407:
85:
383:
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60:
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has a broad, thin shell, cylindrically inflated. Geography cones grow to about 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 in) in length. The size of an adult shell varies between 43 and 166 mm (1.7 and 6.5 in). The ground color of the shell is pink or violaceous white, occasionally reddish. It has a
543:
Among the compounds found in cone snail venom are proteins which, when isolated, have great potential as pain-killing drugs. Research shows that certain component proteins of the venom target specific human pain receptors and can be up to 10,000 times more potent than morphine without morphine's
539:
exaggeration implying that, when stung by this creature, the victim will have only enough time to smoke a cigarette before dying. In reality, even the most venomous cone snails take about one to five hours to kill a healthy human, though medical care must still be prompt as, without it, death is
572:
as a means of stunning its prey. This insulin is distinct from its own (with shorter chains) and appears to be a stripped down version of those insulins found in fish. Once this venom passes through a fish's gills, the fish experiences
942:
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. ii, 824
358:
mottled appearance, clouded and coarsely reticulated with chestnut or chocolate, usually forming two very irregular bands. This intricate brown-and-white pattern is highly prized by shell collectors.
979:
384-396 in Weber, M. & de
Beaufort, L.F. (eds). The Prosobranchia, Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia Tectibranchiata, Tribe Bullomorpha, of the Siboga Expedition. Monograph 49. Siboga Expeditie 32(2)
519:
toxicity in the range of 0.012-0.030 mg/kg. The venom of the geography cone snail is a complex mix of hundreds of different toxins that is delivered through a toxoglossan
556:. Only 15-20 of the venom's 100-200 toxic peptides are used for feeding. It is believed that the other compounds are defensive, and that the venom is mainly used for defense.
535:
for a cone snail sting, and treatment consists of keeping victims alive until the toxins wear off. The geography cone is also known colloquially as the "cigarette snail", a
784:
696:
1335:
1361:
748:
1454:
365:
and numerous shoulder ridges or spines. The shell is covered with thread-like revolving striae, usually nearly obsolete except at the base. The flattened
1309:
945:
785:
Geographic Cone Snail, Geographic Cone Snail
Profile, Facts, Information, Photos, Pictures, Sounds, Habitats, Reports, News - National Geographic
1464:
1387:
760:
1469:
1426:
219:
1150:
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700:
286:. It lives in reefs of the tropical Indo-Pacific, and hunts small fish. While all cone snails hunt and kill prey using
1283:
1270:
1172:
736:
1366:
406:
577:, essentially stunning it and allowing for ingestion by the snail. This poison mixture has been referred to as
489:, it fires a harpoon-like, venom-tipped modified tooth into its prey; the harpoon is attached to the body by a
382:
376:. Its walls are also noticeably thinner and lighter compared to other cone shells of similar length and size.
84:
721:
1225:
1019:
Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in
Australian waters
998:
The Great
Barrier Reef and Adjacent Isles: a comprehensive survey for visitor, naturalist and photographer
830:"Fish-hunting cone snail venoms are a rich source of minimized ligands of the vertebrate insulin receptor"
1288:
1275:
372:
In comparison with other species, the shell has a noticeably wider and convex mid-body, with a flattened
394:
199:
941:
587:, no other species of any known lifeform is known to have used its own biological insulin as a weapon.
1431:
1257:
956:
Observations sur les
Mollusques marins, terrestres et fluviatiles des iles SĂ©chelles et des Amirantes
892:
673:
WoRMS (2010). Conus geographus
Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at
515:
species and there are reports for about three dozen human fatalities in 300 years. The venom has an
507:
The geography cone snail is highly dangerous; live specimens should be handled with extreme caution.
674:
630:
574:
49:
1418:
516:
455:
362:
227:
79:
764:
1340:
965:. pls 1-39 in Reeve, L.A. (ed.). Conchologica Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 1.
1400:
1296:
993:. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum, Natural History ns 1(no. 2, pt 6): 267 pp., 34 pls
920:
861:
805:
463:
1405:
1353:
910:
900:
851:
841:
625:
1374:
949:
373:
366:
136:
1262:
984:
Australian Shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land
958:. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris 2 14, Zoologie: 45-80 (extrait), 166-221(suite)
896:
1459:
915:
880:
856:
829:
1448:
1348:
616:
607:
536:
310:
215:
146:
69:
64:
583:
451:
1301:
879:
Safavi-Hemami H, Gajewiak J, Karanth S, Robinson SD, et al. (February 2015).
32:
1413:
1322:
264:
1248:
797:
1185:
881:"Specialized insulin is used for chemical warfare by fish-hunting cone snails"
749:
Conus geographus
Linnaeus, 1758 - Record: CONUS BIODIVERSITY WEBSITE CATALOGUE
459:
443:
435:
431:
126:
1213:
905:
545:
532:
528:
502:
490:
478:
439:
280:
96:
1080:
924:
865:
809:
1379:
1081:
Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015).
1061:
A Catalogue of
Nomenclature and Taxonomy in the Living Conidae 1758 - 1998
1242:
447:
156:
116:
846:
1314:
651:
Linnaeus, C., 1758. Systema
Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, 10th ed., 1
569:
524:
423:
283:
276:
166:
1327:
986:. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs.
828:
Ahorukomeye, P; Disotuar, M; Gajewiak, J; Karanth, S (February 2019).
520:
427:
106:
1219:
1075:
Systematic classification of Recent and fossil conoidean gastropods
549:
486:
287:
176:
1083:
One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails.
675:
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215499
1392:
1035:
Tahiti : Papéete Les editions du pacifique, pp. 1–391.
761:"NIGMS - Findings, September 2002: Secrets of the Killer Snails"
482:
1223:
1207:
796:
Kapil, Sasha; Hendriksen, Stephen; Cooper, Jeffrey S. (2020),
595:
This article incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from the reference.
972:
Memoirs of the Australian Museum 3(7): 395-488, 49 text figs
1054:
Manual of the Living Conidae. Volume 1: Indo-Pacific Region
361:
The geography cone has a wide, violaceous white or pink
1049:. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
732:
730:
991:
Mollusca of Krusadai Is. I. Amphineura and Gastropoda
1007:. Brisbane : Jacaranda Press 127 pp., 287 figs.
1232:
1042:
Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls.
454:region, except for Hawaii, and off Australia (the
1026:Shells of New Guinea and the Central Indo-Pacific
1047:Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods
804:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
493:, and the prey is pulled inside for ingestion.
422:Geography cones are common. They occur in the
631:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T192772A2158685.en
1010:Rippingale, O.H. & McMichael, D.F. 1961.
970:The Mollusca of Funafuti. Part 1. Gastropoda.
699:. National Geographic Society. Archived from
8:
1052:Röckel, D., Korn, W. & Kohn, A.J. 1995.
1028:. Milton : Jacaranda Press xviii 94 pp.
724:, Manual of Conchology, vol. VI p. 88; 1879
320:This species is the type species of :
1220:
450:. They are indigenous to the reefs of the
58:
31:
20:
1014:. Brisbane : Jacaranda Press 210 pp.
914:
904:
855:
845:
629:
527:-like tooth propelled from an extendable
1012:Queensland and Great Barrier Reef Shells
544:addictive properties and side-effects.
485:, preying on small fish. Like the other
1095:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
598:
378:
1085:Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1-23
1073:Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009)
1017:Wilson, B.R. & Gillett, K. 1971.
511:has the most toxic sting known among
7:
1063:. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 388pp
996:Gillett, K. & McNeill, F. 1959.
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
242:· accepted, alternate representation
1455:IUCN Red List least concern species
1000:. Sydney : Coral Press 209 pp.
617:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
481:that dwells in sediment of shallow
1021:. Sydney : Reed Books 168 pp.
1005:Shells of the Australian Sea-Shore
581:. Along with the tulip cone snail
564:Recent research has revealed that
294:is potent enough to kill humans.
14:
1056:. Wiesbaden : Hemmen 517 pp.
1031:Salvat, B. & Rives, C. 1975.
1208:Cone Shells - Knights of the Sea
1149:
1132:
1115:
1098:
1077:. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 296 pp
405:
393:
381:
83:
1040:Tropical Pacific Marine Shells.
697:"Geographic Cone Snail Profile"
548:-G is a toxin derived from the
737:Conus geographus Linnaeus 1758
1:
1276:Conus_(Gastridium)_geographus
237:Conus (Gastridium) geographus
1465:Gastropods described in 1758
1068:Recent cone species database
963:Monograph of the genus Conus
885:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
1470:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1070:. September 4, 2009 Edition
369:is striated and coronated.
1486:
500:
426:, in the Indian Ocean off
1033:Coquillages de Polynésie.
233:
226:
205:
198:
80:Scientific classification
78:
56:
47:
39:
30:
23:
1038:Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978.
989:Satyamurti, S.T. 1952.
906:10.1073/pnas.1423857112
722:George Washington Tryon
1003:McMichael, D.F. 1960.
1216:on Sealife Collection
1188:Gastridium geographus
975:Schepman, M.M. 1913.
798:"Cone Snail Toxicity"
739:penelope.uchicago.edu
624:: e.T192772A2158685.
306:G. B. Sowerby I, 1833
246:Gastridium geographus
1066:Tucker J.K. (2009).
1059:Filmer R.M. (2001).
16:Species of sea snail
1178:Encyclopædia Romana
897:2015PNAS..112.1743S
847:10.7554/eLife.41574
575:hypoglycaemic shock
50:Conservation status
40:A live specimen of
1160:Linnaeus, C., 1758
1143:Linnaeus, C., 1758
1126:Linnaeus, C., 1758
1109:Linnaeus, C., 1758
982:Allan, J.K. 1950.
961:Reeve, L.A. 1843.
948:2017-06-13 at the
456:Northern Territory
191:C. geographus
1442:
1441:
1401:Open Tree of Life
1226:Taxon identifiers
1161:
1144:
1127:
1110:
1045:Wilson, B. 1994.
1024:Hinton, A. 1972.
968:Hedley, C. 1899.
954:Dufo, M.H. 1840.
606:Kohn, A. (2013).
464:Western Australia
350:Shell description
345:
337:
329:
316:
307:
256:
255:
250:
249:(Linnaeus, 1758 )
241:
73:
1477:
1435:
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1409:
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1396:
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1383:
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1279:
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1266:
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1263:Conus_geographus
1253:
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1234:Conus geographus
1221:
1214:Conus geographus
1204:
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1174:Conus geographus
1159:
1157:Conus geographus
1153:
1142:
1140:Conus geographus
1136:
1125:
1123:Conus geographus
1119:
1108:
1106:Conus geographus
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849:
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819:
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763:. Archived from
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713:
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708:
693:
678:
671:
652:
649:
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610:Conus geographus
603:
540:almost certain.
409:
400:Abapertural view
397:
385:
344:Schumacher, 1817
343:
335:
327:
314:
308:is a synonym of
305:
299:Conus geographus
292:Conus geographus
265:popularly called
260:Conus geographus
248:
239:
211:
209:Conus geographus
88:
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67:
62:
61:
42:Conus geographus
35:
25:Conus geographus
21:
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1375:Observation.org
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1181:by James Grout.
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950:Wayback Machine
937:
935:Further reading
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703:on July 5, 2007
695:
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605:
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568:uses a form of
562:
505:
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472:
420:
413:
410:
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389:
386:
352:
290:, the venom of
273:geographer cone
222:
213:
207:
194:
137:Caenogastropoda
82:
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63:
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17:
12:
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1194:Gastropods.com
1182:
1176:, part of the
1168:
1167:External links
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531:. There is no
501:Main article:
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392:
390:
388:Apertural view
387:
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348:
347:
346:
338:
336:Montfort, 1810
330:
315:Morrison, 1955
269:geography cone
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240:Linnaeus, 1758
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891:(6): 1743–8.
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840:(8): e41574.
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767:on 2017-11-07
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677:on 2011-07-24
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579:nirvana cabal
576:
571:
567:
566:C. geographus
559:
557:
555:
554:C. geographus
551:
547:
541:
538:
537:gallows humor
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
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510:
509:C. geographus
504:
496:
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475:C. geographus
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355:C. geographus
349:
342:
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311:Conus eldredi
304:
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200:Binomial name
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147:Neogastropoda
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65:Least Concern
55:
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43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1233:
1197:. Retrieved
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888:
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837:
833:
823:
813:, retrieved
801:
791:
780:
769:. Retrieved
765:the original
755:
744:
717:
705:. Retrieved
701:the original
647:
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1414:SeaLifeBase
1323:iNaturalist
977:Toxoglossa.
707:31 December
637:12 November
487:cone snails
412:Apical view
1449:Categories
1212:Photos of
1199:16 January
815:2020-07-30
802:StatPearls
771:2019-07-19
591:References
460:Queensland
444:Mozambique
436:Madagascar
325:Gastridium
284:cone snail
133:Subclass:
127:Gastropoda
584:C. tulipa
546:Conotoxin
533:antivenom
529:proboscis
503:Conotoxin
491:proboscis
479:piscivore
440:Mauritius
341:Utriculus
281:predatory
185:Species:
103:Kingdom:
97:Eukaryota
1341:11120398
1249:Q1780734
1243:Wikidata
946:Archived
925:25605914
866:30747102
810:29262115
448:Tanzania
363:aperture
228:Synonyms
216:Linnaeus
163:Family:
157:Conoidea
117:Mollusca
113:Phylum:
107:Animalia
93:Domain:
70:IUCN 3.1
1315:5728277
1092:Gallery
916:4330763
893:Bibcode
857:6372279
570:insulin
560:Insulin
525:harpoon
470:Ecology
432:RĂ©union
424:Red Sea
277:species
275:, is a
271:or the
173:Genus:
167:Conidae
143:Order:
123:Class:
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521:radula
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333:Rollus
1460:Conus
1427:WoRMS
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1336:IRMNG
834:eLife
550:venom
513:Conus
497:Venom
483:reefs
477:is a
374:spire
367:spire
303:rosea
301:var.
288:venom
178:Conus
1388:OBIS
1367:6491
1362:NCBI
1349:IUCN
1310:GBIF
1302:XXGJ
1284:BOLD
1201:2019
921:PMID
862:PMID
806:PMID
709:2009
639:2021
622:2013
523:, a
517:LD50
446:and
267:the
220:1758
1297:CoL
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