615:
525:, and covers 183 ha (450 acres). It is 3.2 km (2.0 mi) long and 800 m (2,600 ft) wide. It has the only bay of the islands, called Puerto Cueva Cove, located one quarter the way down on the east side. The island has two main peaks, Middle Peak, located about one-third the way down the island with an elevation of about 180 m (590 ft), and South Peak, approximately 160 m (520 ft) high. On the west side there is a cove known as Seal Cove. There are roughly a half dozen structures above Puerto Cueva, and two navigational lights at the northern and southern ends of the island.
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699:. The casino was forced to change trajectory after the Mexican government made gambling illegal only eighteen months after it opened, re-opening the next year as a weekend getaway hotel. It later served as a garrison for Mexican soldiers who had their provisions shipped from the mainland. The structure was ultimately destroyed in the high winds and waves of a storm in 1988. Only the stone foundation remains though the name Smugglers Cove, and more rarely Casino Cove, adorn modern maps.
528:
695:, the cove on the northeast side of South Coronado Island was used as a meeting place for alcohol smugglers. Since it was the time before radar, and as foggy nights are common on the islands, the large number of boats frequently resulted in collisions. There was so much traffic that a famous casino, an elaborately constructed two-story building known as the Coronado Islands Yacht Club, flourished well into the
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757:, conducted unauthorized gunnery exercises involving the shelling of the Coronado Islands, in the belief they were uninhabited and belonged to the United States. Unfortunately for Hubbard, the islands belonged to Mexico and were occupied by the Mexican Navy. The Mexican government complained and Hubbard was relieved of command.
688:, secured the North Island in 1873, planning to use the stone. The last newspaper report of this venture was in 1882. At one point, the islands were used as a way station in the smuggling of Chinese immigrants into California. This ended after a group of Chinese were found starving and abandoned on the island.
594:
Subsequent archaeological expeditions have corroborated reports of ceramic artifacts on the islands, with ceramic fragments found also on South Island. These ceramic fragments appear to have been fired in an open oven, and were likely used as cooking pots. Analysis of the artifacts suggests their
479:
known as
Moonlight Cove. This island is extensively weathered and beaten, with unstable material giving way in handful to slope-sized masses. The unstable and barren nature of this island is likely a result of the heavy use by breeding and roosting sea birds combined with unstable substrates. The
683:
began visiting the islands to prevent trespassing and reduce the damage from human impact, although business ventures still proceeded regardless. That same year, building stone of high quality was discovered on North Island. Colonel Manuel Ferrer and Tore Fidel Pujal, the editor of the newspaper
295:. To the west, underwater cliffs border a deep channel over 1,100 m (3,600 ft) in depth. The largest and closest island, South Coronado, is located approximately 13 km (8 mi) off the Mexican mainland and 12 km (7 mi) south of the maritime border with the
702:
Around the same time that other boats visited the islands to escape prohibition, during the 1930s, the Star and
Crescent Company also made frequent boat excursions to the islands. These were suspended for some time, before briefly starting back again in 1958, with the steamer
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Coronado was named for the
Coronado Islands off the coast of San Diego. They were first sighted November 8, 1602 by Spanish navigator Vizcaino. He named them "Los Coronados" or "the crowned ones," for four martyred saints of ancient Rome whose death had been on that
827:
The topography, soil, and human impact each have effects on the vegetation of the islands, creating varying characteristics on each island. However, the vegetation of the
Coronado Islands is mostly dominated by maritime succulent scrub, a plant community within the
259:, 27 km (17 mi) to the north, was named in honor of the islands after an 1886 naming competition. During World War II, the islands were utilized in joint training exercises between Mexico and the United States, but gained notoriety when future founder of
239:. Battered by the wind and waves, the rocky islands are mostly uninhabited except for a small military detachment and a lighthouse keeper. Despite their barren appearance, they serve as a refuge for seabirds and support a sizable number of plants, including 6
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250:
for thousands of years, the first
European explorers sighted them in 1542. Centuries later, they served as weekend getaway locations, secret gambling spots, and smuggling sites until the Mexican Navy clamped down on trespassing. The
556:), who likely set up small and temporary encampments, possibly for retreats or other spiritual/sacred practices; ancient artifacts have been collected from both islands. North Island has artifacts that include teshoa flakes, and a
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644:) to honor the four brothers who died for their Christian faith. They are also known by a number of other names, with later fisherman, upon seeing floating coffins, ghostly faces and shrouded bodies amid the rocks dubbing them
547:
The islands had been occupied by humans for over 1,000 years. As the islands lack any fresh water, permanent settlements would have not been feasible in the past. However, the islands were frequently visited by the local
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and has a surface area of 48 ha (120 acres). It has no bay but boats can anchor on a jetty on the eastern side. It is large enough to support numerous microhabitats for plants, and has a climate similar to southern
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Starting in the 1860s, advertisements for day trips to the islands began making appearances in local newspapers. At the same time, commercial fishing ventures also started, focusing mostly on rock cod.
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spp. are present on the southern hill, although the soil tends to slough off the slopes. In the basin, straddling both peaks, herbaceous and woody plants occur in the more soil-rich depression.
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731:. Shortly after, the islands were utilized by Mexico and the United States as a site for military exercises. The island was garrisoned by a small detachment of the Mexican Navy, and
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squadron, perished along with the 12 members of his crew in a crash on South
Coronado. Wreckage belonging to the aircraft is located on the western-facing slope of South Island.
2499:"Report of the North Pacific Regional Workshop to Facilitate the Description of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas - Area No. 11: Coronado Islands, Mexico"
786:, as ruled in the books of the Baja Californian Government, published on December 20, 1959. Today, the only inhabitants of the island are Mexican Navy personnel and a
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Despite the barren, rocky appearance of the islands, they support a large number of plant species. The following is a comprehensive, but not complete, list of the
1044:) are present in disturbed areas, especially along trails. Interestingly, this non-native plant provides shelter for the commonly-occurring endemic rattlesnake.
71:
930:, a coastal swathe of about 175 kilometres (109 mi). It occurs farther north, but in a more fragmented pattern, occupying the fringe coastal bluffs and
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of abalone shells within the vicinity of the ceramic artifacts suggest that site was occupied intermittently from at least 1390 to 820 calibrated years
790:
on South Island. As the islands are a natural protected area, access to the islands is restricted to governmental personnel and permitted scientists.
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and covers 14 ha (35 acres). This island forms a steep-hill with a peninsula-like structure on the northeast side, which creates a protected
48:
North
Coronado (right background), Central Coronado (left midground), and Pile of Sugar (right midground) viewed from South Coronado (foreground)
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On South Island the area at the extreme northern end, near the lighthouse, has diverging vegetation. Here, the vegetation takes on an aspect of
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614:
2994:
2909:
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3157:
This links to a news article about the use of one of the islands as a waypoint for illegal migration to the United States. November 2010
271:; visitors may anchor, scuba, and snorkel, but setting foot on the islands is prohibited without special permission from the government.
2676:
McCain, Joseph; Braje, Todd J.; Hernández
Estrada, Raquel L.; Michelini, Antonio Porcayo; Aguilar, José; Rick, Torben C. (2019-10-02).
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Riley, Jim; Rebman, Jon Paul; Vanderplank, Sula; Simancas, Jorge; Pijoan, Paula; Botanical
Research Institute of Texas (2015).
2343:
2828:
Dictionary of
American Naval Aviation Squadrons, Volume 2, Chapter 4 Patrol Bombing Squadron (VPB) Histories (VPB-1 to VPB-16)
2641:
California Island Plant Distribution Patterns: Proceedings of the Fifth California Islands Symposium: 29 March to 1 April 1999
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L. Ron Hubbard, future founder of Scientology, bombarded South Island in 1943, despite it being inhabited by Mexican soldiers
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of any of the sage scrub communities. Some taxa representative of this environment include succulents such as liveforevers (
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There are two types of land mammals on the islands: rabbits and mice. How they reached the islands is currently unknown.
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Although landing on the islands is not permitted, divers, fishermen and tourists are free to visit the waters around them
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leaves as opposed to those of the succulent scrub. The dominant plants found in this area include California sagebrush (
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943:
923:
969:
2506:
North Pacific Regional Workshop to Facilitate the Description of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas
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taxa found only on the islands. The waters around the islands support a considerable amount of diverse marine life.
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1245:
1231:
1154:
761:
623:
2930:"Shrubland Formations and Associations in Mediterranean-Desert Transitional Zones of Northwestern Baja California"
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20:
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2055:
2016:
1963:
1870:
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1465:
1365:
879:
772:
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631:
2678:"The Four Crowns of the Sea: Archaeological Reconnaissance of the Coronados Islands, Baja California, México"
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1995:
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267:, shelled the inhabited island, earning the ire of the Mexican government. Today, the islands are a Mexican
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Although landing on the islands is prohibited, the waters around them are still a frequent destination for
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Ten species of reptiles and amphibians are also found on the islands. The best known is the Coronado
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on the saddle of the island. A small cave, dubbed Pirate's Cave, was reported to have had remains of
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There are colonies of birds that nest on the islands and can be spotted in the nearby waters like
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16:
Archipelago located within the Southern California Bight off the coast of Baja California, Mexico
3020:"Revised and updated vascular plant checklists for the Baja California Northern Pacific Islands"
2801:
2743:
Baja Legends: The Historic Characters, Events, and Locations That Put Baja California on the Map
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3000:
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2399:. Pilón de Azúcar, better known as Middle Rock, is host to the northernmost nesting colony of
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1956:
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984:. Coastal sage scrub consists of low-growing, aromatic and more herbaceous plants with soft,
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1970:
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2643:, Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, pp. 212–223, archived from
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410:-washed hill on the southern side, and a smaller ridge on the north side, separated by a
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The archipelago is composed of four main islands spread out over 8 km (5 mi).
531:
South Island contains some of the only structures for the few inhabitants on the islands
527:
2794:
2467:
2416:), which is a smaller subspecies than the one found on the mainland. There is also the
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1064:
600:
264:
3155:
https://web.archive.org/web/20120722175550/http://diver.net/seahunt/maps/coronodos.htm
3166:
3100:"UCSC graduate student's research leads to environmental victory in Coronado Islands"
2867:
2709:
2421:
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890:
833:
296:
288:
3059:
2969:
2831:. Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy. pp. 408–13
55:
3158:
3120:
Cunningham, John D. (1956-09-01). "Food Habits of the San Diego Alligator Lizard".
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only abundant plant community occurs on the southwest, windward side of the island.
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of western North America. It includes a number of species characteristic of the
754:
287:. The islands are exposed continental blocks, produced by the shear zone of the
260:
252:
2986:
Plant guide: Maritime Succulent Scrub Region, Northwest Baja California, Mexico
564:. On South Island, numerous other middens exist. The artifacts may be from the
2457:
853:
806:
743:
630:(the desert islands) due to their barren lack of soil. In 1602 the priest for
595:
production techniques are consistent with those of Yuman ceramic manufacture.
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3004:
2953:
2928:
Peinado, M.; Alcaraz, F.; Aguirre, J. L.; Delgadillo, J.; Aguado, I. (1995).
2701:
1026:) grow. Also present on the north end, but on the east slope, is the endemic
844:
as a consistent source of moisture. It forms a transitional zone between the
512:
499:
462:
449:
414:-shaped depression between them. The island is composed of barren, infertile
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946:. It is also present on the other offshore islands of the region, including
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610:
The archipelago was first noted by European explorers as "desert islands"
553:
3051:
3019:
2961:
2929:
3133:
3075:"Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Baja California, Mexico"
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2384:
873:
561:
426:
420:
240:
2634:"Vegetation and Flora of Islas Los Coronados, Baja California, Mexico"
856:
769:
557:
229:
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The Coronado Islands are located within the central portion of the
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Sea mammals are plentiful and it is not uncommon to see groups of
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897:
792:
718:
613:
605:
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407:
2395:. The Coronado Islands have the largest known colony of the rare
626:
was the first European to notice the islands, describing them as
2853:, San Bernardino, California, 20 October 1944, Volume 51, p. 4.
2768:"Ron the "War Hero" - L. Ron Hubbard and the U.S. Navy, 1941-50"
2725:
Natural History of the Coronado Islands, Baja California, Mexico
2376:
931:
590:
At the US-Mexico border. The visible islands are Islas Coronados
476:
2559:"Why Do People Call It Coronado Island When It's a Peninsula?"
2272:
841:
228:
located 13 km (8 mi) off the northwest coast of the
634:'s expedition, Father Antonio de la Ascención, called them
622:
In 1542, Portuguese explorer (later naturalized Castilian)
3018:
Vanderplank, Sula; Rebman, Jon; Ezcurra, Exequiel (2018).
760:
In October 1944, Lieutenant Robert D. Cullinane, flying a
418:, with little vegetation. A few succulent plants, such as
1012:). This area is the only location on South Island where
406:
and covers 7 ha (17 acres). The island has a rocky
778:
The Coronado Islands are under the jurisdiction of the
299:. The islands are under the jurisdiction of Mexico and
2796:
Bare-faced Messiah: The True Story of L. Ron Hubbard
2904:. San Diego: Sunbelt Publications. pp. 25–26.
2432:are found on the north, south and central islands.
2303:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1038:. Non-native plants such as crystalline ice plant (
735:were excavated on South Island during this period.
184:
172:
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2424:, which is found on all four islands, and the
863:, but is complemented by a wide assemblage of
2861:
2859:
2736:
2734:
2727:. San Diego Association of Geologists: 50–53.
2682:The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology
2446:. Middle Island is home to a small colony of
918:This habitat is most typical of northwestern
635:
618:The islands visible from the Mexican mainland
8:
3073:Rebman, J. P.; Gibson, J.; Rich, K. (2016).
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
283:, on the continental margin within Mexico's
219:
26:
2900:Rebman, Jon P.; Roberts, Norman C. (2012).
246:Used extensively and intermittently by the
877:spp.), and cacti like the coastal cholla (
54:
42:
25:
2598:. Glendale, California: La Siesta Press.
2428:which live on the three biggest islands.
2363:Learn how and when to remove this message
19:For other places with the same name, see
543:Indigenous peoples and Spanish discovery
78:
2474:
2745:. Sunbelt Publications. p. 106.
7:
3082:San Diego Society of Natural History
2872:Terrestrial Vegetation of California
2849:Associated Press, "Crash Kills 13",
2403:on the west coast of North America.
2301:adding citations to reliable sources
3150:Islas Coronado Mexico Photo Gallery
2420:, which feeds off birds' eggs, the
660:They have also been referred to as
580:." The Kumeyaay called the islands
3178:California chaparral and woodlands
2723:Darcy, Ike (1978). "Archaeology".
2557:Letchworth, Dan (8 January 2020).
2510:Convention on Biological Diversity
940:Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve
836:, characterized a predominance of
60:A map of the four Coronado Islands
14:
3024:Western North American Naturalist
2902:Baja California Plant Field Guide
2800:. New York: Henry Holt. pp.
2460:
2277:
889:) and the golden-spined cereus (
867:species, giving it the greatest
77:
70:
3173:Islands of Tijuana Municipality
2288:needs additional citations for
711:to the cove on South Coronado.
691:In the 1920s and 1930s, during
2772:CMU School of Computer Science
1239:Pseudognaphalium microcephalum
1:
3183:Uninhabited islands of Mexico
2866:Rundel, Philip (2007-07-17),
2694:10.1080/15564894.2018.1536901
2632:Oberbauer, Thomas A. (2002),
1246:Pseudognaphalium ramosissimum
1041:Mesembryanthemum crystallinum
964:Channel Islands of California
850:California Floristic Province
2851:The San Bernardino Daily Sun
2825:Roberts, Michael D. (2000).
2532:Coronado Chamber of Commerce
2418:Coronado Island gopher snake
944:San Diego County, California
762:Consolidated PB2Y-3 Coronado
727:In 1942, Mexico entered the
212:Islands of the Coronation(s)
2413:Crotalus oreganus caliginis
936:Mexico–United States border
922:, ranging from the town of
568:of peoples. Anthropologist
3199:
2430:Southern alligator lizards
1709:Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia
1232:Pseudognaphalium biolettii
1155:Eriophyllum confertiflorum
665:Sentinels of San Diego Bay
18:
1000:), California buckwheat (
976:on a ridge on the islands
883:), coastal prickly pear (
576:word for the islands as "
281:Southern California Bight
211:
161:
106:Southern California Bight
65:
53:
41:
2594:Ellsberg, Helen (1970).
2056:Pentagramma triangularis
2017:Pterostegia drymarioides
1964:Muhlenbergia microsperma
1872:Antirrhinum nuttallianum
1844:Eschscholzia californica
1466:Chenopodium californicum
1366:Cylindropuntia prolifera
1067:present on the islands.
880:Cylindropuntia prolifera
846:Mediterranean ecosystems
753:, the future founder of
34:
2792:Miller, Russel (1988).
2448:northern elephant seals
2225:Dichelostemma capitatum
2123:Heteromeles arbutifolia
2031:Polypodium californicum
1996:Linanthus dianthiflorus
1260:Stephanomeria diegensis
1253:Rafinesquia californica
1137:Chaenactis glabriuscula
1020:, and broom baccharis (
1018:Heteromeles arbutifolia
1009:Heteromeles arbutifolia
954:, but also portions of
780:municipality of Tijuana
624:Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo
285:exclusive economic zone
220:
3102:. Ucsc.edu. 2008-12-18
2741:Niemann, Greg (2002).
2497:Escobar, Elva (2014).
2045:Pellaea andromedifolia
2010:Eriogonum fasciculatum
1883:Collinsia heterophylla
1663:Astragalus trichopodus
1533:Dichondra occidentalis
1512:Calystegia macrostegia
1412:Spergularia macrotheca
1130:Baccharis sarothroides
1055:
1023:Baccharis sarothroides
1014:Eriogonum fasciculatum
1003:Eriogonum fasciculatum
977:
938:and sparsely north to
915:
798:
724:
715:World War II and after
636:
619:
611:
591:
532:
133:32.41750°N 117.26050°W
2596:Los Coronados Islands
2528:"History of Coronado"
2261:Phyllospadix scouleri
2204:Nicotiana clevelandii
1908:Achnatherum diegoense
1894:Nuttallanthus texanus
1858:Papaver heterophyllum
1759:Calochortus splendens
1688:Trifolium willdenovii
1473:Extriplex californica
1281:Cryptantha intermedia
1211:Malacothrix insularis
1123:Artemisia californica
1050:
991:Artemisia californica
972:
960:Santa Catalina Island
901:
796:
722:
617:
609:
589:
582:mat hasil ewik kakap.
530:
293:North American plates
3036:10.3398/064.078.0410
2766:Owen, Chris (1999).
2440:California sea lions
2426:arboreal salamanders
2297:improve this article
2137:Galium angustifolium
2095:Oligomeris linifolia
1794:Claytonia perfoliata
1745:Pholistoma racemosum
1359:Bergerocactus emoryi
1035:Galium angustifolium
974:Bergerocactus emoryi
911:Bergerocactus emoryi
892:Bergerocactus emoryi
840:and a dependence on
830:sage scrub ecosystem
637:Los Cuatro Coronados
301:Tijuana Municipality
257:Coronado, California
221:Mat hasil ewik kakap
191:Tijuana Municipality
138:32.41750; -117.26050
2197:Lycium californicum
2155:Galium coronadoense
2070:Clematis pauciflora
1985:Gilia achilleifolia
1851:Eschscholzia ramosa
1674:Lupinus succulentus
1430:Aphanisma blitoides
1320:Descurainia pinnata
1302:Cryptantha maritima
1218:Malacothrix similis
1204:Malacothrix foliosa
1197:Logfia filaginoides
1176:Lasthenia coronaria
1162:Hazardia berberidis
1148:Encelia californica
1029:Galium coronadoense
994:), lemonade berry (
952:Todos Santos Island
926:to the vicinity of
671:Commercial ventures
628:Las Islas Desiertas
509: /
459: /
390: /
340: /
129: /
28:
2946:10.1007/BF00045507
2563:San Diego Magazine
2397:Scripps's murrelet
2312:"Coronado Islands"
2243:Parietaria hespera
2211:Solanum americanum
1950:Elymus triticoides
1943:Elymus condensatus
1936:Distichlis spicata
1787:Cistanthe maritima
1773:Malva occidentalis
1738:Pholistoma auritum
1645:Acmispon maritimus
1579:Dudleya lanceolata
1437:Atriplex canescens
1380:Opuntia littoralis
1373:Mammillaria dioica
1267:Uropappus lindleyi
1190:Leptosyne maritima
1183:Lasthenia gracilis
1056:
982:coastal sage scrub
978:
916:
886:Opuntia littoralis
861:coastal sage scrub
799:
725:
686:La Baja California
632:Sebastián Vizcaíno
620:
612:
597:Radiocarbon dating
592:
550:indigenous peoples
533:
513:32.417°N 117.250°W
463:32.417°N 117.267°W
394:32.417°N 117.267°W
344:32.433°N 117.300°W
248:indigenous peoples
2996:978-1-889878-44-7
2911:978-0-916251-18-5
2881:978-0-520-24955-4
2373:
2372:
2365:
2347:
2077:Delphinium parryi
1957:Melica imperfecta
1922:Bromus arizonicus
1713:chrysanthemifolia
1681:Lupinus truncatus
1656:Acmispon watsonii
1561:Dudleya attenuata
1455:Atriplex serenana
1448:Atriplex pacifica
1341:Lepidium oblongum
1169:Hazardia orcuttii
1079:Rhus integrifolia
1054:on Coronado Norte
997:Rhus integrifolia
986:drought-deciduous
914:visible around it
823:Plant communities
788:lighthouse keeper
709:glass bottom boat
654:Dead Man's Island
642:four crowned ones
224:) are a group of
196:
195:
3190:
3138:
3137:
3117:
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3108:
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3079:
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3015:
3009:
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2916:
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2854:
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2799:
2789:
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2729:
2728:
2720:
2714:
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2673:
2652:
2651:
2650:on July 22, 2012
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2470:
2465:
2464:
2368:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2305:
2281:
2273:
1971:Nassella pulchra
1929:Bromus carinatus
1915:Agrostis pallens
1812:Mirabilis laevis
1720:Phacelia distans
1624:Euphorbia misera
1606:Marah macrocarpa
1547:Crassula connata
1494:Peritoma arborea
1480:Suaeda taxifolia
1401:Silene laciniata
962:in the southern
928:Punta San Carlos
908:in flower, with
869:species richness
838:succulent plants
738:In May 1943 the
729:Second World War
639:
566:La Jolla complex
524:
523:
521:
520:
519:
518:32.417; -117.250
514:
510:
507:
506:
505:
502:
494:) is located at
474:
473:
471:
470:
469:
468:32.417; -117.267
464:
460:
457:
456:
455:
452:
444:) is located at
438:Central Coronado
405:
404:
402:
401:
400:
399:32.417; -117.267
395:
391:
388:
387:
386:
383:
375:) is located at
355:
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352:
351:
350:
349:32.433; -117.300
345:
341:
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337:
336:
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325:) is located at
303:in the state of
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213:
200:Coronado Islands
144:
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85:Coronado Islands
81:
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27:Coronado Islands
3198:
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2306:
2304:
2294:
2282:
2271:
2266:
2183:Jepsonia parryi
2169:Aesculus parryi
1830:Piperia cooperi
1727:Phacelia ixodes
1702:Hydrophyllaceae
1638:Acmispon glaber
1572:Dudleya candida
1554:Dudleya anomala
1394:Caryophyllaceae
1387:Opuntia oricola
1225:Perityle emoryi
1101:Daucus pusillus
1061:
1052:Dudleya candida
948:Isla San Martin
920:Baja California
905:Dudleya candida
825:
820:
815:
809:and fishermen.
784:Baja California
749:, commanded by
717:
673:
658:Corpus Christi.
545:
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434:Coronado Centro
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365:Pilón de Azúcar
348:
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269:wildlife refuge
237:Baja California
208:Islas Coronados
179:Baja California
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3144:External links
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773:patrol bombing
751:L. Ron Hubbard
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650:The Sarcophagi
646:Old Stone Face
570:J.P Harrington
544:
541:
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488:South Coronado
481:
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319:North Coronado
315:Coronado Norte
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265:L. Ron Hubbard
204:Islas Coronado
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3122:Herpetologica
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2314: –
2313:
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2308:Find sources:
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2291:
2286:This article
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2176:Saxifragaceae
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2141:angustifolium
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2063:Ranunculaceae
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2024:Polypodiaceae
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2871:
2868:"Sage Scrub"
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2820:
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2787:
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2771:
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2290:verification
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1313:Brassicaceae
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1141:glabriuscula
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1115:Amblyopappus
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902:The endemic
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492:South Island
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412:amphitheater
372:
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323:North Island
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186:Municipality
163:
2516:): 106–118.
2408:rattlesnake
2254:Zosteraceae
2247:californica
2218:Themidaceae
2162:Sapindaceae
2038:Pteridaceae
1823:Orchidaceae
1816:crassifolia
1519:cyclostegia
1327:brachycarpa
924:San Vicente
854:subtropical
755:Scientology
705:Silver Gate
693:prohibition
516: /
466: /
397: /
373:Middle Rock
347: /
261:Scientology
253:tied island
210:; English:
136: /
124:117°15.63′W
112:Coordinates
3167:Categories
3106:2021-01-15
2887:2022-02-05
2605:0910856370
2454:References
2381:cormorants
2353:March 2022
2323:newspapers
2236:Urticaceae
2190:Solanaceae
2102:Rhamnaceae
2088:Resedaceae
1876:subsessile
1780:Montiaceae
1610:macrocarpa
1525:intermedia
1487:Cleomaceae
1459:davidsonii
1416:macrotheca
1294:johnstonii
1288:intermedia
1108:Asteraceae
934:up to the
807:snorkelers
697:Depression
359:Point Loma
121:32°25.05′N
3044:1527-0904
3005:915358516
2954:0042-3106
2934:Vegetatio
2710:133969867
2702:1556-4894
2229:capitatum
2130:Rubiaceae
2081:maritimum
2049:pubescens
1766:Malvaceae
1752:Liliaceae
1591:semiteres
1565:attenuata
1441:canescens
1405:laciniata
1352:Cactaceae
1093:Apiastrum
842:ocean fog
740:U.S. Navy
707:towing a
424:spp. and
416:sandstone
275:Geography
97:Geography
3060:91327690
3052:27102201
2970:33254787
2962:20046579
2385:pelicans
2116:Rosaceae
1798:mexicana
1631:Fabaceae
1345:insulare
1306:maritima
1117:pusillus
1086:Apiaceae
852:and the
733:foxholes
578:mexéelam
562:ceramics
554:Kumeyaay
504:117°15′W
454:117°16′W
385:117°16′W
335:117°18′W
255:city of
216:Kumeyaay
102:Location
21:Coronado
3134:3889775
2835:19 June
2802:106–107
2777:3 March
2568:4 March
2538:4 March
2337:scholar
1901:Poaceae
1731:plumosa
1667:lonchus
1587:Dudleya
1498:globosa
874:Dudleya
865:endemic
857:deserts
848:of the
813:Ecology
768:of the
764:, BuNo
574:Luiseño
538:History
501:32°25′N
451:32°25′N
427:Dudleya
421:Opuntia
382:32°25′N
332:32°26′N
289:Pacific
241:endemic
230:Mexican
226:islands
3132:
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2602:
2534:. 2012
2393:alcids
2391:, and
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2310:
1333:glabra
803:divers
770:VPB-13
746:PC-815
656:, and
558:midden
165:Mexico
3130:JSTOR
3078:(PDF)
3056:S2CID
3048:JSTOR
2966:S2CID
2958:JSTOR
2706:S2CID
2648:(PDF)
2637:(PDF)
2502:(PDF)
2444:seals
2377:gulls
2344:JSTOR
2330:books
2269:Fauna
2245:var.
2227:ssp.
2139:ssp.
2079:ssp.
2047:var.
1987:ssp.
1885:var.
1874:ssp.
1814:var.
1796:ssp.
1729:var.
1711:var.
1665:var.
1647:ssp.
1608:var.
1563:ssp.
1523:ssp.
1517:ssp.
1496:var.
1457:var.
1439:ssp.
1414:var.
1403:ssp.
1343:var.
1331:var.
1325:var.
1304:var.
1292:var.
1286:var.
932:mesas
818:Flora
640:(the
408:guano
233:state
174:State
3040:ISSN
3001:OCLC
2991:ISBN
2950:ISSN
2906:ISBN
2876:ISBN
2837:2016
2806:ISBN
2779:2022
2747:ISBN
2698:ISSN
2600:ISBN
2570:2022
2545:day.
2540:2022
2514:UNEP
2442:and
2316:news
1139:var.
1059:Taxa
1032:and
958:and
950:and
766:7051
744:USS
477:cove
291:and
198:The
3032:doi
2942:doi
2938:117
2690:doi
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832:of
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