1277:
217:
1405:
1229:
479:
4617:
1137:
91:
42:
3724:
3825:
66:
5933:
276:. It is 30–34 cm (12–13 in) long with a wingspan of 65–74 cm (26–29 in) and weighs 166–176 g (5.9–6.2 oz). The face and throat are pinkish, the head and back are brown, with blue on the rump and contrasting light and dark blue on the wings and tail. The bright blue markings on the wing are prominent in flight. The sexes are similar in appearance. Two
4571:
893:
3669:
830:
3681:
1151:
followed by flying around its roosting site. It favours electric or telegraph wires as perches. It has been observed perching in trees and shrubs at a height of 3–9 m (10–30 ft) from where it flies down to forage for ground insects. It also uses higher perches in the upper canopy of trees.
837:
The Indian roller is a bulky and broad-winged bird with a large head and short neck and legs. It has a body length of 30–34 cm (12–13 in) with a wingspan of 65–74 cm (26–29 in) and weighs 166–176 g (5.9–6.2 oz). The bare skin around the eyes is dull orange, the legs and
1267:
consists of 3–5 eggs, which are white and oval with an average size of 33 mm × 27 mm (1.3 in × 1.1 in). The eggs are incubated mainly by the female beginning as soon as the first egg is laid and hatch asynchronously after 17 to 19 days. The young are naked when first
1240:. During courtship, mates perform aerial displays which include steep, undulating flights, somersaults, nose-drives, hovering and lateral rolling. This is accompanied by vocalizations. The pair then perch and display to each other with bows, dropped wings and fanned tails and may engage in
1514:
traditionally considered a sighting of an Indian roller as a good omen as did people in Bengal who, upon seeing the bird, would chant a couplet showing devotion to Vishnu and seeking a vision of the bird at the time of their death. A nomadic tribe of fortune-tellers from the
1244:. The nest site is usually an existing hole in a tree, a dead palm or building but may also be a hole in a mud bank. The hole may be excavated completely in soft material such as rotten wood. A thin mat of feathers, straw or grass is placed at the bottom of the cavity. In
931:
Adult males and females are similar in appearance and there are no seasonal changes. Juvenile birds are duller, paler and browner in colour, with a dull green crown and dull green-blue belly tinged with buff. The bill is brown with a yellowish base rather than black.
1360:, due to its wide range and apparent increasing population. The total population size is unknown, but it appears to be common in most of its range. As of 2015, about 2,500 breeding pairs were estimated to live in Iraq and 15,000 breeding pairs in the
977:
and an all-blue head. The
Indochinese roller is darker, larger and has a purplish brown and unstreaked face and breast, and blue-green forehead. The underwing coverts are a deeper shade of blue. Its call is higher-pitched and has a more nasal sound.
1344:
In India, the Indian roller received legal protection in 1887, when hunting it was banned under the Wild Birds
Protection Act of 1887 and later under the Wild Birds and Animals Protection Act of 1912. In Iran, the Indian roller is protected by the
867:
are dark purple-blue with turquoise tips. The middle two tail feathers are greyish blue-olive with black shafts, while the surrounding tail feathers are an intense purple-blue with a broad pale blue band and greenish tinge towards the tips. The
862:
are darker red-brown with pale cream or pinkish streaks, while the throat is a dull wine-red with narrow cream streaks. The crown and nape are a darker dull turquoise. The back and rump are a bright turquoise, and the belly is pale blue. The
884:
are a dull green-blue. The primary coverts are pale blue with olive or purple-blue tips, and the lesser coverts are purple-blue along the leading edge of the wing. The colours look dull when the bird is perched but become vibrant in flight.
2589:
434:
occurs in central and southern India and in Sri Lanka. It is distinguished by its slightly shorter wing and tail, darker blue crown and upper wing coverts, more brownish mantle and shoulder, and more pronounced red-brown collar on
1129:, though migrants may forage in flocks with no aggression. They patrol their territory by flying at treetop height or three-stories high and when an intruder is spotted, they drive it away by a fast rolling flight. Its
972:
At a distance the species can be mistaken for the
European roller, which is a migrant through parts of the Indian roller's range. The European roller has a longer neck and tail in flight, as well as black
291:. Often found perched on roadside trees and wires, it is common in open grassland and scrub forest habitats, and has adapted well to human-modified landscapes. It mainly feeds on insects, especially
817:
has designated "Indian roller" the official common name for the species. In
British India, it was also colloquially termed 'blue jay'. The Indian roller is called 'Little King' by villagers in
3856:
1927:
Johansson, U. S.; Irestedt, M.; Qu, Y.; Ericson, P. G. P. (2018). "Phylogenetic relationships of rollers (Coraciidae) based on complete mitochondrial genomes and fifteen nuclear genes".
5950:
4633:
401:
5807:
872:
on the wings have the same purple-blue colour of those on the tail, with a similar pale blue band across the most distal five or six primaries. The underwing coverts and
5509:
2538:
1284:
The Indian roller descends to the ground to capture insects and to a lesser extent amphibians, reptiles, birds, and small mammals. It is attracted to swarms of winged
1840:. Vol. 2: Attributes and Status (Second ed.). Washington D.C. and Barcelona: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and Lynx Edicions. p. 270.
6788:
2429:
6840:
6963:
5883:
956:
calls are made during rolling displays, and increase in frequency and volume as the bird flies towards an intruder. When perched side by side, rollers make
324:
3244:
1542:
in the early 20th century, the Indian roller was sought for export of its colourful feathers, and was among the most widely killed bird species in India.
6460:
4606:
6569:
1319:(catching prey on a surface), followed by feeding on the ground and in the air. It occasionally dives into water to take frogs and fish, much like a
299:
and raise the young together. The female lays 3–5 eggs in a cavity or crevice, which is lined with a thin mat of straw or feathers. The roller is the
6920:
6762:
5432:
5270:
6801:
6579:
6483:
5888:
6508:
5467:
5255:
4520:
4246:
2467:
1380:
decreased between the mid 1960s and mid 1980s, as traffic increased during that time. Its habit of feeding near roadsides sometimes results in
814:
1519:
area wore feathers of the Indian roller on their head utilizing the folk belief that the bird could foretell events. The Indian roller is the
6564:
6559:
6349:
5937:
5439:
5027:
4620:
3727:
3539:
2497:
2401:
2096:
2068:
1908:
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6455:
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1682:
Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
1276:
5921:
5873:
5787:
5878:
5792:
5481:
5408:
4547:
1623:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
6978:
6329:
6314:
6304:
3846:
1333:
6988:
6503:
6488:
6465:
6156:
5797:
5418:
3713:
6749:
6498:
6339:
6334:
6126:
4647:
1650:
332:
206:
2793:
Bishop, M. A.; Bennett, G. F. (1986). "Avian
Haemoproteidae. 23. The haemoproteids of the avian family Coraciidae (rollers)".
2268:
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6574:
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6319:
6113:
5732:
5662:
5343:
5280:
5260:
5023:
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3883:
3573:
2856:
6806:
4397:
2523:
3020:. Entomological Series. Vol. III. The Food of Birds in India. Pusa: Agricultural Research Institute. pp. 155–159.
2147:
6827:
6493:
6445:
6440:
6309:
6131:
6037:
5749:
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1404:
1133:
patterns are not well understood; in Oman they are present year-round but appear to be more common in winter than summer.
3659:
475:) while the Indian roller was their next closest relative, diverging from a lineage that gave rise to those two species.
295:. The species is best known for the aerobatic displays of males during the breeding season. Adult males and females form
6983:
5845:
5767:
5534:
5502:
5265:
4711:
4693:
4675:
4655:
3795:
3777:
3768:
3759:
3751:
3243:. Cambridge, UK; Gland, Switzerland; Sharjah, United Arab Emirates: IUCN and Environment and Protected Areas Authority.
2418:
1790:
3087:"Foraging behavior of selected insectivorous birds in Cauvery Delta region of Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, India"
1101:
below elevations of 1,000 m (3,300 ft). In India, it was sighted at elevations ranging from sea level in the
6700:
6450:
6435:
6201:
5777:
5446:
5275:
5112:
4044:
3901:
3851:
3841:
3279:
361:
345:. Linnaeus based his description on the "Jay from Bengal" described and illustrated in 1731 by the English naturalist
5899:
3638:
3481:
6845:
4616:
1646:
A Natural
History of Birds : Illustrated with a Hundred and One Copper Plates, Curiously Engraven from the Life
6430:
5772:
5736:
4702:
4684:
4664:
3986:
3804:
3786:
1774:
1520:
300:
1288:; as many as 40 birds have been seen to perch on a 70 m (230 ft) stretch of electric wire to hunt them.
6639:
6241:
6161:
6141:
5985:
5970:
5529:
5516:
4765:
4745:
4592:
4004:
1245:
90:
6666:
3323:"Mortality of herpetofauna, birds and mammals due to vehicular traffic in Etawah District, Uttar Pradesh, India"
5524:
5460:
5084:
5049:
5044:
4978:
4721:
3981:
3906:
3235:
2568:"Identifying avifauna and the presence time of migratory birds at a university campus in the southwest of Iran"
2295:"Comparative avian faunal diversity of Jiwani Coastal Wetlands and Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary, Pakistan"
3615:
6938:
1085:, and has adapted well to human-modified landscapes such as parks and gardens, fields, date and coconut palm
6523:
6078:
6005:
5914:
5744:
5682:
5198:
4918:
4447:
4432:
4412:
4379:
3971:
3911:
3429:
1236:
The breeding season is March to June, slightly earlier in southern India, when adult males and females form
385:
364:
in 1764 of a specimen collected in Sri Lanka. The latter name was used for many years; Indian ornithologist
6543:
3723:
3523:
3059:
3009:
6687:
6601:
6020:
5995:
5544:
5453:
5247:
4873:
4810:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4141:
3411:
3322:
3299:
3119:
3032:
2761:
2738:
2650:
1696:
1516:
1102:
1007:
964:
make a loud "screaming gobble" after eating. Newly independent rollers make cat-like mews while foraging.
889:
commences anywhere from mid-June to mid-August and concludes between
November and the beginning of March.
874:
6705:
3504:
3150:
2987:
2673:
2172:
Noh, H.; Liew, S. F.; Saranathan, V.; Prum, R. O.; Mochrie, S. G.; Dufresne, E. R. & Cao, H. (2010).
6475:
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6186:
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6027:
5175:
5013:
4815:
3956:
3218:
3191:
1673:
1228:
1051:
901:
705:
185:
1745:
1164:. In agricultural habitats in southern India, it has been found at densities of about 50 birds per km.
3433:
2321:"Anthropogenic impact on the distribution of the birds in the tropical thorn forest, Punjab, Pakistan"
1718:
1588:
1323:. It may make use of opportunities such as insects attracted to lights, feeding even late after dusk.
1160:
and darts into hot smoke in pursuit of insects. It has been observed following tractors for disturbed
960:
chattering. In the nest, young produce a loud, "distressing" sound when calling for food, while young
6679:
6648:
6417:
6367:
6246:
6181:
6042:
6010:
5990:
5980:
5835:
5759:
5702:
5572:
5203:
5054:
4790:
4770:
4584:
4427:
4222:
3936:
3833:
3706:
2195:
1974:
1901:
Handbook of the Birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the
Western Palearctic
1485:
1304:
991:
661:
574:
468:
2739:"A comparative study of the feeding habits of certain species of Indian birds affecting agriculture"
1614:
1093:
bird" in northern Oman, where pairs live in vegetation at roundabouts. In Oman, it is common in the
478:
6968:
6281:
6271:
6251:
6236:
6221:
6191:
6171:
6136:
6073:
5722:
5692:
5160:
5142:
5079:
5059:
4983:
4958:
4805:
4659:
4510:
4505:
4402:
4217:
4161:
4151:
4110:
4105:
4090:
4050:
3996:
3941:
3873:
3772:
2294:
1833:
1464:
1141:
995:
522:
288:
55:
3691:
3547:
2490:
396:, which lies within the range of the southern subspecies, and proposed a neotype be selected from
6266:
6231:
6166:
6103:
6058:
5907:
5860:
5632:
5474:
5426:
5036:
4795:
4737:
4207:
4202:
4100:
4095:
4085:
4034:
4029:
3951:
3931:
3878:
3596:
3458:
2848:
2762:"Anatomy and evolution of the feeding apparatus in the avian orders Coraciiformes and Piciformes"
2612:
2185:
2139:
2016:
1952:
1703:. Vol. III. London: Printed for author at the Royal College of Physicians. pp. 247–248.
1168:
1126:
818:
642:
483:
440:
242:
85:
1136:
6793:
3650:
2631:
1649:. Vol. 1. London: Printed for the author and sold by William Innys. p. 17, Plate 17.
6866:
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6723:
6653:
6276:
6261:
6256:
6216:
6121:
6093:
5975:
5840:
5677:
5388:
5107:
5102:
5094:
5074:
4938:
4923:
4760:
4557:
4500:
4490:
4485:
4407:
4232:
4192:
4166:
4126:
4080:
4070:
4009:
3893:
3863:
2968:
2454:
Bonser, R.; Al-Sirhan, A.; Crochet, P.-A.; Legrand, V.; Monticelli, D. & Pope, M. (2011).
2397:
2213:
2092:
2064:
1944:
1904:
1841:
1361:
1110:
1094:
833:
Indian roller in flight showing the intense purple-blue and pale blue bands on wings and tail.
731:
464:
393:
216:
6871:
3416:
Beast and Man in India; a
Popular Sketch of Indian Animals in Their Relations with the People
2937:"A check list of the helminths of guineafowls (Numididae) and a host list of these parasites"
6538:
6324:
6176:
6151:
6146:
6088:
6083:
6068:
5850:
5830:
5825:
5697:
5338:
5208:
5170:
5150:
5117:
5069:
4998:
4933:
4893:
4868:
4863:
4715:
4697:
4552:
4480:
4227:
4212:
4156:
4136:
4131:
4075:
3763:
3390:
3357:
3170:
3098:
2958:
2948:
2840:
2802:
2773:
2717:
2579:
2365:
2332:
2203:
2131:
2008:
1936:
1778:
1684:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 159.
1625:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 106.
1583:
1504:
1409:
1316:
1297:
1268:
hatched and are fed and cared for by both parents. The fledging period lasts 30 to 35 days.
1176:
452:
350:
41:
6692:
6853:
6226:
6206:
6015:
5815:
5602:
5577:
5488:
5285:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5190:
5180:
5165:
5122:
5008:
5003:
4928:
4913:
4530:
4467:
4457:
4387:
4197:
4146:
3976:
3961:
3926:
3916:
3808:
3699:
3271:"Some observations on the apparent decrease in numbers of the Northern Roller or Blue Jay
1714:
1448:
1364:; the population was thought to have increased in particular in the United Arab Emirates.
1328:
1256:
1067:
1047:
750:
365:
3362:
3345:
1903:. Vol. IV: Terns to Woodpeckers. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 778–783.
1073:
The species is common, and often found in open woodland dominated by trees of the genera
3824:
2199:
2063:. Helm Field Guides. London, New York, New Delhi, Sydney: Bloomsbury. pp. 289–291.
1565:
1388:. In Rajasthan, it was found to be the second most commonly electrocuted bird after the
6884:
6196:
5868:
5717:
5707:
5642:
5637:
5368:
5233:
5155:
5132:
5127:
5064:
4993:
4908:
4800:
4750:
4706:
4679:
4475:
4417:
4187:
4065:
3946:
3685:
3237:
The conservation status and distribution of the breeding birds of the Arabian peninsula
1640:
1468:
1443:. Adding its chopped feathers to fodder for cows was believed to increase the latter's
1250:
1130:
1106:
1098:
1031:
1019:
974:
917:
905:
881:
869:
864:
859:
855:
839:
3546:. National Informatics Centre (NIC), DeitY, MoCIT, Government of India. Archived from
3270:
1030:
in northeastern Afghanistan. It has been recorded as a vagrant in Syria,Saudi Arabia,
896:
Scan of Indian roller feathers: a primary, two outer secondaries and two tail feathers
6957:
6814:
6032:
5592:
5587:
5562:
5393:
5383:
5348:
5323:
5305:
4968:
4953:
4838:
4727:
4515:
4171:
4019:
3868:
3346:"Impact of vehicular traffic on birds in Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India"
2567:
2455:
2354:"Seasonal population fluctuations in some non-passeriformes at Marala Head, Pakistan"
1892:
1636:
1610:
1574:
1539:
1476:
1385:
1357:
1353:
1264:
1194:
1167:
Nesting Indian rollers act aggressively towards potential predators. They drive away
555:
422:
373:
346:
339:
328:
312:
308:
304:
202:
142:
75:
70:
17:
2852:
2143:
1644:
6911:
6728:
6584:
6518:
6402:
5687:
5622:
5567:
5290:
4988:
4943:
4878:
4843:
4575:
4535:
4289:
4024:
4014:
3966:
3921:
3799:
3673:
2396:. Helm Field Guides (Second ed.). London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 204.
2319:
Altaf, M.; Javid, A.; Khan, A. M.; Khan, M. S. H.; Umair, M. & Ali, Z. (2018).
2253:
2174:"Double scattering of light from biophotonic nanostructures with short-range order"
1956:
1187:
1161:
1023:
999:
941:
418:
6715:
3569:
2821:
2722:
2701:
921:
372:
was preferred as the starting point for formal descriptions. German ornithologist
6754:
2254:"A qualitative study on wildlife of Chotiari Reservoir, Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan"
6832:
6775:
6633:
6387:
5820:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5612:
5597:
5557:
4973:
4542:
4525:
4442:
4437:
4392:
4294:
3781:
3742:
3234:
Symes, A.; Taylor, J.; Mallon, D.; Porter, R.; Simms, C. & Budd, K. (2015).
2702:"Population, diurnal activity patterns and feeding ecology of the Indian Roller
2116:
2112:
1940:
1413:
1293:
1043:
1011:
913:
875:
460:
3175:
2337:
2320:
1507:
to save the world but stopped it from going past his throat, turning it blue.
400:, where Linnaeus had assumed the taxon had come from. This was accepted by the
6879:
6382:
6377:
5607:
5403:
5353:
4948:
4495:
4334:
4319:
3103:
3086:
1782:
1511:
1440:
1389:
1326:
In March 2019, an Indian roller was observed feeding on an Indian wolf snake (
1320:
1312:
1090:
1086:
909:
448:
376:
determined there were distinct northern and southern subspecies and allocated
277:
273:
152:
6624:
500:
species are shown below, from the molecular study by Johansson et al. (2018)
6533:
6357:
6000:
5955:
5941:
5667:
5627:
5398:
5333:
5328:
4883:
4858:
4755:
4638:
4624:
4364:
4339:
4309:
4299:
3603:. State Fauna Series, 21. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India. pp. 1–6.
2584:
2234:
1532:
1528:
1377:
1237:
1207:
1157:
1153:
1122:
1027:
296:
284:
102:
3444:. Vol. Birds Volume 3. London: Taylor & Francis. pp. 103–105.
3395:
3378:
2972:
2953:
2936:
2651:"Shore birds of the Marine National Park in the Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu"
2370:
2353:
2241:. Vol. 4 (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 116–120.
2217:
1948:
998:, including Sri Lanka. In Pakistan, it is resident in the wetlands around
892:
6905:
6858:
6618:
6528:
6513:
6407:
6397:
6392:
6362:
5672:
5495:
5295:
4963:
4888:
4853:
4452:
4359:
4349:
4279:
4264:
4259:
2208:
2173:
1750:
Linnaeus, 1758 (Aves): Designation of a neotype under the plenary powers"
1500:
1428:
1381:
1241:
1199:
1148:
1081:
1055:
957:
920:. Studies in 2010 found the feather barbs structured like a channel with
886:
508:
496:
162:
122:
6933:
6925:
6767:
6674:
6372:
5712:
5363:
5358:
4898:
4422:
4369:
4344:
4324:
4304:
4284:
4274:
3814:
2844:
2135:
2020:
1436:
1373:
1289:
1285:
1217:
1063:
1039:
1035:
851:
829:
6780:
916:
noted in the 1930s as being more complex than can be explained by the
838:
feet are yellow-brown. The bill is tinged with brown at the base. The
467:
showed that the latter taxon was actually most closely related to the
6661:
6291:
5582:
5378:
5373:
5300:
4848:
4833:
4314:
4269:
3731:
3159:(Coraciidae), in the Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India"
2963:
2778:
2293:
Ali, Z.; Bibi, F.; Shelly, S. Y.; Qazi, A. & Khan, A. M. (2011).
2252:
Rais, M.; Khan, M. Z.; Abbass, D.; Akber, G. & Nawaz, R. (2011).
2089:
Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 6: Mousebirds to Hornbills
1524:
1432:
1075:
1015:
961:
397:
292:
112:
6741:
6595:
2806:
2012:
1175:) from nests and have even been recorded repeatedly divebombing an
6736:
5617:
5552:
4903:
4254:
3680:
2190:
1496:
1403:
1346:
1275:
1248:, nests have been recorded at heights of 3 m (10 ft) in
1227:
1198:
blood parasites have been recorded in the lung tissues. Parasitic
1135:
1059:
1058:. In the 1970s, it was reported as a common winter visitor to the
1003:
891:
828:
477:
456:
4354:
4329:
2766:
Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series
2674:"Annotated avifauna of the Upper Nilgiris, Western Ghats, India"
1444:
987:
455:
between the two taxa over an area from central Nepal to western
132:
6599:
5903:
4588:
3695:
2737:
Mathew, D. N.; Narendran, T. C. & Zacharias, V. J. (1978).
1372:
The numbers of Indian roller sighted along the highway between
3033:"Unusually large congregation and behaviour of Indian Rollers
2912:
n.sp. (sub-fam. Spirurinae Railliet, 1915) from the blue jay,
1723:
Linnaeus, 1758 (Aves), under the plenary powers Z.N. (S) 1465"
2496:(Report). Gland, Switzerland: Ramsar Convention Secretariat.
1435:; it used to be caught and released during festivals such as
356:
In 1766, Linnaeus described an Indian roller under the name
3461:(1898). "Bengali and Behari Folklore about Birds. Part I".
1495:), meaning 'blue throat', a name associated with the deity
3482:"Vernacular Names of the Birds of the Indian Subcontinent"
3377:
Harness, R. E.; Javvadi, P. R. & Dwyer, J. F. (2013).
1311:), catching insects flushed out by the latter species. In
1050:, and Turkey. In Kuwait, it is a common winter visitor at
2491:
The birds of Shadegan Marshes and adjacent tidal mudflats
1352:
As of 2016, the Indian roller was listed as a species of
2833:
Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B
2124:
Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section A
1232:
Indian rollers nest in hollows or crevices in buildings.
3653:. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University. 2021.
2826:
with special remarks on its two types of Leucocytozoon"
1384:. Its habit of utilizing powerlines puts it at risk of
3442:
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma
3192:"Some common Indian birds. No. 1 – The Indian Roller (
2087:
del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J., eds. (2001).
1999:
Goodell, G. (1979). "Bird lore in southwestern Iran".
1254:
trees and 7.5 m (25 ft) above the ground in
3657:
2388:
Porter, R. & Aspinall, S. (2019). "Indian roller
928:
10 in) in diameter with airspaces between them.
3190:
Bainbrigge Fletcher, T. & Inglis, C. M. (1920).
2632:"The birds of Bhitarkanika Mangroves, eastern India"
1458:
1125:
and is usually found alone or in pairs. It is often
1070:
in Iran. However, it is listed as resident in Iran.
6895:
6608:
6552:
6474:
6416:
6348:
6290:
6112:
6051:
5963:
5859:
5806:
5758:
5731:
5543:
5417:
5314:
5246:
5189:
5141:
5093:
5035:
5022:
4824:
4736:
4646:
4466:
4378:
4245:
4180:
4119:
4058:
4043:
3995:
3892:
3832:
3750:
2117:"The origin of the colours in the plumage of birds"
490:) was considered a subspecies of the Indian roller.
402:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
368:suspected it was because Linnaeus' 12th edition of
3379:"Avian electrocutions in western Rajasthan, India"
3060:"Interspecific behaviour the Great Indian Bustard
1985:. New York: McBride, Nast and Company. p. 88.
1490:
3018:Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India
2613:"ABBA survey 15 to Northern Oman, Winter 1993/94"
1589:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22725914A94905872.en
2908:Sanwal, K. C. (1951). "On a new avian nematode,
2352:Bhatti, Z.; Ghufran, A. & Nazir, F. (2020).
3465:. Part III. Anthropology and Cognate Subjects.
2561:
2559:
2061:Kingfishers, Bee-eaters and Rollers: A Handbook
3525:Castes and Tribes of Southern India. Volume VI
3300:"Lack of traffic sense amongst Indian Rollers"
3223:. Society for the Protection of Birds. No. 37.
2988:"The birds of Bandhavgarh National Park, M.P."
2695:
2693:
2691:
2383:
2381:
1922:
1920:
1026:. It has been recorded as a summer visitor to
388:(where the specimen was originally found) for
384:to the latter. However, Biswas noted that the
5915:
4600:
3707:
3511:. Calcutta: The Asiatic Society. p. 196.
3327:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
3304:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
3132:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
3068:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
3041:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
2991:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
2743:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
2700:Sivakumaran, N. & Thiyagesan, K. (2003).
2655:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
2059:Fry, C. H.; Fry, K. & Harris, A. (1992).
1968:
1966:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1109:to about 2,100 m (6,900 ft) in the
8:
2941:Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1452:
1303:The Indian roller often associates with the
1292:make up around 45% of its diet, followed by
1204:Hadjelia srivastavai, Cyrnea graphophasiani,
1042:, where it was sighted in 1996 and in 2008,
900:The blue colours of the flight feathers are
3058:Rahmani, A. R. & Manakadan, R. (1987).
2524:"An Updated Checklist of the Birds of Iran"
2239:Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan
2082:
2080:
2054:
2052:
2050:
6596:
5922:
5908:
5900:
5032:
4607:
4593:
4585:
4055:
3714:
3700:
3692:
3651:"Indian roller. Videos, photos and sounds"
3344:Siva, T. & Neelanarayanan, P. (2020).
2672:Zarri, A. A. & Rahmani, A. R. (2005).
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
1349:code, but not listed as protected by law.
1156:with twists and turns. It is attracted by
215:
64:
40:
31:
6570:List of urban agglomerations in Telangana
6565:List of cities in Telangana by population
3394:
3361:
3174:
3102:
2962:
2952:
2820:De Mello, I. F. & Emidio, A. (1935).
2777:
2721:
2583:
2369:
2336:
2207:
2189:
1983:Omens and superstitions of southern India
1587:
904:and are formed by microstructures in the
494:The phylogenetic relationships among the
3528:. Madras: Government Press. p. 262.
3463:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
1121:The Indian roller is generally not very
349:, derived from a drawing by illustrator
6580:List of urban local bodies in Telangana
3664:
3418:. London: Macmillan and Co. p. 33.
3085:Asokan, S. & Ali, A. M. S. (2010).
2566:Almasieh, K. & Moazami, M. (2020).
1789:. International Ornithologists' Union.
1551:
1147:The Indian roller spends a few minutes
944:contact call which varies from a short
6305:Rachakonda-Bhuvanagiri, Hyderabad East
3540:"States and Union Territories Symbols"
3149:Vishnu, S.N. & Ramesh, C. (2021).
2522:Scott, D. A. & Adhami, A. (2006).
2229:
2227:
1828:
1783:"Rollers, ground rollers, kingfishers"
1559:
1557:
1555:
1315:, it was observed to forage mainly by
986:The Indian roller is distributed from
323:The Indian roller was one of the many
3453:
3451:
3220:The Protection of Wild Birds in India
3128:in the light of mercury vapour lamps"
2935:Junker, K. & Boomker, J. (2007).
2592:from the original on 2 September 2021
2470:from the original on 2 September 2021
2417:Balmer, D. & Murdoch, D. (2009).
1994:
1992:
1929:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1838:Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1769:
1767:
1719:"Proposal to designate a neotype for
1653:from the original on 2 September 2021
1427:The Indian roller is associated with
459:. However, a 2018 molecular study of
283:The Indian roller occurs widely from
7:
6939:E8674967-5A32-4AF1-82D4-FF2C14E1226A
3363:10.11609/jott.5532.12.10.16352-16356
2881:Ilyas, R. (1981). "Redescription of
2503:from the original on 26 October 2015
2325:Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity
2302:Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences
2274:from the original on 13 October 2017
1192:live inside the red-blood cells and
1152:The display of the Indian roller is
1097:and in cultivated areas east of the
6964:IUCN Red List least concern species
6560:List of cities in Telangana by area
3622:. London: John Murray. p. 140.
3155:(Colubridae), by an Indian Roller,
2435:from the original on 5 January 2020
1793:from the original on 4 October 2018
1754:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
1727:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
1697:"The Blue Jay from the East Indies"
1575:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1480:
815:International Ornithologists' Union
724:
698:
635:
609:
602:
548:
541:
515:
503:
3639:"Species factsheet: Indian Roller
3250:from the original on 29 April 2019
3151:"Predation on a Common Wolfsnake,
2862:from the original on 29 March 2012
1499:due to a legend that he drank the
1280:Indian roller eating a grasshopper
25:
3200:The Agricultural Journal of India
2358:Journal of Bioresource Management
1431:legends and said to be sacred to
1334:Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary
325:bird species originally described
5931:
4615:
4569:
3823:
3722:
3679:
3667:
3620:The Commercial Products of India
3576:from the original on 19 May 2017
2544:from the original on 7 June 2021
1787:IOC World Bird List Version 11.1
89:
4398:Dhalapathar Parda & Fabrics
3637:BirdLife International (2021).
3016:. In Maxwell-Lefroy, H. (ed.).
2918:Indian Journal of Helminthology
2153:from the original on 5 May 2021
1564:BirdLife International (2016).
407:Two subspecies are recognized:
307:. It is listed as a species of
6575:List of districts in Telangana
4669:Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate
3509:The Kol tribe of central India
1836:& Anderton, J. C. (2012).
968:Differences from other species
1:
5750:List of people from Karnataka
3503:Griffiths, Walter G. (1946).
3120:"Feeding by Common Nightjars
2723:10.11609/jott.zpj.18.5.1091-5
1417:
5846:Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award
2237:& Ripley, S. D. (1983).
2091:. Buteo Books. p. 371.
1701:Gleanings of Natural History
1216:have been recorded from the
360:, based on a description by
6994:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3572:. Government of Telangana.
3280:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
2795:Canadian Journal of Zoology
2572:Journal of Animal Diversity
2261:Pakistan Journal of Zoology
1941:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.030
1491:
1459:
7010:
6104:Asaf Jahi dynasty (Nizams)
3987:Maritime history of Odisha
3383:Journal of Raptor Research
3350:Journal of Threatened Taxa
3176:10.17161/randa.v28i1.15379
3091:Journal of Threatened Taxa
2338:10.1016/j.japb.2018.03.001
1463:), meaning 'milk bird'. A
908:that produce blue through
854:on the forehead, chin and
272:) is a bird of the family
5948:
5530:Kannada Sahitya Sammelana
4631:
4566:
3821:
3738:
3599:. In The Director (ed.).
3321:Sundar, K. S. G. (2004).
3163:Reptiles & Amphibians
3118:Bharos, A. M. K. (1992).
3104:10.11609/jott.o2201.690-4
3031:Bharos, A. M. K. (1990).
2891:Rivista di Parassitologia
2760:Burton, P. K. J. (1984).
2649:Balachnadran, S. (1995).
1472:
1453:
1246:Bandhavgarh National Park
1183:), and flying at humans.
1089:. It has been nicknamed "
880:are pale blue, while the
748:
729:
722:
703:
696:
659:
640:
633:
614:
607:
600:
572:
553:
546:
539:
520:
513:
447:) was often treated as a
248:
241:
223:
214:
191:
184:
86:Scientific classification
84:
62:
53:
48:
39:
34:
6979:Birds of the Middle East
6310:Cyberabad-Hyderabad West
5525:Kannada Sahitya Parishat
4979:Unification of Karnataka
3522:Thurston, Edgar (1909).
3269:Saiduzzafar, H. (1984).
2824:Coracias b. benghalensis
2611:Jennings, M. C. (1995).
2394:Birds of the Middle East
1582:: e.T22725914A94905872.
1523:of the Indian states of
982:Distribution and habitat
940:The Indian roller has a
236: non-breeding range
6989:Birds described in 1758
6157:Jayashankar Bhupalpally
5745:Karnataka ethnic groups
5683:Krishnaraja Wadiyar III
4433:Kotpad Handloom fabrics
4413:Gopalpur Tussar Fabrics
4030:Deomali (Highest point)
3972:Orissa Tributary States
3912:Mahameghavahana dynasty
3884:Human Rights Commission
3410:Kipling, J. L. (1904).
2585:10.29252/JAD.2020.2.1.4
1781:, eds. (January 2021).
1451:name of "paala-pitta" (
1382:collisions with traffic
49:Indian roller, Gujarat
6476:Municipal corporations
6127:Komaram Bheem Asifabad
3396:10.3356/JRR-13-00002.1
2986:Tyabji, H. N. (1994).
2954:10.4102/ojvr.v74i4.118
2371:10.35691/JBM.0202.0120
2001:Asian Folklore Studies
1424:
1281:
1233:
1144:
1103:Bhitarkanika Mangroves
1008:Jiwani Coastal Wetland
897:
858:are pinkish buff, the
834:
491:
421:to India north of the
338:, where he coined the
6974:Birds of the Maldives
6885:Coracias-benghalensis
6667:coracias-benghalensis
6654:Coracias_benghalensis
6640:Coracias benghalensis
6610:Coracias benghalensis
5014:Western Ganga dynasty
3957:Eastern Ganga dynasty
3641:Coracias benghalensis
3273:Coracias benghalensis
3157:Coracias benghalensis
3126:Coracias benghalensis
3122:Caprimulgus asiaticus
3035:Coracias benghalensis
3008:Mason, C. W. (1911).
2914:Coracias benghalensis
2887:Cyrnea graphophasiani
2704:Coracias benghalensis
2489:Scott, D. A. (2001).
2390:Coracias benghalensis
1973:Thurston, E. (1912).
1897:Coracias benghalensis
1744:China, W. E. (1963).
1672:Linnaeus, C. (1766).
1568:Coracias benghalensis
1538:At the height of the
1503:poison emerging from
1467:name is "neelkanth" (
1447:yield, giving it the
1407:
1279:
1231:
1181:Neophron percnopterus
1139:
1117:Behaviour and ecology
948:to a longer, harsher
924:rods 100 nm (3.9
895:
832:
706:Lilac-breasted roller
481:
269:Coracias benghalensis
195:Coracias benghalensis
18:Coracias benghalensis
6132:Bhadradri Kothagudem
5836:Rajyotsava Prashasti
5703:K. S. Narasimhaswamy
4448:Pipili appliqué work
4428:Konark stone carving
3937:Shailodbhava dynasty
3852:Legislative Assembly
3438:. The Indian Roller"
2822:"Blood parasites of
2209:10.1364/OE.18.011942
1975:"The Indian roller (
1695:Edwards, G. (1764).
1305:great Indian bustard
1214:Synhimantus spiralis
992:United Arab Emirates
662:Purple-winged roller
575:Racket-tailed roller
482:The closely related
469:purple-winged roller
228: breeding range
177:C. benghalensis
6984:Birds of South Asia
6897:Corvus benghalensis
5723:G. S. Shivarudrappa
5693:Gopalakrishna Adiga
5344:Chitrakala Parishat
5271:Dams and reservoirs
5143:Kalaburagi division
4984:Vijayanagara Empire
4959:Rashtrakuta dynasty
4874:Chitradurga Nayakas
4660:Emblem of Karnataka
4403:Ganjam Kewda Flower
3942:Bhauma-Kara dynasty
3773:Bande Utkala Janani
3595:Ilango, K. (2013).
3550:on 12 November 2013
3356:(10): 16352–16356.
3298:Goenka, D. (1986).
2710:Zoos' Print Journal
2630:Pandav, B. (1996).
2419:"Around the region"
2200:2010OExpr..1811942N
2184:(11): 11942–11948.
1748:Corvus benghalensis
1721:Corvus benghalensis
1617:Corvus benghalensis
1439:or the last day of
1220:of Indian rollers.
1169:Indian jungle crows
1054:and farmlands near
996:Indian subcontinent
523:Blue-bellied roller
343:Corvus benghalensis
289:Indian subcontinent
254:Linnaeus, 1758
251:Corvus benghalensis
56:Conservation status
6544:Meerpet–Jillelguda
6202:Medchal-Malkajgiri
5633:Nijaguna Shivayogi
5037:Bangalore division
4035:Abdul Kalam Island
3952:Somavamshi dynasty
3932:Pitrbhakta dynasty
3601:Fauna of Karnataka
3480:Anonymous (1998).
3217:Bidie, G. (1901).
3124:and Indian Roller
3062:Ardeotis nigriceps
2883:Dispharynx pavonis
2845:10.1007/BF03039981
2136:10.1007/BF03035682
1777:; Donsker, David;
1425:
1309:Ardeotis nigriceps
1282:
1234:
1145:
898:
835:
819:Khuzestan Province
643:Indochinese roller
492:
484:Indochinese roller
441:Indochinese roller
412:C. b. benghalensis
380:to the former and
6949:
6948:
6867:Open Tree of Life
6602:Taxon identifiers
6593:
6592:
6300:Hyderabad central
6079:Western Chalukyas
5897:
5896:
5841:Jakanachari Award
5678:Shishunala Sharif
5389:Togalu gombeyaata
5242:
5241:
5095:Belagavi division
4939:Kingdom of Mysore
4919:Kalyani Chalukyas
4728:Southern birdwing
4582:
4581:
4408:Ganjam Kewda Rooh
4241:
4240:
3614:Watt, G. (1908).
2910:Habronema thapari
2885:Sanwal, 1951 and
2706:(Linnaeus, 1758)"
2403:978-1-4729-7582-9
2098:978-84-87334-30-6
2070:978-0-7136-8028-7
1910:978-0-19-857507-8
1847:978-84-96553-87-3
1779:Rasmussen, Pamela
1489:
1362:Arabian Peninsula
1173:Corvus culminatus
1111:Nilgiri Mountains
1095:Al Batinah Region
882:upperwing coverts
876:axillary feathers
810:
809:
801:
800:
792:
791:
783:
782:
774:
773:
765:
764:
732:Abyssinian roller
685:
684:
676:
675:
589:
588:
465:mitochondrial DNA
394:Madras Presidency
260:
259:
79:
16:(Redirected from
7001:
6942:
6941:
6929:
6928:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6888:
6887:
6875:
6874:
6862:
6861:
6849:
6848:
6836:
6835:
6833:NHMSYS0021109649
6823:
6822:
6810:
6809:
6797:
6796:
6784:
6783:
6771:
6770:
6758:
6757:
6745:
6744:
6732:
6731:
6719:
6718:
6709:
6708:
6696:
6695:
6683:
6682:
6680:3E2325ADE1A4344A
6670:
6669:
6657:
6656:
6644:
6643:
6642:
6629:
6628:
6627:
6597:
6539:Bandlaguda Jagir
6292:Commissionerates
6242:Rajanna Sircilla
6162:Jogulamba Gadwal
6089:Musunuri Nayakas
5936:
5935:
5934:
5924:
5917:
5910:
5901:
5851:Kempegowda Award
5831:Basava Puraskara
5826:Nrupatunga Award
5698:V. Seetharamaiah
5519:
5512:
5505:
5498:
5491:
5484:
5477:
5470:
5468:Western Chalukya
5463:
5456:
5449:
5442:
5435:
5409:Mysore musicians
5339:Channapatna toys
5256:Cities and towns
5209:Dakshina Kannada
5033:
4999:Veera Ballala II
4934:Kittur Chennamma
4894:Kingdom of Coorg
4869:Chalukya dynasty
4619:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4586:
4576:India portal
4574:
4573:
4572:
4056:
3827:
3815:Mahanadi mahseer
3764:Emblem of Odisha
3726:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3693:
3684:
3683:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3663:
3654:
3646:
3624:
3623:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3505:"Luck and Omens"
3500:
3494:
3493:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3455:
3446:
3445:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3249:
3242:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2966:
2956:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2889:Yamaguti 1935".
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2861:
2830:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2801:(9): 1860–1863.
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:10.5962/p.271707
2757:
2751:
2750:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2716:(5): 1091–1095.
2697:
2686:
2685:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2587:
2563:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2543:
2528:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2495:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2456:"Birding Kuwait"
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2434:
2423:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2385:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2299:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2273:
2258:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2211:
2193:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2152:
2121:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2056:
2025:
2024:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1899:Indian roller".
1889:
1852:
1851:
1834:Rasmussen, P. C.
1830:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1591:
1561:
1505:Samudra Manthana
1494:
1484:
1482:
1474:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1422:
1419:
1410:Sheikh Zainuddin
1394:Corvus splendens
1300:at around 25%.
1272:Food and feeding
1177:Egyptian vulture
1034:, Qatar, Yemen,
927:
877:
842:is grey-brown.
725:
699:
636:
610:
603:
549:
542:
516:
504:
433:
416:
415:(Linnaeus, 1758)
351:Joseph Dandridge
333:10th edition of
280:are recognised.
255:
235:
234:
227:
219:
197:
94:
93:
73:
68:
67:
44:
32:
21:
7009:
7008:
7004:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6998:
6954:
6953:
6950:
6945:
6937:
6932:
6924:
6919:
6910:
6909:
6904:
6891:
6883:
6878:
6870:
6865:
6857:
6854:Observation.org
6852:
6844:
6839:
6831:
6826:
6818:
6813:
6805:
6800:
6792:
6787:
6779:
6774:
6766:
6761:
6753:
6748:
6740:
6735:
6727:
6722:
6714:
6712:
6704:
6699:
6691:
6686:
6678:
6673:
6665:
6660:
6652:
6647:
6638:
6637:
6632:
6623:
6622:
6617:
6604:
6594:
6589:
6548:
6470:
6412:
6344:
6286:
6108:
6047:
6016:Telugu language
5959:
5944:
5932:
5930:
5928:
5898:
5893:
5855:
5816:Karnataka Ratna
5802:
5754:
5727:
5663:Jagannatha Dasa
5578:Devar Dasimayya
5539:
5515:
5508:
5501:
5494:
5487:
5480:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5452:
5445:
5438:
5431:
5413:
5310:
5238:
5191:Mysore division
5185:
5137:
5089:
5085:Chikkaballapura
5050:Bangalore Rural
5045:Bangalore Urban
5018:
5009:Vikramaditya VI
5004:Vikramaditya II
4929:Shivappa Nayaka
4914:Kadamba dynasty
4820:
4732:
4642:
4627:
4613:
4583:
4578:
4570:
4568:
4562:
4462:
4458:Sambalpuri sari
4453:Odisha Rasagola
4388:Berhampur Patta
4374:
4237:
4176:
4115:
4049:
4047:
4039:
4005:Flora and Fauna
3991:
3977:Utkal Sammilani
3962:Gajapati Empire
3927:Mathara dynasty
3917:Murunda dynasty
3888:
3847:Chief ministers
3828:
3819:
3746:
3734:
3720:
3690:
3678:
3668:
3666:
3658:
3649:
3636:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3616:"Plumage-Birds"
3613:
3612:
3608:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3579:
3577:
3570:"State Symbols"
3568:
3567:
3563:
3553:
3551:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3457:
3456:
3449:
3436:Coracias indica
3430:Blanford, W. T.
3428:
3427:
3423:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3287:(5&6): 4–5.
3268:
3267:
3263:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3194:Coracias indica
3189:
3188:
3184:
3153:Lycodon aulicus
3148:
3147:
3143:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3012:Coracias indica
3007:
3006:
3002:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2828:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2807:10.1139/z86-277
2792:
2791:
2787:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2749:(4): 1178–1197.
2736:
2735:
2731:
2699:
2698:
2689:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2593:
2565:
2564:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2537:((1/2)): 1–16.
2526:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2473:
2471:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2404:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2233:
2232:
2225:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2119:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2058:
2057:
2028:
2013:10.2307/1177687
1998:
1997:
1990:
1977:Coracias indica
1972:
1971:
1964:
1926:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1895:, ed. (1985). "
1891:
1890:
1855:
1848:
1832:
1831:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1676:Coracias indica
1671:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1592:
1563:
1562:
1553:
1548:
1420:
1402:
1370:
1342:
1329:Lycodon aulicus
1274:
1257:Syzygium cumini
1226:
1119:
1068:Shadegan County
1048:Maldive Islands
984:
970:
938:
925:
879:
870:flight feathers
848:
827:
811:
802:
793:
784:
775:
766:
751:European roller
686:
677:
621:C. benghalensis
590:
431:
414:
370:Systema Naturae
366:Biswamoy Biswas
358:Coracias indica
335:Systema Naturae
321:
253:
237:
232:
231:
229:
225:
210:
199:
193:
180:
88:
80:
69:
65:
58:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7007:
7005:
6997:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6956:
6955:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6943:
6930:
6917:
6901:
6899:
6893:
6892:
6890:
6889:
6876:
6863:
6850:
6837:
6824:
6811:
6798:
6785:
6772:
6759:
6746:
6733:
6720:
6710:
6697:
6684:
6671:
6658:
6645:
6630:
6614:
6612:
6606:
6605:
6600:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6556:
6554:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6480:
6478:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6456:National Parks
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6422:
6420:
6414:
6413:
6411:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6354:
6352:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6296:
6294:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6118:
6116:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6064:Vishnukundinas
6061:
6055:
6053:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5960:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5929:
5927:
5926:
5919:
5912:
5904:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5865:
5863:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5812:
5810:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5783:National parks
5780:
5775:
5770:
5764:
5762:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5747:
5741:
5739:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5725:
5720:
5718:D. V. Gundappa
5715:
5710:
5708:M. Govinda Pai
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5643:Purandara Dasa
5640:
5638:Ratnakaravarni
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5549:
5547:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5513:
5506:
5499:
5492:
5485:
5478:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5423:
5421:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5369:Karnatik music
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5320:
5318:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5252:
5250:
5244:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5199:Chamarajanagar
5195:
5193:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5147:
5145:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5133:Uttara Kannada
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5099:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5041:
5039:
5030:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4994:Vishnuvardhana
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4924:Keladi Nayakas
4921:
4916:
4911:
4909:Hoysala Empire
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4830:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4811:Transportation
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4742:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4709:
4700:
4691:
4682:
4680:Asian elephant
4672:
4671:
4662:
4652:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4589:
4580:
4579:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4472:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4418:Habaspuri sari
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4384:
4382:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4251:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4062:
4060:
4053:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3982:Historic sites
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3947:Bhanja dynasty
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3857:Constituencies
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3811:
3802:
3793:
3784:
3775:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3696:
3689:
3688:
3676:
3656:
3655:
3647:
3632:
3631:External links
3629:
3626:
3625:
3606:
3587:
3561:
3531:
3514:
3495:
3472:
3447:
3421:
3402:
3389:(4): 352–364.
3369:
3336:
3313:
3290:
3261:
3226:
3209:
3182:
3169:(1): 157–158.
3141:
3110:
3097:(2): 690–694.
3077:
3050:
3023:
3000:
2978:
2947:(4): 315–337.
2927:
2900:
2873:
2812:
2785:
2772:(6): 331–443.
2752:
2729:
2687:
2664:
2641:
2622:
2603:
2578:(1): 104–126.
2555:
2514:
2481:
2446:
2409:
2402:
2377:
2344:
2331:(2): 229–236.
2311:
2285:
2267:(2): 237–247.
2244:
2223:
2178:Optics Express
2164:
2104:
2097:
2076:
2069:
2026:
2007:(2): 131–153.
1988:
1962:
1916:
1909:
1853:
1846:
1804:
1763:
1746:"Opinion 663:
1736:
1706:
1687:
1664:
1628:
1602:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1401:
1398:
1369:
1366:
1341:
1338:
1273:
1270:
1251:Shorea robusta
1225:
1222:
1140:Indian roller
1118:
1115:
1107:Gulf of Mannar
1099:Sharqiya Sands
1032:Masirah Island
1020:Taunsa Barrage
983:
980:
969:
966:
937:
934:
918:Tyndall effect
873:
847:
844:
826:
823:
808:
807:
804:
803:
799:
798:
795:
794:
790:
789:
786:
785:
781:
780:
777:
776:
772:
771:
768:
767:
763:
762:
759:
758:
747:
744:
743:
740:
739:
736:C. abyssinicus
728:
723:
721:
718:
717:
714:
713:
702:
697:
695:
692:
691:
688:
687:
683:
682:
679:
678:
674:
673:
670:
669:
658:
655:
654:
651:
650:
639:
634:
632:
629:
628:
625:
624:
613:
608:
606:
601:
599:
596:
595:
592:
591:
587:
586:
583:
582:
571:
568:
567:
564:
563:
552:
547:
545:
540:
538:
535:
534:
531:
530:
527:C. cyanogaster
519:
514:
512:
502:
437:
436:
432:Linnaeus, 1766
426:
362:George Edwards
320:
317:
258:
257:
246:
245:
239:
238:
230:
224:
221:
220:
212:
211:
200:
189:
188:
182:
181:
174:
172:
168:
167:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
82:
81:
63:
60:
59:
54:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
35:Indian roller
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7006:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6952:
6940:
6935:
6931:
6927:
6922:
6918:
6913:
6907:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6898:
6894:
6886:
6881:
6877:
6873:
6868:
6864:
6860:
6855:
6851:
6847:
6842:
6838:
6834:
6829:
6825:
6821:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6803:
6799:
6795:
6790:
6786:
6782:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6764:
6760:
6756:
6751:
6747:
6743:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6725:
6721:
6717:
6711:
6707:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6689:
6685:
6681:
6676:
6672:
6668:
6663:
6659:
6655:
6650:
6646:
6641:
6635:
6631:
6626:
6620:
6616:
6615:
6613:
6611:
6607:
6603:
6598:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6553:Related lists
6551:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6477:
6473:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6415:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6351:
6347:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6293:
6289:
6283:
6282:Y.Bhuvanagiri
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6115:
6111:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6050:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5925:
5920:
5918:
5913:
5911:
5906:
5905:
5902:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5788:Hindu temples
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5593:Allama Prabhu
5591:
5589:
5588:Akka Mahadevi
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5563:Adikavi Pampa
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5507:
5504:
5500:
5497:
5493:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5479:
5476:
5472:
5469:
5465:
5462:
5461:Western Ganga
5458:
5455:
5451:
5448:
5444:
5441:
5437:
5434:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5394:Udupi cuisine
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5384:Mysore Dasara
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5349:Gaarudi Gombe
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5324:Bharatanatyam
5322:
5321:
5319:
5317:
5313:
5307:
5306:Western Ghats
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5286:Highest point
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5245:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5144:
5140:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5092:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4969:Srirangapatna
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4954:Pulakeshin II
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4839:Alupa dynasty
4837:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4729:
4725:
4723:
4722:Carnatic carp
4719:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4689:Indian roller
4686:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4648:State symbols
4645:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4610:
4605:
4603:
4598:
4596:
4591:
4590:
4587:
4577:
4565:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4142:Jagatsinghpur
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4020:Garhjat Hills
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3826:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3791:Indian roller
3788:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3752:State symbols
3749:
3745:
3744:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3705:
3703:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3675:
3665:
3661:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3642:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3621:
3617:
3610:
3607:
3602:
3598:
3597:"An Overview"
3591:
3588:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3562:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3518:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3499:
3496:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3476:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3431:
3425:
3422:
3417:
3413:
3406:
3403:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3373:
3370:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3340:
3337:
3333:(3): 392–398.
3332:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3291:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3274:
3265:
3262:
3246:
3239:
3238:
3230:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3213:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3186:
3183:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3145:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3114:
3111:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3081:
3078:
3074:(2): 317–331.
3073:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3054:
3051:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3027:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3013:
3004:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2982:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2916:(Linnaeus)".
2915:
2911:
2904:
2901:
2897:(1): 179–183.
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2874:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2825:
2816:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2786:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2756:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2730:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2665:
2661:(3): 303–313.
2660:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2607:
2604:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2515:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2482:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2460:Birding World
2457:
2450:
2447:
2431:
2428:(1): 91–103.
2427:
2420:
2413:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2348:
2345:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2315:
2312:
2308:(2): 381–387.
2307:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2286:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2236:
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2224:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2197:
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2187:
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2168:
2165:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1888:
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1813:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1760:(3): 195–196.
1759:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1740:
1737:
1733:(3): 217–219.
1732:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1683:
1679:
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1556:
1552:
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1543:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1517:Vishakapatnam
1513:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1386:electrocution
1383:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1358:IUCN Red List
1355:
1354:least concern
1350:
1348:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1278:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1195:Leucocytozoon
1191:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1162:invertebrates
1159:
1155:
1150:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1046:islands, the
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
981:
979:
976:
967:
965:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
935:
933:
929:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
894:
890:
888:
883:
878:
871:
866:
861:
857:
853:
845:
843:
841:
831:
824:
822:
820:
816:
806:
805:
797:
796:
788:
787:
779:
778:
770:
769:
761:
760:
757:
756:
752:
746:
745:
742:
741:
738:
737:
733:
727:
726:
720:
719:
716:
715:
712:
711:
707:
701:
700:
694:
693:
690:
689:
681:
680:
672:
671:
668:
667:
666:C. temminckii
663:
657:
656:
653:
652:
649:
648:
644:
638:
637:
631:
630:
627:
626:
623:
622:
618:
617:Indian roller
612:
611:
605:
604:
598:
597:
594:
593:
585:
584:
581:
580:
579:C. spatulatus
576:
570:
569:
566:
565:
562:
561:
557:
556:Purple roller
551:
550:
544:
543:
537:
536:
533:
532:
529:
528:
524:
518:
517:
511:
510:
506:
505:
501:
499:
498:
489:
485:
480:
476:
474:
473:C. temminckii
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
453:hybridisation
450:
446:
442:
430:
429:C. b. indicus
427:
424:
423:Vindhya Range
420:
413:
410:
409:
408:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
386:type locality
383:
379:
375:
374:Ernst Hartert
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
347:Eleazar Albin
344:
341:
340:binomial name
337:
336:
330:
329:Carl Linnaeus
326:
318:
316:
314:
313:IUCN Red List
310:
309:least concern
306:
305:Indian states
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
270:
265:
264:Indian roller
256:
252:
247:
244:
240:
222:
218:
213:
208:
204:
198:
196:
190:
187:
186:Binomial name
183:
179:
178:
173:
170:
169:
166:
165:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
143:Coraciiformes
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
92:
87:
83:
77:
72:
71:Least Concern
61:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6951:
6896:
6609:
6585:India Portal
6524:Jawaharnagar
6519:Peerzadiguda
6403:Secunderabad
6350:Major cities
6212:Nagarkurnool
6187:Mahabubnagar
6021:Language day
5986:Demographics
5971:Architecture
5954:
5793:Jain temples
5688:D. R. Bendre
5623:Kumara Vyasa
5482:Vijayanagara
5291:Bayalu Seeme
5176:Vijayanagara
4989:Vijayanagara
4944:Mayurasharma
4879:Deva Raya II
4844:Amoghavarsha
4746:Architecture
4688:
4637:
4290:Bhawanipatna
4025:Chilika Lake
4015:Utkal Plains
3967:Bhoi dynasty
3922:Nala dynasty
3790:
3741:
3640:
3619:
3609:
3600:
3590:
3578:. Retrieved
3564:
3552:. Retrieved
3548:the original
3543:
3534:
3524:
3517:
3508:
3498:
3492:(1): 53–109.
3489:
3485:
3475:
3466:
3462:
3459:Mitra, S. C.
3441:
3435:
3424:
3415:
3412:"The Roller"
3405:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3353:
3349:
3339:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3307:
3303:
3293:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3264:
3252:. Retrieved
3236:
3229:
3219:
3212:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3185:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3152:
3144:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3121:
3113:
3094:
3090:
3080:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3053:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3026:
3017:
3011:
3003:
2994:
2990:
2981:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2864:. Retrieved
2836:
2832:
2823:
2815:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2769:
2765:
2755:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2635:
2625:
2616:
2606:
2594:. Retrieved
2575:
2571:
2546:. Retrieved
2534:
2530:
2517:
2505:. Retrieved
2484:
2472:. Retrieved
2463:
2459:
2449:
2437:. Retrieved
2425:
2412:
2393:
2389:
2364:(1): 53–56.
2361:
2357:
2347:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2305:
2301:
2288:
2276:. Retrieved
2264:
2260:
2247:
2238:
2181:
2177:
2167:
2155:. Retrieved
2127:
2123:
2113:Raman, C. V.
2107:
2088:
2060:
2004:
2000:
1982:
1976:
1932:
1928:
1900:
1896:
1837:
1795:. Retrieved
1786:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1739:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1709:
1700:
1690:
1681:
1675:
1667:
1655:. Retrieved
1645:
1631:
1622:
1616:
1611:Linnaeus, C.
1605:
1593:. Retrieved
1579:
1573:
1567:
1537:
1509:
1426:
1408:Painting by
1393:
1371:
1351:
1343:
1340:Conservation
1327:
1325:
1308:
1302:
1294:grasshoppers
1283:
1262:
1255:
1249:
1242:allopreening
1235:
1213:
1206:
1203:
1193:
1188:Haemoproteus
1186:
1185:
1180:
1172:
1166:
1146:
1120:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1052:Green Island
1024:Chenab River
1000:Chotiari Dam
994:through the
985:
971:
953:
949:
945:
942:monosyllabic
939:
930:
899:
865:tail coverts
849:
836:
812:
754:
749:
735:
730:
709:
704:
665:
660:
646:
641:
620:
616:
615:
578:
573:
559:
554:
526:
521:
507:
495:
493:
487:
472:
451:due to some
444:
438:
428:
419:western Asia
417:occurs from
411:
406:
390:benghalensis
389:
381:
378:benghalensis
377:
369:
357:
355:
342:
334:
331:in the 1758
322:
282:
268:
267:
263:
261:
250:
249:
194:
192:
176:
175:
163:
29:
6776:iNaturalist
6634:Wikispecies
6461:Sanctuaries
6388:Mahbubnagar
6247:Ranga Reddy
6222:Narayanapet
6182:Mahabubabad
6074:Rastrakutas
6059:Satavahanas
5821:Pampa Award
5658:Gopala Dasa
5653:Vijaya Dasa
5648:Kanaka Dasa
5613:Rudrabhatta
5558:Gunavarma I
5545:Noted poets
5454:Rashtrakuta
5204:Chikmagalur
5080:Ramanagara
5055:Chitradurga
4974:Tipu Sultan
4443:Pattachitra
4438:Odisha Ikat
4393:Bomkai sari
4380:GI products
4295:Bhubaneswar
3743:Bhubaneswar
3469:(2): 67–74.
2997:(1): 51–77.
2924:(2): 79–86.
2638:(12): 9–20.
2617:The Phoenix
1775:Gill, Frank
1595:20 November
1540:plume trade
1421: 1780
1414:Impey Album
1412:, from the
1127:territorial
1087:plantations
1044:Lakshadweep
1012:Balochistan
860:ear coverts
825:Description
755:C. garrulus
710:C. caudatus
6969:Coraciidae
6958:Categories
6912:Q125132160
6880:Xeno-canto
6504:Ramagundam
6489:Karimnagar
6466:Waterfalls
6383:Ramagundam
6378:Karimnagar
6330:Ramagundam
6315:Karimnagar
6272:Wanaparthy
6252:Sangareddy
6237:Peddapalli
6192:Mancherial
6172:Karimnagar
6137:Hanamkonda
6099:Qutb Shahi
6006:Government
5884:Television
5874:Newspapers
5798:Waterfalls
5608:Raghavanka
5598:Siddharama
5433:Milestones
5419:Literature
5404:Yakshagana
5354:Ilkal sari
5161:Kalaburagi
5060:Davanagere
4949:Pattadakal
4766:Demography
4707:Sandalwood
4531:Literature
4335:Kendrapara
4320:Jharsuguda
4223:Nabrangpur
4218:Malkangiri
4162:Mayurbhanj
4152:Kendrapara
4111:Sundergarh
4106:Subarnapur
4091:Jharsuguda
3864:High Court
3834:Governance
3809:Sacred fig
3544:Know India
2684:(1): 1–60.
2619:(12): 5–7.
2426:Sandgrouse
1715:Biswas, B.
1641:Derham, W.
1546:References
1521:state bird
1512:Kol people
1465:Hindustani
1441:Durga Puja
1400:In culture
1390:house crow
1321:kingfisher
1313:Tamil Nadu
1238:pair bonds
1123:gregarious
1091:roundabout
1018:along the
962:fledglings
914:C.V. Raman
910:scattering
902:structural
647:C. affinis
560:C. naevius
488:C. affinis
449:subspecies
445:C. affinis
301:state bird
297:pair bonds
278:subspecies
274:Coraciidae
153:Coraciidae
6534:Badangpet
6499:Nizamabad
6484:Hyderabad
6368:Nizamabad
6358:Hyderabad
6325:Nizamabad
6267:Vikarabad
6232:Nizamabad
6167:Kamareddy
6142:Hyderabad
6114:Districts
6084:Kakatiyas
6069:Chalukyas
6052:Dynasties
6001:Geography
5996:Education
5956:Hyderabad
5942:Telangana
5879:Magazines
5668:Lakshmisa
5628:Chamarasa
5568:Sri Ponna
5535:Karnataka
5399:Veeragase
5334:Bidriware
5329:Buta Kola
5261:Districts
5248:Geography
5028:divisions
5024:Districts
4884:Durvinita
4859:Balligavi
4786:Geography
4781:Folk arts
4776:Education
4738:Overviews
4639:Bengaluru
4625:Karnataka
4511:Festivals
4506:Education
4365:Sambalpur
4340:Kendujhar
4310:Dhenkanal
4300:Berhampur
4208:Kandhamal
4203:Kalahandi
4101:Sambalpur
4096:Kendujhar
4086:Dhenkanal
4045:Districts
3997:Geography
3874:Elections
3842:Governors
3740:Capital:
3310:(3): 665.
3138:(1): 124.
3064:(Vigors)"
3047:(2): 300.
2964:2263/5124
2839:: 67–73.
2191:0912.3316
1935:: 17–22.
1893:Cramp, S.
1637:Albin, E.
1533:Karnataka
1529:Telangana
1486:romanized
1460:pālapiṭṭa
1378:New Delhi
1208:Habronema
1158:wildfires
1154:aerobatic
1131:migration
1028:Jalalabad
1014:, and in
975:primaries
922:β-keratin
821:in Iran.
435:hindneck.
404:in 1962.
303:of three
285:West Asia
171:Species:
109:Kingdom:
103:Eukaryota
6906:Wikidata
6820:22725914
6794:10660070
6693:22725914
6688:BirdLife
6619:Wikidata
6529:Nizampet
6514:Boduppal
6509:Warangal
6426:Churches
6408:Suryapet
6398:Adilabad
6393:Nalgonda
6363:Warangal
6340:Warangal
6335:Siddipet
6277:Warangal
6262:Suryapet
6257:Siddipet
6217:Nalgonda
6122:Adilabad
6094:Bahmanis
6028:Politics
5673:Sarvajna
5603:Harihara
5496:Haridasa
5447:Medieval
5296:Malenadu
5281:Villages
5108:Belagavi
5103:Bagalkot
5075:Tumakuru
4964:Sringeri
4889:Halebidu
4854:Banavasi
4816:Wildlife
4726:Insect:
4516:Language
4360:Rourkela
4350:Paradeep
4280:Baripada
4265:Balasore
4260:Balangir
4233:Rayagada
4193:Gajapati
4181:Southern
4167:Nayagarh
4127:Balasore
4081:Debagarh
4071:Balangir
4059:Northern
4051:division
3879:Politics
3574:Archived
3432:(1889).
3245:Archived
2973:18453241
2857:Archived
2853:83234083
2636:Forktail
2590:Archived
2539:Archived
2498:Archived
2468:Archived
2466:: 1–18.
2430:Archived
2269:Archived
2218:20589056
2148:Archived
2144:82356751
2115:(1934).
1949:29631051
1791:Archived
1717:(1961).
1651:Archived
1643:(1731).
1613:(1758).
1501:Halahala
1492:nīlkaṇṭh
1481:نیل کنٹھ
1454:పాలపిట్ట
1317:gleaning
1298:crickets
1286:termites
1260:trees.
1224:Breeding
1218:gizzards
1200:helminth
1190:coraciae
1149:preening
1105:and the
1082:Prosopis
1064:mudflats
1056:Al Jahra
958:staccato
912:, which
887:Moulting
509:Coracias
497:Coracias
319:Taxonomy
243:Synonyms
203:Linnaeus
164:Coracias
149:Family:
123:Chordata
119:Phylum:
113:Animalia
99:Domain:
76:IUCN 3.1
6934:ZooBank
6926:8343600
6872:3596441
6846:1343485
6768:2475379
6742:indrol1
6716:indrol1
6675:Avibase
6625:Q477133
6494:Khammam
6446:Mosques
6441:Temples
6418:Tourism
6373:Khammam
6320:Khammam
6177:Khammam
6152:Jangaon
6147:Jagtial
6043:Tourism
6011:History
5991:Economy
5981:Culture
5976:Cuisine
5951:Capital
5768:Beaches
5760:Tourism
5737:society
5713:Kuvempu
5489:Vachana
5475:Hoysala
5427:Kannada
5364:Kannada
5359:Kamsale
5316:Culture
5171:Raichur
5151:Ballari
5118:Dharwad
5113:Bijapur
5070:Shimoga
4899:Halmidi
4826:History
4791:History
4771:Economy
4761:Cuisine
4756:Climate
4634:Capital
4558:Tourism
4536:Grammar
4501:Economy
4491:Culture
4486:Cuisine
4423:Khandua
4370:Talcher
4345:Khordha
4325:Jeypore
4305:Cuttack
4285:Bhadrak
4275:Bargarh
4228:Nuapada
4213:Koraput
4157:Khordha
4137:Cuttack
4132:Bhadrak
4120:Central
4076:Bargarh
4010:Forests
3902:Kalinga
3894:History
3686:Mammals
3660:Portals
3580:26 June
3554:26 June
3486:Buceros
3254:9 April
3010:"1022.
2678:Buceros
2531:Podoces
2507:8 April
2474:26 June
2439:9 April
2235:Ali, S.
2196:Bibcode
2130:: 1–7.
2021:1177687
1957:5011292
1797:5 April
1657:5 April
1488::
1437:Dussera
1374:Aligarh
1368:Threats
1356:on the
1347:Islamic
1290:Beetles
1210:thapari
1142:sunning
1060:marshes
1040:Bahrain
1036:Socotra
954:Kaarsch
852:plumage
846:Plumage
461:nuclear
382:indicus
311:on the
293:beetles
287:to the
159:Genus:
139:Order:
129:Class:
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6781:979665
6750:EURING
6706:115158
6662:ARKive
6227:Nirmal
6207:Mulugu
6033:People
5964:Topics
5869:Cinema
5808:Awards
5733:People
5583:Basava
5517:Modern
5503:Mysore
5379:Khedda
5374:Kasuti
5301:Kanara
5276:Taluks
5266:Rivers
5229:Mysore
5224:Mandya
5219:Kodagu
5214:Hassan
5181:Yadgir
5166:Koppal
5123:Haveri
4849:Badami
4834:Aihole
4806:Sports
4801:People
4751:Cinema
4720:Fish:
4694:Flower
4676:Animal
4656:Emblem
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4548:Tribes
4543:People
4526:Script
4481:Cinema
4468:Topics
4315:Jajpur
4270:Barbil
4247:Cities
4198:Ganjam
4147:Jajpur
3907:Rulers
3869:Police
3813:Fish:
3800:Ashoka
3796:Flower
3782:Sambar
3778:Animal
3769:Anthem
3760:Emblem
3732:Odisha
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5440:Epics
5234:Udupi
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5128:Gadag
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4864:Belur
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4698:Lotus
4621:State
4255:Angul
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