107:
33:
85:
of some species. It is deposited by a male into a female genital tract, such as the vagina, and later hardens into a plug or glues the tract together. While females can expel the plugs afterwards, the male's sperm still gets a time advantage in getting to the egg, which is often the deciding factor
256:
spiders. Both male and female participation is required to create a mate plug. The male alone cannot create a functional plug. Female participation in creating a mating plugs, and her presumed benefit from them, have led to multiple studies of sexual selection on the sexual behavior of
93:
and may serve as an alternative and more advantageous strategy to active mate guarding. In some species, such a passive mate-guarding strategy may reduce selection on large male size. Such a strategy may be advantageous because it would allow a male to increase
224:
butterflies, the male deposits a waxy genital plug on the tip of the female's abdomen to prevent the female from mating again. It contains sperm and important nutrients for the female, and ensures that the male is the only one to fertilize the female's eggs.
270:, commonly known as red-sided garter snakes, males deposit a gelatinous copulatory plug to seal female snake's cloacal opening to prevent re-mating, leakage of the deposited sperm, and alters female pheromonal cues that attract mates.
943:
Knoflach, Barbara; van Harten, Antonius (August 2001). "Tidarren argo sp. nov. (Araneae: Theridiidae) and its exceptional copulatory behaviour: emasculation, male palpal organ as a mating plug and sexual cannibalism".
146:. It was found that the acids (without cycloprolylproline) were sufficient by themselves to create the plug. Researchers hypothesize that cycloprolylproline reduces female receptivity to further breeding.
854:
Contreras-Garduno, Jorge; Peretti, Alfredo V.; Cordoba-Aguilar, Alex (February 2006). "Evidence that Mating Plug is
Related to Null Female Mating Activity in the Scorpion Vaejovis punctatus".
277:
have folds in the vagina that do not occur in other mammals. The function of these folds is unknown, but it is possible that they form vaginal plugs or retain sperm after copulation.
1015:
Cardoso, Márcio Zikán; Gilbert, Lawrence E. (7 September 2006). "A male gift to its partner? Cyanogenic glycosides in the spermatophore of longwing butterflies (Heliconius)".
1339:
1113:
Butterflies of
British Columbia: Including Western Alberta, Southern Yukon, the Alaska Panhandle, Washington, Northern Oregon, Northern Idaho, and Northwestern Montana
1919:
1966:
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155:
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1869:
1864:
472:
Baer, Boris; Maile, Roland; Schmid-Hempel, Paul; Morgan, E. David; Jones, Graeme R. (2000). "Chemistry of a Mating Plug in
Bumblebees".
247:, a Sonoran Desert Fly species from the Diptera family. These plugs serve as a means of male-female control during mating interactions.
194:
2170:
1374:
980:
Dickinson, Janis L.; Rutowski, Ronald L. (July 1989). "The function of the mating plug in the chalcedon checkerspot butterfly".
1325:
37:
419:
Dunham, A. E.; Rudolf, V. H. W. (July 2009). "Evolution of sexual size monomorphism: the influence of passive mate guarding".
1834:
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238:, are only mated once, and thus make use of mating plugs to store all the sperm they collect for future use.
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361:
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1544:
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143:
1635:
1144:
790:
Voss, Robert (7 June 1979). "Male accessory glands and the evolution of copulatory plugs in rodents".
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that provides predatory defense chemicals and protein sources for developing eggs. It also acts as an
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198:
95:
433:
1991:
1529:
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1406:
1396:
1379:
1369:
656:
Strassmann, J. (March 2001). "The rarity of multiple mating by females in the social
Hymenoptera".
243:
970:
The encyclopedia of land invertebrate behaviour By Rod
Preston-Mafham, Ken Preston-Mafham. Pg 113.
201:
butterflies pass a mating plug into the genital opening of females to prevent them from remating.
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Use of a mating plug as a strategy for reproductive success can also be seen in a few taxa of
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2018:
1786:
1608:
1058:
Estrada, Catalina; Schulz, Stefan; Yildizhan, Selma; Gilbert, Lawrence E. (October 2011).
1259:
Crews, David; Garstka, William R. (1982). "The
Ecological Physiology of a Garter Snake".
1272:
1237:
867:
2050:
1280:
741:
691:
King, Richard B.; Jadin, Robert C.; Grue, Michael; Walley, Harlan D. (25 August 2009).
286:
234:
1222:"Mating plugs and sexual cannibalism in the Colombian orb-web spider Leucauge mariana"
993:
2154:
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1059:
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127:
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1093:
1060:"Sexual Selection Drives The Evolution Of Antiaphrodisiac Pheromones in Butterflies"
1044:
1001:
677:
493:
458:
2107:
2055:
1534:
1455:
510:
Primate
Sexuality: Comparative Studies of the Prosimians, Monkeys, Apes, and Humans
139:
98:
by spending more time pursuing new female mates rather than active mate guarding.
890:
1709:
1519:
1428:
1423:
693:"Behavioural correlates with hemipenis morphology in New World natricine snakes"
190:
17:
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135:
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Hernández, Linda; Aisenberg, Anita; Molina, Jorge (2018). Hebets, E. (ed.).
551:
1294:
Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M. (26 February 2009).
1085:
1036:
840:
831:
814:
749:
450:
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534:
Sauther, Michelle L. (April 1991). "Reproductive behavior of free-ranging
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2013:
1806:
1704:
1668:
1221:
799:
274:
175:
159:
1175:"Ultrastructural examination of the insemination reaction in Drosophila"
726:"Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Nonfertilizing Sperm in Mammals"
32:
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2008:
2001:
1971:
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that prevents other males from mating with the female. Similarly in
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1986:
1811:
1719:
105:
31:
2028:
1996:
1914:
1901:
1841:
1658:
1321:
363:
The Flight of the Iguana: A Sidelong View of
Science and Nature
2043:
179:
163:
919:
Sperm
Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating systems
815:"Pronuclear injection for the production of transgenic mice"
889:
Elizabeth G. Crichton; Philip H. Krutzsch (12 June 2000).
390:
241:
Another species of insect that uses a copulatory plug is
592:
Hugh Tyndale-Biscoe; Marilyn Renfree (30 January 1987).
27:
Gelatinous secretion used in the mating of some species
333:
Leonard, Janet; Cordoba-Aguilar, Alex (16 July 2010).
1173:
Alonso-Pimentel H, Tolbert LP, Heed WB (March 1994).
336:
The Evolution of Primary Sexual Characters in Animals
1940:
1900:
1855:
1820:
1777:
1644:
1355:
81:, "a seal"), is a gelatinous secretion used in the
154:Mating plugs are used by many species, including
1105:
1103:
794:. The Museum of Zoology University of Michigan.
565:Larry Vogelnest; Rupert Woods (18 August 2008).
197:. For example, to protect their paternity, male
126:was chemically analyzed and found to consist of
538:at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar".
193:and other insects and is often associated with
250:A peculiar example of mate plugging occurs in
210:butterfly uses a mating plug in the form of a
1333:
766:Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction
8:
813:Ittner, Lars M; Götz, Jürgen (10 May 2007).
89:The mating plug plays an important role in
1340:
1326:
1318:
1075:
830:
708:
697:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
540:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
432:
309:Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology
306:Feldhamer, George A. (7 September 2007).
414:
412:
410:
298:
1110:Shepard, Jon; Guppy, Crispin (2011).
651:
649:
595:Reproductive Physiology of Marsupials
7:
916:Smith, Robert L. (2 December 2012).
1865:Sexual selection in scaled reptiles
1281:10.1038/scientificamerican1182-158
742:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04406.x
507:Alan F. Dixson (26 January 2012).
25:
360:David Quammen (16 October 2012).
1077:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01352.x
876:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2006.01149.x
769:. Gulf Professional Publishing.
710:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01270.x
619:Terence Dawson (16 April 2012).
443:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01768.x
421:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
1297:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
724:Harcourt, A. H. (March 1991).
598:. Cambridge University Press.
568:Medicine of Australian Mammals
267:Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis
1:
994:10.1016/s0003-3472(89)80074-0
892:Reproductive Biology of Bats
393:. Harvard University Press.
77:
38:Richardson's ground squirrel
1540:semelparity and iteroparity
474:Journal of Chemical Ecology
339:. Oxford University Press.
2187:
73:
36:A mating plug in a female
1631:Non-reproductive behavior
1029:10.1007/s00114-006-0154-6
958:10.1017/S0952836901000954
1179:Cell and Tissue Research
42:Urocitellus richardsonii
2171:Reproduction in mammals
1349:Animal sexual behaviour
552:10.1002/ajpa.1330840409
486:10.1023/A:1005596707591
120:The mating plug of the
1498:traumatic insemination
832:10.1038/nprot.2007.145
763:Knobil, Ernst (2006).
387:Birkhead, Tim (2000).
366:. Simon and Schuster.
207:Heliconius charithonia
117:
45:
1626:Interspecies breeding
109:
35:
2140:Short-beaked echidna
1880:side-blotched lizard
1397:sexual ornamentation
1267:(5). JSTOR: 158-71.
1147:parnassius smintheus
625:. Csiro Publishing.
571:. Csiro Publishing.
221:Parnassius smintheus
199:variable checkerspot
150:Occurrence in nature
96:reproductive success
1967:Homosexual behavior
1932:Homosexual behavior
1787:Spawning strategies
1587:Bateman's principle
1407:sexy son hypothesis
1385:hormonal motivation
1380:reproductive system
1370:Sexual reproduction
1273:1982SciAm.247e.158C
1261:Scientific American
1238:2018Ethol.124....1H
1017:Naturwissenschaften
868:2006Ethol.112..152C
244:Drosophila mettleri
110:Sphragis on female
1915:Breeding behaviour
1636:Fisher's principle
1461:sexual intercourse
1402:handicap principle
1300:. Academic Press.
1191:10.1007/BF00318816
946:Journal of Zoology
895:. Academic Press.
670:10.1007/PL00001737
144:cycloprolylproline
118:
86:in fertilization.
52:, also known as a
46:
2148:
2147:
1962:Lordosis behavior
1842:Frog reproduction
1792:Polyandry in fish
1572:Sexual dimorphism
1493:sperm competition
1412:Fisherian runaway
1392:Courtship display
1307:978-0-08-091993-5
1246:10.1111/eth.12697
1123:978-0-7748-4437-6
1070:(10): 2843–2854.
929:978-0-323-14313-4
902:978-0-08-054053-5
792:Occasional Papers
776:978-0-12-515401-7
632:978-0-643-10627-7
605:978-0-521-33792-2
578:978-0-643-09928-9
520:978-0-19-954464-6
400:978-0-674-00666-9
373:978-1-4767-2873-5
346:978-0-19-971703-3
319:978-0-8018-8695-9
123:Bombus terrestris
113:Parnassius apollo
91:sperm competition
16:(Redirected from
2178:
2161:Animal sexuality
2118:ringtailed lemur
1977:African wild dog
1950:Sexual selection
1910:Sexual selection
1830:Sexual selection
1471:pseudocopulation
1365:Sexual selection
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819:Nature Protocols
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253:Leucauge mariana
228:Most species of
156:several primates
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2019:European badger
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513:. OUP Oxford.
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230:stingless bees
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1767:penis fencing
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132:linoleic acid
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128:palmitic acid
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70:Ancient Greek
68:(Latin, from
67:
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39:
34:
30:
19:
2108:olive baboon
2056:Hippopotamus
2044:domestic cat
1992:domestic dog
1920:golden eagle
1887:Crocodilians
1535:polygynandry
1456:cloacal kiss
1438:
1296:
1289:
1264:
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1225:
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1156:. Retrieved
1153:imnh.isu.edu
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1127:. Retrieved
1112:
1067:
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1053:
1023:(1): 39–42.
1020:
1016:
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985:
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922:. Elsevier.
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195:pupal mating
188:
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140:stearic acid
121:
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88:
65:
62:vaginal plug
61:
57:
53:
49:
47:
41:
29:
1847:Salamanders
1727:Echinoderms
1710:sea anemone
1693:Cephalopods
1597:cannibalism
1520:promiscuity
1439:mating plug
1429:mating call
1424:mate choice
1232:(1): 1–13.
1158:13 November
1129:13 November
664:(1): 1–13.
536:Lemur catta
191:Lepidoptera
102:Composition
50:mating plug
2155:Categories
1822:Amphibians
1802:Salmon run
1732:Gastropods
1654:Arthropods
1619:intralocus
1614:interlocus
1592:bimaturism
1451:Copulation
1444:lek mating
293:References
259:L. mariana
136:oleic acid
58:sperm plug
2089:Primates
2078:Pinnipeds
2066:Marsupial
1997:gray wolf
1757:earthworm
1742:love dart
1715:jellyfish
1684:butterfly
1577:anisogamy
1565:synchrony
1555:cuckoldry
1525:polyandry
1375:evolution
1064:Evolution
730:Evolution
622:Kangaroos
429:CiteSeerX
275:cetaceans
176:scorpions
160:kangaroos
115:butterfly
2113:mandrill
2071:kangaroo
2014:Elephant
1925:seabirds
1857:Reptiles
1807:Seahorse
1705:Cnidaria
1669:scorpion
1602:coercion
1560:seasonal
1530:polygyny
1515:monogamy
1488:external
1483:internal
1226:Ethology
1207:29013736
1094:37752151
1086:21967426
1045:39830226
1037:16957921
1002:53175858
856:Ethology
841:17546016
750:28567878
678:20893433
494:25735506
459:13617914
451:19486235
281:See also
168:reptiles
78:sphragis
66:sphragis
2130:Raccoon
2103:gorilla
2039:cheetah
2024:Felidae
2009:Dolphin
2002:red fox
1942:Mammals
1892:Tuatara
1870:lizards
1762:epitoky
1698:octopus
1357:General
1269:Bibcode
1234:Bibcode
1199:8137397
864:Bibcode
638:13 July
232:, like
184:spiders
172:rodents
74:σφραγίς
2166:Mating
2135:Rodent
2098:bonobo
2083:walrus
1982:coyote
1875:snakes
1812:Sharks
1753:Worms
1749:Sponge
1679:insect
1674:beetle
1664:spider
1582:oogamy
1304:
1205:
1197:
1120:
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1084:
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449:
431:
397:
370:
343:
316:
182:, and
142:, and
83:mating
2093:human
2051:Fossa
2034:tiger
1987:dingo
1972:Canid
1902:Birds
1835:frogs
1720:coral
1510:Modes
1203:S2CID
1090:S2CID
1041:S2CID
998:S2CID
674:S2CID
490:S2CID
455:S2CID
273:Some
64:, or
2029:lion
1797:Eels
1779:Fish
1659:crab
1302:ISBN
1195:PMID
1160:2017
1131:2017
1118:ISBN
1082:PMID
1033:PMID
924:ISBN
897:ISBN
837:PMID
771:ISBN
746:PMID
640:2013
627:ISBN
600:ISBN
573:ISBN
515:ISBN
447:PMID
395:ISBN
368:ISBN
341:ISBN
314:ISBN
204:The
180:bats
164:bees
1955:rut
1277:doi
1265:247
1242:doi
1230:124
1187:doi
1183:275
1072:doi
1025:doi
990:doi
954:doi
950:254
872:doi
860:112
827:doi
796:hdl
738:doi
705:doi
666:doi
548:doi
482:doi
439:doi
264:In
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