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central tendon is mobile, when the muscle contracts the central tendon is drawn down, compressing the cavity underneath and expanding the thoracic cavity downward. When the central tendon is stabilized and the lower ribs are mobile, a contraction of the diaphragm elevates the ribs, which works in conjunction with other muscles to expand the thoracic indent upward.
474:
455:
on the thoracic vertebra of the same rib number. The transverse costal facet is on the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrae to which the head is connected. The non-articular portion is a rough elevation and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is
575:
that develop in association with the vertebral arches. During the fifth week the costal processes on the thoracic vertebrae become longer to form the ribs. In the sixth week, the costovertebral joints begin to develop and separate the ribs from the vertebrae. The first seven pairs of ribs, the true
434:
is a flattened part that extends laterally from the head. The neck is about 3 cm long. Its anterior surface is flat and smooth, whilst its posterior is perforated by numerous foramina and its surface rough, to give attachment to the ligament of the neck. Its upper border presents a rough crest
527:
which controls breathing. When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity is expanded, reducing intra-thoracic pressure and drawing air into the lungs. This happens through one of two actions (or a mix of the two): when the lower ribs the diaphragm connects to are stabilized by muscles and the
519:
In general, human ribs increase in length from ribs 1 through 7 and decrease in length again through rib 12. Along with this change in size, the ribs become progressively oblique (slanted) from ribs 1 through 9, then less slanted through rib 12.
383:
lies next to a vertebra. The ribs connect to the vertebrae with two costovertebral joints, one on the head and one on the neck. The head of the rib has a superior and an inferior articulating region, separated by a crest. These articulate with the
450:
on the posterior surface of the neck of the rib, has two facets (surfaces) one articulating and one non-articulating. The articular facet, is small and oval and is the lower and more medial of the two, and connects to the
643:
arise from the vertebral column just below the dorsal ribs, and enclose the lower body, often joining at the tips. Not all species possess both types of rib, with the dorsal ribs being most commonly absent.
720:
is an attachment for the shoulder muscles. Usually dogs have 26 ribs. Mammals usually also only have distinct ribs on the thoracic vertebra, although fixed cervical ribs are also present in
357:
and are numbered from 1 to 12 according to the vertebrae to which they attach. The first rib is attached to thoracic vertebra 1 (T1). At the front of the body, most of the ribs are joined by
496:. The first rib is unique and easier to distinguish than other ribs. It is a short, flat, C-shaped bone, and attaches to the manubrium. The vertebral attachment can be found just below the
408:
joins the head of the rib to both the body of the upper vertebra and to the body of the lower vertebra. The smaller middle part of the ligament connects to the intervertebral disc. This
419:
The other costovertebral joint is that between the tubercle on the neck and the transverse process of the joining thoracic vertebra of the same rib number, and this is known as the
639:, are found in the dividing septum between the upper and lower parts of the main muscle segments, projecting roughly sideways from the vertebral column. The second set, the
245:
595:. Primary ossification centers are located near the angle of each rib, and ossification continues in the direction away from the head and neck. During
393:
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926:
881:
217:
213:
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508:", three of these sharing a common cartilaginous connection to the sternum, while the last two (eleventh and twelfth ribs) are termed
1147:
1029:
1001:
424:
126:
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405:
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64:
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mammals, the cervical and lumbar ribs are found only as tiny remnants fused to the vertebrae, where they are referred to as
240:
825:
732:. In general, the structure and number of the true ribs in humans is similar to that in other mammals. Unlike reptiles,
504:. Ribs 2 through 7 then become longer and less curved as they progress downwards. The following five sets are known as "
349:
to help protect internal organs. Humans usually have 24 ribs, in 12 pairs. 1 in 500 people have an extra rib known as a
712:
In birds, ribs are present as distinct bones only on the thoracic region, although small fused ribs are present on the
413:
1089:
Saladin, K. S. (2010). Anatomy and
Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function (5th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
107:
592:
79:
1177:
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196:
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53:
86:
949:"Evaluation of congenital rib anomalies with multi-detector computed tomography in the Turkish population"
252:
224:
208:
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906:
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389:
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366:
353:. People may have a cervical rib on the right, left or both sides. All are attached at the back to the
607:
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60:
31:
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at the first thoracic vertebra, and the majority of this bone can be found above the level of the
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attaches from the non-articular facet of the tubercle to the transverse process of the vertebra.
354:
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358:
1045:
Sly, Peter D.; Collins, Rachel A. (2008-01-01), Taussig, Lynn M.; Landau, Louis I. (eds.),
905:
Sly, Peter D.; Collins, Rachel A. (2008-01-01), Taussig, Lynn M.; Landau, Louis I. (eds.),
615:
305:
873:
663:
571:
have formed on the vertebral bodies. These processes are small, lateral protrusions of
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1058:
978:
918:
794:
620:
835:
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588:
509:
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635:, there are often two sets of ribs attached to the vertebral column. One set, the
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secondary ossification centers are formed in the tubercles and heads of the ribs.
27:
Long bone in vertebrates that protects vital respiratory and cardiovascular organs
709:
typically have no ribs, aside from a sacral pair, which form part of the pelvis.
201:
100:
840:
750:
745:
705:, while snakes have numerous ribs running along the full length of their trunk.
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have only eight pairs of ribs, which are developed into a bony or cartilaginous
596:
409:
321:
42:
685:
In most true tetrapods, many of these early ribs have been lost, and in living
947:
Oner, Zulal; Oner, Serkan; Sahin, Necati Emre; Cay, Mahmut (26 January 2023).
786:
766:
648:, for example, have no ventral ribs, and only very short dorsal ribs. In some
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are widely used from many animals. The ribs are the less meaty part of the
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716:. The thoracic ribs of birds possess a wide projection to the rear; this
473:
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and they are often cooked as part of a slab; five or more is known as a
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only, and not to the sternum or cartilage coming off of the sternum.
258:
17:
725:
694:
693:, there is great variation in rib structure and number. For example,
675:
553:
541:
30:
This article is about the part of the skeleton. For other uses, see
1142:. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 170–173.
658:, however, only ever have a single set of ribs which are probably
645:
614:
606:
581:
477:
472:
325:
317:
184:
652:, there may be additional rib-like bones within the muscle mass.
996:(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. pp. 293–297.
862:"Chapter 18 - Trunk Control: Supporting Functional Independence"
830:
706:
497:
313:
289:
392:
on the connecting vertebrae. The crest gives attachment to the
328:, ribs may provide support and protection for the entire body.
456:
much more prominent in the upper ribs than in the lower ribs.
396:
that joins the rib to the vertebra of the same number, at the
36:
992:
Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F.; Agur, Anne M. R. (2018).
666:, every vertebra bore a pair of ribs, although those on the
312:
by expanding the thoracic cavity. They serve to protect the
168:
Animation of all ribs, including the false ones in humans
153:
Collection of single ribs in the
Faculty of Education of
523:
The rib cage is separated from the lower abdomen by the
1108:(3rd ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 80–85.
560:. The vertebrae and ribs develop from the sclerotomes.
769:
are ribs of beef either served singly or several as a
1085:
1083:
1047:"Chapter 7 - Applied Clinical Respiratory Physiology"
907:"Chapter 7 - Applied Clinical Respiratory Physiology"
372:
The parts of a rib includes the head, neck, body (or
674:
were stout and short, since they formed part of the
1138:Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977).
308:, enabling the lungs to expand and thus facilitate
239:
223:
207:
195:
183:
178:
173:
141:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
611:Skeleton of a dog showing the location of the ribs
1051:Pediatric Respiratory Medicine (Second Edition)
911:Pediatric Respiratory Medicine (Second Edition)
860:Gillen, Glen (2016-01-01), Gillen, Glen (ed.),
662:with the dorsal ribs of fishes. In the earlier
1024:(Sixth ed.). Saunders. pp. 183–184.
584:stage the sternal bars have completely fused.
8:
777:from beef is a popular choice used in many
324:of the thorax. In some animals, especially
162:
147:
960:
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1099:
1097:
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1013:
484:The first seven sets of ribs, known as "
480:image of human chest, with ribs labelled
1053:, Philadelphia: Mosby, pp. 73–88,
913:, Philadelphia: Mosby, pp. 73–88,
852:
804:
587:The ribs begin as cartilage that later
866:Stroke Rehabilitation (Fourth Edition)
256:
138:
439:) for the attachment of the anterior
7:
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1129:
1127:
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65:adding citations to reliable sources
544:form and soon subdivide into three
414:articulation of the head of the rib
365:. Ribs connect to vertebrae at the
874:10.1016/b978-0-323-17281-3.00018-6
25:
736:ribs are never found in mammals.
678:, connecting the backbone to the
425:superior costotransverse ligament
1059:10.1016/b978-032304048-8.50011-6
919:10.1016/b978-032304048-8.50011-6
807:
443:; its lower border is rounded.
41:
670:are typically the longest. The
52:needs additional citations for
576:ribs join at the front to the
1:
826:Anatomical terms of location
994:Clinically Oriented Anatomy
868:, Mosby, pp. 360–393,
512:. They are attached to the
1194:
743:
466:
29:
814:Thoracic cage with spine
593:endochondral ossification
394:intra-articulate ligament
376:), tubercle, and angle.
251:
161:
146:
1104:Larsen, William (2001).
563:During the fourth week (
441:costotransverse ligament
488:", are attached to the
453:transverse costal facet
1173:Thorax (human anatomy)
1022:Atlas of human anatomy
1020:Netter, Frank (2014).
628:
612:
481:
390:inferior costal facets
345:that form part of the
288:) are the long curved
285:
253:Anatomical terminology
962:10.5603/FM.a2023.0006
618:
610:
538:the developing embryo
476:
421:costotransverse joint
367:costovertebral joints
730:transverse processes
304:, ribs surround the
61:improve this article
32:Rib (disambiguation)
1140:The Vertebrate Body
591:– a process called
437:crista colli costae
398:intervertebral disc
953:Folia Morphologica
714:cervical vertebrae
668:thoracic vertebrae
629:
613:
525:thoracic diaphragm
482:
355:thoracic vertebrae
155:Charles University
1068:978-0-323-04048-8
928:978-0-323-04048-8
883:978-0-323-17281-3
565:fertilization age
548:components – the
494:costal cartilages
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16:(Redirected from
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831:Bone terminology
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718:uncinate process
625:Eptesicus fuscus
619:Rib cage of the
569:costal processes
412:is known as the
406:radiate ligament
359:costal cartilage
259:edit on Wikidata
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801:Animated images
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448:tubercle of rib
432:neck of the rib
381:head of the rib
341:Human ribs are
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292:which form the
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603:Other animals
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580:bars. By the
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78: –
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72:Find sources:
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62:
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50:This article
48:
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39:
38:
33:
19:
1159:
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1105:
1072:, retrieved
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1021:
993:
987:
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942:
932:, retrieved
910:
887:, retrieved
865:
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836:Rib fracture
785:, including
770:
763:rack of lamb
758:
751:Ribs as food
749:
740:Ribs as food
729:
717:
711:
684:
654:
641:ventral ribs
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351:cervical rib
340:
322:vital organs
320:, and other
277:
268:
218:A02.3.02.001
214:A02.3.01.001
189:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
841:Rib removal
746:Ribs (food)
672:sacral ribs
637:dorsal ribs
597:adolescence
532:Development
410:plane joint
337:Rib details
179:Identifiers
1167:Categories
1115:0443065837
1074:2020-11-03
934:2020-11-03
889:2020-11-03
847:References
787:spare ribs
767:Short ribs
761:, as in a
722:monotremes
687:amphibians
660:homologous
633:jawed fish
573:mesenchyme
558:sclerotome
556:, and the
546:mesodermal
506:false ribs
400:. Another
343:flat bones
300:. In most
271:vertebrate
87:newspapers
979:256899032
783:Pork ribs
775:rib steak
755:meat chop
680:hip bones
664:choanates
656:Tetrapods
554:dermatome
536:Early in
514:vertebrae
486:true ribs
310:breathing
302:tetrapods
117:June 2008
971:36794687
820:See also
791:European
779:cuisines
703:plastron
699:carapace
691:reptiles
650:teleosts
589:ossifies
502:clavicle
469:Rib cage
463:Rib cage
402:ligament
386:superior
347:rib cage
294:rib cage
726:therian
695:turtles
578:sternal
550:myotome
542:somites
492:by the
490:sternum
363:sternum
361:to the
274:anatomy
202:D012272
174:Details
101:scholar
1146:
1112:
1065:
1028:
1000:
977:
969:
925:
880:
734:caudal
676:pelvis
646:Sharks
423:. The
404:, the
326:snakes
286:costae
190:costae
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
18:Costae
975:S2CID
771:plate
724:. In
707:Frogs
582:fetal
478:X-ray
374:shaft
318:heart
314:lungs
290:bones
282:Latin
257:[
185:Latin
108:JSTOR
94:books
76:"Rib"
1144:ISBN
1110:ISBN
1063:ISBN
1026:ISBN
998:ISBN
967:PMID
923:ISBN
878:ISBN
793:and
773:. A
759:rack
701:and
689:and
498:neck
430:The
388:and
379:The
278:ribs
246:7574
234:1118
230:1105
209:TA98
197:MeSH
80:news
1055:doi
957:doi
915:doi
870:doi
631:In
269:In
241:FMA
225:TA2
142:Rib
63:by
1169::
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105:·
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