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to mitigate the depression’s impact on residents statewide. Despite this resistance, he instituted a pension program for blind
Pennsylvanians, approved regulations to punish banks and corporations for misconduct, established the first environmental protection agency in America and a sanitary water board, launched a transportation initiative that upgraded 20,000 miles of rural roads, reduced utility rates, and repealed voting rights restrictions requiring Pennsylvanians to provide proof of residence by presenting copies of their tax receipts before voting.
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247:, in 1881, Cornelia Bryce was a daughter of Lloyd Stephens Bryce (1851–1917) and Edith (Cooper) Bryce (1854-1916), and a great-granddaughter of Peter Cooper, founder of Cooper Union, a science and engineering college in New York City which made its educational offerings available free of charge to every student admitted. Her siblings were
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in New York City. His remains were returned to
Pennsylvania for burial at the family’s mausoleum at the Milford Cemetery, not far from Grey Towers. Three years later, she was one of the speakers who addressed the audience assembled on June 15, 1949, for the renaming of the Columbia National Forest to
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when the state’s unemployment rate was at 11.8 percent—a rate that would climb to 40.2 percent as the nationwide and worldwide financial and social crises deepened, and as the heavily conservative state legislature opposed his efforts to create an unemployment compensation system and other programs
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It was during this time of their lives that
Cornelia Pinchot assumed management of Grey Towers. Realizing the 43-room fieldstone chateau and its surrounding 102 acres could be a hub for her family's conservation and political activities, she “made sweeping changes in the design and use of the home,
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Among family and friends, Cornelia Bryce was referred to as “Leila.” Educated in private schools and via family trips to Europe, she was reportedly an energetic, independent, and striking woman who “dressed in flamboyant clothes and dyed her hair red.” Her close friend Teddy
Roosevelt would grow to
342:, was witnessed by Roosevelt and other friends, but her happiness was dampened when her mother-in-law died several days later. Shortly thereafter, her husband and his brother, Amos, inherited their family’s estate—Grey Towers—and she and her husband began their tradition of spending summers there.
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Cornelia Bryce continued to be active in the suffrage movement, serving as secretary of the
Pennsylvania Women's Suffrage Association in 1918 and 1919, while the association was lobbying the Pennsylvania state legislature for ratification of the 19th amendment. After its ratification, she became
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But her life was not all politics. In 1929, she traveled with her husband “to the South Sea islands” as part of an eight-month expedition to study “bird and shell life,” and engage in “deep-sea diving, fishing for man-eating sharks and hiking over lava-encrusted volcanoes.” Known today as the
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and other women’s organizations. During his first term in office, her husband succeeded in eliminating a $ 23 million state budget deficit by reorganizing state government operations. He also worked to improve laws regarding the care and treatment of developmentally disabled and mentally ill
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In 1934, she attempted to succeed her husband as governor, but was unsuccessful in her bid for higher office. “If you are a woman and marry a
Pinchot, or if you elect to buck the dominant political machine (and one follows the other as the night the day), you must expect to lose just so
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Understanding that
Pennsylvania's economic recovery would fail if the state failed to improve the quality of life for the commonwealth's poorest residents, Cornelia Pinchot took an active part, as First Lady, in furthering her husband's strategy of “human conservation.”
455:“With a girl of 14 on one arm and another girl on the other, she tramped up and down past the (shirt) factory, chatted with the marchers and expressed a determination to do everything she could to get the youthful garment workers back into school ‘where they belong.’”
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Pennsylvanians, as well as the regulation of electric power companies, and also oversaw the creation of a state employee retirement system and a pension plan for other elderly residents of the state. In 1923, he took action to settle a strike by coal miners.
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Post-war, she traveled across Europe to study the difficulties
European leaders were having in feeding and providing services for the large number of children and adults made homeless by the war. In 1949, she was appointed as a delegate to the
472:. After the Pinchot family returned home, Cornelia Pinchot gave free lectures at schools and movie theaters in conjunction with screenings of a documentary about the expedition that had been filmed by expedition photographer Howard H. Cleaves.
448:, but lost that Congressional election in 1926 and two others within a ten-year period (in 1928 and 1932). Following her last defeat in 1932 she said "People did not seem as anxious to send me to Congress as I was to go."
733:
Gifford
Pinchot Weds Miss Bryce—Progressive Senatorial Nominee Marries Daughter of Gen. and Mrs. Lloyd S. Bryce—Quiet Nuptials at Roslyn—Col. and Mrs. Roosevelt, ex-Ambassador Bacon, and Mr. and Mrs. J.R. Garfield Among
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to beautify the estate’s grounds. Aldrich devised a raised, stone-enclosed swimming pool area, a playhouse (the Bait Box) for the
Pinchots’ son, a cottage (the Letter Box) for use by her husband’s political staff, and a
338:,” an effort by former president Theodore Roosevelt to recruit candidates and other supporters to a third political party he was trying to form in the United States. Her marriage, which was held at her parents’ home in
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And she continued to be active in politics in her own right. An advocate for the reform of labor laws, improved educational opportunities for women, and the unionization of tradesmen, she ran for a seat in the
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In 1911, her father was appointed envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to the Netherlands, a post he held for two years. The following year, she became an outspoken Progressive.
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722:“The Pinchots and the Greatest Good: How One Family Improved Social Justice and Civil Rights in America,” Grey Towers National Historic Site, United States Department of Agriculture.
451:“Dressed in red,” in 1933, “she joined the picket lines of teen-age boys and girls who … walked out of (Pennsylvania) textile plants because they as little as 57 cents a week”:
766:“Gifford Bryce Pinchot (1915-1989),” in “Grey Towers National Historic Site.” Washington, D.C.: Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, retrieved online June 15, 2021.
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In 1955, she worked with staff of the U.S. Forestry Service to prepare a series of radio broadcasts to increase public awareness about the importance of conservation.
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Cornelia Bryce Pinchot, left, with Mrs. J. Gordon Douglas, Mrs. Cornelius Tangeman, and Mrs. Katherine McCook Knox, women's suffrage parade, New York City, 1917.
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She oversaw the transformation of the home’s separate breakfast and dining rooms into a large sitting room and an expansion of the library, and worked with
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and was one of the first prominent women to take a ride in an airplane.” She also “encouraged women to take an active part in politics and career.”
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562:,” in “Grey Towers National Historic Site.” Washington, D.C.: Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, retrieved online June 14, 2021.
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Termed out of office due to Pennsylvania state law which prohibited him from seeking consecutive terms, her husband ran in, but lost, the
391:. She campaigned vigorously for him and played a key role in swaying the women’s vote in her husband’s favor by securing support from the
605:,” in “Pennsylvania Governors.” Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, retrieved online June 14, 2021.
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1042:.” University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Center for the Book, The Pennsylvania State University, retrieved online June 14, 2021.
592:.” Milford, Pennsylvania: Grey Towers National Historic Site, United States Department of Agriculture, retrieved online June 18, 2021.
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on September 9, 1960, at her home at 1615 Rhode Island Avenue N.W. in Washington, D.C. Funeral services were held in the city at
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1068:” (PDF, September 29, 2005). Durham, North Carolina: The Forest History Society, archived from the original on October 28, 2012.
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To the South seas; the cruise of the schooner Mary Pinchot to the Galapagos, the Marquesas, and the Tuamotu islands, and Tahiti
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643:“Cornelia Bryce Pinchot (1881-1960),” in “Grey Towers National Historic Site,” Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
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on September 12 at 2 p.m., followed by a second service the next day at Church of the Good Shepherd in Milford, Pennsylvania.
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Cornelia Bryce Pinchot (1881-1960),” in “Grey Towers National Historic Site,” Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
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Mrs. Gifford Pinchot Is Dead; Widow of Governor Was 79; Ran for Congress Twice—Sought Husband's Post in Pennsylvania in 1934
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908:, Winter 2004. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, retrieved online June 14, 2021.
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579:, Fall 1997. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission,” retrieved online June 14, 2021.
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in Pennsylvania. He then sought and won a second, non-consecutive term as governor, defeating John M. Hemphill in the
334:, the first chief of the U.S. Forest Service and a Progressive Party member she had met two years earlier during the “
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172:(August 20, 1881 – September 9, 1960), also known as “Leila Pinchot,” was a 20th-century American conservationist,
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Her parents subsequently died within a year of one another—on April 29, 1916, and April 2, 1917, respectively.
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Making Common Cause for Conservation: The Pinchot Institute and Grey Towers National Historic Site, 1963-2013
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1122:." Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, retrieved online June 16, 2021.
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In 1915, Cornelia Pinchot gave birth to her only child—Gifford Bryce Pinchot (1915-1989)—on December 22 in
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A founding member of the Committee of 100 and major donor to the education and legal defense funds of the
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movement—"a cause she supported vigorously.” In addition, she became an early financial supporter of the
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227:(NAACP) during the organization's first years of operation, she has been described by historians at the
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784:“Governor Gifford Pinchot,” in “Pennsylvania Governors,” Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.
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The Pinchots and the Greatest Good: How One Family Improved Social Justice and Civil Rights in America
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admire and later extol her incisive understanding of politics. In 1887, her father was elected to the
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275:, he held that seat until 1889, but was not reelected. From 1889 to 1896, he owned and operated the
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891:, Spring/Fall 2013. Durham, North Carolina: Forest History Society, retrieved online June 18, 2021.
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259:, and Peter Cooper Bryce (1889-1964), an officer with the U.S. Cavalry who served stateside during
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Shortly after the United States entered World War II, Cornelia Pinchot began volunteering for the
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often—possibly half the time. But it is a good game,” she said, “whether one loses or not."
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1098:." Milford, Pennsylvania: Grey Towers Heritage Association, retrieved online June 18, 2021.
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Burial of Gifford and Cornelia Pinchot at the Milford Cemetery, in "Third Generation," in "
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1115:." Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State Archives, retrieved online June 16, 2021.
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Correspondence between Mrs. Gifford Pinchot and Gertrude Howard Olmstead McCormick, in "
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Voda, Mary, “The Lady in Red: Cornelia Bryce Pinchot, Feminist for Social Justice,” in
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as “one of the most politically active first ladies in the history of Pennsylvania.”
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660:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. House of Representatives, retrieved online June 14, 2021.
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in the work place,” and became a member of her “local school board, supported
307:(NAACP), donating $ 120,000 to its education and defense fund, “spoke out for
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874:, pp. 261-263, 309-310. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. ISBN 1-55963-822-2.
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Cornelia Pinchot and family at Grey Towers, Milford, Pennsylvania, c. 1921.
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Wolensky, Kenneth, “‘He, on the Whole, Stood First’: Gifford Pinchot,” in
801:, December 1, 1985 (subscription required; retrieved online June 15, 2021.
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Wolensky, Kenneth. “‘He, on the Whole, Stood First’: Gifford Pinchot, in
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On October 4, 1946, she was widowed by her husband when he died from
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The Lady in Red: Cornelia Bryce Pinchot, Feminist for Social Justice
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Scientific Conference on Conservation and Utilization of Resources.
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Gov. and Mrs. Gifford Pinchot, Pennsylvania Capitol Building, 1926.
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during World War II before joining the faculty at Yale and then
357:. Raised at Grey Towers, her son would go on to graduate from
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Gifford Pinchot Dies; Served Pennsylvania Twice as Governor
829:"Cornelia Bryce Pinchot: Feminism in the Post-Suffrage Era"
299:, Cornelia Bryce’s own political career was sparked by the
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
204:(1851–1917). She played a key role in the improvement of
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Gifford Pinchot and the Making of Modern Environmentalism
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Conservationist, politician, and women's rights activist
995:. New York, New York: Blue Ribbon Books, Inc., c. 1930.
184:(1865-1946), the renowned conservationist and two-time
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She was interred at the Milford Cemetery in Milford.
691:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
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Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
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active in the newly created League of Women Voters.
281:, the first literary magazine in the United States.
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976:“Mrs. Gifford Pinchot, 79, Widow of Ex-Governor,”
389:28th Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
902:‘He, on the Whole, Stood First’: Gifford Pinchot
400:making it ‘more fitting as a Governor’s home.’”
373:(1958), where he later became a full professor.
188:, and was also a close friend of U.S. President
192:. She was the maternal great-granddaughter of
939:Mrs. Gifford Pinchot, 79, Widow of Ex-Governor
431:. He took office during the early part of the
1085:, September 10, 1960 (subscription required).
757:, June 7, 1916, p. 8 (subscription required).
537:St. John’s Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square
229:Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission
200:, and daughter of U.S. Congressman and Envoy
8:
365:School of Medicine (1942), and serve in the
186:Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
1196:First ladies and gentlemen of Pennsylvania
740:, August 16, 1914 (subscription required).
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383:On November 7, 1922, her husband won the
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677:, June 25, 1912 (subscription required).
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919:"POLITICAL NOTES: Puddler & Mammon"
795:Steamboat Is a Test for Lifelong Sailor
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330:On August 15, 1914, Cornelia Bryce wed
121: 1914; died 1946)
1186:Politicians from Newport, Rhode Island
810:“Mrs. Bryce's Estate Left to Family,”
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1066:National Forests of the United States
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689:”Bryce, Lloyd Stephens (1851-1917),”
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1181:Progressive Era in the United States
1118:Mrs. Gifford Pinchot, mentioned in "
497:Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center
1166:20th-century American Episcopalians
385:Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
315:and educational reform and blasted
751:Mrs. Bryce's Estate Left to Family
560:Cornelia Bryce Pinchot (1881-1960)
470:National Museum of Natural History
297:Grey Towers National Historic Site
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1211:20th-century American politicians
654:Bryce, Lloyd Stephens (1851-1917)
531:Cornelia Bryce Pinchot died from
251:(1880-1960), who later founded a
216:in 1963 and then designated as a
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835:, K. G. Saur, pp. 547–564,
511:Grey Towers, front facade, 2011.
170:Cornelia Elizabeth Bryce Pinchot
18:Cornelia Elizabeth Bryce Pinchot
502:Gifford Pinchot National Forest
295:According to historians at the
208:, the Pinchot family estate in
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1120:Women's History Resource Guide
980:, September 10, 1960, p. B-22.
945:, September 10, 1960, p. B-22.
827:Furlow, John W. (2012-02-14),
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1113:Gertrude Howard Nauman Papers
149:Edith (Cooper) Bryce (mother)
466:Pinchot South Sea Expedition
927:. Vol. 19. 9 May 1932.
476:World War II and later life
212:, which was donated to the
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1029:, October 5, 1946, p. A-3.
1008:." Reading, Pennsylvania:
482:Office of Civilian Defense
218:National Historic Landmark
88:Leila Bryce, Leila Pinchot
1161:American social reformers
841:10.1515/9783110971071.547
425:1926 U.S. Senate election
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812:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
755:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
671:Notes of Foreign Affairs
603:Governor Gifford Pinchot
371:Johns Hopkins University
53:Cornelia Elizabeth Bryce
1201:Burials in Pennsylvania
1081:.” New York, New York:
797:.” New York, New York:
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367:U.S. Navy Medical Corps
180:. She was the wife of
178:women’s rights activist
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269:Fiftieth U.S. Congress
249:Edith Clare Bryce Cram
174:Progressive politician
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1053:Pennsylvania Heritage
1025:.” Washington, D.C.:
1006:Mrs. Pinchot to Speak
956:Pennsylvania Heritage
941:.” Washington, D.C.:
906:Pennsylvania Heritage
868:Miller, Char (2001).
814:, June 7, 1916, p. 8.
625:Pennsylvania Heritage
577:Pennsylvania Heritage
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278:North American Review
245:Newport, Rhode Island
239:Born into a wealthy,
210:Milford, Pennsylvania
60:Newport, Rhode Island
1012:, November 27, 1931.
900:Wolensky, Kenneth. “
889:Forest History Today
255:organization during
202:Lloyd Stephens Bryce
144:Lloyd Stephens Bryce
1156:American socialites
1096:Pinchot Family Plot
1064:Davis, Richard C. “
793:Libov, Charlotte. “
527:Death and interment
363:Columbia University
336:Bull Moose campaign
214:U.S. Forest Service
161:Gifford Pinchot III
27:American politician
1151:American feminists
1083:The New York Times
989:Pinchot, Gifford.
833:Women and Politics
799:The New York Times
738:The New York Times
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