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24:
1070:
and quickly assumed power after Mobutu was overthrown. During this time period, Kabila issued a statement making himself president with near absolute power in the government. With people supporting him for overthrowing Mobutu, he was not initially met with much
1030:: "Mobutu would ask one of us to go to the bank and take out a million. We'd go to an intermediary and tell him to get five million. He would go to the bank with Mobutu's authority, and take out ten. Mobutu got one, and we took the other nine." The
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was implemented in 2001 by
President Joseph Kabila. Nonetheless, there are still reports of high-ranking officials exploiting resources for their personal benefit and other forms of
3166:
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2335:
2310:
983:, which used to be an institutionalized part of the state, has been relatively lowered in recent years. However, it continues to exceed corruption in comparison to most states. The
964:
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1121:. The economy plummeted, forcing workers to be underpaid and living conditions to deteriorate. Laurent Kabila was killed in 2001 by one of his body guards in an attempted
1343:. Countries are scored on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean") and then ranked by score; the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest
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1408:
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957:
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was not changed, and he and his peers exploited resources for their personal benefit. Laurent Kabila led a regime that upheld corruption through
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1163:. In 2006, the constitution changed the president's minimum age from 35 to 30 years old to include Joseph Kabila, who was 33 at the time.
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1709:
Matti, Stephanie A. (2010). "The
Democratic Republic of the Congo? Corruption, Patronage, and Competitive Authoritarianism in the DRC".
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from 1965 to 1997, looting his country's wealth for personal use to such a degree that critics coined the term "
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1848:"Political Victims and Media Focus: The Killings of Laurent Kabila, Zoran Djindjic, Anna Lindh and Pim Fortuyn"
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almost $ 50m (ÂŁ39m) of public funds. He was the most high-profile figure to be convicted of corruption in the
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Mobutu institutionalized corruption to prevent political rivals from challenging his control, leading to an
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1075:. However, Kabila's and his government's goals for the regime were said to be unclear and vague.
1036:
1002:
established the
Commission of Repression of Economic Crimes upon his ascension to power in 2001.
898:
827:
459:
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228:
105:
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1744:
Reyntjens, Filip (2001). "Briefing: The
Democratic Republic of Congo, from Kabila to Kabila".
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1103:
1143:
was elected president after
Laurent Kabila's death. Joseph Kabila is working with the
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2222:
2095:
2075:
2055:
2035:
2015:
1995:
1975:
1807:
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1344:
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1140:
1095:
1051:. Mobutu allegedly amassed between US$ 50 million and $ 125 million during his rule.
999:
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100:
1810:– via National Endowment for Democracy and The Johns Hopkins University Press.
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1958:"DRC: Investigation opens on Joseph Kabila over $ 138 million embezzlement"
1922:"Vital Kamerhe: DRC president's chief of staff found guilty of corruption"
1657:
2116:"The ABCs of the CPI: How the Corruption Perceptions Index is calculated"
1218:
1079:
150:
120:
85:
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1027:
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1644:
Schatzberg, Michael G. (1997). "Beyond Mobutu: Kabila and the Congo".
1512:
War, Hunger, and
Displacement: The Origins of Humanitarian Emergencies
135:
1198:. He was sentenced to 20 years' hard labor, after facing charges of
1026:". A relative once explained how the government illicitly collected
1894:"Congo's pricey passport scheme sends millions of dollars offshore"
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1034:
explained the lack of support from the government by the humorous
1019:
2733:
2151:
1822:
984:
17:
1940:"DRC: Under what conditions has Vital Kamerhe been released?"
1684:"Corruption and Infrastructure Megaprojects in the DR Congo"
1357:
Resource
Extraction in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1206:. However, Kamerhe was released already in December 2021.
2143:
Interactive world map of the
Corruption Perception Index
1482:
King of the
Mountain: The Nature of Political Leadership
1094:
by appointing his clients as cabinet members. Under the
987:'s DRC country profile calls its recent history "one of
1086:, and continued to postpone promised elections. The
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2496:
2363:
2297:
2186:
1510:Nafziger, E. Wayne; Stewart, Raimo Frances (2000).
3177:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1109:The government has not implemented security and
3172:Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1598:Rosenblum, Peter (May 1998). "Kabila's Congo".
3167:Crime in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2745:
2163:
1379:Crime in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
958:
8:
1409:United Nations Convention Against Corruption
189:United Nations Convention against Corruption
1136:, which reveals high levels of corruption.
2752:
2738:
2730:
2568:
2502:
2369:
2303:
2170:
2156:
2148:
1241:
965:
951:
202:
53:
2096:"Democratic Republic of the Congo (2023)"
2076:"Democratic Republic of the Congo (2022)"
2056:"Democratic Republic of the Congo (2021)"
2036:"Democratic Republic of the Congo (2020)"
2016:"Democratic Republic of the Congo (2019)"
1996:"Democratic Republic of the Congo (2018)"
1976:"Democratic Republic of the Congo (2017)"
1855:Journal for Crime, Conflict and the Media
1404:ISO 37001 Anti-bribery management systems
1362:Democratic Republic of the Congo passport
1132:received a score of 1.9 out of 10 in the
1238:
1106:" status from when Mobutu was in power.
1430:
916:
855:
814:
788:
587:
376:
205:
196:
158:
72:
56:
1488:
1170:exposed a scheme involving overpriced
1102:has failed to pull itself out of its "
1704:
1702:
1700:
1677:
1675:
1553:"Mobutu's village basks in his glory"
1526:"Mobutu: A Rich man In Poor Standing"
1389:International Anti-Corruption Academy
179:International Anti-Corruption Academy
7:
1781:"The Mirage of Democracy in the DRC"
1639:
1637:
1593:
1591:
1568:
1566:
1082:in fear of the country returning to
1575:"Kabila Promises New Era for Congo"
1551:Brooke, James (29 September 1988).
1339:'s ranking of 180 countries in the
1335:fared in seven successive years of
169:International Anti-Corruption Court
1394:Group of States against Corruption
174:Group of States Against Corruption
14:
2270:Transitional Government (2003–06)
1573:Isango, Eddy (December 7, 2006).
1399:International Anti-Corruption Day
1217:and his associates was opened in
184:International Anti-Corruption Day
3058:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2828:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2179:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1682:Nguh, Augustin (December 2013).
1479:Ludwig, Arnold M. (2002-11-11).
1333:Democratic Republic of the Congo
980:Democratic Republic of the Congo
239:Democratic Republic of the Congo
64:
22:
1846:Christensen, Christian (2004).
2206:Colonial governors (1885–1960)
1873:"Democratic Republic of Congo"
1779:Dizolele, Mvemba (July 2010).
1331:The table above shows how the
1:
1821:Mills, Greg (February 2002).
1495:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1466:The Corruption Notebooks 2006
1221:after revelations of alleged
1182:In June 2020, a court in the
1157:Commission of Economic Crimes
1128:During that time period, The
2287:M23 offensive (2022–present)
2260:Second Congo War (1998–2003)
2235:Congo-Léopoldville (1960–65)
2211:Congo Free State (1885–1908)
1612:10.1525/curh.1998.97.619.193
1414:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
1341:Corruption Perceptions Index
1318:
1307:
1296:
1285:
1274:
1263:
1252:
1235:Corruption Perceptions Index
1229:Corruption Perceptions Index
1184:Democratic Republic of Congo
1130:Democratic Republic of Congo
2402:Foreign policy under Mobutu
1247:
1244:
1213:targeting former president
1134:Corruption Perception Index
3193:
2245:State of Katanga (1960–63)
1439:"DR Congo country profile"
1419:Transparency International
1337:Transparency International
1317:
1306:
1295:
1284:
1273:
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1240:
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1055:The Kabila Era (1997–2019)
1011:The Mobutu era (1965–1997)
2691:
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2505:
2372:
2306:
2255:First Congo War (1996–98)
1758:10.1093/afraf/100.399.311
1119:decentralization of power
1049:economic collapse in 1996
31:This article needs to be
2813:Central African Republic
2377:Administrative divisions
1723:10.2979/aft.2010.56.4.42
1464:Werve, Jonathan (2006).
1044:("Figure it yourself").
2282:M23 rebellion (2012–13)
2223:Belgian Congo (1908–60)
91:Economics of corruption
2240:Congo Crisis (1960–65)
2201:Colonization (1867–85)
1861:: 17 – via JC2M.
1211:judicial investigation
611:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3157:Corruption by country
2973:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2833:Republic of the Congo
1944:The Africa Report.com
1658:10.1353/jod.1997.0065
1178:After Kabilas (2019–)
1078:He refused immediate
197:Corruption by country
146:State-corporate crime
126:Pyrrhic defeat theory
3162:Corruption in Africa
2760:Corruption in Africa
1788:Journal of Democracy
1691:International Rivers
1646:Journal of Democracy
1367:Corruption in Angola
1209:In November 2021, a
58:Political corruption
3048:States with limited
1964:. 24 November 2021.
1530:The Washington Post
1190:'s chief of staff
1172:biometric passports
1155:. In addition, the
2540:Telecommunications
2387:Court of Cassation
2351:Former place names
1946:. 7 December 2021.
1800:10.1353/jod.0.0189
1557:The New York Times
1532:. 2 October 1991.
1445:. 10 February 2016
1225:of $ 138 million.
978:Corruption in the
106:Influence peddling
73:Forms and concepts
3144:
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3075:other territories
2848:Equatorial Guinea
2727:
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2687:
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2606:Human trafficking
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2453:National Assembly
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3127:Ascension Island
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1186:found President
1042:DĂ©brouillez-vous
1016:Mobutu Sese Seko
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716:Northern Ireland
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1902:. 13 April 2017
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141:State capture
139:
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109:
107:
104:
102:
101:Elite capture
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63:
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34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
3123:Saint Helena
3094:
2998:South Africa
2988:Sierra Leone
2827:
2793:Burkina Faso
2616:Prostitution
2591:Demographics
2580:
2515:Central Bank
2414:Human rights
2382:Constitution
2316:Conservation
2228:World War II
2123:. Retrieved
2119:
2110:
2099:. Retrieved
2090:
2079:. Retrieved
2070:
2059:. Retrieved
2050:
2039:. Retrieved
2030:
2019:. Retrieved
2010:
1999:. Retrieved
1990:
1979:. Retrieved
1970:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1904:. Retrieved
1897:
1888:
1879:
1867:
1858:
1854:
1841:
1830:. Retrieved
1826:
1816:
1791:
1787:
1774:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1717:(4): 42–61.
1714:
1711:Africa Today
1710:
1690:
1652:(4): 70–84.
1649:
1645:
1603:
1599:
1581:
1556:
1546:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1505:
1481:
1474:
1465:
1459:
1447:. Retrieved
1442:
1433:
1372:
1371:
1330:
1223:embezzlement
1208:
1181:
1165:
1151:and improve
1138:
1127:
1111:human rights
1108:
1088:constitution
1077:
1058:
1046:
1041:
1035:
1014:
977:
976:
565:Turkmenistan
334:South Africa
324:Sierra Leone
238:
40:
32:
15:
3050:recognition
3003:South Sudan
2893:Ivory Coast
2510:Agriculture
1384:Kleptocracy
1147:to curtail
1123:coup d'Ă©tat
1092:clientelism
1024:kleptocracy
930:New Zealand
833:El Salvador
823:Costa Rica
771:Switzerland
706:Netherlands
535:South Korea
525:Philippines
515:North Korea
385:Afghanistan
339:South Sudan
116:Mafia state
111:Kleptocracy
3151:Categories
3105:(Portugal)
3063:Somaliland
2983:Seychelles
2948:Mozambique
2933:Mauritania
2918:Madagascar
2873:The Gambia
2808:Cape Verde
2581:Corruption
2443:Parliament
2409:Government
2326:Ecoregions
2216:Atrocities
2125:2024-02-22
2101:2024-02-22
2081:2023-02-01
2061:2022-03-06
2041:2022-03-06
2021:2022-03-06
2001:2022-03-06
1981:2022-03-06
1962:Africanews
1832:2018-10-11
1425:References
1200:embezzling
1196:corruption
1194:guilty of
1161:corruption
1149:corruption
1145:World Bank
1117:, and the
1115:free media
1037:article 15
993:corruption
701:Montenegro
691:Luxembourg
570:Uzbekistan
550:Tajikistan
490:Kazakhstan
485:Kyrgyzstan
435:East Timor
405:Bangladesh
395:Azerbaijan
131:Slush fund
2938:Mauritius
2611:Languages
2596:Education
2550:Transport
2520:Companies
2465:President
2392:Elections
2341:Volcanoes
2331:Mountains
2299:Geography
1808:154018859
1731:153894995
1666:154740659
1628:200705711
1620:146274596
1538:0190-8286
1491:cite book
1166:In 2017,
1139:His son,
1113:reforms,
1084:Mobutuism
1080:elections
1064:insurgent
1032:Congolese
997:President
989:civil war
925:Australia
909:Venezuela
864:Argentina
848:Nicaragua
686:Lithuania
540:Sri Lanka
530:Singapore
450:Indonesia
294:Mauritius
43:June 2020
3129: /
3125: /
3118:(France)
3112: /
3090: /
3086: /
3038:Zimbabwe
3013:Tanzania
2863:Ethiopia
2858:Eswatini
2838:Djibouti
2803:Cameroon
2788:Botswana
2714:Category
2664:Football
2621:Religion
2431:Military
2365:Politics
2346:Wildlife
1926:BBC News
1906:14 April
1624:ProQuest
1443:BBC News
1373:General:
1351:See also
1219:Kinshasa
894:Paraguay
884:Colombia
843:Honduras
756:Slovenia
751:Slovakia
731:Portugal
616:Bulgaria
555:Thailand
520:Pakistan
500:Malaysia
420:Cambodia
369:Zimbabwe
349:Tanzania
259:Ethiopia
224:Cameroon
219:Botswana
151:Throffer
121:Nepotism
86:Cronyism
3114:RĂ©union
3110:Mayotte
3101:Madeira
3096:(Spain)
3092:Melilla
3023:Tunisia
2993:Somalia
2978:Senegal
2963:Nigeria
2953:Namibia
2943:Morocco
2908:Liberia
2903:Lesotho
2853:Eritrea
2823:Comoros
2798:Burundi
2773:Algeria
2698:Outline
2654:Cuisine
2641:Culture
2564:Society
2545:Tourism
2498:Economy
2188:History
1899:Reuters
1766:3518770
1449:29 July
1168:Reuters
1153:economy
1062:led an
1028:revenue
1006:History
917:Oceania
904:Uruguay
889:Ecuador
869:Bolivia
776:Ukraine
736:Romania
696:Moldova
666:Ireland
661:Iceland
656:Hungary
646:Germany
636:Finland
631:Denmark
621:Croatia
606:Belgium
601:Austria
596:Albania
575:Vietnam
505:Myanmar
495:Lebanon
440:Georgia
400:Bahrain
390:Armenia
354:Tunisia
329:Somalia
319:Senegal
314:Nigeria
304:Namibia
299:Morocco
284:Liberia
279:Lesotho
254:Eritrea
234:Comoros
81:Bribery
33:updated
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3033:Zambia
3028:Uganda
2968:Rwanda
2923:Malawi
2883:Guinea
2778:Angola
2719:Portal
2649:Cinema
2601:Health
2535:Mining
2525:Energy
2448:Senate
2336:Rivers
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1018:ruled
874:Brazil
802:Mexico
797:Canada
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746:Serbia
741:Russia
726:Poland
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681:Latvia
676:Kosovo
651:Greece
641:France
588:Europe
560:Turkey
480:Kuwait
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415:Brunei
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364:Zambia
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289:Malawi
214:Angola
206:Africa
136:Simony
3088:Ceuta
3008:Sudan
2958:Niger
2913:Libya
2898:Kenya
2878:Ghana
2868:Gabon
2843:Egypt
2783:Benin
2705:Index
2674:Music
2669:Media
2631:Women
2586:Crime
2265:2000s
1876:(PDF)
1851:(PDF)
1804:S2CID
1784:(PDF)
1762:JSTOR
1727:S2CID
1687:(PDF)
1662:S2CID
1616:S2CID
1578:(PDF)
1319:2023
1308:2022
1297:2021
1286:2020
1275:2019
1264:2018
1253:2017
1248:Rank
1242:Year
1020:Zaire
879:Chile
838:Haiti
761:Spain
671:Italy
580:Yemen
545:Syria
510:Nepal
470:Japan
445:India
425:China
344:Sudan
309:Niger
274:Kenya
264:Ghana
244:Egypt
3018:Togo
2928:Mali
2818:Chad
2659:Flag
2482:List
2470:List
2419:LGBT
1908:2017
1534:ISSN
1497:link
1451:2016
1325:162
1314:166
1303:169
1292:170
1281:168
1270:161
1259:161
991:and
899:Peru
828:Cuba
460:Iraq
455:Iran
377:Asia
229:Chad
1796:doi
1754:doi
1750:100
1719:doi
1654:doi
1608:doi
1322:20
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