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the group may range over a larger territory. On the death of one of the dominant breeders the groups break up, and the remaining dominant bird will take immatures from their group and find a lone bird to form a new group. The majority of recruits into any group after its establishment are youngsters
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In the field, the relationship between the two species is immediately apparent: both species are highly social, spending much of their time foraging through leaf litter with a very distinctive gait, calling to one another almost constantly. Both species respond to a human interloper by flying heavily
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The two mudnesters are medium-sized passerines, the apostlebird being smaller at around 31 centimetres (12 in) in length and the larger white-winged chough averaging 47 centimetres (19 in). Their morphology is typical of ground feeding passerines, with long legs and short, rounded wings.
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are constructed out of mud. These bowl shaped nests take several days to construct, longer if supplies of mud dry up before the nest is finished. Nests are built opportunistically when rain causes muddy puddles, and may be reused if possible. Around three to five oval
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The social groups of mudnesters are based around a dominant male and female. The number of birds in the group may vary from two to twenty birds, six birds being typical in the white-winged chough and seven to nine birds in the apostlebird. Both species are
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for around twenty days by all members of the group, and feeding and brooding duties are also shared within the group. This family has a very long period of fledgling care, with full independence from the parents and helpers taking up to 200 days.
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from previous breeding seasons. These helpers are important in breeding success, so much so that white-winged choughs have been reported to kidnap nearly fledged chicks from other groups in order to increase the size of the kidnapping group.
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291:. The differences in the bills reflect the differences in feeding ecology, with the apostlebirds using theirs for sparrow-like picking whereas the white-winged chough uses its bill to flick leaf litter around.
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and defend a territory during the breeding season. The size of the territory during the breeding season is around 20 ha, after the breeding season when the chicks are
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388:"Opinion 2380 (Case 3630). CORCORACIDAE Mathews, 1927 (Aves) and Coracia melanorhamphos Vieillot, 1817 (currently Corcorax melanorhamphos): names conserved"
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Rowley, Ian; Russell, Eleanor (2009). "Family
Struthideidae (Australian mudnesters)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David (eds.).
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in the past; however, despite
Struthideidae being an older name than Corcoracidae, the latter name takes precedence. It contains just two
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Heinsohn, Robert G (1991). "Slow
Learning of Foraging Skills and Extended Parental Care in Cooperatively Breeding White-Winged Choughs".
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279:(grey with brown wings and a black tail in the apostlebird, and black with white wing patches in the white-winged chough) and
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woodlands and some forest that lacks a closed canopy. The apostlebird is more tolerant of arid habitats and is found in arid
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to a nearby tree, where they wait for the disturbance to pass, often perching close together in twos and threes and
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Heinsohn, RG (1991). "Kidnapping and reciprocity in cooperatively breeding white-winged choughs".
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Woxvold, Iain A. (2004). "Breeding ecology and group dynamics of the apostlebird".
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shape. The bill of the apostlebird is short and deep, not unlike that of a
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The most noticeable differences between the two species are in the
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White-winged Chough & Apostlebird videos, photos & sounds
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Chapman, Graeme (1998). "The Social Life of the
Apostlebird
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242:Both the Australian mudnesters are found in open
266:and suburban areas, and even parks and gardens.
449:. Volume 14: Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows
331:As the common name of the family suggests, the
805:Higher-level bird taxa restricted to Australia
451:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 272–285.
258:. Both species are tolerant of human modified
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340:are laid in each clutch. These eggs are
392:The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
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206:. The family has sometimes been called
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447:Handbook of the Birds of the World
246:in eastern Australia, mostly open
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598:on the Internet Bird Collection
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810:Taxa named by Gregory Mathews
544:10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80652-9
505:Australian Journal of Zoology
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62:Scientific classification
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238:Distribution and habitat
567:The American Naturalist
359:Corcorax melanorhamphos
230:). Both are endemic to
220:Corcorax melanorhamphos
161:Corcorax melanorhamphos
54:Corcorax melanorhamphos
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35:Australian mudnesters
404:10.21805/bzn.v73i1.a5
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204:Australian mudnesters
355:White-winged chough
216:white-winged chough
214:in two genera, the
202:birds known as the
50:White-winged chough
474:Struthidea cinerea
398:(1): 74–76. 2016.
368:Struthidea cinerea
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228:Struthidea cinerea
168:Struthidea cinerea
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772:Open Tree of Life
608:Taxon identifiers
458:978-84-96553-50-7
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187:Mathews 1924
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139:Corcoracidae
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18:Corcoracidae
720:iNaturalist
640:Wikispecies
364:Apostlebird
270:Description
224:apostlebird
794:Categories
374:References
256:shrublands
222:) and the
420:135410160
412:0007-5167
342:incubated
295:Behaviour
264:farmlands
232:Australia
200:passerine
129:Corvoidea
85:Kingdom:
79:Eukaryota
625:Wikidata
552:53182362
260:habitats
252:woodland
248:eucalypt
178:Synonyms
152:Species
135:Family:
99:Chordata
95:Phylum:
89:Animalia
75:Domain:
777:1092341
631:Q579399
349:Species
325:fledged
289:choughs
277:plumage
244:habitat
212:species
144:Mathews
115:Order:
105:Class:
751:726093
738:105909
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418:
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733:IRMNG
725:71314
673:88868
548:S2CID
416:S2CID
333:nests
285:finch
764:9143
759:NCBI
746:ITIS
712:5234
707:GBIF
699:7558
668:BOLD
453:ISBN
408:ISSN
338:eggs
281:bill
254:and
146:1927
109:Aves
694:EoL
686:8JV
681:CoL
655:AFD
575:doi
571:137
540:doi
513:doi
486:doi
478:Emu
476:".
400:doi
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