112:
430:
421:
director's vote is weighted in accordance with the total share capital of the member nations that director represents. MIGA's board is stationed at its
Washington, D.C. headquarters where it meets regularly and oversees the agency's activities. The agency's Executive Vice President directs its overall strategy and manages its daily operations. As of 16 December 2019, Hiroshi Matano serves as Executive Vice President of MIGA.
1924:
1914:
1905:
38:
420:
MIGA is governed by its
Council of Governors which represents its member countries. The Council of Governors holds corporate authority, but primarily delegates such powers to MIGA's Board of Directors. The Board of Directors consists of 25 directors and votes on matters brought before MIGA. Each
570:
to recover expenses associated with covering the claim. However, the agency's convention does not require member governments to treat foreign investments in any special way. As a multilateral institution, MIGA is also in a position to attempt to sort out potential disputes before they ever turn into
574:
The agency's Small
Investment Program aims to promote FDI into specifically small and medium-sized enterprises. The program offers standard MIGA coverage types except it does not cover breaches of contract. Under the program, small and medium enterprises may take advantage of discounted insurance
566:. The agency generally offers insurance coverage lasting up to 15 years with a possible five-year extension depending on a given project's nature and circumstances. When an event occurs that is protected by the insurance, MIGA can exercise the investor's rights against the host country through
381:
In 2009, the Board of
Directors enacted changes to MIGA's operating procedures and authorized coverage for default of sovereign financial obligations. The agency also launched an annual publication titled World Investment and Political Risk which reports on trends in worldwide investment and
345:, the agency set up a fund for investment guarantees amounting to $ 12 million ($ 17 million in 2012 dollars). The agency also established the West Bank and Gaza Investment Guarantee Trust Fund with a capacity of $ 20 million ($ 29 million in 2012 dollars).
393:, private insurance firms accounted for approximately half of the political risk insurance market in 2007. As a result, MIGA has paid closer attention to exceptionally risky countries that have little appeal to foreign investors, and has insured projects among nations in the
263:
MIGA was established in 1988 as an investment insurance facility to encourage confident investment in developing countries. MIGA is owned and governed by its member states, but has its own executive leadership and staff which carry out its daily operations. Its
310:
MIGA's inaugural investment guarantees were issued in 1990 to cover $ 1.04 billion ($ 1.83 billion in 2012 dollars) worth of foreign direct investment (FDI) comprising four individual projects. The agency also issued its first
575:
premiums and no application fees, which are not available to larger investors. To qualify an investment for the Small
Investment Program, MIGA defines small and medium enterprise projects as having 300 or fewer employees, total
352:
of $ 150 million ($ 212 million in 2012 dollars) from the IBRD. MIGA exceeded $ 1 billion ($ 1.4 billion in 2012 dollars) in investment guarantees within a single year for the first time in 1999.
303:(IBRD) were eligible to become members of the agency. MIGA was established as an effort to complement existing sources of non-commercial risk insurance for investments in developing countries. By serving as a
411:
MIGA's
Council of Governors amended the agency's convention in 2010 in an attempt to improve the organization's effectiveness by expanding the range of investments eligible for political risk insurance.
1977:
378:. The agency also launched PRI-Center.com (now no longer active) as a portal for information on political risk management and investment insurance, which also contained its FDI information services.
292:
endorsed the
Convention establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency. MIGA was established and became operational on 12 April 1988 under the leadership of then-Executive Vice President
583:
not to exceed $ 15 million. MIGA limits the request amount for the investment guarantee to $ 10 million, and will guarantee only up to 10 years with a possible 5-year extension.
1398:
348:
In 1998, the
Council of Governors of MIGA adopted a resolution establishing a general capital increase of $ 850 million ($ 1.2 billion in 2012 dollars), and transferring a
1660:
71:
1378:
363:
In 2001, MIGA's issuance of new investment guarantees grew to $ 2 billion. The agency launched its Small
Investment Program in 2005 in an effort to promote investment among
300:
400:
MIGA conducted a survey in 2010 which showed that political risk is the most important deterrent of long-term foreign direct investment in developing countries, even more than
296:, becoming the fifth member institution of the World Bank Group. MIGA initially had $ 1 billion ($ 1.94 billion in 2012 dollars) in capital and 29 member states.
571:
insurance claims. MIGA requires insured investors to establish communications and consultations with local communities and set in place grievance procedures.
445:. Membership in MIGA is available only to countries who are members of the World Bank, particularly the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
280:
investments as well as other assets and contracts with long-term periods. The agency is assessed by the World Bank's
Independent Evaluation Group each year.
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599:
978:
630:
320:
875:
1383:
1250:
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1180:
1075:
1050:
1353:
437:
MIGA is owned by its 182 member governments, consisting of 156 developing and 25 industrialized countries. The members are composed of 181
229:
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1928:
438:
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57:
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625:
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89:
17:
1229:"The Implications of Political Risk Insurance in the Governance of Energy Projects: Τhe Case of Japan's Public Insurance Agencies"
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133:
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367:. That same year, MIGA set up its Afghanistan Investment Guarantee Facility in an effort to promote FDI into Afghanistan.
1840:
1825:
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364:
337:
In 1997, MIGA issued the inaugural contract under its Cooperative Underwriting Program to support an energy project in
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guarantor, the agency reduces the likelihood of confrontations among the investor's country and the host country.
53:
48:
1947:
1918:
1860:
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155:
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1416:
1346:
429:
233:
151:
1795:
1750:
1730:
394:
1451:
342:
331:
771:"Creeping expropriation and MIGA: The need for tighter regulation in the political risk insurance market"
405:
1476:
1426:
293:
1908:
1339:
1326:
1317:
953:
559:
543:
927:
1431:
531:
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401:
245:
1228:
1277:
1149:
1096:
1019:
1246:
1207:
1176:
1071:
1046:
563:
534:; and the non-honoring of financial obligations. MIGA will cover investments such as equity,
1456:
1441:
1370:
1236:
852:
539:
461:
277:
253:
249:
202:
166:
851:(Press release). Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency. 15 November 2010. Archived from
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587:
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1941:
1482:
1198:
527:
485:
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257:
170:
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747:
712:
390:
383:
542:, and shareholder loan guarantees. The agency may also insure investments such as
1199:"Toward Best Outcomes from Foreign Direct Investment in Poorly Performing States"
898:
782:
598:
MIGA prepares consolidated financial statements in accordance with United States
476:(the UN member states that are non-members of the World Bank, and thus MIGA, are
1241:
567:
497:
327:
312:
265:
37:
1487:
1362:
514:
is the most recent country to have joined MIGA, having done so in March 2020.
465:
289:
522:
MIGA offers insurance to cover five types of non-commercial risks: currency
338:
236:
and credit enhancement guarantees. These guarantees help investors protect
826:
676:
501:
457:
371:
804:
580:
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511:
477:
899:
MIGA Annual Report 2011: Insuring Investments, Ensuring Opportunities
489:
473:
453:
442:
341:. In collaboration with the European Union Investment Trust Fund for
928:
Convention Establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
18:
Convention establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
1233:
Catharine Titi (ed), Public Actors in International Investment Law
954:
Organization Chart of the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
576:
493:
469:
428:
650:
1202:. In Birdsall, Nancy; Vaishnav, Milan; Ayres, Robert L. (eds.).
603:
535:
481:
273:
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and have the right to vote on its matters. It insures long-term
1585:
1335:
1299:
Management's Discussion & Analysis and Financial Statements
31:
1331:
1204:
Short of the Goal: U.S. Policy and Poorly Performing States
1399:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
849:"MIGA Significantly Expands Pool of Eligible Investments"
389:
Although once dominated by large public and multilateral
1235:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, p. 172,
1043:
International Financial Management: Abridged 8th Edition
876:"Political-risk insurer underused as climate talks fail"
382:
corporate perceptions of prospects and risk, as well as
212:
1173:
The Multilateralization of International Investment Law
979:"World Bank Group Appoints Hiroshi Matano to Head MIGA"
921:
919:
63:
448:
As of 2022, the six World Bank member states that are
433:
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency member states
1978:
Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty
1379:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
301:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
666:
664:
1496:
1407:
1369:
1206:. Washington, D.C.: Center for Global Development.
1119:"Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency: Lending"
1068:
Managing Global Financial and Foreign Exchange Risk
702:
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208:
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161:
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129:
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1197:
952:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (2011).
926:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (1985).
897:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (2011).
370:In 2007, MIGA issued investment guarantees for a
288:In September 1985, the Board of Governors of the
52:, potentially preventing the article from being
374:port, marking its first support in the form of
1347:
1320:MIGA—Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
1175:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
8:
590:offer an overview of the agency's business.
334:and investment insurance providers in 1994.
102:
579:not to exceed $ 15 million and annual
1582:
1578:
1354:
1340:
1332:
1272:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
1144:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
1091:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
1014:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
742:
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738:
736:
734:
732:
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707:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
671:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
386:in the political risk insurance industry.
110:
101:
72:reliable, independent, third-party sources
1240:
1121:. Bank Information Center. Archived from
530:; war, terrorism, and civil disturbance;
90:Learn how and when to remove this message
1394:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
1227:Papanastasiou, Thomas-Nektarios (2021),
222:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
66:by replacing them with more appropriate
642:
631:Overseas Private Investment Corporation
321:Overseas Private Investment Corporation
315:contracts signed in collaboration with
49:too closely associated with the subject
1070:. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
1384:International Development Association
526:and transfer restriction; government
7:
1045:. Mason, OH: Thomson South-Western.
775:Gonzaga Journal of International Law
268:are member governments that provide
230:international financial institution
27:International financial institution
1963:International finance institutions
1958:International development agencies
1953:International banking institutions
1276:. World Bank Group. Archived from
1148:. World Bank Group. Archived from
1095:. World Bank Group. Archived from
1018:. World Bank Group. Archived from
711:. World Bank Group. Archived from
675:. World Bank Group. Archived from
242:political and non-commercial risks
25:
1973:Organizations established in 1988
1389:International Finance Corporation
750:. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
626:List of countries by received FDI
616:International Finance Corporation
1968:United Nations Development Group
1923:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1903:
1661:Democratic Republic of the Congo
330:, an international community of
47:may rely excessively on sources
36:
621:List of countries by FDI abroad
134:Development finance institution
829:. The Economist. 31 March 2011
827:"How to become politics-proof"
165:12th floor, 1800 G Street NW,
1:
1066:Homaifar, Ghassem A. (2004).
807:. The Economist. 4 April 2007
360:since the agency's founding.
356:In 2000, MIGA paid its first
874:Carr, Mathew (10 May 2012).
769:Donovan, Patrick J. (2003).
365:small and medium enterprises
1242:10.1007/978-3-030-58916-5_9
1196:Moran, Theodore H. (2006).
1171:Schill, Stephan W. (2009).
508:are also non-MIGA members.
1994:
1274:"Small Investment Program"
959:(Report). World Bank Group
933:(Report). World Bank Group
904:(Report). World Bank Group
748:"CPI Inflation Calculator"
248:. MIGA is a member of the
238:foreign direct investments
1901:
1592:
1581:
1577:
317:Export Development Canada
156:foreign direct investment
109:
252:and is headquartered in
234:political risk insurance
188:Executive Vice President
152:Political risk insurance
805:"Of coups and coverage"
319:and the United States'
103:Multilateral Investment
1452:Lewis Thompson Preston
1146:"Terms and Conditions"
434:
343:Bosnia and Herzegovina
326:The agency joined the
1041:Madura, Jeff (2007).
602:which are audited by
594:Financial performance
518:Investment guarantees
432:
406:public infrastructure
1477:Kristalina Georgieva
1427:Eugene R. Black, Sr.
560:franchise agreements
544:management contracts
532:breaches of contract
402:economic uncertainty
246:developing countries
1909:Category World Bank
1016:"Types of Coverage"
299:All members of the
198:Parent organization
106:
1432:George David Woods
564:license agreements
435:
1935:
1934:
1929:Country Relations
1897:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1252:978-3-030-58916-5
1213:978-1-933286-05-1
1182:978-0-511-60515-4
1152:on 2 October 2011
1077:978-0-471-28115-3
1052:978-0-324-36563-4
1022:on 1 October 2011
540:shareholder loans
452:MIGA members are
218:
217:
100:
99:
92:
16:(Redirected from
1985:
1948:World Bank Group
1926:
1925:
1919:World Bank Group
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1457:James Wolfensohn
1442:Alden W. Clausen
1371:World Bank Group
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524:inconvertibility
462:Marshall Islands
439:UN member states
254:Washington, D.C.
250:World Bank Group
203:World Bank Group
167:Washington, D.C.
114:
107:
105:Guarantee Agency
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1467:Robert Zoellick
1437:Robert McNamara
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1327:MIGA Convention
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1280:on 28 July 2012
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1003:Parties to MIGA
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376:Islamic finance
358:insurance claim
294:Yoshio Terasawa
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270:paid-in capital
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1312:External links
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1305:, 30 June 2015
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125:12 April 1988
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1911:
1831:South Africa
1472:Jim Yong Kim
1417:Eugene Meyer
1393:
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1278:the original
1267:
1258:13 September
1256:, retrieved
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558:activities,
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395:global south
391:underwriters
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305:multilateral
298:
287:
266:shareholders
262:
225:
221:
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178:Membership
162:Headquarters
140:Legal status
86:
77:
62:Please help
46:
29:
1836:South Korea
1801:Philippines
1596:Afghanistan
878:. Bloomberg
568:subrogation
498:North Korea
328:Berne Union
313:reinsurance
1942:Categories
1876:Uzbekistan
1846:Tajikistan
1721:Kazakhstan
1651:Costa Rica
1631:Cape Verde
1587:by country
1488:Ajay Banga
1409:Presidents
1363:World Bank
988:8 February
983:World Bank
673:"Overview"
638:References
466:San Marino
425:Membership
416:Governance
290:World Bank
64:improve it
54:verifiable
1841:Sri Lanka
1826:Singapore
1776:Nicaragua
1701:Indonesia
1681:Guatemala
1606:Australia
1601:Argentina
1497:Elections
1318:Official
709:"History"
651:"Contact"
506:Palestine
404:and poor
339:Indonesia
122:Formation
116:MIGA logo
80:June 2017
68:citations
1886:Zimbabwe
1851:Tanzania
1791:Paraguay
1761:Mongolia
1746:Maldives
1741:Malaysia
1691:Honduras
1671:Ethiopia
1666:Djibouti
1646:Colombia
1626:Cambodia
1616:Botswana
1479:(acting)
1303:Miga.org
655:miga.org
610:See also
581:revenues
546:, asset
502:Holy See
458:Kiribati
372:Djibouti
323:(OPIC).
240:against
228:) is an
213:MIGA.org
1927:
1881:Vietnam
1871:Uruguay
1866:Ukraine
1816:Senegal
1781:Nigeria
1771:Myanmar
1766:Morocco
1736:Lebanon
1711:Jamaica
1706:Ireland
1656:Croatia
1611:Belarus
1322:website
1284:27 June
1156:29 June
1129:25 June
1103:27 June
1026:27 June
963:25 June
937:25 June
908:25 June
859:26 June
833:26 June
811:26 June
789:27 June
754:20 June
719:25 June
683:25 June
586:MIGA's
556:leasing
512:Somalia
500:). The
478:Andorra
284:History
256:in the
209:Website
148:Purpose
58:neutral
1917:
1861:Uganda
1856:Turkey
1821:Serbia
1811:Russia
1806:Poland
1786:Panama
1756:Mexico
1676:France
1621:Brazil
1249:
1210:
1179:
1074:
1049:
882:6 July
633:(OPIC)
577:assets
562:, and
496:, and
490:Monaco
474:Tuvalu
472:, and
460:, the
454:Brunei
443:Kosovo
384:shifts
278:equity
143:Treaty
1726:Kenya
1716:Japan
1696:India
1686:Haiti
1641:China
1636:Chile
957:(PDF)
931:(PDF)
902:(PDF)
552:bonds
536:loans
494:Nauru
470:Tonga
441:plus
350:grant
1796:Peru
1751:Mali
1731:Laos
1569:2019
1564:2017
1559:2012
1554:2007
1549:2005
1544:1995
1539:1991
1534:1986
1529:1981
1524:1968
1519:1963
1514:1949
1509:1947
1504:1946
1286:2012
1260:2024
1247:ISBN
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1177:ISBN
1158:2012
1131:2012
1105:2012
1072:ISBN
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1028:2012
990:2020
965:2012
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910:2012
884:2012
861:2012
835:2012
813:2012
791:2012
756:2012
721:2012
685:2012
604:KPMG
600:GAAP
504:and
482:Cuba
276:and
274:debt
226:MIGA
220:The
171:U.S.
130:Type
56:and
1237:doi
450:not
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