282:
374:
422:
197:
75:
31:
50:
345:. The range of this animal expanded as forests were cleared to create farmland. They are not simply restricted to prairie; sometimes they adapt to suburban environments, causing them to be seen as pests because of the burrows they dig. It is not unusual to find squirrels digging tunnels under the sidewalks and patios of urban homes.
512:
The
Saskatoon Wildlife Federation sponsored a 12-week "gopher derby" in 2002, in an effort to reduce what it considered an overpopulation of the squirrels. Cash prizes were awarded for the most number of animals killed, with the animals' tails being presented as proof of the kill. The Canadian Humane
390:
alarm calls are given, and are responded to by other members of the colony. Richardson's ground squirrels use two audible alarm calls, a high-pitched whistle and a 'chirp' call. The whistle is given in response to terrestrial predators, while the chirp is given in response to aerial predators such as
508:
Farmers and ranchers have developed a variety of ways to exterminate ground squirrels besides trapping, shooting and poisoning. One such process fills the burrows with a mixture of oxygen and propane and then ignites the gas mixture. This kills the ground squirrels with a concussive force that also
357:
the squirrels weigh between 200 and 275 g (0.441–0.606 lb) for females and between 350 and 450 g (0.77–0.99 lb) for males. But by the time they hibernate again, their weight may have risen to nearly 750 grams (1.65 lb). Males are slightly larger and heavier than females on
381:
Richardson's ground squirrels appear to live communally, but they organize their social structure around female kinship. A female
Richardson's ground squirrel will tolerate the presence of closely related females, but are territorial towards other individuals. Individuals are territorial around
441:, eating seeds, nuts, grains, grasses and insects (especially crickets, caterpillars and grasshoppers). They stuff their cheek pouches with seeds, which are stored in the burrow and likely eaten in spring. They are also reported to cannibalize ground squirrels killed by road traffic.
358:
average. They are dark brown on the upper side and tan underneath. The tail is shorter and less bushy than in other ground squirrels, and the external ears are so short as to look more like holes in the animal's head. Behavior is more like that of a
480:
466:
Female
Richardson's ground squirrels produce one litter per year. Litter size averages 6, though the maximum size recorded is 14. The young are born in April or May. Young ground squirrels remain underground in the
499:
in 2010, allowing local governments to employ gopher control measures. In areas with few natural predators, overpopulation and increasing density can drive ground squirrels to expand into suburban neighborhoods.
449:
Adult ground squirrels may hibernate as early as July, though in their first year, the young ground squirrels do not hibernate until
September. The males emerge from hibernation in March, and establish
601:
513:
Society called the contest cruel and barbaric. Despite the criticism, the derby was repeated in 2003. By 2004, the ground squirrel population had dropped and the contest was cancelled.
2520:
2239:
2451:
2505:
309:
after the squirrel. The nickname Dakrat is derived from "Dakota Rat" and is a commonly used name around Minot, North Dakota and on Minot Air Force Base.
2373:
2226:
365:
Males have an average life expectancy of 3 years, while females average 4 years. However, in captivity some individuals may live for 5 to 7 years.
2399:
2252:
994:
1162:
509:
collapses the tunnel systems. Even if effective, ground squirrels from outside of the treated areas will eventually spread back into the area.
2525:
773:
2540:
471:
until they are approximately 30 days old, emerging from natal burrows late May to mid-June. At emergence, the young weigh 50 to 100 grams.
1092:
353:
Typical adults are about 30 centimetres (12 in) long. Weights vary greatly with time of year and with location: at emergence from
2535:
1879:
382:
their nest sites. The burrows of
Richardson's ground squirrels are grouped closely together in colonies, and individuals give audible
454:
before the females emerge a couple of weeks later. Abandoned burrows are sometimes taken over by other grassland species such as the
2425:
1780:
651:
957:
2270:
2044:
2008:
1290:
1144:
1110:
2404:
2257:
281:
2080:
1755:
1716:
1119:
1083:
1824:
2150:
2017:
1999:
1153:
768:. National Audubon Society (Rev. ed., 2nd ed., fully rev ed.). New York: Knopf : Distributed by Random House.
298:
2338:
362:
than a typical ground squirrel. The tail is constantly trembling, so the animal is sometimes called the "flickertail".
2530:
2347:
2296:
2265:
2089:
1852:
1691:
987:
840:
625:
487:
Because they will readily eat crop species, Richardson's ground squirrels are sometimes considered to be agricultural
74:
967:
892:
2515:
2097:
1944:
1789:
1725:
1280:
918:
680:
492:
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2026:
1888:
1187:
1926:
1834:
1682:
1205:
1196:
793:
713:
2141:
2035:
1843:
1815:
1552:
1438:
1271:
1101:
2181:
2132:
2123:
2062:
1935:
1916:
1907:
1897:
1870:
1861:
1651:
1498:
980:
962:
2352:
2477:
2278:
2053:
1990:
1420:
867:
169:
1525:
972:
922:
734:
Davis, Lloyd S. (2010). "Alarm
Calling in Richardson's Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii)".
2510:
1561:
1489:
1480:
1471:
1381:
1615:
1597:
1579:
1543:
1345:
1214:
814:
573:
521:
373:
186:
39:
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421:
2165:
1642:
1354:
517:
451:
204:
69:
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663:
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196:
2464:
2360:
2213:
1624:
1588:
1570:
1246:
1133:
1072:
769:
306:
532:
The
Richardson's ground squirrel in recent years has become popular in the exotic pet trade.
2469:
2112:
1965:
1516:
1363:
1223:
743:
568:
2417:
2291:
709:
1705:
1633:
1462:
1399:
1004:
524:, Canada, has a large selection of stuffed ground squirrels of many varieties and colors.
496:
411:
242:
1660:
1534:
1507:
1429:
747:
30:
2499:
2412:
1734:
1606:
1372:
1336:
559:
550:
488:
455:
322:
260:
239:
59:
54:
2365:
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1803:
1769:
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1327:
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789:
342:
326:
302:
2323:
951:
2438:
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2386:
2332:
1979:
1318:
1176:
386:
when possible predators approach. Recent research has shown that in some cases,
359:
354:
286:
247:
146:
2204:
387:
383:
321:, Richardson's ground squirrel is found mainly in the northern states of the
1452:
1390:
1260:
818:
426:
264:
86:
479:
2317:
2198:
1237:
1054:
1026:
896:
844:
438:
294:
136:
106:
926:
688:
2378:
2231:
1061:
871:
338:
330:
318:
269:
2391:
1304:
1040:
1033:
1019:
468:
415:
407:
334:
251:. Like a number of other ground squirrels, they are sometimes called
126:
116:
96:
2175:
491:, although this is not their legal status in all jurisdictions. The
954:- Spermophilus richardsonii (Richardson's ground squirrels) videos
478:
420:
403:
372:
280:
395:
2179:
976:
602:"Out There: Cannibalistic gophers risk death for roadside meal"
766:
National
Audubon Society field guide to North American mammals
399:
963:
Information on keeping
Richardson's ground squirrels as pets
968:
Dr. Gail
Michener's site on Richardson's ground squirrel
958:
American Society of Mammalogists species account (pdf)
259:, though the latter name belongs more strictly to the
664:"Richardson's Ground Squirrel - Montana Field Guide"
2307:
2188:
2110:
1977:
1956:
1801:
1767:
1746:
1703:
1671:
1450:
1302:
1258:
1235:
1174:
1131:
1070:
675:
673:
574:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42561A22262546.en
988:
8:
2521:Fauna of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
893:"Humane society slams gopher-killing derby"
2176:
995:
981:
973:
868:"Gophers notch a win in man-rodent battle"
195:
48:
29:
20:
600:There, ANDREW McKEAN Out (4 April 2010).
572:
267:, and the former to members of the genus
1163:Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel
919:"Richardson's Ground Squirrels as Pets"
681:"Richardson's Ground Squirrels as Pets"
541:
647:
645:
7:
759:
757:
595:
593:
591:
2506:IUCN Red List least concern species
1880:Caucasian mountain ground squirrel
560:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
841:"Gophers declared 'pests' in Sask"
748:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1984.tb01362.x
293:This squirrel was named after the
14:
1138:(golden-mantled ground squirrels)
1093:Espíritu Santo antelope squirrel
866:Haggett, Scott (March 24, 2008).
821:– Parks and Recreation Department
337:, including central and southern
24:Richardson's ground squirrel
73:
2045:Southern Idaho ground squirrel
2009:Northern Idaho ground squirrel
1291:Thirteen-lined ground squirrel
1145:Golden-mantled ground squirrel
1111:White-tailed antelope squirrel
736:Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie
377:Exhibiting territorial behavior
1717:Baja California rock squirrel
1120:San Joaquin antelope squirrel
815:"Richardson's Ground Squirrel"
1:
2151:Round-tailed ground squirrel
2072:Richardson's ground squirrel
1154:Sierra Madre ground squirrel
2526:Rodents of the United States
2090:Long-tailed ground squirrel
1984:(Holarctic ground squirrels)
1947:(Spermophilus xanthoprymnus)
1853:Red-cheeked ground squirrel
1809:(Old World ground squirrels)
1692:Ring-tailed ground squirrel
222:Richardson's ground squirrel
2541:Taxa named by Joseph Sabine
2098:Washington ground squirrel
2081:Townsend's ground squirrel
1945:Asia Minor ground squirrel
1781:Père David's rock squirrel
1756:Franklin's ground squirrel
1726:California ground squirrel
1281:Rio Grande ground squirrel
1084:Harris's antelope squirrel
2557:
2027:Columbian ground squirrel
2018:Merriam's ground squirrel
2000:Belding's ground squirrel
1889:Tian Shan ground squirrel
1825:Brandt’s ground squirrel (
764:Whitaker, John O. (1996).
493:government of Saskatchewan
317:Native to the short grass
2536:Mammals described in 1858
2190:Spermophilus richardsonii
2162:
1927:Speckled ground squirrel
1835:European ground squirrel
1683:Tropical ground squirrel
1582:(N. quadrimaculatus)
1265:(little ground squirrels)
1206:Black-tailed prairie dog
1197:White-tailed prairie dog
1014:
483:In a suburban environment
285:Fossil specimen from the
213:Spermophilus richardsonii
210:
203:
194:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
2339:Urocitellus richardsonii
2309:Urocitellus richardsonii
2142:Spotted ground squirrel
2117:(pygmy ground squirrels)
2036:Wyoming ground squirrel
1938:(Spermophilus taurensis)
1917:Relict ground squirrel (
1898:Pallid ground squirrel (
1844:Daurian ground squirrel
1816:Alashan ground squirrel
1790:Forrest's rock squirrel
1591:(N. quadrivittatus)
1553:Yellow-cheeked chipmunk
1441:(M. vancouverensis)
1439:Vancouver Island marmot
1272:Mexican ground squirrel
1102:Texas antelope squirrel
1003:Living species of tribe
794:University of Lethbridge
714:University of Lethbridge
685:University of Lethbridge
553:Urocitellus richardsonii
475:Relationship with humans
227:Urocitellus richardsonii
179:Urocitellus richardsonii
2133:Perote ground squirrel
2124:Mohave ground squirrel
2063:Arctic ground squirrel
1936:Taurus ground squirrel
1929:(Spermophilus suslicus)
1908:Little ground squirrel
1871:Russet ground squirrel
1862:Yellow ground squirrel
1501:(N. cinereicollis)
1499:Gray-collared chipmunk
1391:Groundhog or woodchuck
1188:Gunnison's prairie dog
626:"Return of the Dakrats"
2153:(X. tereticaudus)
2074:(U. richardsonii)
2054:Piute ground squirrel
1991:Uinta ground squirrel
1855:(S. erythrogenys)
1774:(Asian rock squirrels)
1719:(O. atricapillus)
1573:(N. panamintinus)
1423:(M. flaviventris)
1421:Yellow-bellied marmot
1348:(M. camtschatica)
484:
429:
378:
290:
2478:Paleobiology Database
2279:Paleobiology Database
2100:(U. washingtoni)
2029:(U. columbianus)
1818:(S. alashanicus)
1490:Gray-footed chipmunk
1472:Yellow-pine chipmunk
1293:(I. tridecemlineatus)
710:"Social Organization"
567:: e.T42561A22262546.
495:declared the animals
482:
424:
376:
284:
230:), also known as the
2135:(X. perotensis)
2126:(X. mohavensis)
2083:(U. townsendii)
1891:(S. nilkaensis)
1783:(S. davidianus)
1758:(P. franklinii)
1737:(O. variegatus)
1654:(N. townsendii)
1652:Townsend's chipmunk
1600:(N. ruficaudus)
1598:Red-tailed chipmunk
1580:Long-eared chipmunk
1555:(N. ochrogenys)
1544:California chipmunk
1366:(M. himalayana)
1346:Black-capped marmot
1215:Mexican prairie dog
1077:(antelope squirrels)
652:Animal Diversity Web
630:Minot Air Force Base
606:The Billings Gazette
549:Cassola, F. (2016).
161:U. richardsonii
2144:(X. spilosoma)
2092:(U. undulatus)
2047:(U. endemicus)
1694:(N. annulatus)
1645:(N. speciosus)
1643:Lodgepole chipmunk
1526:Merriam's chipmunk
1457:(western chipmunks)
1384:(M. menzbieri)
1355:Long-tailed marmot
1321:(M. baibacina)
1249:(E. sibiricus)
1217:(C. mexicanus)
1165:(C. saturatus)
1156:(C. madrensis)
1147:(C. lateralis)
1104:(A. interpres)
1095:(A. insularis)
522:Torrington, Alberta
40:Conservation status
2531:Agricultural pests
2011:(U. brunneus)
2002:(U. beldingi)
1968:(T. striatus)
1910:(S. pygmaeus)
1846:(S. dauricus)
1837:(S. citellus)
1792:(S. forresti)
1728:(O. beecheyi)
1685:(N. adocetus)
1663:(N. umbrinus)
1627:(N. siskiyou)
1625:Siskiyou chipmunk
1589:Colorado chipmunk
1571:Panamint chipmunk
1562:Palmer's chipmunk
1546:(N. obscurus)
1528:(N. merriami)
1519:(N. durangae)
1510:(N. dorsalis)
1481:Buller's chipmunk
1414:(M. caligata)
1402:(M. sibirica)
1382:Menzbier's marmot
1247:Siberian chipmunk
1199:(C. leucurus)
1113:(A. leucurus)
1086:(A. harrisii)
1007:(ground squirrels)
929:on October 9, 2011
518:Gopher Hole Museum
485:
437:These animals are
430:
394:Predators include
379:
291:
2516:Rodents of Canada
2493:
2492:
2465:Open Tree of Life
2182:Taxon identifiers
2173:
2172:
2065:(U. parryii)
2038:(U. elegans)
1993:(U. armatus)
1966:Eastern chipmunk
1636:(N. sonomae)
1616:Allen's chipmunk
1564:(N. palmeri)
1537:(N. minimus)
1517:Durango chipmunk
1492:(N. canipes)
1483:(N. bulleri)
1474:(N. amoenus)
1465:(N. alpinus)
1432:(M. olympus)
1375:(M. marmota)
1364:Himalayan marmot
1357:(M. caudata)
1339:(M. broweri)
1224:Utah prairie dog
1208:(C. ludovicianus)
1134:Callospermophilus
1122:(A. nelsoni)
1008:
775:978-0-679-44631-6
333:, and in western
307:Flickertail state
305:is nicknamed the
219:
218:
63:
16:Species of rodent
2548:
2486:
2485:
2473:
2472:
2460:
2459:
2447:
2446:
2434:
2433:
2421:
2420:
2408:
2407:
2395:
2394:
2382:
2381:
2369:
2368:
2356:
2355:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2300:
2299:
2287:
2286:
2274:
2273:
2261:
2260:
2248:
2247:
2235:
2234:
2222:
2221:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2177:
2113:Xerospermophilus
2056:(U. mollis)
1864:(S. fulvus)
1710:(rock squirrels)
1634:Sonoma chipmunk
1463:Alpine chipmunk
1400:Tarbagan marmot
1073:Ammospermophilus
1006:
997:
990:
983:
974:
939:
938:
936:
934:
925:. Archived from
923:Gail R. Michener
915:
909:
908:
906:
904:
889:
883:
882:
880:
878:
863:
857:
856:
854:
852:
847:. March 24, 2010
837:
831:
830:
828:
826:
811:
805:
804:
802:
800:
786:
780:
779:
761:
752:
751:
731:
725:
724:
722:
720:
706:
700:
699:
697:
696:
687:. Archived from
677:
668:
667:
660:
654:
649:
640:
639:
637:
636:
622:
616:
615:
613:
612:
597:
586:
585:
583:
581:
576:
546:
504:Control measures
412:American badgers
199:
181:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2481:
2476:
2468:
2463:
2455:
2450:
2442:
2437:
2429:
2424:
2416:
2411:
2403:
2398:
2390:
2385:
2377:
2372:
2364:
2359:
2351:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2303:
2295:
2290:
2282:
2277:
2269:
2264:
2256:
2251:
2243:
2238:
2230:
2225:
2217:
2212:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2184:
2174:
2169:
2158:
2116:
2106:
2020:(U. canus)
1983:
1973:
1952:
1900:S. pallidicauda
1873:(S. major)
1808:
1797:
1773:
1763:
1742:
1709:
1706:Otospermophilus
1699:
1667:
1661:Uinta chipmunk
1618:(N. senex)
1609:(N. rufus)
1535:Least chipmunk
1508:Cliff chipmunk
1456:
1446:
1430:Olympic marmot
1405:
1393:(M. monax)
1330:(M. bobak)
1308:
1298:
1264:
1254:
1231:
1180:
1170:
1137:
1127:
1076:
1066:
1010:
1001:
948:
943:
942:
932:
930:
917:
916:
912:
902:
900:
899:. June 22, 2002
891:
890:
886:
876:
874:
865:
864:
860:
850:
848:
839:
838:
834:
824:
822:
813:
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808:
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796:
788:
787:
783:
776:
763:
762:
755:
733:
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708:
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703:
694:
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679:
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623:
619:
610:
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589:
579:
577:
548:
547:
543:
538:
530:
506:
477:
464:
447:
435:
371:
351:
315:
299:John Richardson
297:naturalist Sir
279:
243:ground squirrel
190:
183:
177:
164:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2554:
2552:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2498:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2474:
2461:
2448:
2435:
2422:
2409:
2396:
2383:
2370:
2357:
2344:
2329:
2313:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2288:
2275:
2262:
2249:
2236:
2223:
2210:
2194:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2095:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1914:
1905:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1752:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:Rock squirrel
1732:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1607:Hopi chipmunk
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1487:
1478:
1469:
1460:
1458:
1448:
1447:
1445:
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1328:Bobak marmot
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1301:
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790:"Litter Size"
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456:burrowing owl
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341:and southern
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245:in the genus
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170:Binomial name
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67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2308:
2189:
2164:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2125:
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2046:
2037:
2028:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1978:
1967:
1957:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1918:
1909:
1899:
1890:
1882:(S. musicus)
1881:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1826:
1817:
1804:Spermophilus
1802:
1791:
1782:
1770:Sciurotamias
1768:
1757:
1747:
1736:
1727:
1718:
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1674:Notocitellus
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1509:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1451:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1413:
1408:Petromarmota
1407:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1319:Gray marmot
1314:
1303:
1292:
1282:
1273:
1259:
1248:
1236:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1175:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1132:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1071:
1048:Sciuromorpha
931:. Retrieved
927:the original
913:
901:. Retrieved
887:
875:. Retrieved
861:
849:. Retrieved
835:
823:. Retrieved
809:
797:. Retrieved
784:
765:
739:
735:
729:
717:. Retrieved
704:
693:. Retrieved
689:the original
684:
658:
633:. Retrieved
629:
620:
609:. Retrieved
605:
578:. Retrieved
564:
558:
552:
544:
531:
515:
511:
507:
486:
465:
462:Reproduction
448:
436:
393:
380:
364:
352:
343:Saskatchewan
327:North Dakota
316:
303:North Dakota
292:
289:of Nebraska.
268:
256:
253:prairie dogs
252:
246:
235:
231:
226:
225:
221:
220:
212:
211:
178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
18:
2511:Urocitellus
2439:NatureServe
2387:iNaturalist
2333:Wikispecies
1980:Urocitellus
1919:S. relictus
1060:Subfamily:
580:12 November
452:territories
445:Hibernation
384:alarm calls
360:prairie dog
355:hibernation
349:Description
287:Pleistocene
248:Urocitellus
236:flickertail
148:Urocitellus
2500:Categories
1046:Suborder:
1005:Marmotini
817:. City of
695:2011-09-27
635:2020-02-28
611:2020-02-28
536:References
388:ultrasonic
325:, such as
263:of family
2324:Q21730517
1453:Neotamias
1406:Subgenus
1313:Subgenus
1309:(marmots)
1261:Ictidomys
1055:Sciuridae
1018:Kingdom:
952:Xander.it
903:March 24,
877:March 25,
851:March 24,
825:March 24,
819:Moose Jaw
799:August 8,
719:August 8,
528:Pet trade
439:omnivores
427:dandelion
425:Eating a
265:Geomyidae
155:Species:
137:Sciuridae
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
2444:2.100987
2318:Wikidata
2271:12401074
2245:10201458
2205:Q1078572
2199:Wikidata
2166:Category
1238:Eutamias
1053:Family:
1041:Rodentia
1034:Mammalia
1027:Chordata
1025:Phylum:
1020:Animalia
897:CBC News
845:CBC News
369:Behavior
319:prairies
295:Scottish
277:Taxonomy
205:Synonyms
133:Family:
127:Rodentia
117:Mammalia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2431:1001794
2379:7905336
2232:2437299
1324:
1315:Marmota
1305:Marmota
1177:Cynomys
1062:Xerinae
1039:Order:
1032:Class:
872:Reuters
433:Feeding
416:coyotes
408:weasels
391:hawks.
339:Alberta
331:Montana
313:Habitat
270:Cynomys
257:gophers
238:, is a
189:, 1822)
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
2483:457843
2470:828701
2405:930322
2392:180002
2353:741565
2258:180157
2147:
2138:
2129:
2103:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1958:Tamias
1941:
1932:
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1116:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
772:
469:burrow
404:snakes
335:Canada
232:dakrat
187:Sabine
2457:37591
2418:42561
2366:7DTRW
2297:16675
2284:51716
2240:IRMNG
2219:4YKB6
497:pests
489:pests
396:hawks
2452:NCBI
2413:IUCN
2400:ITIS
2374:GBIF
2348:BOLD
2253:ITIS
2227:GBIF
935:2011
905:2010
879:2008
853:2010
827:2010
801:2010
770:ISBN
721:2010
582:2021
565:2016
516:The
414:and
400:owls
329:and
2426:MDD
2361:CoL
2292:TSA
2266:MSW
2214:CoL
744:doi
569:doi
520:in
255:or
234:or
2502::
2480::
2467::
2454::
2441::
2428::
2415::
2402::
2389::
2376::
2363::
2350::
2335::
2320::
2294::
2281::
2268::
2255::
2242::
2229::
2216::
2201::
1410::
1317::
921:.
895:.
870:.
843:.
792:.
756:^
740:66
738:.
712:.
683:.
672:^
644:^
628:.
604:.
590:^
563:.
557:.
458:.
418:.
410:,
406:,
402:,
398:,
301:.
273:.
1921:)
1902:)
1829:)
1285:)
996:e
989:t
982:v
937:.
907:.
881:.
855:.
829:.
803:.
778:.
750:.
746::
723:.
698:.
666:.
638:.
614:.
584:.
571::
555:"
551:"
224:(
185:(
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
