Copy editing - Knowledge (XXG)

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collaborate on documents. Additionally, Google Docs users can invite others via email to view, comment, and edit any file of their choosing, and those who were invited can view and edit the document together in real time. Unlike Google Docs whose files can only be shared through the web app, Dropbox shares from a desktop app. Dropbox users can share documents as links or as shared folders. Users can create shared folders and add others to the folder. Files in a shared folder will appear in the other user's Dropbox and all involved users receive notifications when edits are made to a file in the folder. Adobe's Buzzword allows users to share files, with the user's choice from varying levels of editing access and includes a version history feature which tracks changes made to documents and lets users revert to earlier versions. Useful in many word processors, a track changes feature allows users to make changes to a document and view them separately from the original document. In Microsoft Word, users can choose whether to show or hide changes by clicking track changes under the Review ribbon. Those editing documents can leave comments by clicking wherever the user desires to leave a comment and clicking New Comment under the review ribbon or by highlighting text and clicking New Comment. Users can apply revisions and choose which level of markups to view under the Show Markup dropdown menu in the Review ribbon. Users can also choose to accept or reject changes by clicking either Accept or Reject in the Review Ribbon.

841:, as online resources rise in popularity, copy editors endeavor to meet the increase in digital consumption to the best of their abilities, and such high competition has resulted in a gradual "declining of quality in editing", such as copy editing or fact-checking. However, this does not mean that the internet has limited the scope of a copy editor's responsibilities or job opportunities. One of the most important advancements of the digital age is the advent of pagination, which gives copy editors more control over the construction and revisions of their content, and is a convenient feature in modern software. Despite the increasing number of programs, however, some copy editors believe their basic functions and duties have not changed much. Other copy editors think that the Internet has simplified fact-checking and that websites such as Facebook or Twitter have aided information-gathering. Other digital skills, such as image selection and search engine optimization, increase the visibility of search results, especially when searching for keywords in headlines. 599:

and background in statistics to help catch mistakes related to data within an article to help authors have a better chance at getting published. Statistics are an aspect of copy editing that may be helpful to understanding a broader range of topics. Understanding how to read and interpret data allows copy editors to more accurately help authors which allows them to have a greater chance of publishing their work. According to Marisha Fonseca, who wrote a study on the correlation between understanding statistics in copy-editing, there are many articles that contain statistical flaws. Although a background in statistics is not necessary to become a copy editor, the training and background in understanding quantitative data can allow copy editors to further prevent inaccuracies in data related works.

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York Newspaper Guild against a number of smaller newspapers in the summer of 1934, these actions served to shift the image of the editorial worker as a "professional" to one as an average citizen. Another strike from the year 1934 was the strike at the Macaulay Company, reportedly the first-ever strike to occur at a publishing firm. At the conclusion of the second Macaulay strike, which occurred three months after the first, the nationwide drive towards unionization had entered the publishing industry and was "sweeping through all the major publishing houses". As these events seemed to have the secondary result of lowering the status of editors across the various publishing fields, it could be said that they sparked the decline of copy editors, which can be seen across the publishing fields today.

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materials cannot be exchanged electronically. When editing in hard copy, all participating parties (the editor, author, typesetter, and proofreader) must understand the marks the copy editor makes, and therefore a universal marking system that signifies these changes exists. This is also why the copy editor should write legibly and neatly. Copy editors working hard copy write their corrections in the text directly, leaving the margins for querying. Usually, the copy editor is asked to write in a bright color so that the author and other parties can easily recognize the editor's changes.

38: 710: 564:". At sizable newspapers, the main copy desk was often U-shaped; the copy desk chief sat in the "slot" (the center space of the U) and was known as the "slot man", while copy editors were arrayed around him or her on the outside of the U, known as the "rim". In the past, copy editors were sometimes known humorously as "rim rats". Chief copy editors are still sometimes called "the slot". But nowadays, the manuscript is more often read on a 414:

audience for whom the material is being produced). These parties (together with the copy editor) work to achieve the same goal, namely, to produce an error-free publication and improve the reader experience by reducing extraneous cognitive load. The copy editor strives to improve clarity, coherence, consistency, and correctness – otherwise known as the "4 Cs", each of which serves the copy editor's "cardinal C", which is communication.

798:. This shows that the age of copy editing has now surpassed traditional methods of editing. The basics of checking grammar and punctuation are still necessary, but in the age of technology, the field of copy-editing has grown to include digital editing of various forms of media. Contemporary copy editors now have to review and understand current technology to help authors gain credibility in today's digital age. 512:, the roles and responsibilities of a copy editor have changed. For instance, beginning in 1990, copy editors learned pagination electronically. They could now look at multiple pages of a text on multiple screens and easily make their edits in that environment, as opposed to pasting physical paper cut-outs onto a board by hand. This technological advance also required that copy editors learn new software such as 464:

as a practice has not experienced any extreme upheaval other than the desktop publishing revolution of the 1980s. This phenomenon began as the result of a series of inventions that were released during the middle of this decade, and refers to the growth of technology usage in the field of copyediting. Namely, the development of the

362:), a method for keeping track of editorial decisions (recordkeeping), and procedures for incorporating the author's review of the copyediting into a final document (cleanup). These systems were originally developed in an era before that of the computer, but over time these procedures were adapted for a digital on-screen space. 87:", which includes helping an author develop an idea into a publishable manuscript, overhauling a rough draft, identifying gaps in subject coverage, devising strategies for more-effective communication of content, and creating features to enhance the final product and make it more competitive in the marketplace. 547:

commented that sometimes they "simply can't get every post before it's published". While copy editors still do traditional tasks such as checking facts, grammar, style, and writing headlines, some of their duties have been pushed aside to make way for technology. Some copy editors now have to design

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from November 17, 1934, to March 28, 1935, was "the first major action of its kind by any local guild ... both confirmed the irreversibility of the guilds' movement away from the professional association idea and greatly accelerated that process". Paired with another string of strikes led by The New

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Copy-editing symbols cannot be used in digital editing because they are not supported by tools such as track changes. With more posting online and less printing on paper, hard-copy can no longer keep pace with digital publishing. For a publisher to hire copy editors to print a hard copy, make edits,

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Proofreading: This is the final step in the editing process. Proofreading involves checking the text for typographical errors, missed grammatical mistakes, and formatting inconsistencies. It is the last line of defense before the content is published, and attempts to ensure that no minor errors slip

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Many copy editors have a college degree, often in journalism, communications, or the language of the writing that they edit. Additionally, some copy editors take it upon themselves to gain a background in topics that would further help their career. For instance, some copy editors may seek knowledge

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The nearly universal adoption of computerized systems for editing and layout in newspapers and magazines has also led copy editors to become more involved in the design and the technicalities of production. Technical knowledge is therefore sometimes considered as important as writing ability, though

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The symbols used by copy editors today are based on those that have been used by proofreaders since the beginnings of publishing, though they have undergone some changes over time. However, the exact beginnings of the copyediting language used today are unclear. Despite its long history, copyediting

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Traditional markup copyediting, or hard-copy editing, is still important because screening tests for employment may be administered in hard copy. Also, the author whose text the copy editor is editing may prefer hard-copy markup, and copy editors need to know traditional markup in case documents and

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It is the copy editor's job to typecode (or make note of) all manuscript elements for the publication designer. Hard-copy copy editors are usually asked to pencil in the type codes in the left margin of the manuscript. On-screen copy editors may be asked to insert type codes at the beginning and end

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The goal of the copy editor is to enforce inviolable rules while respecting personal stylistic preferences. This can be difficult, as some writers view grammatical corrections as a challenge to their intellectual ability or professional identity. Therefore, copy editors are encouraged to respect the

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In response to such high demands for fast-produced content, some online publications have started publishing articles first and then editing later, a process known as back-editing. Editors prioritize stories to edit based on traffic and whether the content was originally reported for needing edits.

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Copy editors can also be trained in other software programs to ensure accuracy within a writer's work. Whether using programs like illustrator, publisher, or photoshop, copy editors can obtain skills in using different types of software to help catch further errors that may be present in a writer's

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A copy editor's goals may change, depending on the publication for which they work; however, there are a few constituencies that must always be served – the author (the person who wrote or compiled the manuscript), the publisher (the person or company that pays for production), and the readers (the

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Copy editors often need to query their authors in order to address questions, comments, or explanations: most of these can be done in the margins of the text, or the comment section when on screen. The copy editor must consider when to query and the length and tone of their queries, as querying too

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According to Avery-Ahlijian, in all likelihood the internet will continue to evolve, but this should not diminish the overall importance of copy editing. Although it may be tempting to neglect proper revisions in favor of convenience, the credibility and quality of an editor's work should still be

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Besides an outstanding command of the language, copy editors need broad general knowledge for spotting factual errors; good critical thinking skills in order to recognize inconsistencies or vagueness; interpersonal skills for dealing with writers, other editors, and designers; attention to detail;

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allowed the revolution to begin. By allowing both individuals and publishing agencies alike to cheaply and effectively begin to edit compositions entirely on-screen rather than by hand, desktop publishing revolution morphed copyediting into the practice it is today. Most copy editors today rely on

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Content editing consists of reorganizing or restructuring a document. This involves any inconsistent parts of the content as well as any variances. Content editors can fix the content by either rewriting it or heavily editing it. However, the copy editor will often point out any difficult passages

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states that manuscript editing encompasses "simple mechanical corrections (mechanical editing) through sentence-level interventions (line, or stylistic, editing) to substantial remedial work on literary style and clarity, disorganized passages, baggy prose, muddled tables and figures, and the like

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Reading material has become increasingly accessible to users with a wide range of disabilities. Carolyn Rude exemplifies such cases in alternatively replacing illustrations with text and audio translations for the visually impaired. Rude also suggests that web developers attempt to stick to print

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and journalists who can edit, copy editors are seen as a luxury in publishing. The potential for a company to use editing software may also require the copy editor to only perform heavy editing and querying. Though the steps for copyediting are the same, the execution has been adapted for digital

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Substantive editing: Also known as structural or developmental editing, substantive editing delves deeper into the content's structure and organization. It addresses issues like pacing, plot development in fiction, argument strength in non-fiction, and overall content organization. This form of

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We want them to be skilled grammarians and wordsmiths and write bright and engaging headlines and must know Quark. But, often, when push comes to shove, we will let every single one of those requirements slide except the last one because you have to know that in order to push the button at the

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provides various options for how an editor's markups are shown on screen and on the printout. On-screen editing mainly differs from hard-copy editing in the fact that the copy editor should edit more cleanly on screen, refraining from saving parts of words, and be careful in maintaining proper

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One of the problems with copy-editing is that it may slow the publication of the text. With the digital publishing era came an increased demand for a fast turnover of information. Additional details such as color printing, page size, and layout are determined by the allotted budget. Web-based

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allows contemporary copy editors and writers to upload and share files across multiple devices. Online word processors allow users to perform a number of tasks. Each processor has its advantages and disadvantages based on the users' preferences, but primarily allows users to share, edit and

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Although copy editors are generally expected to make simple revisions to smooth awkward passages, they do not have a license to rewrite a text line by line, nor do they prepare material on an author's behalf. (Creating original content to be published under another person's name is called

94:. An organization's highest-ranking copy editor, or the supervising editor of a group of copy editors, may be known as the "copy chief", "copy desk chief", or "news editor". In the United Kingdom, the term "copy editor" is used, but in newspaper and magazine publishing, the term is 740:

Before the digital era, copy editors would mark errors and inconsistencies with a red pen, using a markup language of symbols which were universally known. The traditional copy editor was once defined as editing for grammar, spelling, punctuation, and other mechanics of style.

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Copy editing has three levels: light, medium, and heavy. Depending on the budget and scheduling of the publication, the publisher will let the copy editor know what level of editing to employ. The chosen type of editing will help the copy editor prioritize their efforts.

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Professionals feared that the introduction of digital editing software would end copyediting careers. Copy editors are still employed and needed for heavy edits, such as fact-checking and content organization, which are beyond the abilities of the software. With

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The biggest difference between monastic copyists and copy editors is that copy editors leave edits as suggestions that can be rejected by the writer. These printing houses established procedures for editing, preparing the text, and proofreading the first typeset

442:, was sought out by writers such as Fitzgerald, Hemingway, and Wolfe because he greatly improved the work of these prominent authors with his editorial eye. Perkins was known for editing, guiding, and befriending his writers – but the times were changing. 240:

The copy editor must also point out any biased language without infringing on the author's meaning. This includes material "that might form the basis for a lawsuit alleging libel, invasion of privacy, or obscenity". Some see censoring biased language as

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Line editing: Line editing is a more in-depth review of each line in the manuscript. It focuses on the creative content, writing style, and language use at the sentence and paragraph level. The goal is to enhance the prose, making it clear and

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Copy editing: This process focuses on the clarity, accuracy, consistency, and overall readability of the text. It involves checking for grammatical errors, punctuation mistakes, inconsistencies in style and formatting (and compliance with

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Mechanical editing is the process of closely reading a piece of writing for consistency, either internally or in accordance with the publisher's house style. According to Einsohn, mechanical editors work with such things as the following:

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in Chicago, thinks that copy editors are "a natural fit" for digital journalism and social media because, though publishing has been made available to almost anyone, quality and credibility is brought to content only by copy editors.

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Before the printing press, monastic copyists altered words or phrases they thought were odd, under the assumption that the copyist before them had made a mistake. This is what led to so much variety in standard texts like the Bible.

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Most US newspapers and publishers give copy-editing job candidates an editing test or a tryout. These vary widely and can include general items such as acronyms, current events, math, punctuation, and skills such as the use of

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Although copy editors are not responsible for factual correctness of the document, they can provide comments for the author on any information that they know to be untrue, such as year discrepancies or misleading ideas. Such

813:, do not have enough room in their budgets to keep sufficient staff to edit their massive, daily rushes of content. Therefore copy chief Emmy Favila says lower-priority posts are published without copyedits at Buzzfeed. 245:, so it is important that the copy editor distinguish between the two. To do this, the copy editor will permit intentional "politically incorrect" views and censor only marginalized, offensive, or exclusive language. 348:

those quotations. The same goes for the reprinting of tables, charts, graphs, and illustrations that have appeared in print. Rules vary for the reproduction of unpublished materials (letters, diaries, etc.)

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Understanding these distinctions is useful for authors, publishers, and editors to ensure that each piece of content undergoes the appropriate level of scrutiny and refinement before reaching its audience.

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Copy editing: As mentioned, copy editing focuses on improving the content's clarity, coherence, and consistency. It ensures that the text adheres to a particular style guide and is free from factual errors.

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Every year, more editing projects are being done on computers and fewer in print. Also, if there is a digital version of a text that the copy editor is editing, the latter can more easily search words, run

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There are basic procedures that every copy editor must follow: copy editors need a system for marking changes to the author's text (marking), a process for querying the author and the editorial coordinator

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Some manuscripts may require special cross-checking. For example, in a how-to text, a copy editor might need to verify that the list of equipment or parts matches the instructions given within the text.

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Each medium (in print and on screen) has its own affordances, and although a copy editor may prefer one editing process over the other, copy editors are practically required to use both techniques.

83:".) Furthermore, copy editors are expected to query structural and organizational problems, but they are not expected to fix these problems. In addition, copy editors do not normally engage in " 687:

Copy editing: This form of editing looks at the text from a broader perspective, ensuring consistency in style, tone, and voice. It also checks for factual accuracy and potential legal issues.

543:. What should be accounted for is that, in this digital age, information is constantly being released, which has led to a decline in the editing of the online versions. Editors of the website 75:. Outside traditional book and journal publishing, the term "copy editing" is used more broadly, and is sometimes referred to as proofreading; the term sometimes encompasses additional tasks. 220:

author's preference if it is acceptable. This practice is complicated further by volatile language conventions as recorded by books on grammar and usage, the authors of which often disagree.

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Proper spelling and punctuation are subjective in some cases, where they must be left to the discretion of the copy editor or the publisher. Most publishing firms use a widely recognized

1510: 211:. Companies that produce documents and reports but do not consider themselves publishers in the usual sense tend to rely on in-house style guides or on the judgment of the copy editor. 387:, and generate clean copies of messy pages. The first thing copy editors must do when editing on screen is to copy the author's files, as the original document must be preserved. Each 621:, UC San Diego Extension, and conferences of the American Copy Editors Society offer mid-career training for newspaper copy editors and news editors (news copy desk supervisors). 745:

and then make changes is no longer the most efficient process. The position of copy editors is at risk because software can correct grammatical errors more quickly and cheaply.

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Copy editors were employed at various publishing houses, magazines, journals, and by private authors seeking revisions to their work. Some copy editors were even employed by

958:"Knowledge (XXG), User-Generated Content, and the Future of Reference Sources" in David A. Tyckoson, John G. Dove (eds). Reimagining Reference in the 21st Century. Purdue UP 301:

Typecoding is the process of identifying which sections of the manuscript are not regular running text. These portions of text, known as elements, include the following:

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Copy editing is an important step in the editing process. It is useful to differentiate it from other forms of editing to understand its unique role and significance.

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guidelines, such as "clear and simple language and consistent terms and navigation devices", especially when readers are looking at text in a second language.

721:. The reason given is: most of the information in this section is more than ten years old. In addition, it could use some material on AI-assisted copy editing. 637:

work. Due to new developments in technology and its various uses, the training and skills that would help a copy editor are expected to change in the future.

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maintained, as there will always be updates in software and technology. As formats evolve, so too will the opportunities for journalists and other writers.

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Modern copy editors are often required to edit for digital as well as print versions of the text. Digital copyediting requires copy editors to understand

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In the late 19th century, the role of an editor was to decide if a manuscript was good enough to be published. As time passed, the role of an editor and

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The field of copy editing is not obsolete. Teresa Schmedding, president of the American Copy Editors Society (ACES) and a deputy managing editor at the

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In the United States, copy editing is often taught as a college journalism course, though its name varies. The courses often include news design and

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There were a few events that led to changes within copyediting as a career. One of these, the successful strike of the editorial department of the

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page layouts and some even edit video content. Copy editors are now sometimes referred to as "copy/layout editors" or "producers/designers".

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The Subversive Copy Editor: Advice from Chicago (or, How to Negotiate Good Relationships with Your Writers, Your Colleagues, and Yourself)

2021: 1540: 1905: 1773: 106:. Similar to print, online copy editing is the process of revising and preparing the raw or draft text of web pages for publication. 1469: 1342: 1320: 1296: 1262: 1024: 966: 1459: 2361: 497:(what you see is what you get) text processors such as Microsoft Word that are based on the original PageMaker to do their work. 1868: 257:

will require the copy editor to correlate the parts within it. Copy editors must carry out the following tasks in this process:

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became more distant. Although there was a newfound relationship between editors and authors, thoughtful editing did not end.

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often or seldom, cryptically, or sarcastically can result in a negative relationship between the copy editor and the author.

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and a sense of style. They must also set priorities and balance a desire for perfection with the need to meet deadlines.

60:") to improve quality and readability, as well as ensuring that a text is free of errors in grammar, style and accuracy. 2366: 1829: 1593: 1151: 925: 817:

does not edit its blog posts before publication, but all of its news articles are copy edited before publication, say

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In the United States, The Dow Jones Newspaper Fund sponsors internships that include two weeks of training. Also, the

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Daniel J. Leab (1970). "Toward Unionization: The American Newspaper Guild and the Newark Ledger Strike of 1934-35".

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The Copyeditor's Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing and Corporate Communications, with Exercises and Answer Keys

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The Copyeditor's Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing and Corporate Communications, with Exercises and Answer Keys

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Ethics of Using Language Editing Services in an Era of Digital Communication and Heavily Multi-Authored Papers

916: 195: 1700: 787: 782:, which may be included in digital publications. Digital editing now requires copy editors to understand 2356: 2300: 1682: 931: 242: 148: 84: 1361: 1274: 901: – Process by which transcription errors in a written or printed material are detected and removed 207: 919: – Authoritative reference book and style guide published in England by Oxford University Press 37: 2209: 778:

Copy editors must now consider multimedia aspects of the story, such as video, images, audio, and

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editing may involve reordering sections, suggesting additional content, or recommending deletions.

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Finally, if the manuscript contains long quotations from a published work that is still under

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Modernity and Print III: The United States 1890-1970 A Companion to the History of the Book

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from 1800 to 1970 came the rise of American writers and editors. One editor in particular,

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Butcher's Copy-editing: The Cambridge Handbook for Editors, Copy-editors and Proofreaders

992: 67:(substantive editing)". In the context of print publication, copy editing is done before 1972: 1525: 1461:

Women Writers in the United States: A Timeline of Literary, Cultural, and Social History

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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The Copyeditor's Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing and Corporate Communications

1384:"Book Editing Looks at Developments in the History of Book Printing and Publishing" 910: 898: 626: 536: 424: 288: 80: 72: 1275:"Types of editing: What are the three core levels? – Jo Finchen-Parsons Editorial" 1117:(4 ed.). Oakland, California: University of California Press. pp. 5–14. 1014: 872: – Editing an author's draft in preparation for its submission to publishers 2315: 2224: 1686: 904: 886: 656: 517: 509: 485: 457: 190: 152: 68: 427:. Specialist correctors ensured that texts followed the standards of the time. 2265: 1743: 1444: 603: 465: 254: 156: 1670: 2270: 1955: 1909: 1224:

treatment of special elements (headings, lists, tables, charts, and graphs)

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Developmental Editing: A Handbook for Freelancers, Authors, and Publishers

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In the United States and Canada, an editor who does this work is called a

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Copy Editing in the Digital Age: How Technology Has Changed Copy Editing

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Check the content of the illustrations against the captions and the text

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The heart of copyediting consists of making a manuscript conform to an

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is acceptable for copy editors who know the document's subject matter.

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Read the list of illustrations against the illustrations and captions

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Check the numbering of footnotes, endnotes, tables, and illustrations

344:, the copy editor should remind the author to acquire permission to 2156: 895: – Text used to explain and elaborate on published photographs 1138: 36: 1649:""Does an academic copy-editor require knowledge of statistics?"" 151:(italic or bold); appropriate choice of broad typeface category ( 2275: 1289:

The Gutenberg Revolutions A Companion to the History of the Book

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by Hewlett-Packard, and software for desktop publishing called

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Check the alphabetization of the bibliography or reference list

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Read the footnotes/endnotes and in-text citations against the

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firms who valued strong editing practices in their business.

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What Editors Do: The Art, Craft and Business of Book Editing

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Rewritten and updated: Brian S. Brooks and James L. Pinson.

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Baskette, Floyd K., Jack Z. Sissors, & Brian S. Brooks.

1541:"A look at the numbers: Editing job losses in the newsroom" 30:

For information about copy editing on Knowledge (XXG), see

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or written manuscript, manually marking it with editor's "

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Butcher, Judith; Drake, Caroline; Leach, Maureen (2006).

1830:"5 Great Alternatives to Google Docs You Should Consider" 1307: 1305: 889: – Process of arranging material on a newspaper page 159:, other), especially in mathematical or scientific texts) 1936:

Rude, Carolyn D.; Dayton, David; Maylath, Bruce (2006).

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format of footnotes or endnotes and other documentation.

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Mark My Words: Instruction and Practice in Proofreading

1720:"Copy Editing vs. Proofreading: What's the Difference?" 921:

Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

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Additional elements, such as charts, tables, and graphs

1701:"How to Copy Edit: A Guide to Copy Editing Everything" 1337:(Second ed.). Bedford/St. Martin's. p. 387. 987: 985: 2088:, 2nd edn. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. 1973:"Copy Editors Carve Niche in Digital Media Landscape" 1526:"Copy Editors Carve Niche in Digital Media Landscape" 907: – Standard for writing and design of documents 821:

copy chief Lowen Liu and deputy editor Julia Turner.

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Improving the formatting, style, and accuracy of text

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Example of non-professional copy editing in progress

2258: 2192: 1797:"Four Differences Between Google Drive and Dropbox" 864: – Annual award for excellence in copy editing 858: – Professional organization for copy editors 2081:, 3rd edn. Menlo Park, Cal.: Crisp Learning, 2001. 1746:. Editors' Association of Canada. 12 December 2009 1356: 1354: 1186:. Berkeley, California: University of California. 1092:. Berkeley, California: University of California. 229:for the author to resolve on his or her own time. 2139:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2023. 1770:"Will Automated Copy Editors Replace Human Ones?" 928: – Academic style guide for American English 913: – Book on English usage by Associated Press 271:Specify the placement of tables and illustrations 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 56:) is the process of revising written material (" 1333:Harrigan, Jane R.; Dunlap, Karen Brown (2003). 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1083: 1081: 1079: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1065: 1063: 878: – Text at the top of a newspaper article 629:, headline writing, infographics editing, and 249:Correlating parts, typecoding, and permissions 2172: 2151:The Copyeditor's Guide to Substance and Style 2132:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009. 2095:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009. 1861:"Overview of Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides" 1061: 1059: 1057: 1055: 1053: 1051: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1043: 8: 2063:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 2012:The Art of Editing in the Age of Convergence 1675:Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 556:Traditionally, the copy editor would read a 2153:, 3rd edn. Alexandria, VA: EEI Press, 2006. 2146:, 3rd edn. Alexandria, VA: EEI Press, 1997. 1619:"Workshop: Keeping your copy editors happy" 641:Differentiating from other forms of editing 619:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 568:and text corrections are entered directly. 2179: 2165: 2157: 1967: 1965: 1242:. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. p. 50. 1240:Copyediting & Proofreading for Dummies 572:this is truer in journalism than it is in 1975:. American Journalism Review. 13 May 2014 1855: 1853: 1851: 2137:The Chicago guide to copyediting fiction 1795:Alghini, Christopher (23 October 2013). 1113:Einsohn, Amy; Schwartz, Marilyn (2019). 2000:, 2nd edn. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. 1509:(Thesis). Eastern Michigan University. 1458:Cynthia J. Davis, Kathryn West (2006). 946: 794:feeds, as well as creative tools like 576:. Hank Glamann, the co-founder of the 2113:Rude, Carolyn D. & Angela Eaton. 2051:Einsohn, Amy & Marilyn Schwartz. 1931: 1929: 1927: 1642: 1640: 1503:Avery-Ahlijian, Angela Anne. (2011). 7: 2007:, 8th edn. Allyn & Bacon, 2004. 539:(such as Twitter and Facebook), and 1998:McGraw-Hill's Proofreading Handbook 1940:(4th ed.). New York: Longman. 1594:"The Power and Perils of Headlines" 1592:Deborah Howell (October 28, 2007). 1315:, p. 369. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford. 1291:, p. 211. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford. 953:The document is then published as: 837:According to a 2011 publication by 807:publications, such as BuzzFeed and 175:Gilad also mentions the following: 2117:, 5th edn. Boston: Longman, 2010. 1658:: 46 – via Essay Statistics. 1220:use of abbreviations and acronyms 1216:treatment of numbers and numerals 955:Phoebe Ayers (November 11, 2014). 480:); as well as others, such as the 182:Page numbers, headers, and footers 147:Italicization (appropriate use of 25: 1871:from the original on Apr 27, 2016 1836:from the original on Apr 19, 2016 1744:"Definitions of editorial skills" 1513:from the original on Sep 8, 2023. 757:The technological development of 474:Xerox multilingual character code 102:refers to the textual content of 32:Knowledge (XXG):Basic copyediting 1832:. Make Use Of. 26 October 2009. 1776:from the original on Apr 8, 2016 1718:Calonia, Jennifer (2022-09-06). 1524:Dan Appenfeller (May 13, 2014). 708: 1799:. Coolhead Tech. Archived from 1768:King, Michael (14 April 2014). 1362:"History of Desktop Publishing" 434:After the globalization of the 2079:Copyediting: A Practical Guide 1772:. American Journalism Review. 1013:Stainton, Elsie Myers (2002). 1: 2291:Pundit / Commentator 1647:Fonseca, Marisha (May 2013). 1222:use of italics and bold type 1206:). Editorial style includes: 1019:. Columbia University Press. 882:List of American copy editors 856:ACES: The Society for Editing 578:American Copy Editors Society 470:Viewpoint desktop environment 2014:, 11th edn. Routledge, 2017. 1539:Fred Vultee (June 1, 2013). 1439:. Tamiment Institute: 3–22. 1156:Sparkle Web Digital Services 590:Traits, skills, and training 2086:The Fine Art of Copyediting 2026:(4th ed.). Cambridge: 1016:The Fine Art of Copyediting 961:. Purdue University Press. 926:The Chicago Manual of Style 332:Figure numbers and captions 202:The Chicago Manual of Style 63:The Chicago Manual of Style 2393: 2102:. Dublin: Claritas, 2015. 2028:Cambridge University Press 839:Angela Anne Avery-Ahlijian 780:search engine optimization 128:Abbreviations and acronyms 29: 1445:10.1080/00236567008584104 1141:. Retrieved 24 July 2014. 1115:The Copyeditor's Handbook 717:This section needs to be 508:Owing to the rise of the 1656:European Science Editing 1287:Hellinga, Lotte (2009). 1218:treatment of quotations 766:Contemporary copy editor 611:American Press Institute 311:Headings and subheadings 305:Part and chapter numbers 2362:Technical communication 2266:Journalists (reporters) 2100:A Dictionary of Editing 2084:Myers Stainton, Elsie. 1906:"Track changes in Word" 1238:Gilad, Suzanne (2007). 1152:"What is Copy Editing?" 993:"What Is Copy Editing?" 917:New Oxford Style Manual 833:Effects of the internet 649:Vs. substantive editing 389:word-processing program 265:that appear in the text 196:New Oxford Style Manual 2372:Journalism occupations 2128:Saller, Carol Fisher. 1671:"Contemporary editing" 627:Associated Press style 587: 284:against the manuscript 138:Footnotes and endnotes 42: 2059:Ginna, Peter (2017). 1689:– via ProQuest. 1405:Allen Renear (2002). 1180:Einsohn, Amy (2011). 1088:Einsohn, Amy (2011). 932:Oxford English Corpus 582: 486:desktop laser printer 243:political correctness 85:developmental editing 40: 1568:"What's a slot man?" 1409:. The Gale Group Inc 1407:"Desktop Publishing" 552:Changes in the field 308:Titles and subtitles 162:Numbers and numerals 2367:Writing occupations 2210:Contributing editor 2098:Ó Brógáin, Séamas. 1669:Loop, Mead (2000). 1598:The Washington Post 1386:. The Authors Guild 1311:Luey, Beth (2009). 468:computer, with its 320:Displayed equations 2149:Stroughton, Mary. 2135:Amy J. Schneider. 2005:The Art of Editing 1625:on 7 February 2006 1137:Lozano, George A. 522:Affinity Publisher 476:(the precursor of 208:The Canadian Style 119:Mechanical editing 54:manuscript editing 43: 2344: 2343: 2215:Assignment editor 2115:Technical editing 2108:978-0-9934649-0-4 2070:978-0-226-29983-9 2037:978-0-521-84713-1 1996:Anderson, Laura. 1938:Technical editing 1547:on August 9, 2016 1335:The Editorial Eye 1249:978-0-470-12171-9 1193:978-0-520-27156-2 1124:978-0-520-28672-6 1099:978-0-520-27156-2 796:Adobe Illustrator 738: 737: 631:journalism ethics 615:Poynter Institute 378:On-screen editing 369:Hard-copy editing 337:of each element. 282:table of contents 215:Grammar and usage 71:and again before 16:(Redirected from 2384: 2321:Gossip columnist 2230:Political editor 2187:Journalism roles 2181: 2174: 2167: 2158: 2125:. OCLC 60188071. 2074: 2048: 2046: 2044: 1985: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1969: 1960: 1959: 1933: 1922: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1902: 1881: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1857: 1846: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1826: 1813: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1792: 1786: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1765: 1756: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1740: 1734: 1733: 1731: 1730: 1715: 1709: 1708: 1697: 1691: 1690: 1666: 1660: 1659: 1653: 1644: 1635: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1615: 1609: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1589: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1563: 1557: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1543:. Archived from 1536: 1530: 1529: 1521: 1515: 1514: 1500: 1483: 1482: 1480: 1478: 1455: 1449: 1448: 1428: 1419: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1402: 1396: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1380: 1374: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1358: 1349: 1348: 1330: 1324: 1309: 1300: 1285: 1279: 1278: 1277:. 29 April 2020. 1271: 1265: 1260: 1254: 1253: 1235: 1229: 1228: 1177: 1171: 1170: 1168: 1167: 1158:. Archived from 1148: 1142: 1135: 1129: 1128: 1110: 1104: 1103: 1085: 1038: 1037: 1035: 1033: 1010: 1004: 1003: 1001: 999: 989: 980: 979: 977: 975: 951: 922: 751:grammar software 733: 730: 724: 712: 711: 704: 682:Vs. line editing 668:Vs. proofreading 566:computer display 562:correction marks 454:public relations 263:cross-references 21: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2382: 2381: 2377:Editors by type 2347: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2254: 2250:Editorial board 2245:Editor-in-chief 2240:Editor-at-large 2235:Managing editor 2188: 2185: 2091:Norton, Scott. 2071: 2058: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2019: 1993: 1988: 1978: 1976: 1971: 1970: 1963: 1948: 1935: 1934: 1925: 1915: 1913: 1904: 1903: 1884: 1874: 1872: 1859: 1858: 1849: 1839: 1837: 1828: 1827: 1816: 1806: 1804: 1803:on Apr 14, 2016 1794: 1793: 1789: 1779: 1777: 1767: 1766: 1759: 1749: 1747: 1742: 1741: 1737: 1728: 1726: 1717: 1716: 1712: 1699: 1698: 1694: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1651: 1646: 1645: 1638: 1628: 1626: 1617: 1616: 1612: 1602: 1600: 1591: 1590: 1586: 1576: 1574: 1565: 1564: 1560: 1550: 1548: 1538: 1537: 1533: 1523: 1522: 1518: 1502: 1501: 1486: 1476: 1474: 1472: 1457: 1456: 1452: 1430: 1429: 1422: 1412: 1410: 1404: 1403: 1399: 1389: 1387: 1382: 1381: 1377: 1367: 1365: 1360: 1359: 1352: 1345: 1332: 1331: 1327: 1310: 1303: 1286: 1282: 1273: 1272: 1268: 1263:Cyranoworks.com 1261: 1257: 1250: 1237: 1236: 1232: 1225: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1215: 1213: 1212:capitalization 1211: 1209: 1207: 1200:editorial style 1194: 1179: 1178: 1174: 1165: 1163: 1150: 1149: 1145: 1136: 1132: 1125: 1112: 1111: 1107: 1100: 1087: 1086: 1041: 1031: 1029: 1027: 1012: 1011: 1007: 997: 995: 991: 990: 983: 973: 971: 969: 954: 952: 948: 944: 939: 920: 851: 835: 804: 768: 734: 728: 725: 722: 713: 709: 702: 684: 670: 651: 643: 592: 585:appointed time. 574:book publishing 554: 440:Maxwell Perkins 420: 411: 402: 380: 371: 355: 251: 226: 224:Content editing 217: 121: 116: 48:(also known as 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2390: 2388: 2380: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2349: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2286:News presenter 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2255: 2253: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2183: 2176: 2169: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2147: 2142:Smith, Peggy. 2140: 2133: 2126: 2111: 2096: 2089: 2082: 2075: 2069: 2056: 2049: 2036: 2017: 2016: 2015: 2001: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1986: 1961: 1946: 1923: 1882: 1847: 1814: 1787: 1757: 1735: 1710: 1692: 1661: 1636: 1610: 1584: 1558: 1531: 1516: 1484: 1470: 1450: 1420: 1397: 1375: 1350: 1343: 1325: 1301: 1280: 1266: 1255: 1248: 1230: 1192: 1172: 1143: 1130: 1123: 1105: 1098: 1039: 1025: 1005: 981: 967: 945: 943: 940: 938: 937: 936: 935: 929: 923: 914: 902: 896: 890: 884: 879: 873: 870:Author editing 867: 866: 865: 862:Robinson Prize 852: 850: 847: 834: 831: 803: 800: 767: 764: 754:environments. 736: 735: 716: 714: 707: 701: 698: 693: 692: 688: 683: 680: 679: 678: 674: 669: 666: 665: 664: 660: 650: 647: 642: 639: 591: 588: 553: 550: 514:Adobe InDesign 484:computer, the 419: 416: 410: 407: 401: 398: 385:spell checkers 379: 376: 370: 367: 354: 351: 334: 333: 330: 327: 324: 321: 318: 315: 312: 309: 306: 295: 294: 291: 285: 278: 275: 272: 269: 266: 250: 247: 225: 222: 216: 213: 187: 186: 183: 180: 173: 172: 169: 166: 163: 160: 145: 140: 135: 134:Capitalization 132: 129: 120: 117: 115: 112: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2389: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2354: 2352: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2306:Correspondent 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2281:Meteorologist 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2257: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2220:Public editor 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2182: 2177: 2175: 2170: 2168: 2163: 2162: 2159: 2152: 2148: 2145: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2094: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2080: 2077:Judd, Karen. 2076: 2072: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2054: 2050: 2039: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2024: 2018: 2013: 2009: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1999: 1995: 1994: 1990: 1974: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1943: 1939: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1911: 1907: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1835: 1831: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1802: 1798: 1791: 1788: 1775: 1771: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1745: 1739: 1736: 1725: 1721: 1714: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1696: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1665: 1662: 1657: 1650: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1624: 1620: 1614: 1611: 1599: 1595: 1588: 1585: 1573: 1569: 1562: 1559: 1546: 1542: 1535: 1532: 1527: 1520: 1517: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1473: 1471:9780195358124 1467: 1464:. Oxford UP. 1463: 1462: 1454: 1451: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1433:Labor History 1427: 1425: 1421: 1408: 1401: 1398: 1385: 1379: 1376: 1363: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1346: 1344:9780312152703 1340: 1336: 1329: 1326: 1322: 1321:9781405192781 1318: 1314: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1297:9781405192781 1294: 1290: 1284: 1281: 1276: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1259: 1256: 1251: 1245: 1241: 1234: 1231: 1227: 1205: 1202:(also called 1201: 1195: 1189: 1185: 1184: 1176: 1173: 1162:on 2016-05-28 1161: 1157: 1153: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1134: 1131: 1126: 1120: 1116: 1109: 1106: 1101: 1095: 1091: 1084: 1082: 1080: 1078: 1076: 1074: 1072: 1070: 1068: 1066: 1064: 1062: 1060: 1058: 1056: 1054: 1052: 1050: 1048: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1028: 1026:9780231124782 1022: 1018: 1017: 1009: 1006: 994: 988: 986: 982: 970: 968:9781557536983 964: 960: 959: 950: 947: 941: 933: 930: 927: 924: 918: 915: 912: 909: 908: 906: 903: 900: 897: 894: 893:Photo caption 891: 888: 885: 883: 880: 877: 874: 871: 868: 863: 860: 859: 857: 854: 853: 848: 846: 842: 840: 832: 830: 826: 822: 820: 816: 812: 811: 801: 799: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 776: 773: 765: 763: 760: 759:cloud storage 755: 752: 746: 742: 732: 720: 715: 706: 705: 699: 697: 689: 686: 685: 681: 675: 672: 671: 667: 661: 658: 653: 652: 648: 646: 640: 638: 634: 632: 628: 622: 620: 616: 612: 607: 605: 600: 596: 589: 586: 581: 579: 575: 569: 567: 563: 559: 551: 549: 546: 542: 538: 534: 529: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 506: 503: 502:Newark Ledger 498: 496: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 461: 459: 455: 450: 448: 443: 441: 437: 432: 428: 426: 425:galley proofs 417: 415: 408: 406: 399: 397: 395: 390: 386: 377: 375: 368: 366: 363: 361: 352: 350: 347: 343: 338: 331: 328: 325: 323:Table numbers 322: 319: 316: 313: 310: 307: 304: 303: 302: 299: 292: 290: 286: 283: 279: 276: 273: 270: 267: 264: 260: 259: 258: 256: 248: 246: 244: 238: 236: 235:fact-checking 230: 223: 221: 214: 212: 210: 209: 204: 203: 198: 197: 192: 184: 181: 178: 177: 176: 170: 167: 164: 161: 158: 154: 150: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 133: 130: 127: 126: 125: 118: 113: 111: 107: 105: 101: 97: 93: 88: 86: 82: 76: 74: 70: 65: 64: 59: 55: 51: 47: 39: 33: 19: 2357:Copy editing 2336:Photographer 2331:Staff writer 2326:News analyst 2311:Fact checker 2204: 2150: 2143: 2136: 2129: 2114: 2099: 2092: 2085: 2078: 2060: 2052: 2043:18 September 2041:. 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