84:
25:
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433:
The microcyst is nearly identical to the morphology of the sorocyst. The difference lies in the stage of the life cycle each is produced, and microcysts may tend to be more irregular in shape like a puzzle piece. Rather than encyst on the sorocarp like a sorocyst, microcysts are a result of an amoeba
474:
The amoeba have the potential to encyst on the sorocarp to become founder cells. Once the development of a founder cell occurs, aggregation of amoeba ensues. How exactly the founder cell lures the amoeba to itself to aggregate is not yet known. The amoeba pile on top of the founder cell and encyst
502:
is ultimately separated into two main divisions. The trophic stage consists of the singular amoeba described above. Once the amoeba starts aggregating and establishing found cells, then the fruiting stage is kicked off. The fruiting bodies bear sorocysts to restart the life cycle.
494:
is yet to be established. Within culture, the sphaerocyst stage of the life cycle seems to lead to a halt. No germination has been observed following the formation of a sphaerocyst. This is only within lab settings, and germination is presumed to occur naturally in the wild.
395:
is an encysted cell of a single type found on the sorocarp. The sorocysts along the sorocarps can be arranged in a column or in more complex forms. The sorocysts themselves can be different shapes including oblong, ovoid, and angular, and they produce only one monopodial
298:. This came across as unexpected due to the fact that this group was recorded to have no slime molds before this taxonomic distinction. Cellular slime molds were once organized into two major categories—
422:
is distinguishable: double-walled, brownish-yellow, and generally rounder than sorocysts and microcysts measuring 12–13 μm in diameter. These thick-walled sphareocysts occur after two amoeba undergo
542:
Dykstra, Michael J. (1977). "The
Possible Phylogenetic Significance of Mitochondrial Configurations in the Acrasid Cellular Slime Molds with Reference to Members of the Eumycetozoa and Fungi".
241:. The life cycle of this cellular slime mold is outlined and expanded upon, delving into specific characteristics of each component in the stages. The specific environments where
754:
Brown, Matthew W.; Silberman, Jeffrey D.; Spiegel, Frederick W. (2011-04-01). "'Slime Molds' among the
Tubulinea (Amoebozoa): Molecular Systematics and Taxonomy of Copromyxa".
471:
is a mature fruiting body containing a sorocyst. Upon germination, the sorocyst develops into the monopodial amoeba. Microcysts are also able to germinate into amoeba.
917:
514:
can be found on the excrement of many bovine and equine creatures. Within the United States, it is popularly found on the fecal matter of cattle and horses.
891:
816:
415:
average to be 23 μm in length and 7 μm in width. Within the amoeba, the nucleus size is measured at 4 μm averagely with a central nucleolus.
418:
In culture, an amoeba germinated from a sorocyst develops into a sphaerocyst after a short period of growth. The appearance of its
963:
922:
83:
475:
themselves, repeating until the fruiting body is elongated. A sorocarp can take the form of uniaxial or branched.
37:
628:
Lahr, Daniel J. G.; Parfrey, Laura
Wegener; Mitchell, Edward A. D.; Katz, Laura A.; Lara, Enrique (2011-07-22).
952:
831:
344:
407:
Upon germination, a sorocyst becomes an amoeba. The amoeba is limax-shaped and uninucleate. Their single
607:
168:
46:
869:
720:. XVI International Meeting on the Biology and Pathogenicity of Free-living AmoebaeAt: Alghero, Italy.
883:
499:
457:
230:
201:
992:
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208:
78:
391:, its mature fruiting body, is white to pale yellow, reaching a height range of 300–800 μm. The
812:
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661:
559:
392:
804:
763:
688:
651:
641:
551:
380:
and
Tubulinea are its tubular mitochondrial christae, monopodial amoeba measuring around 23
679:
Nesom, Margaret; Olive, L. S. (1972). "Copromyxa
Arborescens, A New Cellular Slime Mold".
450:
356:
135:
411:
consists of a clear hyaline cap, allowing the amoeba to move fast. The dimensions of the
24:
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A sexual cycle also seems to be apparent. Uninucleate trophic amoeba proceed with
854:
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630:"The chastity of amoebae: re-evaluating evidence for sex in amoeboid organisms"
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encysting on a substrate. Once germinated, the amoeba leaves behind a wall.
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Kostka, Martin; Lares-Jiménez, Luis
Fernando; Dyková, Iva (May 2015).
306:
fell into the latter of the two. However, further research has placed
909:
412:
397:
330:
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supergroup. Within this supergroup, it was found to be in the group
797:. In Romeralo, Maria; Baldauf, Sandra; Escalante, Ricardo (eds.).
222:
343:
just consists of one. This change was founded and implemented by
829:
935:
237:
help pinpoint its placement in its supergroup, as well as its
18:
245:
was gathered for experimental purposes is also detailed.
456:
of the supergroup
Amoebozoa. More specifically, it is a
959:
634:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
314:, leaving C. protea to be excluded from this grouping.
42:
966:
to it so that it can be listed with similar articles.
793:
Brown, Matthew
William; Silberman, Jeffrey D (2013).
404:
and uninucleated as well, averaging 8–13 μm in size.
838:
800:
Dictyostelids: Evolution, Genomics and Cell
Biology
339:fruiting bodies having multiple cell types, while
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350:It now exists within a four-species clade of
8:
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333:. It was shortly changed thereafter due to
826:
221:and ultimately ends with becoming its own
67:
795:"The Non-dictyostelid Sorocarpic Amoebae"
655:
645:
534:
490:. However, confirmation of secondary
7:
364:due to the similarities of the two.
360:has since been renamed to the genus
253:Based on physical appearance alone,
233:features like tubular mitochondrial
584:Placing the forgotten slime molds (
951:needs additional or more specific
486:which leads to the formation of a
14:
940:
717:inferred from multigene analysis
604:), using molecular phylogenetics
82:
23:
803:. Springer. pp. 219–242.
693:10.1080/00275514.1972.12019392
582:Brown, Matthew W. (May 2010).
556:10.1080/00275514.1977.12020096
464:that creates fruiting bodies.
249:Taxonomy and taxonomic history
1:
467:As mentioned previously, the
809:10.1007/978-3-642-38487-5_12
768:10.1016/j.protis.2010.09.003
711:Hartmannella cantabrigiensis
36:to comply with Knowledge's
1009:
709:Phylogenetic placement of
400:. They are smooth-walled
265:cristae and broad lobose
174:
167:
79:Scientific classification
77:
70:
49:may contain suggestions.
34:may need to be rewritten
438:Behavior and life cycle
384:, and central nucleus.
284:genes led the genus of
647:10.1098/rspb.2011.0289
525:as a nutrient source.
387:The appearance of the
352:Copromyxa/Hartmannella
345:Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf
16:Species of amoebozoans
500:cellular slime molds
460:meaning an amoeboid
310:into the supergroup
290:to be placed in the
640:(1715): 2081–2090.
458:cellular slime mold
449:found to be in the
261:due to its tubular
498:The life cycle of
325:declared the name
981:
980:
964:adding categories
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832:Taxon identifiers
818:978-3-642-38486-8
376:that place it in
200:belonging to the
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38:quality standards
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870:Copromyxa protea
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840:Copromyxa protea
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687:(6): 1359–1362.
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625:
616:
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579:
568:
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539:
520:Escherichia coli
512:Copromyxa protea
443:Copromyxa protea
372:The features of
327:Guttulina protea
319:Copromyxa protea
317:Before becoming
280:encoded subunit
218:Guttulina protea
193:Copromyxa protea
180:
178:Copromyxa protea
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72:Copromyxa protea
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787:Further reading
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272:More recently,
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136:Hartmannellidae
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762:(2): 277–287.
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606:(PhD thesis).
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550:(3): 579–591.
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257:was placed in
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196:is a cellular
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160:C. protea
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445:is the first
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302:and Acrasea.
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282:ribosomal RNA
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263:mitochondrial
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231:morphological
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169:Binomial name
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32:This article
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426:followed by
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357:Hartmannella
355:
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323:Victor Fayod
318:
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300:Dictyostelia
285:
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184:(Fayod) Zopf
177:
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159:
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52:
43:You can help
33:
864:Wikispecies
488:sphaerocyst
420:sphaerocyst
409:pseudopodia
354:. However,
267:pseudopodia
239:pseudopodia
211:history of
209:taxonomical
953:categories
529:References
480:plasmogamy
447:slime mold
424:plasmogamy
368:Morphology
274:sequencing
215:starts as
202:supergroup
198:slime mold
126:Euamoebida
993:Amoebozoa
855:Q23056682
715:Copromyxa
681:Mycologia
612:305185206
594:Fonticula
590:Copromyxa
544:Mycologia
523:(E. coli)
516:C. protea
484:karyogamy
454:Tubulinea
428:karyogamy
378:Amoebozoa
374:C. protea
362:Copromyxa
347:in 1885.
341:Copromyxa
336:Guttulina
329:for this
304:C. protea
296:Tubulinea
292:Amoebozoa
287:Copromyxa
276:of small
259:Amoebozoa
255:C. protea
243:C. protea
213:C. protea
205:Amoebozoa
154:Species:
147:Copromyxa
116:Tubulinea
106:Amoebozoa
96:Eukaryota
47:talk page
987:Category
972:May 2024
960:help out
905:MycoBank
879:Fungorum
849:Wikidata
776:21112814
666:21429931
608:ProQuest
602:Pocheina
586:Sappinia
518:can use
469:sorocarp
393:sorocyst
389:sorocarp
312:Excavata
308:Acrasids
227:protists
132:Family:
102:Phylum:
92:Domain:
55:May 2024
958:Please
897:3285717
756:Protist
657:3107637
598:Acrasis
507:Ecology
492:meiosis
462:protist
402:hyaline
278:nuclear
235:cristae
142:Genus:
122:Order:
112:Class:
923:931554
910:165898
884:165898
815:
774:
664:
654:
610:
600:, and
564:559936
562:
413:amoeba
398:amoeba
331:amoeba
229:. Its
207:. The
45:. The
451:class
223:genus
918:NCBI
892:GBIF
813:ISBN
772:PMID
662:PMID
560:PMID
482:and
962:by
805:doi
764:doi
760:162
713:to
689:doi
652:PMC
642:doi
638:278
552:doi
225:of
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811:.
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726:^
685:64
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660:.
650:.
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632:.
620:^
596:,
592:,
588:,
572:^
558:.
548:69
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430:.
382:μm
321:,
269:.
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53:(
40:.
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