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However, the converse of a statement with mutually inclusive terms remains true, given the truth of the original proposition. This is equivalent to saying that the converse of a definition is true. Thus, the statement "If I am a triangle, then I am a three-sided polygon" is logically equivalent to
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2453:"The original proposition is called the exposita; when converted, it is denominated the converse. Conversion is valid when, and only when, nothing is asserted in the converse which is not affirmed or implied in the exposita."
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proposition "All cats are mammals", the converse "All mammals are cats" is obviously false. However, the weaker statement "Some mammals are cats" is true. Logicians define conversion
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In practice, when determining the converse of a mathematical theorem, aspects of the antecedent may be taken as establishing context. That is, the converse of "Given P, if Q then R
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For example, consider the true statement "If I am a human, then I am mortal." The converse of that statement is "If I am mortal, then I am a human," which is not necessarily
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1366:"If I am a three-sided polygon, then I am a triangle," because the definition of "triangle" is "three-sided polygon".
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2673:. It is therefore clear that the categorical converse is closely related to the implicational converse, and that
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The "exposita" is more usually called the "convertend". In its simple form, conversion is valid only for
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to be the process of producing this weaker statement. Inference from a statement to its converse
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statement to its converse is not valid. As an example, for the
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was proved in 1912, but its converse was proved only in 1997.
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The
Science of Logic: or, An Analysis of the Laws of Thought
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is also true), then affirming the consequent will be valid.
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Going from a statement to its converse is the fallacy of
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says nothing about the truth of its converse, unless the
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In mathematics, the converse of a theorem of the form
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2775:"What Are the Converse, Contrapositive, and Inverse?"
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Reverse of a categorical or hypothetical proposition
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The World and
Language in Wittgenstein's Philosophy
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2864:William Thomas Parry and Edward A. Hacker (1991),
2763:, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press: "converse".
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2014:(Book I, Proposition 48), can be stated as:
2558:The validity of simple conversion only for
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2800:"The Four Vertex Theorem and its Converse"
2316:{\displaystyle R^{T}=\{(b,a):(a,b)\in R\}}
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2421:Categorical proposition § Conversion
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1547:and its converse are equivalent (i.e.,
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529:{\displaystyle A\not \Leftrightarrow B}
32:
2761:The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
2666:{\displaystyle \forall x.S(x)\to P(x)}
2147:the angle opposite the side of length
1923:the angle opposite the side of length
956:{\displaystyle A{\underline {\lor }}B}
471:{\displaystyle {\overline {A\cdot B}}}
384:{\displaystyle A{\overline {\land }}B}
3213:{\displaystyle \not \leftrightarrow }
2601:is generally valid. However, as with
2238:{\displaystyle R\subseteq A\times B,}
596:{\displaystyle A{\overline {\lor }}B}
257:{\displaystyle A\leftrightharpoons B}
7:
2798:Shonkwiler, Clay (October 6, 2006).
2007:The converse, which also appears in
915:{\displaystyle A\ {\text{XNOR}}\ B}
555:{\displaystyle A\nleftrightarrow B}
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2942:. MacMillan, 1979, fifth edition.
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1588:
1369:A truth table makes it clear that
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231:{\displaystyle A\Leftrightarrow B}
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25:
2136:{\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}}
1994:{\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}}
657:{\displaystyle {\overline {A+B}}}
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3242:{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }
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2335:The converse of the implication
2021:a triangle with sides of length
1853:a triangle with sides of length
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1757:
1747:{\displaystyle \Leftrightarrow }
1727:
1649:{\displaystyle \Leftrightarrow }
1170:
1169:
738:{\displaystyle {\overline {A}}}
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2950:A Modern Introduction to Logic
2828:& Thomas Ströhlein (1993)
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2614:first-order predicate calculus
2429:. For example, going from "No
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1443:{\displaystyle P\rightarrow Q}
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503:{\displaystyle A\not \equiv B}
401:
343:{\displaystyle A\rightarrow B}
334:
291:{\displaystyle A\Rightarrow B}
282:
248:
222:
171:{\displaystyle A\&\&B}
1:
3318:{\displaystyle \nrightarrow }
2888:, C. Scribner's sons, p. 156.
2370:{\displaystyle P\leftarrow Q}
1838:will be "Given P, if R then Q
1627:{\displaystyle P\leftarrow Q}
1470:{\displaystyle P\leftarrow Q}
1287:{\displaystyle P\leftarrow Q}
1068:{\displaystyle A\leftarrow B}
1016:{\displaystyle A\Leftarrow B}
622:{\displaystyle A\downarrow B}
3343:{\displaystyle \nleftarrow }
3118:{\displaystyle \rightarrow }
1543:. However, if the statement
1337:). In general, the truth of
873:{\displaystyle A\parallel B}
730:
649:
585:
463:
373:
3289:{\displaystyle \downarrow }
3089:{\displaystyle \leftarrow }
1305:be a statement of the form
410:{\displaystyle A\uparrow B}
3472:
2578:propositions, neither is.
2418:
2396:{\displaystyle P\subset Q}
2377:, but may also be notated
1355:are logically equivalent.
1042:{\displaystyle A\subset B}
317:{\displaystyle A\supset B}
3422:
3385:
3265:
3160:
3064:{\displaystyle \uparrow }
3040:
3029:
2994:
2952:. Cromwell Company, 1931.
2759:Robert Audi, ed. (1999),
982:{\displaystyle A\oplus B}
205:{\displaystyle A\equiv B}
2897:Gordon Hunnings (1988),
1541:affirming the consequent
142:{\displaystyle A\&B}
93:{\displaystyle A\cdot B}
67:{\displaystyle A\land B}
3328:Converse nonimplication
1244:categorical proposition
1122:Functional completeness
847:{\displaystyle A\mid B}
795:{\displaystyle A\lor B}
436:{\displaystyle A\mid B}
3410:
3373:
3372:{\displaystyle \land }
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2174:Converse of a relation
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1716:{\displaystyle \neg Q}
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1597:{\displaystyle \neg Q}
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1257:Implicational converse
1092:Propositional calculus
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761:{\displaystyle \sim A}
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3432:Philosophy portal
3411:
3409:{\displaystyle \bot }
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3184:{\displaystyle \neg }
3149:
3147:{\displaystyle \lor }
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3018:{\displaystyle \top }
2933:Introduction to Logic
2886:The Elements of Logic
2741:Transposition (logic)
2681:cannot be swapped in
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1807:Converse of a theorem
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1776:{\displaystyle \lor }
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1150:Programming languages
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3074:Converse implication
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2830:Relations and Graphs
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2484:(valid if P exists)
2437:to its converse "No
2415:Categorical converse
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18:Converse implication
3456:Immediate inference
3451:Logical connectives
2988:logical connectives
2935:. MacMillan, 1953.
2323:is also called the
1844:Pythagorean theorem
1842:. For example, the
1829:four-vertex theorem
1160:Philosophy of logic
821:{\displaystyle A+B}
34:Logical connectives
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3045:Alternative denial
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2866:Aristotelian Logic
2807:math.colostate.edu
2773:Taylor, Courtney.
2726:Logical connective
2663:
2445:. In the words of
2409:Bocheński notation
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2169:is a right angle.
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1945:is a right angle,
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1846:can be stated as:
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1249:, the converse is
1234:, the converse is
1155:Mathematical logic
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711:{\displaystyle -A}
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116:{\displaystyle AB}
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2703:Philosophy portal
2556:
2555:
2247:converse relation
2199:{\displaystyle R}
2161:{\displaystyle c}
2079:{\displaystyle c}
2057:{\displaystyle b}
2035:{\displaystyle a}
1937:{\displaystyle c}
1911:{\displaystyle c}
1889:{\displaystyle b}
1867:{\displaystyle a}
1793:
1792:
1671:{\displaystyle P}
1574:{\displaystyle P}
1537:
1536:
1416:{\displaystyle Q}
1395:{\displaystyle P}
1325:is the statement
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16:(Redirected from
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1083:Related concepts
1074:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1014:
988:
986:
985:
980:
962:
960:
959:
954:
949:
921:
919:
918:
913:
906:
905:
902:
898:
879:
877:
876:
871:
853:
851:
850:
845:
827:
825:
824:
819:
801:
799:
798:
793:
767:
765:
764:
759:
744:
742:
741:
736:
734:
726:
717:
715:
714:
709:
694:
692:
691:
686:
663:
661:
660:
655:
653:
648:
637:
628:
626:
625:
620:
602:
600:
599:
594:
589:
581:
561:
559:
558:
553:
535:
533:
532:
527:
509:
507:
506:
501:
477:
475:
474:
469:
467:
462:
451:
442:
440:
439:
434:
416:
414:
413:
408:
390:
388:
387:
382:
377:
369:
349:
347:
346:
341:
323:
321:
320:
315:
297:
295:
294:
289:
263:
261:
260:
255:
237:
235:
234:
229:
211:
209:
208:
203:
177:
175:
174:
169:
148:
146:
145:
140:
122:
120:
119:
114:
99:
97:
96:
91:
73:
71:
70:
65:
41:
40:
30:
21:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3426:
3424:
3418:
3398:
3397:
3381:
3361:
3360:
3332:
3331:
3307:
3306:
3278:
3277:
3261:
3231:
3230:
3202:
3201:
3173:
3172:
3156:
3136:
3135:
3107:
3106:
3078:
3077:
3053:
3052:
3036:
3027:
3007:
3006:
2990:
2984:
2946:Stebbing, Susan
2915:
2913:Further reading
2910:
2909:
2896:
2892:
2882:James H. Hyslop
2880:
2876:
2863:
2859:
2843:
2839:
2826:Gunther Schmidt
2824:
2820:
2811:
2809:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2783:
2781:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2721:Inverse (logic)
2701:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2622:
2621:
2544:Some S is not P
2477:Simple converse
2423:
2417:
2379:
2378:
2353:
2352:
2343:may be written
2333:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2212:
2211:
2208:binary relation
2188:
2187:
2176:
2150:
2149:
2123:
2110:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2068:
2067:
2046:
2045:
2024:
2023:
1981:
1968:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1926:
1925:
1900:
1899:
1878:
1877:
1856:
1855:
1809:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1736:
1735:
1702:
1701:
1681:
1680:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1638:
1637:
1610:
1609:
1583:
1582:
1563:
1562:
1453:
1452:
1426:
1425:
1405:
1404:
1384:
1383:
1294:
1270:
1269:
1259:
1205:
1164:
1131:
1102:Boolean algebra
1097:Predicate logic
1051:
1050:
1025:
1024:
999:
998:
965:
964:
932:
931:
890:
889:
856:
855:
830:
829:
804:
803:
778:
777:
747:
746:
720:
719:
697:
696:
674:
673:
638:
631:
630:
605:
604:
572:
571:
538:
537:
512:
511:
486:
485:
452:
445:
444:
419:
418:
393:
392:
360:
359:
326:
325:
300:
299:
274:
273:
240:
239:
214:
213:
188:
187:
151:
150:
125:
124:
102:
101:
76:
75:
50:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3469:
3467:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3443:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3405:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3368:
3350:
3339:
3325:
3314:
3299:Nonimplication
3296:
3285:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3256:Digital buffer
3249:
3238:
3220:
3209:
3191:
3180:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3143:
3125:
3114:
3096:
3085:
3071:
3060:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3014:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2943:
2940:Symbolic Logic
2938:Copi, Irving.
2936:
2926:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2901:, SUNY Press,
2890:
2874:
2868:, SUNY Press,
2857:
2837:
2834:Springer books
2818:
2790:
2765:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2716:Contraposition
2713:
2707:
2706:
2690:
2687:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2465:propositions:
2416:
2413:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2332:
2329:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2195:
2175:
2172:
2157:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2075:
2053:
2031:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1933:
1907:
1885:
1863:
1808:
1805:
1791:
1790:
1783:
1772:
1762:
1755:
1743:
1734:
1732:
1724:
1723:
1712:
1709:
1699:
1688:
1678:
1667:
1657:
1645:
1636:
1634:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1593:
1590:
1570:
1553:if and only if
1535:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1450:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1423:
1412:
1402:
1391:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1258:
1255:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1112:Truth function
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1012:
1009:
1006:
996:
990:
989:
978:
975:
972:
952:
947:
944:
939:
929:
923:
922:
911:
897:
887:
881:
880:
869:
866:
863:
843:
840:
837:
817:
814:
811:
791:
788:
785:
775:
769:
768:
757:
754:
732:
729:
707:
704:
684:
681:
671:
665:
664:
651:
647:
644:
641:
618:
615:
612:
592:
587:
584:
579:
569:
563:
562:
551:
548:
545:
525:
522:
519:
499:
496:
493:
483:
479:
478:
465:
461:
458:
455:
432:
429:
426:
406:
403:
400:
380:
375:
372:
367:
357:
351:
350:
339:
336:
333:
313:
310:
307:
287:
284:
281:
271:
265:
264:
253:
250:
247:
227:
224:
221:
201:
198:
195:
185:
179:
178:
167:
164:
161:
158:
138:
135:
132:
112:
109:
89:
86:
83:
63:
60:
57:
47:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3468:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3433:
3421:
3395:
3391:
3390:Contradiction
3388:
3387:
3384:
3366:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3337:
3329:
3326:
3312:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3228:
3224:
3223:Biconditional
3221:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3141:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3075:
3072:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3034:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2981:
2976:
2974:
2969:
2967:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2819:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2791:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2693:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2657:
2651:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2364:
2358:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2248:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2209:
2193:
2180:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2155:
2146:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2090:
2086:
2073:
2064:
2051:
2042:
2029:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2004:
2003:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1931:
1922:
1918:
1905:
1896:
1883:
1874:
1861:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1784:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1710:
1700:
1686:
1679:
1665:
1658:
1635:
1621:
1615:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1591:
1568:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1464:
1458:
1437:
1431:
1410:
1403:
1389:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1281:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1145:Digital logic
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1127:Scope (logic)
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1062:
1056:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1010:
1004:
997:
995:
992:
991:
976:
973:
970:
950:
945:
942:
937:
930:
928:
925:
924:
909:
895:
888:
886:
883:
882:
867:
864:
861:
841:
838:
835:
815:
812:
809:
789:
786:
783:
776:
774:
771:
770:
755:
752:
727:
705:
702:
682:
672:
670:
667:
666:
645:
642:
639:
616:
610:
590:
582:
577:
570:
568:
565:
564:
549:
546:
543:
523:
520:
517:
497:
494:
491:
484:
482:nonequivalent
481:
480:
459:
456:
453:
430:
427:
424:
404:
398:
378:
370:
365:
358:
356:
353:
352:
337:
331:
311:
308:
305:
285:
279:
272:
270:
267:
266:
251:
245:
225:
219:
199:
196:
193:
186:
184:
181:
180:
165:
156:
136:
130:
110:
107:
87:
84:
81:
61:
58:
55:
48:
46:
43:
42:
39:
38:
35:
31:
19:
3270:Joint denial
3194:Exclusive or
3073:
2949:
2939:
2932:
2929:Copi, Irving
2922:
2898:
2893:
2885:
2877:
2865:
2860:
2848:
2840:
2829:
2821:
2810:. Retrieved
2806:
2793:
2782:. Retrieved
2778:
2768:
2760:
2755:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2617:
2611:
2607:per accidens
2606:
2599:per accidens
2598:
2595:per accidens
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2574:, while for
2567:
2563:
2559:
2557:
2547:
2539:
2523:
2507:
2502:Some P is S
2497:
2489:
2482:per accidens
2481:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2404:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2324:
2185:
2148:
2144:
2088:
2066:
2044:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1946:
1924:
1920:
1898:
1876:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1810:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1560:
1555:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1317:). Then the
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1266:Venn diagram
1250:
1246:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1210:
1136:Applications
993:
3353:Conjunction
3303:NIMPLY gate
3128:Disjunction
3099:Implication
2683:All S are P
2618:All S are P
2572:distributed
2531:Some P is S
2528:Some S is P
2494:All S are P
1327:Q implies P
1307:P implies Q
1251:All P are S
1247:All S are P
1225:implication
1217:mathematics
1107:Truth table
3445:Categories
3103:IMPLY gate
2832:, page 9,
2812:2019-11-26
2784:2019-11-27
2747:References
2736:Term logic
2603:syllogisms
2474:Convertend
2427:conversion
2419:See also:
1477:(converse)
1350:consequent
1343:antecedent
1242:. For the
183:equivalent
3404:⊥
3367:∧
3338:↚
3313:↛
3284:↓
3252:Statement
3237:↔
3227:XNOR gate
3179:¬
3142:∨
3113:→
3084:←
3059:↑
3049:NAND gate
3013:⊤
2999:Tautology
2919:Aristotle
2845:Asa Mahan
2779:ThoughtCo
2731:Obversion
2711:Aristotle
2649:→
2628:∀
2548:not valid
2515:No P is S
2512:No S is P
2498:not valid
2480:Converse
2447:Asa Mahan
2388:⊂
2362:←
2325:transpose
2305:∈
2245:then the
2227:×
2221:⊆
2009:Euclid's
1771:∨
1742:⇔
1708:¬
1687:∨
1644:⇔
1619:←
1589:¬
1462:←
1435:→
1279:←
1060:←
1034:⊂
1008:⇐
974:⊕
946:_
943:∨
865:∥
839:∣
787:∨
753:∼
731:¯
703:−
680:¬
650:¯
614:↓
586:¯
583:∨
547:↮
464:¯
457:⋅
428:∣
402:↑
374:¯
371:∧
335:→
309:⊃
283:⇒
249:⇋
223:⇔
197:≡
163:&
160:&
134:&
85:⋅
59:∧
3357:AND gate
3274:NOR gate
3208:↮
3198:XOR gate
3169:NOT gate
3165:Negation
2884:(1892),
2689:See also
2331:Notation
2011:Elements
1819:will be
1799:without
1551:is true
1348:and the
1319:converse
1221:converse
1175:Category
994:converse
521:⇎
495:≢
3359:)
3355: (
3305:)
3301: (
3276:)
3272: (
3254: (
3229:)
3225: (
3200:)
3196: (
3171:)
3167: (
3134:)
3132:OR gate
3130: (
3105:)
3101: (
3051:)
3047: (
2986:Common
2923:Organon
2847:(1857)
2403:, or "B
269:implies
3396:
3330:
3076:
3005:
2870:p. 207
2407:" (in
2065:, and
1897:, and
1219:, the
907:
899:
3394:False
2903:p. 42
2853:p. 82
2803:(PDF)
2210:with
2206:is a
2019:Given
1851:Given
1213:logic
3003:True
2677:and
2581:For
2562:and
2471:Type
2461:and
2441:are
2433:are
2145:then
1947:then
1581:and
1360:true
1301:Let
1215:and
903:XNOR
885:XNOR
355:NAND
2612:In
2411:).
2186:If
1803:".
1321:of
1268:of
1211:In
927:XOR
669:NOT
567:NOR
45:AND
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2948:.
2931:.
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2805:.
2777:.
2685:.
2616:,
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2405:pq
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2347:→
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2327:.
2143:,
2089:if
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2043:,
1921:if
1919:,
1875:,
1823:→
1815:→
1362:.
1333:→
1313:→
1238:→
1230:→
1049:,
1023:,
963:,
854:,
828:,
802:,
773:OR
745:,
718:,
695:,
629:,
603:,
536:,
510:,
443:,
417:,
391:,
324:,
298:,
238:,
212:,
149:,
123:,
100:,
74:,
3392:/
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3001:/
2979:e
2972:t
2965:v
2925:.
2905:.
2872:.
2855:.
2815:.
2787:.
2679:P
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2661:)
2658:x
2655:(
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2646:)
2643:x
2640:(
2637:S
2634:.
2631:x
2591:A
2587:A
2583:A
2576:I
2568:E
2564:I
2560:E
2540:O
2524:I
2508:E
2490:A
2463:I
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2365:Q
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2349:P
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2311:}
2308:R
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2299:b
2296:,
2293:a
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2284:)
2281:a
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2275:b
2272:(
2269:{
2266:=
2261:T
2257:R
2233:,
2230:B
2224:A
2218:R
2194:R
2156:c
2129:2
2125:c
2121:=
2116:2
2112:b
2108:+
2103:2
2099:a
2074:c
2052:b
2030:a
2002:.
1987:2
1983:c
1979:=
1974:2
1970:b
1966:+
1961:2
1957:a
1932:c
1906:c
1884:b
1862:a
1840:"
1836:"
1825:P
1821:Q
1817:Q
1813:P
1801:P
1797:Q
1711:Q
1666:P
1622:Q
1616:P
1592:Q
1569:P
1556:Q
1549:P
1545:S
1533:T
1530:T
1527:T
1524:T
1519:T
1516:F
1513:F
1510:T
1505:F
1502:T
1499:T
1496:F
1491:T
1488:T
1485:F
1482:F
1465:Q
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1438:Q
1432:P
1411:Q
1390:P
1375:S
1371:S
1353:Q
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1309:(
1303:S
1282:Q
1276:P
1240:P
1236:Q
1232:Q
1228:P
1200:e
1193:t
1186:v
1063:B
1057:A
1037:B
1031:A
1011:B
1005:A
977:B
971:A
951:B
938:A
910:B
896:A
868:B
862:A
842:B
836:A
816:B
813:+
810:A
790:B
784:A
756:A
728:A
706:A
683:A
646:B
643:+
640:A
617:B
611:A
591:B
578:A
550:B
544:A
524:B
518:A
498:B
492:A
460:B
454:A
431:B
425:A
405:B
399:A
379:B
366:A
338:B
332:A
312:B
306:A
286:B
280:A
252:B
246:A
226:B
220:A
200:B
194:A
166:B
157:A
137:B
131:A
111:B
108:A
88:B
82:A
62:B
56:A
20:)
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