34:
and complexity. Traditionally, controlled languages fall into two major types: those that improve readability for human readers (e.g. non-native speakers), and those that enable reliable automatic
537:
Kowalski, R., Dávila, J., Sartor, G. and Calejo, M., 2023. Logical
English for law and education. In Prolog: The Next 50 Years (pp. 287-299). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
189:
250:
235:
664:
669:
375:." Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Posters. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2010.
65:
645:
286:
77:
132:
101:
42:
478:"Attempto Controlled English Meets the Challenges of Knowledge Representation, Reasoning, Interoperability and User Interfaces"
35:
53:
of the documentation. These languages restrict the writer by general rules such as "Keep sentences short", "Avoid the use of
437:
337:
50:
49:'s Easy English, are used in the industry to increase the quality of technical documentation, and possibly simplify the
240:
106:
265:
260:
148:
477:
449:
245:
617:
230:
159:
372:
418:
398:
255:
580:
217:
73:
41:
The first type of languages (often called "simplified" or "technical" languages), for example
570:
560:
408:
111:
30:
that are obtained by restricting the grammar and vocabulary in order to reduce or eliminate
27:
642:
649:
613:
462:
194:
85:
69:
575:
548:
338:"Controlling Controlled English – An Analysis of Several Controlled Language Rule Sets"
163:
658:
138:
116:
422:
126:
58:
441:
348:
81:
310:
311:"Controlled Natural Languages for language generation in artificial cognition"
121:
31:
584:
565:
549:"ModeLang: A New Approach for Experts-Friendly Viral Infections Modeling"
413:
386:
184:
175:
513:
153:
143:
54:
214:
403:
598:
Schwitter, Rolf; Tilbrook, M (2004). "PENG: Processable ENGlish".
80:, and writing of those languages is supported by fully automatic
315:
206:
46:
547:
Wasik, Szymon; Prejzendanc, Tomasz; Blazewicz, Jacek (2013).
476:
Norbert E. Fuchs; Kaarel
Kaljurand; Gerold Schneider (2006).
387:"A Survey and Classification of Controlled Natural Languages"
287:"A Survey and Classification of Controlled Natural Languages"
500:
Basic
English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar
57:", "Only use dictionary-approved words", and "Use only the
373:
Controlled natural languages for knowledge representation
64:
The second type of languages have a formal syntax and
210:
190:
Semantics of
Business Vocabulary and Business Rules
553:Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
600:Technical Report, Macquarie University, Australia
96:Existing controlled natural languages include:
8:
438:"Can Controlled Languages Scale to the Web?"
251:Controlled language in machine translation
574:
564:
412:
402:
278:
76:. Thus, those languages can be used as
458:
447:
236:Knowledge representation and reasoning
220:for simplified versions of languages.
502:. London: Paul Treber & Co., Ltd.
7:
68:, and can be mapped to an existing
78:knowledge representation languages
14:
514:"Common Logic Controlled English"
45:, Caterpillar Technical English,
618:"Registration form for 'simple'"
133:Distributed Language Translation
102:ASD Simplified Technical English
43:ASD Simplified Technical English
266:Simple English Knowledge (XXG)
1:
665:Controlled natural languages
643:Controlled Natural Languages
20:Controlled natural languages
16:Subset of a natural language
670:Natural language processing
498:Ogden, Charles Kay (1930).
241:Natural language processing
107:Attempto Controlled English
686:
181:Processable English (PENG)
51:semi-automatic translation
391:Computational Linguistics
261:Word-sense disambiguation
345:Proceedings of EAMT-CLAW
336:O'Brien, Sharon (2003).
436:Pool, Jonathan (2006).
84:and redundancy checks,
457:Cite journal requires
154:Gellish Formal English
385:Kuhn, Tobias (2014).
246:Controlled vocabulary
414:10.1162/COLI_a_00168
231:Constructed language
160:Latino sine flexione
158:Interlingua-IL sive
149:Français fondamental
566:10.1155/2013/320715
648:2021-03-08 at the
371:Schwitter, Rolf. "
256:Structured English
129:Controlled English
74:first-order logic
38:of the language.
36:semantic analysis
28:natural languages
26:) are subsets of
677:
630:
629:
627:
625:
614:Everson, Michael
610:
604:
603:
595:
589:
588:
578:
568:
544:
538:
535:
529:
528:
526:
524:
510:
504:
503:
495:
489:
488:
482:
473:
467:
466:
460:
455:
453:
445:
440:. Archived from
433:
427:
426:
416:
406:
382:
376:
369:
363:
362:
360:
359:
353:
347:. Archived from
342:
333:
327:
326:
324:
323:
307:
301:
300:
298:
297:
283:
212:
112:Aviation English
66:formal semantics
685:
684:
680:
679:
678:
676:
675:
674:
655:
654:
650:Wayback Machine
639:
634:
633:
623:
621:
612:
611:
607:
597:
596:
592:
546:
545:
541:
536:
532:
522:
520:
512:
511:
507:
497:
496:
492:
480:
475:
474:
470:
456:
446:
435:
434:
430:
384:
383:
379:
370:
366:
357:
355:
351:
340:
335:
334:
330:
321:
319:
309:
308:
304:
295:
293:
285:
284:
280:
275:
270:
226:
204:
199:
195:Special English
169:Logical English
94:
86:query answering
70:formal language
17:
12:
11:
5:
683:
681:
673:
672:
667:
657:
656:
653:
652:
638:
637:External links
635:
632:
631:
605:
590:
539:
530:
518:www.jfsowa.com
505:
490:
468:
459:|journal=
444:on 2009-08-15.
428:
377:
364:
328:
302:
291:direct.mit.edu
277:
276:
274:
271:
269:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
227:
225:
222:
218:variant subtag
203:
200:
198:
197:
192:
187:
182:
179:
173:
170:
167:
164:Giuseppe Peano
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
130:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
98:
93:
90:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
682:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
660:
651:
647:
644:
641:
640:
636:
619:
615:
609:
606:
601:
594:
591:
586:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
558:
554:
550:
543:
540:
534:
531:
519:
515:
509:
506:
501:
494:
491:
486:
479:
472:
469:
464:
451:
443:
439:
432:
429:
424:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
396:
392:
388:
381:
378:
374:
368:
365:
354:on 2016-03-03
350:
346:
339:
332:
329:
318:
317:
312:
306:
303:
292:
288:
282:
279:
272:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
228:
223:
221:
219:
216:
209:has reserved
208:
201:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
161:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
139:Easy Japanese
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
117:Basic English
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
99:
97:
91:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
622:. Retrieved
608:
599:
593:
556:
552:
542:
533:
521:. Retrieved
517:
508:
499:
493:
484:
471:
450:cite journal
442:the original
431:
394:
390:
380:
367:
356:. Retrieved
349:the original
344:
331:
320:. Retrieved
314:
305:
294:. Retrieved
290:
281:
205:
127:Common Logic
95:
63:
59:active voice
40:
23:
19:
18:
485:FLAIRS 2006
397:: 121–170.
178:(fictional)
82:consistency
659:Categories
559:: 320715.
404:1507.01701
358:2011-12-30
322:2024-03-27
296:2024-03-27
273:References
72:, such as
523:27 August
135:Esperanto
122:ClearTalk
92:Languages
32:ambiguity
646:Archived
624:22 April
585:24454531
423:14586568
224:See also
202:Encoding
185:Seaspeak
176:Newspeak
172:ModeLang
55:pronouns
576:3878415
144:E-Prime
88:, etc.
620:. IANA
583:
573:
421:
215:BCP 47
211:simple
481:(PDF)
419:S2CID
399:arXiv
352:(PDF)
341:(PDF)
213:as a
626:2021
581:PMID
557:2013
525:2017
463:help
316:IEEE
207:IETF
24:CNLs
571:PMC
561:doi
409:doi
61:".
47:IBM
661::
616:.
579:.
569:.
555:.
551:.
516:.
483:.
454::
452:}}
448:{{
417:.
407:.
395:40
393:.
389:.
343:.
313:.
289:.
628:.
602:.
587:.
563::
527:.
487:.
465:)
461:(
425:.
411::
401::
361:.
325:.
299:.
166:)
162:(
22:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.