the spoken and written forms of a
1463:("himself", "herself", "itself", "oneself" before a verb),
1394:("that is"). The formation of these contractions is called
2629:
that means "Alb star", as a reference to its brightness);
1541:
respectively after an imperative verb and before the word
722:
is a contraction of 不要 (bùyào), while 覅 (fiào) 'don't' in
3114:
When used after verbs ending in the conjunctive form ～て (
2310:
Other contractions were common in writing until the 17th
2084:, which are old-fashioned, and the other contractions of
363:
informal, e.g. "He'd already left." or "We'd better go."
261:
The main contractions are listed in the following table.
3550:) in very formal speech, but commonly contracted to わたし(
2123:, however it is no longer in very common (written) use.
2398:
texts, unstressed words very often appear contracted:
1692:. It is also common in informal contexts to contract
164:, created by omission of internal letters and sounds.
3929:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 91.
2786:, with the same meaning.) The Munich-born footballer
2441:(with himself/herself/itself/themselves (themself).)
3648:, with the two words forming a contraction and the
2621:
for an apostrophe and joining both words. Examples:
3103:). In certain grammatical contexts the particle の (
971:Also written 耶. Probably a dialectal variant of 與.
242:has a number of contractions, mostly involving the
76:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3523:) are older contractions that originate from である (
3493:) to give a more informal or noncommittal feeling.
2795:Sag einmal, Meister, kann man hier einmal hinein?
3590:(unless it is used as a possessive pronoun) and
1564:("they"), which begin with the same vowel sound
1439:(demonstrative pronoun "that"), these words are
325:informal, as in "What's he do there every day?"
4083:http://nkjp.pl/settings/papers/NKJP_ksiazka.pdf
3079:Some contractions in rapid speech include ～っす (
1764:combine with the various forms of the definite
352:informal, as in "I've never done this before."
3414:
3402:
3388:
3376:
3362:
3350:
3327:
3306:
3283:
3262:
3239:
3218:
3199:
3182:
3159:
3138:
2710:is usually encountered in the contracted form
2648:, one can often merge the preposition and the
2179:are contracted with any word that begins with
4008:
4006:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3926:The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
1638:may sometimes be contracted onto a following
1169:- what is that?. Some of these contractions:
652:form) nor part of one but instead a negative
8:
3485:The commonly used particle-verb phrase という (
2167:un problema" – There is a problem
1655:, "I don't know") may be pronounced roughly
1023:Some of the contractions in standard Dutch:
1003:proposed that the ending is derived from a
734:contracts 乜嘢 (mat1 ye5) 'what?' to 咩 (me1).
202:, where beginnings and endings are omitted.
3747:List of common English usage misconceptions
2933:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2766:features several more contractions such as
2762:depending on local intonation preferences.
2502:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2236:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2119:was often used before words beginning with
1340:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
219:), but a distinction can be made between a
171:, contractions should not be confused with
3504:) mentioned above, is contracted to ～ってば (
390:informal, as in "they'll call you later."
341:informal, as in "She's been here before."
333:informal, as in "He's driving right now."
2953:Learn how and when to remove this message
2617:, resulting in changing the first letter
2522:Learn how and when to remove this message
2394:(pl. you) are remnants of the second. In
2256:Learn how and when to remove this message
1533:(informal "you") mandatorily contract to
1487:(informal singular "you" before a verb),
1360:Learn how and when to remove this message
136:Learn how and when to remove this message
4040:. Harvard University Press. p. 10.
4036:Battista, J. L. (1929). "Contractions".
3663:
3120:
2718:Local languages in German-speaking areas
1801:
1171:
1025:
741:
568:
488:, the original dative and accusative of
409:standard in some fixed compounds, as in
263:
3835:
3773:
2318:+ personal and demonstrative pronouns:
738:Table of Classical Chinese contractions
398:informal, as in "I'll call you later."
3802:, etc.)—in which case the contraction
3489:) is often contracted to ～って／～て／～っつー (
656:suffix. Evidence for this is (i) that
514:— in which case it likely is standard
510:, which is then usually contracted to
2550:) combine with the definite articles
1683:
1673:
1663:
1650:
468:archaic, except in stock uses such as
7:
3987:University of British Columbia Press
3983:Outline of Classical Chinese Grammar
3463:) "something" is contracted to なんか (
2931:adding citations to reliable sources
2598:(to love) combines with the pronoun
2500:adding citations to reliable sources
2234:adding citations to reliable sources
1338:adding citations to reliable sources
246:of a vowel (which is replaced by an
74:adding citations to reliable sources
3822:to indicate ungrammatical examples.
1052:Genitive form of the Dutch article
578:in a negative closed interrogative
1627:(demonstrative pronoun "that") to
371:informal, as in "Where'd she go?"
14:
4046:10.4159/harvard.9780674188853.c13
4013:Old Chinese reconstruction search
3474:) "is not" is contracted to じゃん (
2851:. Many of these contractions are
2799:Samma, Meesta, kamma hier ma rin?
644:clearly started as contractions,
563:informal, as in "Fish n' chips."
284:informal, as in "Let's do this."
3500:), the conditional form of という (
2903:
2825:Lass mich gehen, habe ich gesagt
2472:
2206:
1672:being completely elided and the
1310:
686:The Old Chinese writing system (
648:is now neither a contraction (a
471:'Twas the night before Christmas
50:
3843:Roberts R; et al. (2005).
3586:. The non-contracted forms are
2366:(here) + pronoun, or pronoun +
1634:In informal speech, a personal
551:Why did you do it? Just 'cause.
61:needs additional citations for
2625:(A popular phrase to refer to
2088:, which are frankly obsolete.
2061:are mandatory, but those with
1623:. However, the contraction of
587:suffix of, the auxiliary verb
187:), with which they share some
16:Shortening of words or phrases
1:
4038:Essentials of Italian Grammar
3896:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
3875:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
3704:Informal. as in "Isa'n libo"
3544:first-person singular pronoun
3444:) can be contracted to ～なきゃ (
3107:) is contracted to simply ん (
3099:) is often contracted to じゃ (
3025:, and the word "sjæl", as an
2834:Mostly, there are no binding
2578:contracts with the pronouns
585:After, or as an inflectional
295:informal, as in "I'm here."
41:Contraction (disambiguation)
31:of two vowels into one, see
2155:(both meaning "there is").
1010:marker which later took on
988:夫 has many other meanings.
4128:
2778:exists alongside Bavarian
2574:(by the). The preposition
1631:is optional and informal.
804:於之 is never used; only 焉.
85:"Contraction" grammar
18:
3535:) is used in place of だ (
3415:
3403:
3389:
3377:
3363:
3351:
3328:
3308:～でしまう／～でしまった／～でしまいます／etc.
3307:
3284:
3264:～てしまう／～てしまった／～てしまいます／etc.
3263:
3240:
3219:
3200:
3183:
3160:
3139:
2287:(not to be confused with
1722:colloquial Israeli Hebrew
484:informal, partially from
408:
405:
386:
359:
321:
532:I'll come by 'bout noon.
3851:Oxford University Press
2613:with words starting in
2314:, the most usual being
2139:, to be) and the words
1382:("That's life"), where
640:and other forms ending
549:is very informal, e.g.
209:overlaps with the term
3546:私 is pronounced わたくし (
3329:～じゃう／～じゃった／～じゃいます／etc.
3285:～ちゃう／～ちゃった／～ちゃいます／etc.
3220:～ておく／～ておいた／～ておきます／etc.
3030:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2444:Finally, one can hear
1700:before a vowel, e.g.,
1556:("if") is followed by
1479:("me" before a verb),
544:
525:
39:. For other uses, see
3815:This article uses an
3737:Clipping (morphology)
2646:prepositional phrases
2586:(he, she), producing
1803:Italian contractions
1682:being mixed with the
937:胡 is a variant of 何.
902:Warring States period
23:. For contraction in
4112:Syntactic categories
3979:Edwin G. Pulleyblank
3594:, respectively. The
3564:dialects of Japanese
3515:The common words だ (
3482:) "What, it's fine!"
3140:～ている／～ていた／～ています／etc.
2927:improve this section
2641:In informal, spoken
2496:improve this section
2303:or, more literally,
2230:improve this section
2147:are contracted into
1334:improve this section
625:Will you n't attend?
607:Will you not attend?
602:Will not you attend?
502:2nd person pronoun (
70:improve this article
4026:'s reconstructions.
3921:Pullum, Geoffrey K.
3762:Syncope (phonetics)
3601:, which stands for
3241:～とく／～といた／～ときます／etc.
2829:Lomejon haschjesaat
2807:dialects along the
2805:West Central German
2699:often contracts to
1804:
1576:("if it", if he");
706:, and are known as
579:
250:in writing), as in
169:linguistic analysis
4072:. 13 January 2020.
4018:2011-12-03 at the
3917:Huddleston, Rodney
3752:Poetic contraction
3452:) "I have to go."
3440:The ending ～なければ (
3433:(go) and the verb
2883:("a moment"), and
2433:(with you sing.),
2406:(all the, masc.),
2334:(of that, masc.),
2326:(of these, fem.),
2096:are still common;
2041:Contractions with
1802:
1652:[ʒənəsɛpa]
1431:). In addition to
728:Northeast Mandarin
688:oracle bone script
590:After the subject
569:
530:is informal, e.g.
4055:978-0-674-18885-3
4024:William H. Baxter
3996:978-0-7748-0505-6
3936:978-0-521-43146-0
3820:⟨*⟩
3718:
3717:
3640:). For instance,
3450:ikanakya (ikenai)
3427:
3426:
3161:～てる／～てた／～てます／etc.
2963:
2962:
2955:
2788:Franz Beckenbauer
2723:Regional dialects
2532:
2531:
2524:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2038:
2037:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1299:
1298:
1166:
1165:
992:
991:
720:Standard Mandarin
692:bronzeware script
660:occurs only with
630:
629:
619:Won't you attend?
567:
566:
423:cat o' nine tails
146:
145:
138:
120:
4119:
4086:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4033:
4027:
4010:
4001:
4000:
3975:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3840:
3823:
3821:
3813:
3807:
3788:
3782:
3778:
3664:
3656:Filipino/Tagalog
3418:
3417:
3406:
3405:
3392:
3391:
3380:
3379:
3366:
3365:
3354:
3353:
3331:
3330:
3310:
3309:
3287:
3286:
3266:
3265:
3243:
3242:
3222:
3221:
3203:
3202:
3186:
3185:
3184:～ていく／～ていった／etc.*
3163:
3162:
3142:
3141:
3133:Transliteration
3127:Transliteration
3121:
3042:
2958:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2938:
2907:
2899:
2849:Indonesian slang
2817:kriegst Du nicht
2703:
2527:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2476:
2468:
2382:etc. The modern
2261:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2241:
2210:
2202:
1805:
1687:
1677:
1667:
1662:
1654:
1649:
1560:("he", "it") or
1401:In general, any
1365:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1314:
1306:
1172:
1026:
1015:
954:Also written 歟.
754:Transliteration
748:Transliteration
742:
677:
670:
580:
264:
141:
134:
130:
127:
121:
119:
78:
54:
46:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4081:
4077:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4056:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4020:Wayback Machine
4011:
4004:
3997:
3977:
3976:
3965:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3937:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3861:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3826:
3819:
3814:
3810:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3775:
3770:
3723:
3658:
3626:Turkic language
3619:
3576:Polish language
3572:
3077:
3057:
2959:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2924:
2908:
2897:
2859:("thank you"),
2845:
2768:gesund sind wir
2764:Bavarian German
2727:Standard German
2720:
2701:
2652:; for example,
2639:
2606:(to love her).
2528:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2493:
2477:
2466:
2262:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2227:
2211:
2200:
2183:, deleting the
1730:
1714:
1660:
1647:
1642:. For example,
1405:word ending in
1374:French language
1366:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1331:
1315:
1304:
1107:
1021:
994:
684:
662:auxiliary verbs
586:
450:mother-o'-pearl
446:run-o'-the-mill
429:jack-o'-lantern
237:
142:
131:
125:
122:
79:
77:
67:
55:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4125:
4123:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4107:Types of words
4104:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4087:
4075:
4061:
4054:
4028:
4002:
3995:
3963:
3942:
3935:
3908:
3887:
3866:
3859:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3808:
3783:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3657:
3654:
3634:compound verbs
3618:
3615:
3571:
3568:
3560:
3559:
3540:
3527:) and でございます (
3513:
3494:
3491:-tte/-te/-ttsū
3483:
3468:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3412:
3407:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3386:
3381:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3360:
3355:
3347:
3346:
3332:
3325:
3322:-de shimaimasu
3311:
3303:
3302:
3288:
3281:
3278:-te shimaimasu
3267:
3259:
3258:
3244:
3237:
3223:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3201:～てく／～てった／etc.*
3197:
3187:
3179:
3178:
3164:
3157:
3143:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3124:Original form
3076:
3073:
3056:
3053:
2961:
2960:
2911:
2909:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2844:
2841:
2719:
2716:
2638:
2635:
2633:(water tank).
2623:Estrela d'alva
2602:(her), giving
2546:(by; formerly
2530:
2529:
2480:
2478:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2452:, deriving as
2264:
2263:
2214:
2212:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2169:
2168:
2125:
2124:
2113:
2070:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1729:
1726:
1713:
1710:
1665:[ʃɛpa]
1644:je ne sais pas
1368:
1367:
1318:
1316:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1020:
1017:
990:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
973:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
956:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
939:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
922:
921:
919:
916:
913:
910:
906:
905:
898:
895:
892:
889:
885:
884:
882:
879:
876:
873:
869:
868:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
853:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
806:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
789:
786:
783:
780:
776:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
759:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
740:
739:
683:
680:
628:
627:
621:
616:
610:
609:
604:
598:
592:
591:
588:
583:
565:
564:
561:
558:
554:
553:
542:
539:
535:
534:
523:
520:
516:
515:
500:
497:
493:
492:
482:
479:
475:
474:
466:
463:
459:
458:
454:
453:
407:
404:
400:
399:
396:
392:
391:
388:
385:
381:
380:
377:
373:
372:
369:
365:
364:
361:
358:
354:
353:
350:
347:
343:
342:
339:
335:
334:
331:
327:
326:
323:
320:
316:
315:
304:
301:
297:
296:
293:
290:
286:
285:
282:
279:
275:
274:
271:
268:
256:formal writing
236:
233:
213:(a linguistic
144:
143:
58:
56:
49:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4124:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4102:Abbreviations
4100:
4099:
4097:
4084:
4079:
4076:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4057:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4009:
4007:
4003:
3998:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3952:
3946:
3943:
3938:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3909:
3897:
3891:
3888:
3876:
3870:
3867:
3862:
3860:0-19-861041-6
3856:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3839:
3836:
3829:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3784:
3777:
3774:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3655:
3653:
3652:into a or .
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3510:mō ii tte ba!
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3459:The word 何か (
3458:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3423:
3420:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3091:) for すみません (
3090:
3087:) and すいません (
3086:
3082:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2957:
2954:
2946:
2943:December 2020
2936:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2912:This section
2910:
2906:
2901:
2900:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:orthographies
2832:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2815:is used. So,
2814:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2797:is spoken as
2796:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2526:
2523:
2515:
2512:November 2020
2505:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2481:This section
2479:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2283:(of the) for
2282:
2278:
2275:(to the) for
2274:
2270:
2260:
2257:
2249:
2246:November 2020
2239:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2215:This section
2213:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2069:are optional.
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1718:Modern Hebrew
1711:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1658:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1584:("if they").
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1364:
1361:
1353:
1350:November 2020
1343:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1319:This section
1317:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1002:
997:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
974:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
957:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
940:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
907:
903:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
856:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
841:
840:
836:
833:
830:
827:
825:
824:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
807:
803:
800:
797:
794:
792:
791:
787:
784:
781:
778:
777:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
760:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
743:
737:
736:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
681:
679:
674:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
626:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
611:
608:
605:
603:
599:
597:
594:
593:
589:
584:
582:
581:
577:
573:
562:
559:
556:
555:
552:
548:
547:
543:
540:
537:
536:
533:
529:
528:
524:
521:
518:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
498:
495:
494:
491:
487:
483:
480:
477:
476:
473:
472:
467:
464:
461:
460:
456:
455:
451:
447:
443:
442:
437:
436:
431:
430:
425:
424:
420:
417:
416:
412:
402:
401:
397:
394:
393:
389:
383:
382:
378:
375:
374:
370:
367:
366:
362:
356:
355:
351:
348:
345:
344:
340:
337:
336:
332:
329:
328:
324:
318:
317:
313:
309:
305:
302:
299:
298:
294:
291:
288:
287:
283:
280:
277:
276:
272:
269:
266:
265:
262:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
234:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:
212:
208:
203:
201:
198:
197:morphological
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
177:abbreviations
174:
170:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
140:
137:
129:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87: –
86:
82:
81:Find sources:
75:
71:
65:
64:
59:This article
57:
53:
48:
47:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
25:Ancient Greek
22:
4078:
4064:
4037:
4031:
3982:
3954:. Retrieved
3945:
3924:
3911:
3899:. Retrieved
3890:
3878:. Retrieved
3869:
3845:
3838:
3811:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3786:
3776:
3659:
3645:
3641:
3638:serial verbs
3630:Central Asia
3620:
3610:
3606:
3605:(him) as in
3602:
3598:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3573:
3561:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3536:
3532:
3529:de gozaimasu
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3428:
3421:
3409:
3395:
3383:
3369:
3357:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3321:
3318:-de shimatta
3317:
3313:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3277:
3274:-te shimatta
3273:
3269:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3210:
3206:
3193:
3189:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3130:Contraction
3115:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3045:
3029:spelling of
3012:
2972:monosyllabic
2964:
2949:
2940:
2925:Please help
2913:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2853:terima kasih
2852:
2846:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2792:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2711:
2708:Wie geht es?
2707:
2700:
2696:
2695:The pronoun
2694:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2640:
2631:Caixa d'água
2630:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2518:
2509:
2494:Please help
2482:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2358:(the soul).
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2252:
2243:
2228:Please help
2216:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2160:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1715:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1669:
1668:), with the
1656:
1643:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1589:prepositions
1586:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1427:sounds like
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1403:monosyllabic
1400:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:C'est la vie
1377:
1371:
1356:
1347:
1332:Please help
1320:
1181:Translation
1167:
1053:
1035:Translation
1022:
1005:Sino-Tibetan
995:
993:
782:njᴀ tjə gaj
751:Contraction
724:Shanghainese
716:
707:
704:philologists
685:
672:
665:
657:
654:inflectional
645:
641:
637:
633:
631:
624:
618:
613:
606:
601:
595:
575:
571:
570:Position of
550:
531:
511:
507:
503:
489:
485:
469:
449:
445:
439:
435:will-o'-wisp
433:
427:
421:
413:
410:
311:
307:
260:
251:
238:
228:
224:
214:
204:
166:
149:
147:
132:
123:
113:
106:
99:
92:
80:
68:Please help
63:verification
60:
4022:containing
3800:both of you
3670:Contracted
3642:sëtip alidu
3234:-te okimasu
3049:orthography
3027:eye dialect
2974:words like
2827:may become
2819:may become
2809:Rhine River
2738:(sometimes
2712:Wie geht's?
2425:(with me),
2074:parentheses
1706:tu as mangé
1685:[s]
1675:[ʒ]
1529:("me") and
1386:stands for
1178:Contracted
1032:Contracted
1001:Pulleyblank
658:‑n't
646:‑n't
642:‑n't
576:‑n't
270:Contracted
221:portmanteau
211:portmanteau
183:(including
181:initialisms
150:contraction
29:coalescence
4096:Categories
3830:References
3727:Apostrophe
3667:Full form
3628:spoken in
3519:) and です (
3410:-nakute wa
3314:-de shimau
3270:-te shimau
3083:) for です (
3037:R-dropping
2891:("done").
2843:Indonesian
2772:xund samma
2566:(of the),
2536:Portuguese
2464:Portuguese
2299:, meaning
2291:, meaning
2171:The words
2127:The words
2115:Formerly,
1702:t'as mangé
1175:Full form
1029:Full form
1014:character.
812:tjə ʔrjan
745:Full form
650:cliticized
441:man o' war
306:informal;
267:Full form
248:apostrophe
207:definition
162:word group
96:newspapers
37:Synaeresis
3757:Synalepha
3646:sëtivaldu
3611:dla niego
3548:watakushi
3442:-nakereba
3299:-chaimasu
3255:-tokimasu
3154:-te imasu
3093:sumimasen
2967:Norwegian
2914:does not
2895:Norwegian
2875:("not"),
2867:("why"),
2821:Kressenit
2813:"liaison"
2770:becoming
2746:becoming
2744:haben wir
2734:becoming
2690:unter dem
2542:(of) and
2483:does not
2390:(we) and
2370:(other):
2217:does not
2135:(form of
2072:Words in
1768:, namely
1657:chais pas
1521:*que elle
1455:("not"),
1321:does not
1012:anaphoric
962:ljᴀjʔ ga
945:ljᴀjʔ ga
912:njə ljəʔ
859:wjot tjə
788:najs gaj
732:Cantonese
632:Although
4016:Archived
3981:(1995).
3923:(2002).
3817:asterisk
3721:See also
3650:leniting
3562:Various
3437:(come).
3422:-nakucha
3343:-jaimasu
3230:-te oita
3213:/ etc.*
3196:/ etc.*
3194:-te itta
3175:-te masu
3089:suimasen
3075:Japanese
3065:non volo
2877:sebentar
2803:Several
2672:becomes
2664:becomes
2656:becomes
2396:medieval
2392:vosotros
2388:nosotros
2332:de aquel
2324:de estas
2034:(pelle)
2005:(colle)
1587:Certain
1215:that is
891:mja tjə
875:pjə tjə
844:nja tjə
828:wja tjə
712:scholars
696:morpheme
638:wouldn't
538:because
200:clipping
193:phonetic
189:semantic
185:acronyms
158:syllable
126:May 2015
27:and the
3796:you all
3742:Elision
3709:~@ ang
3574:In the
3552:watashi
3506:-tte ba
3498:to ieba
3480:ii jan!
3431:ikimasu
3345:/ etc.
3324:/ etc.
3301:/ etc.
3295:-chatta
3280:/ etc.
3257:/ etc.
3236:/ etc.
3226:-te oku
3211:-te tta
3190:-te iku
3177:/ etc.
3156:/ etc.
3150:-te ita
3146:-te iru
3095:). では (
2935:removed
2920:sources
2857:makasih
2682:auf dem
2654:von dem
2650:article
2504:removed
2489:sources
2458:para el
2435:consigo
2427:contigo
2419:conmigo
2404:todo el
2380:estotro
2372:aqueste
2360:Several
2356:el alma
2352:la alma
2312:century
2269:Spanish
2238:removed
2223:sources
2198:Spanish
2031:(pegl')
2028:(pegli)
2022:(pell')
2019:(pella)
2016:(pello)
2002:(cogl')
1999:(cogli)
1993:(coll')
1990:(colla)
1987:(collo)
1973:(sugl')
1944:(negl')
1915:(degl')
1886:(dagl')
1766:article
1734:Italian
1728:Italian
1636:pronoun
1578:*si ils
1517:*ce est
1507:), and
1471:("I"),
1408:e caduc
1396:elision
1342:removed
1327:sources
1228:that I
1222:dat ik
1209:dat is
1160:such a
1154:zo een
979:pjə ga
928:ga pjə
795:ʔa tjə
765:tjə ga
682:Chinese
676:/woʊnt/
541:'cause
462:it was
457:of the
415:o'clock
314:/wɜr/.
278:let us
244:elision
240:English
235:English
110:scholar
21:elision
4085:(p.82)
4052:
3993:
3956:27 May
3933:
3901:27 May
3880:27 May
3857:
3712:~@'ng
3698:~@ ng
3688:~@ ay
3678:~@ at
3673:Notes
3622:Uyghur
3617:Uyghur
3596:clitic
3570:Polish
3556:atashi
3533:de aru
3525:de aru
3496:といえば (
3472:ja nai
3470:じゃない (
3461:nanika
3446:-nakya
3435:kimasu
3384:-de wa
3358:-te wa
3339:-jatta
3251:-toita
3207:-te ku
3171:-te ta
3167:-te ru
3015:Bokmål
2861:kenapa
2756:hemmer
2752:hammor
2748:hamwer
2732:in den
2686:unterm
2670:an das
2662:zu dem
2643:German
2637:German
2604:amá-la
2439:con sí
2431:con ti
2423:con mí
2412:que es
2376:aqueso
2368:otro/a
2354:, now
2348:l'alma
2328:daquel
2320:destas
2305:of him
2295:, and
2293:to him
2279:, and
2137:essere
2057:, and
1976:sulle
1947:nelle
1918:delle
1889:dalle
1857:(agl')
1712:Hebrew
1621:de les
1615:, and
1570:*si il
1302:French
1189:there
1067:a, an
1056:"the"
1008:aspect
821:Rare.
801:ʔrjan
757:Notes
708:jiāncí
546:'cause
522:'bout
519:about
465:'twas
395:shall
376:would
281:let's
273:Notes
173:crasis
112:
105:
98:
91:
83:
33:crasis
3804:y'all
3768:Notes
3732:Blend
3701:~@'n
3691:~@'y
3681:~@'t
3603:niego
3502:to iu
3487:to iu
3465:nanka
3416:～なくちゃ
3404:～なくては
3291:-chau
3247:-toku
3055:Latin
2885:sudah
2869:nggak
2823:, or
2782:, or
2760:hamma
2758:, or
2742:) or
2702:'
2668:, or
2627:Venus
2437:for *
2429:for *
2421:for *
2400:todol
2384:aquel
2340:de él
2297:de él
2285:de el
2189:quale
2110:colle
2106:cogli
2102:colla
2098:collo
2025:(pei)
2013:(pel)
1970:sugli
1964:sull'
1961:sulla
1958:sullo
1941:negli
1935:nell'
1932:nella
1929:nello
1912:degli
1906:dell'
1903:della
1900:dello
1883:dagli
1877:dall'
1874:dalla
1871:dallo
1860:alle
1828:(gl')
1613:de le
1605:à les
1582:s'ils
1384:c'est
1267:what
1225:da'k
1212:da's
1202:that
1184:Note
1157:zo'n
1141:zijn
1128:mijn
1074:haar
1038:Note
1019:Dutch
996:Note:
951:ljaʔ
918:njəʔ
897:mjət
881:pjət
865:wjən
850:njan
834:wjan
818:tjan
700:glyph
673:won't
669:/wɪl/
634:can't
527:'bout
512:y'all
478:them
448:(but
411:three
387:-'ll
384:will
349:-'ve
346:have
319:does
308:we're
303:-'re
289:I am
216:blend
160:, or
117:JSTOR
103:books
4050:ISBN
3991:ISBN
3958:2016
3951:"乜嘢"
3931:ISBN
3903:2016
3882:2016
3855:ISBN
3798:(or
3624:, a
3607:dlań
3592:jemu
3588:jego
3582:and
3542:The
3521:desu
3370:-cha
3335:-jau
3097:dewa
3085:desu
3081:-ssu
3069:volo
3061:nolo
3032:selv
3021:and
3007:ikke
2918:any
2916:cite
2865:napa
2736:in'n
2688:for
2680:for
2678:aufm
2596:amar
2592:dela
2588:dele
2582:and
2572:pela
2568:pelo
2554:and
2487:any
2485:cite
2456:for
2454:pa'l
2450:para
2448:for
2410:for
2408:ques
2402:for
2364:aquí
2350:for
2338:for
2330:for
2322:for
2289:a él
2277:a el
2221:any
2219:cite
2177:come
2175:and
2173:dove
2151:and
2143:and
2131:and
2108:and
2092:and
2080:and
2065:and
2010:per
1981:con
1854:agli
1848:all'
1845:alla
1842:allo
1795:and
1793:gl',
1760:and
1704:for
1690:sais
1661:IPA:
1648:IPA:
1640:verb
1625:cela
1619:for
1611:for
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