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A series of six narrow terraces at the base was traversed by a monumental central stair leading to the wide middle terrace. The divided stair to the uppermost terrace, with flights running on either side against the retaining wall to a landing and returning towards the center, was another innovation
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The lowest, and largest level of the court was not planted. It was cobbled and paved with a saltire of stones laid corner to corner and had semi-permanent bleachers set against the
Vatican walls to serve for outdoor entertainments, pageants and carousels such as the festive early-17th-century joust
234:
with the Villa
Belvedere. Bramante's design is commemorated in a fresco at the Castel Sant'Angelo; he regularized the slope as a set of terraces, linked by rigorously symmetrical stairs on the central longitudinal axis, to create a sequence of formal spaces that was unparalleled in Europe, both in
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at the Villa
Belvedere end of the court. This was set into a screening wall devised by Bramante to disguise the fact the villa facade was not parallel to the facing Vatican Palace facade at the other end. The entire perpectivised ensemble was designed to be best seen from
339:("great niche") visible today from several elevated outlooks around Rome. He completed his structure with an uppermost loggia that repeated the hemicycle of the niche and took its cue from scholarly reconstructions of the ancient sanctuary dedicated to
381:(1585–90) by erecting a wing of the Vatican Library, which occupies the former middle terrace and bisects the space. James Ackerman has suggested that the move was a conscious one, designed to screen the secular, even pagan nature of the
202:
came to the throne in 1503, he moved his growing collection of Roman sculpture here, to an enclosed courtyard within the Villa
Belvedere itself. Soon after its discovery, Julius purchased the ancient sculpture of
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Bramante did not see the work completed, and before the end of the sixteenth century it had been irretrievably altered by a building across the court, dividing it into two separate courtyards.
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532:'s nephews in 1565. The illustration reverses the drawing it was made from: the court where the sculptures were displayed appears in the engraving at upper left instead of upper right.
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Architectural view of tiered arcades flanking an archway and courtyard, possibly a portion of the
Cortile del Belvedere at the Vatican Palace in Rome; designed by Donato Bramante.
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and garden plans throughout
Western Europe. Conceived as a single enclosed space, the long Belvedere court connected the Vatican Palace with the
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at the end of the uppermost terrace, Ligorio added a third story, enclosing the central space with a vast half-dome to form the largest
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tomb or, as supposed in the Middle Ages, to mark the turning point for chariots in the hippodrome where many
Christians were martyred.
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and brought it here by 1506. A short time later, the statue of Apollo became part of the collection, henceforth to be known as the
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393:". Today the lowest terrace is still called the Cortile del Belvedere, but the separated upper terrace is called the
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for adoring crowds to see. Because of the pachyderm's glorious history he was buried in the
Cortile del Belvedere.
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has exaggerated the vertical dimensions, but
Bramante's sequence of monumental axially-planned stairs is visible.
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Hans Henrik
Brummer, 1970. "The Statue Court in the Vatican Belvedere" (Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell)
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Matthias Winner, 1998. "Il Cortile delle Statue : Akten des Internationalen Kongresses zu Ehren von
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Shortly after, the court was home to the papal menagerie. It was on the lower part of the courtyard that
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Piana, Marco (2019). "Gods in the Garden: Visions of the Pagan Other in the Rome of Julius II".
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in a series of terraces connected by stairs, and was contained on its sides by narrow wings.
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from 1505 onward, its concept and details reverberated in courtyard design, formalized
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The court was incomplete when Bramante died in 1514. It was finished by
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was the first pleasure house to be built in Rome since Antiquity.
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Roberto Piperno, "Giardino e Casino Pontificio del Belvedere":
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The whole visual scenography culminated in the semicircular
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by Bramante. His long corridor-like wings that enclose the
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Giovanni Antonio Dosio's drawing, about Bramante's building
837:(original design c. 1501; demolished in the 17th century)
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The middle terrace was obliterated by the cross wing of
355:. The upper two levels were laid out with of patterned
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Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici
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to the highest terrace; it was an ancient fountain.
307:(pinecone) in front of the exhedra, gives the name
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420:In 1990, a sculpture of two concentric spheres by
424:was placed in the middle of the upper courtyard.
619:(Vatican City: Biblioteca aspostolica vaticana)
16:Architectural work at the Vatican Palace in Rome
469:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
247:collections. One of the wings accommodated the
44:A carousel in the Cortile del Belvedere, 1565:
788:(original design, 1503, ground breaking, 1506)
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215:, as did the heroic male torso known as the
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323:in 1562–65. To the great open-headed
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235:its scale and in its architectural unity.
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1364:Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri
351:depicted in a painting in Museo di Roma,
230:Julius commissioned Bramante to link the
2039:Buildings and structures in Vatican City
520:This view exaggerated in the engraving (
133:) was a major architectural work of the
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266:in the papal apartments of the palace.
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63:
800:(original project attributed, c. 1509)
444:Index of Vatican City-related articles
385:and the collection of sculptures that
67:Click on the map for a fullscreen view
52:
7:
792:Santa Maria della Consolazione, Todi
633:the Cortile as seen by Giuseppe Vasi
465:"The Belvedere as a Classical Villa"
548:. Penguin Books. pp. 143–144.
528:celebrating the marriage of one of
175:on the high ground overlooking old
164:Early history and Bramante's design
524:) made to commemorate the festive
14:
1645:Postage stamps and postal history
581:, Harper & Row, 1969. p. 117.
359:that the Italians referred to as
288:would parade his prized elephant
280:Exedra in the Cortile della Pigna
2019:Buildings and structures in Rome
1991:
1979:
1786:Philatelic and Numismatic Office
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758:(1492–1498) (cloister and apse)
756:Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan
1174:Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena
970:Vicar General for Vatican City
804:Basilica of San Magno, Legnano
299:This 1st-century Roman bronze
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1131:Monument to the Royal Stuarts
1027:Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi
742:Santa Maria presso San Satiro
678:Journal of Religion in Europe
642:(1957). " James S. Ackerman,
113:View of the courtyard at dusk
1425:Santo Stefano degli Abissini
463:Ackermann, James S. (1951).
331:that had been erected since
2034:Italian Renaissance gardens
1814:Vatican Information Service
1654:Secretariat for the Economy
1510:Cardinal Secretary of State
1252:Modern and Contemporary Art
665:" (Mainz : Von Zabern)
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1944:Amateur Sports Association
1388:San Pellegrino in Vaticano
1315:Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri
439:Italian Renaissance garden
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690:10.1163/18748929-01203003
644:The Cortile del Belvedere
617:The Cortile del Belvedere
522:illustration, above right
475:(1/2). yumpu.com: 70–71.
377:spoiled the unity of the
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1848:Vatican Publishing House
1153:Redemptoris Mater Chapel
1005:Old St. Peter's Basilica
1986:Vatican City portal
1398:Via della Conciliazione
994:Prisoner in the Vatican
750:Giovanni Antonio Amadeo
542:Bedini, Silvio (2000).
1998:Catholicism portal
1960:National football team
1954:National football team
1854:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
1546:For Vatican City State
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615:James Ackerman, 1954.
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1583:Corps of Gendarmerie
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1359:Sant'Egidio in Borgo
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1079:St. Peter's Basilica
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594:. Vatican City State
592:"Vatican Courtyards"
389:had referred to as "
206:Laocoön and His Sons
2029:Italian Renaissance
1861:Annuario Pontificio
1713:Academy of Sciences
1272:Gregoriano Egiziano
663:Richard Krautheimer
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395:Cortile della Pigna
309:Cortile della Pigna
177:St Peter's Basilica
127:Belvedere Courtyard
88: /
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1420:Saint John's Tower
1393:St. Peter's Square
1342:Collegio Teutonico
1325:Holy Spirit Chapel
1287:Bramante Staircase
1267:Gregoriano Etrusco
1109:Saint Peter's tomb
1104:Vatican Necropolis
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272:Subsequent history
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97:41.90417; 12.45472
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73:Coordinates:
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1949:Cricket team
1919:Coat of arms
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1826:Vatican News
1752:Demographics
1730:Architecture
1718:AT telescope
1435:Vatican Hill
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1282:Ethnographic
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1588:Swiss Guard
1563:Dicasteries
1541:Commissions
1531:Roman Curia
1262:Chiaramonti
1202:Scala Regia
1114:Papal tombs
1037:Borgo Nuovo
1010:Papal tombs
858:attribution
856:(c. 1490) (
827:(1504–1505)
806:(1504–1513)
95: /
33:City square
2013:Categories
1592:See also:
1523:Government
1495:Governance
1242:Historical
1212:altarpiece
1197:Sala Regia
947:Properties
610:References
598:2014-01-24
561:2014-01-24
494:2014-01-24
397:after the
286:Pope Leo X
261:Raphael's
83:12°27′17″E
80:41°54′15″N
1757:Languages
1675:Transport
1460:Elections
1403:Fountains
1247:Paintings
1057:Geography
845:Paintings
768:(c. 1502)
415:Hadrian's
357:parterres
345:Praeneste
337:nicchione
333:antiquity
1890:Religion
1876:Pope2you
1735:Archives
1680:Heliport
1575:Military
1553:Councils
1449:Politics
942:Holy See
921:articles
868:Frescoes
526:carousel
511:in 1589.
509:Sixtus V
428:See also
407:niccione
375:Sixtus V
191:). This
54:Location
1962:(Women)
1907:Symbols
1762:Library
1701:Culture
1659:Tourism
1620:Banking
1608:Economy
1505:Francis
1332:Gardens
1217:ceiling
980:History
958:Francis
937:Outline
656:3047705
625:2786997
530:Pius IV
383:Cortile
379:Cortile
321:Pius IV
241:Cortile
151:piazzas
137:at the
60:, Italy
1937:Sports
1914:Anthem
919:
654:
623:
552:
489:750353
487:
411:finial
325:exedra
263:Stanze
256:exedra
1956:(Men)
1801:Media
1774:Music
1480:Crime
1098:Pietà
932:Index
746:Milan
652:JSTOR
485:JSTOR
450:Notes
401:Pigna
391:idols
329:niche
303:Pigna
290:Hanno
198:When
187:(the
1924:Flag
1767:film
1685:Rail
1635:.va
1502:Pope
1292:Maps
954:Pope
835:Rome
825:Rome
786:Rome
776:Rome
766:Rome
621:OCLC
550:ISBN
319:for
143:Rome
117:The
58:Rome
1475:Law
686:doi
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477:doi
413:of
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129:or
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