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may be constructed if the besieging army is threatened by a field army allied to an enemy fort. It is a second line of fortifications outside the contravallation that faces away from an enemy fort. The circumvallation protects the besiegers from attacks by allies of the city's defenders and enhances
2366:. During the second half of the battle, the complete investment of Stalingrad by the Soviets, including airspace, which prevented the construction by the Germans of an adequately large
2498:
If an attempt at relief from without was to be feared, another line of works must be created, outside the first, and facing outwards. In modern warfare this latter line is called the
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to prevent entry or escape. It serves both to cut communications with the outside world and to prevent supplies and reinforcements from being introduced.
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2441:. The surrounding or hemming in of a town or fort by a hostile force so as to cut off all communication with the outside; beleaguerment; blockade" (
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2358:, there were many sieges and many investments. One of the best-known sieges of the war, which demonstrated the tactical use of investment, was the
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2178:. The contravallation can be used as a base to launch assaults against the besieged city or to construct further earthworks nearer to the city.
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2362:. During the first half of the siege, the Germans were unable to fully encircle the city and so the Soviets got men and supplies in across the
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to surround the town completely. He built a complete set of lines of circumvallation and contravallation during the
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to prepare a huge host, comprising more than 100,000 troops and 1,800 ships, to take them to the
Byzantine capital,
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The basic objectives and tactics of a military investment have remained the same in the modern era. During the
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Siege
Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400–800 AD): Byzantium, the West and Islam
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Caesar's Army: A Study of the
Military Art of the Romans in the Last Days of the Republic
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1930:
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2018:
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309:
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35:
17:
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1955:
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1689:
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1549:
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1300:
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428:
395:
284:
2193:
Lines of contravallation and circumvallation generally consist of earthen
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3209:
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2170:
fortification facing towards an enemy fort to protect the besiegers from
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1965:
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1205:
823:
378:
252:
4312:
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3011:
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1960:
1724:
1558:
1554:
901:
886:
762:
423:
418:
388:
327:
289:
2522:
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2190:
of an enemy fort by making it more difficult to smuggle in supplies.
1507:
908:
725:
461:
2620:
2453:. Earlier version first published in New English Dictionary, 1900).
2425:
2370:, eventually forced the starving Germans in the city to surrender.
4875:
4374:
3915:
3910:
3248:
3173:
2525:. Earlier version first published in New English Dictionary, 1893.
2470:. Earlier version first published in New English Dictionary, 1889.
2253:
2229:
2208:
983:
519:
514:
131:
3361:
2824:
2819:
2252:
describes his textbook use of the circumvallation to defeat the
2152:
2148:
279:
274:
2624:
2536:
3953:
3945:
2655:
2166:
is a line of fortifications built by the attackers around the
152:
29:
136:
Reconstructed section of the investment fortifications at
2521:, n. Second edition, 1989; online version December 2011.
2466:, n. Second edition, 1989; online version December 2011.
2449:, n. Second edition, 1989; online version December 2011.
4868:
4843:
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4456:
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4283:
4159:
3944:
3883:
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3714:
3443:
3436:
3317:
3119:
2982:
2794:
2662:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2279:Another example from the pre-modern period is the
2213:Schematic view of the circumvallation during the
2306:, the Arab army had some knowledge that Emperor
2147:is the military process of surrounding an enemy
27:Military term for surrounding an enemy position
2636:
2338:built a number of fortified camps during his
2294:took advantage of the violent anarchy in the
2224:notes the role circumvallation played in the
2125:
8:
2486:, New York: Biblo & Tannen, p. 87,
2377:of cities are often combined with intensive
4707:
3440:
2643:
2629:
2621:
2132:
2118:
142:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
4466:List of military strategies and concepts
2582:
2570:
2558:
1096:List of military strategies and concepts
2418:
150:
2539:Commentaries on the Gallic War/Book 7
7:
4982:
2174:by its defenders and to enhance the
58:adding citations to reliable sources
4926:Idealism in international relations
2302:. Upon arriving outside the city's
2408:List of established military terms
2201:that encircle the besieged city.
25:
2373:In modern times, investments and
2323:, and so, in preparation for the
2281:Siege of Constantinople (717–718)
2236:during the initial stages of the
4981:
4971:
4970:
2598:Petersen, Leif Inge Ree (2013).
170:
34:
45:needs additional citations for
2249:Commentaries on the Gallic War
1:
5013:Ancient Roman siege warfare
4448:Operational manoeuvre group
2517:Oxford English Dictionary:
2480:Harry Pratt Judson (1961),
2462:Oxford English Dictionary:
1589:Military–industrial complex
1068:Operational manoeuvre group
5034:
4881:Peace and conflict studies
4770:Infantry fighting vehicles
3309:Front; Russian land forces
69:"Investment" military
4968:
4936:International cooperation
3906:Combat information center
3367:Infantry fighting vehicle
3149:Unified combatant command
2443:Oxford English Dictionary
1653:Loss-of-strength gradient
510:Combat information center
4851:Lists of wars by country
4293:List of military tactics
3411:Self-propelled artillery
3299:Special units by nation:
2742:Protocols and structure:
2502:, and the inner one the
1971:Military science fiction
1456:Technology and equipment
877:List of military tactics
4948:International relations
4941:Crimes against humanity
3588:Other infantry weapons:
3304:Battle Fleet; U.S. Navy
2875:Functional specialties:
2256:under their chieftain,
2039:Wartime sexual violence
1795:Full-spectrum dominance
1606:Supply-chain management
4916:Conscientious objector
3024:Special reconnaissance
2764:Awards and decorations
2344:Siege of Bourges (762)
2340:Siege of Bourbon (761)
2218:
1951:Awards and decorations
1924:Peace through strength
1899:Low-intensity conflict
1533:Conscientious objector
1406:Area of responsibility
140:
3936:Torpedo Data Computer
3926:Ship gun fire-control
2385:and extensive use of
2212:
543:Torpedo data computer
533:Ship gun fire-control
135:
4797:Specific modern wars
4745:Vehicles and weapons
4670:Military occupations
3269:Carrier strike group
2308:Leo III the Isaurian
2264:in September 52 BC.
2069:Military occupations
1904:Military engineering
1806:Unrestricted Warfare
1663:Force multiplication
561:Military manoeuvrers
54:improve this article
4960:Peace organizations
4423:Operations research
3901:Director (military)
3891:Fire-control system
2802:Command and control
2585:, pp. 730–731.
2561:, pp. 703–708.
2360:Siege of Stalingrad
2228:and in the Spartan
2226:Sicilian Expedition
1755:Penal military unit
1740:Rules of engagement
1416:Command and control
1041:Operations research
505:Director (military)
495:Fire-control system
265:Command and control
146:Part of a series on
4418:Military operation
4385:Tactical objective
3896:Fire-control radar
3812:Military equipment
3754:Anti-ship missiles
3106:Electronic-warfare
2969:Military maneuvers
2954:Combat occupations
2730:Commanding officer
2690:Occupational roles
2269:Siege of Jerusalem
2219:
1864:Counter-insurgency
1785:Command of the sea
1730:Jewish laws on war
1705:Geneva Conventions
1241:Divide and conquer
1036:Military operation
1001:Tactical objective
500:Fire-control radar
477:Electronic-warfare
141:
5018:Military strategy
4995:
4994:
4921:Anti-war movement
4864:
4863:
4856:Conflicts by time
4481:Counter-offensive
4471:Military campaign
4390:Target saturation
4340:Counterinsurgency
3989:International law
3931:Gun data computer
3800:
3799:
3137:Armies by country
3101:Close air support
3066:Aircraft carriers
2735:Executive officer
2613:978-90-04-25199-1
2238:Peloponnesian War
2142:
2141:
2034:Horses in warfare
1981:Anti-war movement
1884:Gunboat diplomacy
1874:Disaster response
1822:Philosophy of war
1817:Principles of war
1790:Deterrence theory
1735:Right of conquest
1658:Lanchester's laws
1426:Principles of war
1116:Counter-offensive
1101:Military campaign
1006:Target saturation
929:Counterinsurgency
538:Gun data computer
472:Close air support
434:Aircraft carriers
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
5025:
4985:
4984:
4974:
4973:
4951:
4834:
4825:
4816:
4807:
4791:
4782:
4773:
4764:
4755:
4741:
4732:
4723:
4708:
4650:Military tactics
4491:Defence in depth
4345:Defeat in detail
4041:Armoured warfare
3979:Military science
3769:Close-in weapons
3441:
3352:Wheeled vehicles
3347:Tracked vehicles
3144:Chain of command
2807:Defense ministry
2645:
2638:
2631:
2622:
2617:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2543:
2532:
2526:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2477:
2471:
2460:
2454:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2356:Second World War
2310:had allied with
2304:Theodosian walls
2296:Byzantine Empire
2215:Siege of Groenlo
2134:
2127:
2120:
1889:Humanitarian aid
1827:Security dilemma
1648:Power projection
1431:Economy of force
1411:Chain of command
1126:Defence in depth
1111:Commerce raiding
934:Defeat in detail
270:Defense ministry
174:
165:
164:
155:
143:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
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5028:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5022:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4991:
4964:
4945:
4931:Humanitarianism
4860:
4839:
4828:
4819:
4810:
4804:Napoleonic Wars
4801:
4785:
4779:Modern warships
4776:
4767:
4758:
4749:
4735:
4726:
4717:
4704:Other namespace
4699:
4621:
4540:
4452:
4404:
4370:Rapid dominance
4279:
4155:
3940:
3879:
3796:
3742:Naval artillery
3722:Guided missiles
3710:
3432:
3313:
3115:
2978:
2974:Combat training
2922:Security forces
2912:Military police
2850:Airborne forces
2790:
2658:
2649:
2614:
2597:
2594:
2589:
2581:
2577:
2569:
2565:
2557:
2553:
2535:Julius Caesar.
2534:
2533:
2529:
2519:contravallation
2516:
2512:
2504:contravallation
2500:circumvallation
2494:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2464:circumvallation
2461:
2457:
2436:
2432:
2428:Merriam-Webster
2424:
2420:
2416:
2399:
2352:
2332:Pepin the Short
2277:
2262:Siege of Alesia
2207:
2183:circumvallation
2164:contravallation
2138:
2109:
2108:
2059:
2049:
2048:
2014:
2006:
2005:
1946:
1936:
1935:
1909:Multilateralism
1894:Law enforcement
1854:
1844:
1843:
1812:Just war theory
1770:
1760:
1759:
1710:Geneva Protocol
1680:
1670:
1669:
1643:
1633:
1632:
1574:
1564:
1563:
1471:
1461:
1460:
1401:
1391:
1390:
1356:
1346:
1345:
1276:Network-centric
1196:
1186:
1185:
1093:
1083:
1082:
1031:
1021:
1020:
969:Rapid dominance
874:
864:
863:
819:Electromagnetic
728:
718:
717:
704:
657:
605:
581:
571:
570:
566:Combat training
547:
524:
490:Combat systems:
486:
448:
444:Auxiliary ships
410:
370:
366:Military police
332:
255:
245:
244:
184:
158:
157:
156:
151:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Contravallation
15:
12:
11:
5:
5031:
5029:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5000:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4911:Global studies
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4886:Peace movement
4883:
4878:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4826:
4817:
4808:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4783:
4774:
4765:
4756:
4742:
4733:
4724:
4714:
4712:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4685:Related lists:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4655:History lists:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4635:Military lists
4631:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4602:Defense policy
4599:
4597:Defense budget
4594:
4589:
4587:Public policy:
4584:
4579:
4577:United Nations
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4550:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4536:Scorched earth
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4438:Deep operation
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4165:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4151:Unconventional
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4101:Disinformation
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4016:
4011:
4009:Post-classical
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3950:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3887:
3885:
3884:Combat systems
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3875:Field hospital
3872:
3871:
3870:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3739:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3652:Shoulder-fired
3641:
3640:
3639:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3556:
3552:Service rifles
3548:
3547:
3546:
3536:
3531:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3447:
3445:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3111:Reconnaissance
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3076:Auxiliary ship
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2964:Basic training
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2895:Reconnaissance
2892:
2887:
2882:
2880:Communications
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2845:Special forces
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2612:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2575:
2573:, p. 729.
2563:
2551:
2527:
2510:
2492:
2472:
2455:
2430:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2398:
2395:
2351:
2348:
2325:Bulgarian army
2300:Constantinople
2292:Umayyad Empire
2276:
2273:
2206:
2203:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2074:Military terms
2071:
2066:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1832:Tripwire force
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1608:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1354:Administrative
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1281:New generation
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1256:Fleet in being
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1194:Grand strategy
1192:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:Scorched earth
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1058:Deep operation
1055:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
987:
986:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
905:
904:
899:
894:
884:
875:
870:
869:
866:
865:
862:
861:
859:Unconventional
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
807:
805:Disinformation
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
776:
775:
770:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
729:
724:
723:
720:
719:
716:
715:
710:
703:
702:
701:
700:
699:
698:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
656:
655:
654:
653:
652:
651:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
604:
603:
602:
601:
596:
591:
582:
577:
576:
573:
572:
569:
568:
563:
558:
556:Basic training
553:
546:
545:
540:
535:
530:
523:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
485:
484:
482:Reconnaissance
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
447:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
409:
408:
403:
401:Special forces
398:
393:
392:
391:
381:
376:
369:
368:
363:
358:
356:Reconnaissance
353:
348:
343:
338:
331:
330:
321:
316:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
256:
251:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
241:
240:
235:
225:
224:
223:
218:
208:
207:
206:
199:Post-classical
196:
191:
185:
180:
179:
176:
175:
167:
166:
148:
147:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5030:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5008:Siege tactics
5006:
5005:
5003:
4990:
4989:
4979:
4978:
4967:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4891:Peace process
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4832:
4827:
4823:
4818:
4814:
4809:
4805:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4789:
4784:
4780:
4775:
4771:
4766:
4762:
4757:
4753:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4743:
4739:
4734:
4730:
4725:
4721:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4433:Expeditionary
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4335:Counterattack
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4141:Psychological
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4081:Combined arms
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3863:Military base
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3764:Depth charges
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3598:Anti-tank gun
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3571:Assault rifle
3569:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3559:Battle rifles
3557:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3527:Infantry guns
3524:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
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3071:Landing craft
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2720:Enlisted rank
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2583:Petersen 2013
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1211:Broken-backed
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1053:Expeditionary
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924:Counterattack
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849:Psychological
847:
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785:Combined arms
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624:Fortification
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439:Landing craft
437:
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329:
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324:Standing army
322:
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216:pike and shot
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92:
88:
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81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4986:
4975:
4954:
4950:}}
4946:{{
4833:}}
4829:{{
4824:}}
4822:World War II
4820:{{
4815:}}
4811:{{
4806:}}
4802:{{
4796:
4790:}}
4786:{{
4781:}}
4777:{{
4772:}}
4768:{{
4763:}}
4759:{{
4754:}}
4750:{{
4744:
4740:}}
4736:{{
4731:}}
4727:{{
4722:}}
4718:{{
4684:
4654:
4634:
4606:
4592:Conscription
4586:
4567:Peace treaty
4553:
4258:Subterranean
4146:Radiological
4086:Conventional
4035:
4014:Early modern
3993:
3920:
3857:
3773:
3733:
3695:
3678:
3643:
3632:Combat knife
3622:Flamethrower
3587:
3583:Sniper rifle
3550:
3539:Machine guns
3525:
3462:
3324:
3298:
3288:
3253:
3158:
3127:Organization
3080:
3034:Naval units:
3033:
3029:Signal corps
2991:
2959:Development:
2958:
2948:
2927:Border guard
2890:Intelligence
2874:
2813:Armed Forces
2811:
2780:
2741:
2699:
2599:
2578:
2566:
2554:
2544:– via
2538:
2530:
2518:
2513:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2482:
2475:
2463:
2458:
2446:
2438:
2433:
2421:
2403:Encirclement
2372:
2353:
2329:
2315:
2285:
2278:
2266:
2247:
2242:
2220:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2163:
2161:
2157:armed forces
2144:
2143:
2044:Fifth column
2024:War resister
2019:Women in war
1914:Peacekeeping
1859:Arms control
1804:
1493:Mobilization
1488:Conscription
1446:Intelligence
1399:Organization
1045:
978:
974:Encirclement
854:Radiological
790:Conventional
644:Subterranean
551:Development:
550:
527:
489:
451:
414:Naval units:
413:
406:Signal corps
373:
351:Intelligence
336:Specialties:
335:
260:Organization
211:Early modern
116:
110:October 2018
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4955:Categories:
4896:Disarmament
4813:World War I
4572:Cooperation
4486:Culminating
4410:Operational
4355:Envelopment
4275:Information
4194:Cold-region
4161:Battlespace
4019:Late modern
3999:Prehistoric
3921:Historical:
3858:Facilities:
3384:Armored car
3259:Naval fleet
2997:Combat arms
2992:Land units:
2949:Categories:
2932:Coast guard
2917:Gendarmerie
2840:Space force
2781:Categories:
2695:Recruitment
2523:Entry/40491
2468:Entry/33402
2451:Entry/99052
2383:air strikes
2364:Volga River
2275:Middle Ages
2267:During the
2240:in 429 BC.
2029:War studies
1852:Non-warfare
1780:Appeasement
1745:Martial law
1584:War economy
1523:Transgender
1476:Recruitment
1236:Containment
1121:Culminating
1029:Operational
949:Envelopment
892:Air assault
773:Air cavalry
733:Air defence
713:Information
614:Cold-region
579:Battlespace
528:Historical:
374:Land units:
300:Space force
295:Coast guard
228:Late modern
189:Prehistoric
5002:Categories
4844:Categories
4690:War crimes
4675:Operations
4612:Government
4428:Blitzkrieg
4400:Withdrawal
4251:Underwater
4226:Amphibious
4168:Aerospace
4111:Electronic
4061:Camouflage
4056:Biological
4029:fourth-gen
4024:industrial
3853:Body armor
3841:Camouflage
3822:By country
3667:By country
3478:By country
3463:Artillery:
3377:By country
3294:Combat box
3264:Task force
3232:By country
3215:By country
3169:Field army
3164:Army group
3132:By country
3081:Air units:
3061:Submarines
2942:By country
2769:By country
2685:Technology
2602:. Leiden:
2546:Wikisource
2447:investment
2414:References
2350:Modern era
2222:Thucydides
2145:Investment
2089:War crimes
2079:Operations
1986:Foot drill
1956:Battle cry
1869:deterrence
1528:Harassment
1503:Specialism
1326:Technology
1321:Succession
1266:Liberation
1201:Asymmetric
1136:Empty fort
1047:Blitzkrieg
1016:Withdrawal
979:Investment
758:Camouflage
753:Biological
691:Underwater
666:Amphibious
585:Aerospace
452:Air units:
429:Submarines
238:fourth-gen
233:industrial
221:napoleonic
80:newspapers
4711:Templates
4582:Mediation
4562:Alliances
4555:Diplomacy
4531:Offensive
4511:Defensive
4506:Deception
4476:Attrition
4360:Guerrilla
4308:Airbridge
4126:Loitering
4046:Artillery
3984:Diplomacy
3805:Equipment
3759:Torpedoes
3701:Land mine
3657:Anti-tank
3490:Field gun
3468:Artillery
3404:Gun truck
3389:Scout car
3227:Battalion
3120:Structure
3019:Artillery
2937:Logistics
2885:Engineers
2830:Air force
2368:airbridge
2260:, at the
2205:Antiquity
1976:War novel
1879:Grey-zone
1839:War games
1800:Overmatch
1750:War crime
1700:Desertion
1690:Ceasefire
1685:Armistice
1572:Logistics
1550:Mercenary
1538:Volunteer
1469:Personnel
1441:Engineers
1386:Sociology
1341:World war
1336:Total war
1316:Strategic
1306:Religious
1291:Political
1286:Perpetual
1261:Irregular
1176:Offensive
1151:Defensive
1146:Deception
1106:Attrition
959:Guerrilla
954:Formation
897:Airbridge
829:Loitering
743:Artillery
396:Artillery
346:Engineers
314:Irregular
285:Air force
4977:Category
4901:Pacifism
4831:Cold War
4788:Aircraft
4607:Related:
4458:Strategy
4443:Maneuver
4380:Swarming
4209:Mountain
4177:Airborne
4116:Infantry
4071:Chemical
4036:By type:
3964:Strategy
3787:Missiles
3715:Sea/Air:
3684:Infantry
3645:Missiles
3502:Howitzer
3318:Vehicles
3284:Squadron
3279:Flotilla
3274:Division
3210:Regiment
3186:Division
3086:Fighters
3049:Littoral
3039:Warships
3002:Infantry
2984:Branches
2870:Reserves
2855:Commando
2759:Uniforms
2670:Military
2663:Concepts
2652:Military
2397:See also
2379:shelling
2312:Bulgaria
2195:ramparts
2188:blockade
2176:blockade
2168:besieged
1991:War song
1966:War film
1599:Materiel
1518:Children
1498:Training
1436:Medicine
1421:Doctrine
1376:Training
1311:Resource
1296:Princely
1246:Economic
1231:Conquest
1226:Colonial
1221:Cold war
1206:Blockade
1091:Strategy
1063:Maneuver
824:Infantry
780:Chemical
634:Mountain
594:Airborne
457:Fighters
424:Warships
379:Infantry
305:Reserves
253:Military
4988:Commons
4906:Détente
4869:Related
4761:Weapons
4729:Weapons
4695:Writers
4665:Battles
4645:Weapons
4350:Foxhole
4325:Cavalry
4313:Airdrop
4303:Airlift
4285:Tactics
4246:Surface
4136:Nuclear
4121:Lawfare
4066:Cavalry
4051:Barrage
4004:Ancient
3994:By era:
3969:Tactics
3946:Warfare
3627:Bayonet
3610:Grenade
3593:Bazooka
3534:Pistols
3483:Battery
3451:Weapons
3437:Weapons
3325:Ground:
3244:Platoon
3237:By type
3220:By type
3203:By type
3198:Brigade
3096:Command
3091:Bombers
3044:Surface
3012:Cavalry
2907:Medical
2865:Militia
2860:Frogman
2835:Marines
2774:Highest
2725:Officer
2705:Soldier
2680:History
2675:Service
2592:Sources
2393:mines.
2389:and/or
2336:Francia
2290:of the
2246:in his
2234:Plataea
2217:in 1627
2172:sorties
2155:) with
2104:Writers
2099:Weapons
2064:Battles
2013:Related
2001:Wargame
1996:Uniform
1944:Culture
1725:Perfidy
1720:Justice
1641:Science
1626:Outpost
1579:History
1559:Warrior
1555:Soldier
1543:foreign
1481:counter
1381:Service
1331:Theater
1271:Limited
1251:Endemic
1166:Nuclear
939:Foxhole
914:Cavalry
902:Airdrop
887:Airlift
872:Tactics
844:Nuclear
834:Missile
763:Cavalry
748:Barrage
726:Weapons
686:Surface
467:Command
462:Bombers
419:Frogman
389:Cavalry
361:Medical
328:Militia
310:Regular
290:Marines
204:castles
194:Ancient
182:History
161:outline
94:scholar
4980:
4680:Sieges
4617:Nation
4546:Policy
4501:Mosaic
4496:Fabian
4395:Trench
4365:Morale
4330:Charge
4320:Battle
4298:Aerial
4263:Tunnel
4204:Jungle
4199:Desert
4096:Denial
3974:Combat
3959:Battle
3829:Helmet
3775:Aerial
3706:Shells
3696:Other:
3679:Lists:
3674:Mortar
3514:Rocket
3342:Combat
3330:Ground
3254:Naval:
3054:Patrol
2795:Forces
2715:Airman
2710:Sailor
2700:Roles:
2610:
2541:
2490:
2426:invest
2375:sieges
2321:Tervel
2314:under
2288:caliph
2084:Sieges
1768:Theory
1508:Morale
1366:Policy
1361:Branch
1141:Mosaic
1131:Fabian
1078:Covert
1011:Trench
996:Screen
919:Charge
909:Battle
882:Aerial
800:Denial
768:Horses
696:Seabed
649:Tunnel
629:Jungle
619:Desert
589:Aerial
138:Alesia
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4876:Peace
4752:Tanks
4738:Ranks
4627:Lists
4526:Naval
4516:Depth
4375:Siege
4270:Cyber
4241:Green
4236:Brown
4214:Urban
4182:Space
4131:Music
4106:Drone
4091:Cyber
4076:Class
3916:Radar
3911:Sonar
3868:Lists
3817:Lists
3792:Bombs
3735:Naval
3689:Heavy
3394:Truck
3372:Lists
3357:Armor
3249:Squad
3174:Corps
3159:Land:
3007:Armor
2786:Ranks
2747:Ranks
2604:Brill
2439:Milit
2330:King
2254:Gauls
2230:siege
2057:Lists
1513:Women
1451:Ranks
1371:Staff
1301:Proxy
1216:Class
1171:Naval
1156:Depth
991:Swarm
984:Siege
964:Naval
944:Drone
839:Music
814:Robot
810:Drone
795:Cyber
738:Armor
708:Cyber
681:Green
676:Brown
639:Urban
599:Space
520:Radar
515:Sonar
384:Armor
341:Staff
319:Ranks
101:JSTOR
87:books
4660:Wars
4640:Wars
4521:Goal
4231:Blue
4189:Land
3846:List
3834:List
3782:Guns
3747:List
3727:List
3662:List
3637:List
3615:List
3603:List
3576:List
3564:List
3544:List
3519:List
3507:List
3495:List
3473:List
3456:List
3444:Land
3428:Rail
3416:List
3399:List
3362:Tank
3335:List
3289:Air:
3191:List
3179:List
2900:List
2825:Navy
2820:Army
2752:List
2654:and
2608:ISBN
2488:ISBN
2437:"4.
2387:land
2317:Khan
2286:The
2197:and
2186:the
2153:town
2151:(or
2149:fort
2094:Wars
1611:Base
1161:Goal
1073:Raid
671:Blue
609:Land
280:Navy
275:Army
73:news
4720:War
4221:Sea
4172:Air
3954:War
2656:war
2391:sea
2334:of
2232:of
1678:Law
1621:FOB
1616:MOB
661:Sea
153:War
56:by
5004::
2606:.
2496:,
2445::
2381:,
2346:.
2283:.
2181:A
2162:A
1557:/
812:/
326:/
312:/
4557::
3777::
3737::
3647::
3554::
3529::
2815::
2644:e
2637:t
2630:v
2616:.
2548:.
2506:.
2133:e
2126:t
2119:v
163:)
159:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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