Mask - Knowledge (XXG)

3012: 3090: 1858: 3035: 2996: 1353: 2980: 622: 500: 1986:(the neutral mask). For Lecoq, masks became an important training tool, the neutral mask being designed to facilitate a state of openness in the student-performers, moving gradually on to character and expressive masks, and finally to "the smallest mask in the world" the clown's red-nose. One highly important feature of Lecoq's use of mask, wasn't so much its visual impact on stage, but how it changed the performers movement on stage. It was a body-based approach to mask work, rather than a visually led one. Lecoq's pedagogy has been hugely influential for theatre practitioners in Europe working with mask and has been exported widely across the world. This work with masks also relates to 2930: 1527: 1218: 796: 610: 3078: 3102: 2190: 1472:– mime, mask, puppetry, farce, juggling – had a ritual context in that it was performed at religious or rites of passage such as days of naming, circumcisions, and marriages. Over time, some of these contextual ritual enactments became divorced from their religious meaning and they were performed throughout the year. Some 2500 years ago, kings and commoners alike were entertained by dance and mime accompanied by music where the dancers often wore masks, a vestige of an earlier era when such dances were enacted as religious rites. According to 2535: 827:. The masks are usually carved with an extraordinary skill and variety by artists who will usually have received their training as an apprentice to a master carver – frequently it is a tradition that has been passed down within a family through many generations. Such an artist holds a respected position in tribal society because of the work that he or she creates, embodying not only complex craft techniques but also spiritual/social and symbolic knowledge. African masks are also used in the Mas or Masquerade of the 940: 90: 2082: 307: 2300: 2098: 3114: 1489: 1436: 2948: 995: 841: 3058: 1104: 1717:

with elaborate masques and costumes, existed side by side with the ragged and essentially folkloric customs of the rural areas. Although these civic masquerades and their masks may have retained elements drawn from popular culture, the survival of carnival in the 19th century was often a consequence of a self-conscious 'folklore' movement that accompanied the rise of nationalism in many European countries. Nowadays, during

2285: 1453: 144: 2964: 1191: 6852: 192: 1497: 3011: 385: 49: 2644: 1410: 1029:. Their masks were often masterpieces of carving, sometimes with movable jaws, with the parts sometimes moved by pulling cords, or a mask within a mask to represent a magical transformation. The carving of masks was an important feature of woodcraft, along with many other features that often combined the utilitarian with the symbolic, such as 2995: 712:(the family shrine). Rites of passage, such as initiation of young members of the family or funerals, were carried out at the shrine under the watch of the ancestral masks. At funerals, professional actors would wear these masks to perform deeds of the lives of the ancestors, thus linking the role of mask as a ritual object and in theatre. 2732:(for example, a wrestler known as 'The Panda' might wear a mask with a panda's facial markings). Often, wrestlers will put their masks on the line against other wrestlers' masks, titles or an opponent's hair. While in Mexico and Japan, masks are a sign of tradition, they are looked down upon in the United States and Canada. 3089: 1240:

dance masks protected from bad spirits. Wedding masks were used to pray for good luck and a lasting marriage, and "Swallowing Animal" masks were associated with protecting the home and symbolised the "swallowing" of disaster. Opera masks were used in a basic "common" form of opera performed without a

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have highly arched eyebrows, almost almond-shaped eyes and a narrow chin. The raised strip running from both sides of the nose to the ears represent jewellery. Dark black hairstyle, tops the mask off. The whiteness of the face represents the whiteness and beauty of the spirit world. Only men wear the

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is a very ancient human practice across the world, although masks can also be worn for protection, in hunting, in sports, in feasts, or in wars – or simply used as ornamentation. Some ceremonial or decorative masks were not designed to be worn. Although the religious use of masks has waned, masks are

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Theatre in the Middle East, as elsewhere, was initially of a ritual nature, dramatising human relationships with nature, the deities, and other human beings. It grew out of sacred rites of myths and legends performed by priests and lay actors at fixed times and often in fixed locations. Folk theatre

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have complex religions that also have animal masks. Their three main cults use seventy-eight different types of masks. Most of the ceremonies of the Dogon culture are secret, although the antelope dance is shown to non-Dogons. The antelope masks are rough rectangular boxes with several horns coming

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During the Reformation, many of these carnival customs began to die out in Protestant regions, although they seem to have survived in Catholic areas despite the opposition of the ecclesiastical authorities. So by the 19th century, the carnivals of the relatively wealthy bourgeois town communities,

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is finding the precise derivation of human culture and early activities, the invention and use of the mask is only one area of unsolved inquiry. The use of masks dates back several millennia. It is conjectured that the first masks may have been used by primitive people to associate the wearer with

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is dominant and religious ceremonies are devoted to ancestors. Inevitably, many of the mask types relate to use in these ceremonies and are linked with the activities of secret societies. The mask is regarded as an instrument of revelation, giving form to the sacred. This is often accomplished by

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has suggested that ritual masks, as representations of the human face, are extremely revealing of the two fundamental aspects of the human psychological condition: firstly, the repression of a cooperative, instinctive self or soul; and secondly, the extremely angry state of the unjustly condemned

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cave (circa 15,000 years old). According to John W. Nunley, "The earliest evidence of masking comes from the Mousterian site of Hortus in the south of France. There the archaeologist Henry de Lumley found remnants of a leopard skin that was probably worn as a costume more than 40,000 years ago"

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Masks in various forms – sacred, practical, or playful – have played a crucial historical role in the development of understandings about "what it means to be human", because they permit the imaginative experience of "what it is like" to be transformed into a different identity (or to affirm an

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Ritual masks occur throughout the world, and although they tend to share many characteristics, highly distinctive forms have developed. The function of the masks may be magical or religious; they may appear in rites of passage or as a make-up for a form of theatre. Equally masks may disguise a

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Korean masks have a long tradition associated with shamanism and later in ritual dance. Korean masks were used in war, on both soldiers and their horses; ceremonially, for burial rites in jade and bronze and for shamanistic ceremonies to drive away evil spirits; to remember the faces of great

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As a culture of scattered islands and peninsulars, Melanesian mask forms have developed in a highly diversified fashion, with a great deal of variety in their construction and aesthetic. In Papua New Guinea, six-metre-high totem masks are placed to protect the living from spirits; whereas the

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Many of the masks and characters used in European festivals belong to the contrasting categories of the 'good', or 'idealised beauty', set against the 'ugly' or 'beastly' and grotesque. This is particularly true of the Germanic and Central European festivals. Another common type is the

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saying that he was ugly enough not to need a mask. The carnival was repressed during the Napoleonic Republic, although in the 1980s its costumes and the masks aping the 18th century heyday were revived. It appears other cities in central Europe were influenced by the Venetian model.

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use masks with small eyes and mouths to represent humility and humbleness. They represent wisdom by making bulging forehead. Other masks that have exaggerated long faces and broad foreheads symbolize the soberness of one's duty that comes with power. War masks are also popular. The

1777: 1072:(gods and spirits) frequently take the form of highly distinctive and elaborate masks that are used in ritual dances. These are usually made of leather with appendages of fur, feathers, or leaves. Some cover the face, some the whole head, and are often highly abstracted forms. 1609:, and other fanciful characters appear in carnivals throughout the continent. It is generally accepted that the masks, noise, colour, and clamour are meant to drive away the forces of darkness and winter, and open the way for the spirits of light and the coming of spring. In 1801:

Masks play a key part within world theatre traditions. They continue to be a vital force within contemporary theatre, and their usage takes a variety of forms and has often developed from, or continues to be part of old, highly sophisticated, stylized theatrical traditions.

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artwork is circa 30,000–40,000 years old. The use of masks is demonstrated graphically at some of these sites. Insofar as masks involved the use of war-paint, leather, vegetative material, or wooden material, such masks failed to be preserved, however, they are visible in

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are beginning to be more understood and appreciated. However, most African masks are now being produced for the tourist trade. Although they often show skilled craftsmanship, they nearly always lack the spiritual character of the traditional tribal masks.

472:(literally, "more than the face" or "added face"), which evolved to "máscara", while the Arabic "maskharat" – referring to the buffoonery which is possible only by disguising the face – would be based on these Spanish roots. Other related forms are 3034: 1292:, 'Visages of Glory', are intended to ward off evil and are associated with the animal world as well as the divine. During ceremonies, these visages are given active form in the great mask dramas of the South and South-eastern Asian region. 2019:, the founder of Bread and Puppet theatre, made particular use of German Carnival masks. Bread and Puppet inspired other practitioners around the world, many of whom used masks in their work. In the US and Canada, these companies include 2039:, Ontario. These companies, and others, have a strong social agenda, and combine masks, music and puppetry to create a visual theatrical form. Another route masks took into American Theatre was via dancer/choreographers such as 1363:

Japanese masks are part of a very old and highly sophisticated and stylized theatrical tradition. Although the roots are in prehistoric myths and cults, they have developed into refined art forms. The oldest masks are the

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There are a wide variety of masks used in Africa. In West Africa, masks are used in masquerades that form part of religious ceremonies enacted to communicate with spirits and ancestors. Examples are the masquerades of the

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as whole or a particular group within the community. Masks are used almost universally and maintain their power and mystery both for their wearers and their audience. The continued popularity of wearing masks at

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could be small 3-inch (7.6 cm) finger masks, but also 10-kilogram (22 lb) masks hung from the ceiling or carried by several people. Masks have been created with plastic surgery for mutilated soldiers.

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mask of a woman show how her expression appears to change with a tilting of the head of the performer - to demonstrate the effect, the mask was affixed to a wall with constant lighting and only the camera was

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in present-day Edo State of Nigeria. It is believed to have been commissioned by a king of Benin in memory of his mother. To honor his dead mother, the king wore the mask on his hip during special ceremonies.

1784: 1476:, this practice evoked that of Roman funeral rites where masked actor-dancers represented the deceased with motions and gestures mimicking those of the deceased while singing the praise of their lives (see 2979: 1857: 2929: 1306:

In Indonesia, the mask dance predates Hindu-Buddhist influences. It is believed that the use of masks is related to the cult of the ancestors, which considered dancers the interpreters of the gods.

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Copeau, in his attempts to "Naturalise" actors, decided to use masks to liberate them from their "excessive awkwardness". In turn, Copeau's work with masks was taken on by his students including

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are also often different, although their masks are often made out of driftwood, animal skins, bones, and feathers. In some areas Inuit women use finger masks during storytelling and dancing.

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festivals, the ordinary roles were often inverted. Sometimes a slave or a criminal was temporarily granted the insignia and status of royalty, only to be killed after the festival ended. The

1782: 1982:, a sculptor, and they collaborated on reviving the techniques of making traditional leather Commedia masks. Later, developing Copeau's "noble mask", Lecoq would ask Satori to make him 735:, and are often of an ancient origin. The mask is normally a part of a costume that adorns the whole body and embodies a tradition important to the religious and/or social life of the 1428:

historical figures in death masks; and in the arts, particularly in ritual dances, courtly, and theatrical plays. The present uses are as miniature masks for tourist souvenirs, or on

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Many African masks represent animals. Some African tribes believe that the animal masks can help them communicate with the spirits who live in forests or open savannas. People of

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cult, which involved the use of masks, the ordinary controls on behaviour were temporarily suspended, and people cavorted in merry revelry outside their ordinary rank or status.

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tournaments masks were sometimes used. From archaeological evidence it is clear that these were not only protective but also helped make the wearer appear more intimidating. In

3101: 4639:. Iconography of religions, section VIII, "Arctic Peoples", fascicle 2. Leiden, The Netherlands: Institute of Religious Iconography • State University Groningen. E.J. Brill. 1550:. Masks are used throughout Europe in modern times, and are frequently integrated into regional folk celebrations and customs. Old masks are preserved and can be seen in 769:

penitent or preside over important ceremonies; they may help mediate with spirits, or offer a protective role to the members of a society who use their powers. Biologist

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developed, despite efforts of the Church to stamp out the indigenous traditions. Masks remain an important feature of popular carnivals and religious dances, such as

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Roche-Cotard site in France, a flintstone likeness of a face was found that is approximately 35,000 years old, but it is not clear whether it was intended as a mask.

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and para-Arctic regions have tended towards simple religious practice but a highly evolved and rich mythology, especially concerning hunting. In some areas, annual

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took advantage of it. Influenced by modern dance, modern mime, Commedia dell'arte and Brecht such groups took to the streets to perform highly political theatre.

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mask evolved from the gigaku and bugaku and are acted entirely by men. The masks are worn throughout very long performances and are consequently very light. The

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masks and perform the dances with high stilts despite the fact that the masks represent women. One of the most beautiful representations of female beauty is the

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also popular in topeng masked dance. Indonesian topeng dance styles are widely distributed, such as topeng Bali, Cirebon, Betawi, Malang, Yogyakarta, and Solo.

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In China, masks are thought to have originated in ancient religious ceremonies. Images of people wearing masks have been found in rock paintings along the

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of the Ivory Coast and Liberia carve masks with round eyes to represent alertness and anger, with the straight nose to represent unwillingness to retreat.

3005:; These full-body masks are worn for the mourning, or ónyo ("weeping"), ceremony, a multi-day ritual held approximately a year after an individual's death 1781: 636:

Throughout the world, masks are used for their expressive power as a feature of masked performance – both ritually and in various theatre traditions. The

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Dall, William Healey (2010) , "On masks, labrets, and certain aboriginal customs, with an inquiry into the bearing of their geographical distribution",

1052:' masks, used in healing ceremonies and carved from living trees. These masks appear in a great variety of shapes, depending on their precise function. 1280:

The masks are usually highly exaggerated and formalised, and share an aesthetic with the carved images of monstrous heads that dominate the facades of

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Protective masks are pieces of kit or equipment worn on the head and face to afford protection to the wearer, and today usually have these functions:

1753: 1146:, and skull masks were not uncommon. Masks were also used as part of court entertainments, possibly combining political with religious significance. 3200:

Pernet emphasizes that masks are not a wholly universal cultural phenomenon, raising the question why some cultures do not have a masking tradition.

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and other criminal perpetrators may wear masks as a means in concealing their faces and thus identities from their victims and from law enforcement.

511: 3150: 4438: 372:, "mask" is the term for a face without a body that is not modelled in the round (which would make it a "head"), but for example appears in low 2543: 1582:, sometimes considered to be the synthesis of the two contrasting types, Handsome and Ugly. Masks also tend to be associated with New Year and 401: 3057: 1917:, and others in their lineage, attempted to move away from Naturalism. They turned to sources such as Oriental Theatre (particularly Japanese 1119:

Distinctive styles of masks began to emerge in pre-Hispanic America about 1200 BC, although there is evidence of far older mask forms. In the

4625: 4396: 3961: 3779: 2321:. As a disguise the mask acts as a form of protection for the wearer who wishes to assume a role or task without being identified by others. 2058:, who create a theatre in which masks are used along with puppets, film and other visual forms, with an emphasis on the narrative structure. 1123:, masks were used to dress the faces of the dead. These were originally made of fabric, but later burial masks were sometimes made of beaten 4729: 1558:, and as a result many of the associated customs are seasonal. The original significance would have survived only until the introduction of 166: 2155: 4029: 2678:

prisoners in Australian jails in the late 19th century. They were made of white cloth and covered the face, leaving only the eyes visible.

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Masks are also familiar as pieces of kit associated with practical functions, usually protective, including in sports and during plagues:

1935:(1910) proposed the virtues of using masks over the naturalism of the actor. Craig was highly influential, and his ideas were taken up by 577:

festivities probably originated in the late 15th century, although some Jewish authors claim it has always been part of Judaic tradition.

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and for entertainment. They are usually worn on the face, although they may also be positioned for effect elsewhere on the wearer's body.

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megaphone enabling the voice of the wearer to be projected into the large auditoria. In medieval Europe, masks were used in mystery and

1562:, which incorporated many of the customs into its own traditions. In that process their meanings were changed also so, for example, old 1010:

ceremonies involved masked dances and these strongly abstracted masks are arguably the most striking artifacts produced in this region.

837:(also known as Jolé or Yolé) is a mask-dance from Temine people in Sierra Leone. Males wear the mask, although it does depict a female. 4812: 4340: 3825: 3368: 3289: 3256: 2500: 891:

symbolises agriculture, they interpret elements the masks differently. To the Bamana people, swords represent the sprouting of grain.

683:, masks were or are typically worn by all the performers, with several different types of mask used for different types of character. 154: 4735: 2050:

In Europe, Schumann's influence combined with the early avant-garde artists to encourage groups such as Moving Picture Mime Show and

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and by the late 16th century the Venetian Carnival began to reach its peak and eventually lasted a whole 'season' from January until

4756: 4685: 4666: 4644: 4592: 4573: 4365: 4297: 4174: 4114: 4080: 3927: 3808: 3752: 3698: 3646: 3316: 2947: 2054:(both in the UK). These companies had a big influence on the next generation of groups working in visual theatre, including IOU and 293: 275: 125: 76: 4457: 3541: 2148:, a piece of medical equipment that protects the burn tissue from contact with other surfaces, and minimises the risk of infection. 1526: 1217: 534:

some kind of unimpeachable authority, such as a deity, or to otherwise lend credence to the person's claim on a given social role.

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In many cultural traditions, the masked performer is a central concept and is highly valued. In the western tradition, actors in

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and co-fraternities. These grew out of the earlier revels and had become evident by the 15th century in places such as Rome and

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Another tradition of European masks developed, more self-consciously, from court and civic events, or entertainments managed by

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continued wearing his mask after retirement, revealed his face briefly only in old age, and was buried wearing his silver mask.

6769: 4531: 795: 4680:. ISTOR Books 8. Budapest • Los Angeles: Akadémiai Kiadó • International Society for Trans-Oceanic Research. pp. 85–101. 4505: 2509:(gas or particulate mask), a mask worn on the face to protect the body from airborne pollutants and toxic materials, and fine 2419:

in a self-conscious effort to combine the hiding of personal identity with the promotion of a powerful and intimidating image.

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in southern France. Such masks survive in the alpine regions of Austria and Switzerland, and may be connected with hunting or

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Masks are use by penitents in ceremonies to disguise their identity in order to make the act of penitence more selfless. The

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In sport the protective mask will often have a secondary function to make the wearer appear more impressive as a competitor.

213: 1978:. Lecoq, having worked as movement director at Teatro Piccalo in Italy, was influenced by the Commedia tradition. Lecoq met 1849:

to create a theatre that is essentially visual, rather than verbal, and many of its practitioners have been visual artists.

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Masks of the World... The Universe of Masks in the Collections of the International Museum of Carnivals and the Binche Mask

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and other collections, and much research has been undertaken into the historical origins of masks. Most probably represent

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Decorative masks may be worn as part of a costume outside of ritual or ceremonial functions. This is often described as a

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Masked characters, usually divinities, are a central feature of Indian dramatic forms, many based on depicting the epics

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masks of New Guinea are used to enforce social codes by intimidation. They are conical masks, made from cane and leaves.

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characters – they are, however, reminders of the enduring power of pretense and play and the power and appeal of masks.

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Forbes, Jamie Ellin (Spring 2010). "The resurrection of the beauty of Spring: Jeanette Korab at Carnevale de Venezia".

1277:, and Lao – have developed the Indian forms, combined with local myths, and developed their own characteristic styles. 644:

definitions of mask use frequently overlap and merge but still provide a useful basis for categorisation. The image of

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Masques du Monde... L'univers du Masque Dans les Collections du Musée International du Carnaval et du Masque de Binche

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Kupferblum, Markus (2007). "Menschen, masken, Charaktere: the Arbeit mit Masken am Theater". In Kreissl, Eva (ed.).

2963: 1995: 887:) is believed to have taught man the secrets of agriculture. Although the Dogons and Bamana people both believe the 6823: 4661:. in collab. with Henri Beuchat; translated, with a foreword, by James J. Fox. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 2189: 1015: 256: 2655:

Masks are sometimes used to punish the wearer either by signalling their humiliation or causing direct suffering:

2635:. The mask is considered "sacred" to some degree, placing its role closer to the ritual and performance function. 2265:

to protect the face had to be opaque with small eyeslits, and were a sort of mask, as often in mediaeval suits of

1165:. Mexico, in particular, retains a great deal of creativity in the production of masks, encouraged by collectors. 1095:"-members on Mardi Gras Day; local laws against using a mask to conceal one's identity are suspended for the day. 460:). This in turn is of uncertain origin – perhaps from a Germanic source akin to English "mesh", but perhaps from 202: 6156: 2847: 2008: 1401:

is the theatre of modern Japan, rooted in the older forms, but in this form masks are replaced by painted faces.

698: 656: 573:, in which all are equal behind their masks, dates back to 1268 AD. The use of carnivalesque masks in the Jewish 228: 2534: 1173:, are very popular, and many of the wrestlers can be considered folk heroes. For instance, the popular wrestler 6818: 4676:

Oosten, Jarich G. (1997). "Cosmological Cycles and the Constituents of the Person". In S. A. Mousalimas (ed.).

4388: 3483:...in many parts of the world and throughout Jewish history it was the time for adults to engage in masquerade. 2055: 2012: 2007:

In America, mask-work was slower to arrive, but the Guerrilla Theatre movement, typified by groups such as the

824: 645: 3769: 2563:, an item of diving equipment that allows scuba divers, free-divers, and snorkelers to see clearly underwater. 1845:

included the ancestors of the modern clown. In contemporary western theatre, the mask is often used alongside

2896:" (short for facial mask) is a temporary mask, not solid, used in cosmetics or as therapy for skin treatment. 601:

existing social or spiritual identity). Not all cultures have known the use of masks, but most of them have.

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Lubin, David M. (Fall 2008). "Masks, Mutilation, and Modernity: Anna Coleman Ladd and the First World War".

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worn by high-altitude pilots, or used in medicine to deliver oxygen, anesthetic, or other gases to patients

306: 6828: 6161: 4805: 3829: 3284:. Weitra, Austria: Bibliothek der Provinz Verlag für Literatur, Kunst und Musikalien. pp. 165, 193n. 2829: 2623:

style of wrestling. In modern lucha libre, masks are colourfully designed to evoke the images of animals,

2194: 1084: 488: 1963:, and others who "attempted to restore a ritualistic if not actually religious significance to theatre". 748:

are good examples. Nowadays these are usually mass-produced plastic masks, often associated with popular

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styles. For example, attendants of a costume party will sometimes wear masks as part of their costumes.

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out of the top. The Dogons are expert agriculturists and the antelope symbolizes a hard-working farmer.

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Masken. Gesichter hinter dem Gesicht: Persönlichkeitsentfaltung und Therapie in der Arbeit mit Masken

3041: 2837: 2548: 790: 440: 4532:"Evaluating Anti-Facial Recognition Tools News Physical Sciences Division The University of Chicago" 2589:

helmets were made mandatory in 2010, and have a wire mask on the front to protect the player's face.

104: 6670: 5238: 5148: 4843: 3174: 2664: 2480: 2473: 1979: 1928: 1910: 393: 1994:. Students of Lecoq have continued using masks in their work after leaving the school, such as in 1696:

and aristocracy, also involved the guilds, including a guild of maskmakers. There is evidence of '

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Any full or partial face covering, whether ceremonial, protective, decorative, or used as disguise

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for divers and others; some let the wearer talk to others through a built-in communication device

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Poppi, Cesayo (1994). "The other within: masks and masquerades in Europe". In Mack, John (ed.).

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Blanc, Dominique; d'Hauterives, Arnaud; Geoffroy-Schneiter, Bérénice; Pannier, François (2009).

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masks represent gods, men, women, madmen and devils, and each category has many sub-divisions.

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represent tranquility by making masks with eyes half-shut and lines drawn near the mouth. The

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groups vary widely and share neither a common mythology nor language. Not surprisingly their

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An American football player wearing a mask that protects his face from another player's hand

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Protecting the face against flying objects or dangerous environments, while allowing vision.

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and goddesses originally associated with the celebrations were demonised and viewed as mere

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traditions merged with Christian rituals, and syncretic masquerades and ceremonies, such as

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Sivin, Carole (1986). "Maskmaking". Worcester, Massachusetts, USA: Davis Publications, Inc.

4587:. foreword by George Swinton. 46 Bloomsbury Street, London WCIB 3QQ: British Museum Press. 4313:

Rudlin, John (1999). "3: Jacques Copeau: the quest for sincerity". In Hodge, Alison (ed.).

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to protect the welder's face and eyes from the brightness and sparks created during welding

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countries throughout the world are examples of this, with their cone-shaped masks known as

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language. One German author claims the word "mask" is originally derived from the Spanish

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Wilsher, Toby, "The Mask Handbook – A Practical Guide", Routledge 2007, www.routledge.com

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Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch: Eine Darstellung galloromanischen sprachschatzes

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linking the mask to an ancestral presence, and thus bringing the past into the present.

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Masks. Faces Behind the Face: Personality Development and Therapy in Working with Masks

3306: 3135: 2819: 2809: 2721: 2616: 2602: 2449: 2432: 2284: 2112: 2090: 2028: 2016: 1914: 1834: 1821:

to portray allegorical creatures, and the performer representing God frequently wore a

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An interesting example of a sports mask that confounds the protective function is the

2292:

three-hole balaclava allows the wearer to protect the face against cold air or hinder

2174:, used to safely deliver rescue breaths during a cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest. 1589:

The debate about the meaning of these and other mask forms continues in Europe, where

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A variety of technologies attempt to fool facial recognition software by the use of

1452: 6796: 6616: 5937: 5823: 5818: 5692: 5630: 5557: 5380: 5203: 5173: 5116: 4882: 4654: 3688: 3068: 3018: 2756: 2752: 2714: 2580: 2522: 2416: 2390: 2370: 2116: 2044: 1879: 1729: 1693: 1559: 1473: 1429: 1311: 1242: 1195: 1108: 1103: 943: 933: 928: 924: 868: 860: 716: 676: 530: 503: 31: 4506:"Kanye West perfected the art of the face mask as a fashion accessory. Here's how" 2448:

community, its purpose is not to hinder recognition, although it falls under some

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stage or backdrops. These led to colourful facial patterns that we see in today's

1190: 249: 143: 3947: 2882:" is a mask that covers only the cheeks (hence the adjective "buccal") and mouth. 6717: 6678: 6412: 6407: 6372: 6292: 6198: 6073: 6053: 6048: 5986: 5976: 5971: 5959: 5942: 5922: 5917: 5677: 5625: 5615: 5574: 5486: 5415: 5368: 5218: 5213: 5111: 4999: 4994: 4919: 4773: 3714: 3615: 3566:

The Living Tradition of Yup'ik Masks: Agayuliyararput (Our Way of Making Prayer)

3385: 3344:, vol. 3, Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, pp. 73–151 3145: 2986: 2889:

is a mask either cast from or applied to the face of a recently deceased person.

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Masks are also used to prevent recognition while showing membership of a group:

2336: 2167: 2161: 2133: 2040: 2024: 1960: 1895: 1875: 1826: 1606: 1422: 1372:

developed from this – a complex dance-drama that used masks with moveable jaws.

1368:. The form no longer exists, and was probably a type of dance presentation. The 1336: 1254: 1225: 1166: 1063: 1041: 1026: 951: 920: 895: 864: 812: 554: 547: 543: 365: 338: 191: 2910:

mask is used for people to create a more animal-like image in fetish role play.

1688:, where they developed as entertainments to enliven towns and cities. Thus the 1496: 1058:

craftsmen produced impressive work for masked religious ritual, especially the

6661: 6636: 6631: 6566: 6556: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6392: 6339: 6245: 6171: 6068: 6031: 6013: 5813: 5762: 5640: 5635: 5599: 5491: 5476: 5335: 5325: 5303: 5278: 5121: 5079: 5029: 5024: 4909: 4746: 3140: 2886: 2789: 2785: 2744: 2710: 2632: 2576: 2506: 2347: 2210: 2032: 1971: 1952: 1944: 1725: 1221: 1080: 816: 724: 720: 703: 566: 522: 454: 384: 354: 330: 314: 4711:. Világjárók (in Hungarian). translated by Detre, Zsuzsa. Budapest: Gondolat. 2728:

and Japanese wrestling. A wrestler's mask is usually related to a wrestler's

2043:, who had been using masks in dance and had emigrated to America to flee the 6851: 6705: 6688: 6596: 6513: 6334: 6306: 6139: 6085: 6003: 5964: 5932: 5732: 5687: 5562: 5540: 5330: 5185: 5163: 5034: 5009: 4989: 4562: 2777: 2774: 2770: 2409: 2366: 2270: 2225: 2214: 2145: 2120: 1956: 1906: 1841:

conventions until the late eighteenth century. The masked characters of the

1813:

drama. In some Greek masks, the wide and open mouth of the mask contained a

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The oldest representations of masks in Europe are animal masks, such as the

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Masks may also indicate a culture's ideal of feminine beauty. The masks of

428:"mask, specter, nightmare". This word is of uncertain origin, perhaps from 17: 1397:

are short farces with their own masks, and accompany the tragic nō plays.

1079:

In modern immigrant Euro-American culture, masking is a common feature of

6641: 6586: 6561: 6518: 6503: 6432: 6382: 6377: 6354: 6329: 6319: 6314: 6282: 6265: 6166: 6117: 6080: 6008: 5998: 5907: 5899: 5846: 5788: 5757: 5737: 5645: 5471: 5454: 5429: 5390: 5385: 5308: 5258: 5253: 5195: 5084: 5074: 5014: 4966: 4941: 4892: 4887: 4864: 4821: 3409: 2954: 2747:, wear masks when they perform on stage. Several other groups, including 2699: 2554: 2441: 2402: 2394: 2355: 2229: 1991: 1899: 1846: 1741: 1737: 1670: 1662: 1654: 1650: 1634: 1618: 1610: 1598: 1590: 1583: 1543: 1515: 1461: 1440: 1330: 1285: 1274: 1262: 1258: 1211: 1174: 1045: 1007: 888: 834: 800: 741: 708: 581: 558: 350: 334: 4138:

COUNTRY TRAVEL – Practical seminar: "MASK TRADITIONS IN LATVIAN CULTURE"

4133:

LAUKU CEĻOTĀ – Praktiskais seminārs: "Masku tradīcijas latviešu kultūrā"

2659:

Particularly uncomfortable types, such as an iron mask, for example the

6808: 6774: 6747: 6591: 6576: 6571: 6541: 6490: 6480: 6475: 6422: 6367: 6344: 6183: 6129: 6124: 6036: 5993: 5793: 5444: 5350: 5178: 5138: 5131: 5019: 5004: 4924: 4750: 4032:. Professional Wrestling Online Museum. 5 February 1984. Archived from 2900: 2729: 2668: 2586: 2566: 2351: 2332: 2248: 2233: 2036: 1940: 1891: 1830: 1790: 1765: 1745: 1666: 1555: 1539: 1511: 1503: 1414: 1203: 1068: 978: 916: 884: 820: 757: 728: 688: 672: 641: 397: 4382: 6646: 6601: 6523: 6508: 6465: 6362: 6255: 6193: 6178: 6058: 5828: 5778: 5707: 5283: 5153: 5064: 5046: 4979: 4951: 4931: 4914: 4904: 4741: 4481:"damselfrau: a peek behind the many masks of the london-based artist" 3799:. London: Ferndale Editions. p. Introduction, after Himmelheber 2893: 2695: 2325: 2266: 2244: 2237: 1936: 1871: 1838: 1794: 1709: 1685: 1681: 1626: 1579: 1551: 1519: 1398: 1324: 1301: 1143: 1139: 1124: 1112: 1055: 1034: 1030: 1003: 637: 518: 373: 346: 2374: 2180:, an alternative to respirators and surgical masks during shortages. 1837:

developed – courtly masked entertainments that continued as part of

1328:

and demonstrated Hindu influences as it often feature epics such as

3908:

Lommel (1970), chapter: "Oceania: Melanesia, Polynesia, Australia".

2903:

cast of a face, used as a model for making a painting or sculpture.

2818:

to conceal the identities of the killer. Notable examples include

2551:, also known as a "ski mask", to protect the face against cold air. 1732:

discovered a 673 g gold mask in the burial mound "Svetitsata" near

1234:

dance masks were used in shamanic rituals to thank the gods, while

967:

are almost as highly developed as in Africa. It is a culture where

879:

Another culture that has a very rich agricultural tradition is the

648:

are widely used to represent the performing arts, and specifically

6651: 6581: 6277: 6250: 6188: 6112: 6041: 5981: 5808: 5712: 5659: 5508: 5248: 5223: 5106: 5096: 5041: 4872: 4221: 2642: 2624: 2592: 2533: 2445: 2378: 2340: 2298: 2283: 2262: 2188: 2096: 2080: 1856: 1814: 1775: 1757: 1658: 1594: 1567: 1525: 1495: 1487: 1451: 1434: 1408: 1357: 1351: 1281: 1266: 1216: 1189: 1120: 1102: 1092: 1011: 993: 938: 908: 899: 852: 839: 794: 778: 749: 668: 664: 649: 620: 608: 592:, masks functioned above all as mediators of supernatural forces. 574: 498: 383: 305: 2343:

in a mask to avoid being recognized by associates of the accused.

6621: 6498: 6470: 6440: 6260: 6134: 5880: 5513: 5345: 4956: 4208: 4005:"Masks from North America, from the Edward S. Curtis Collection" 3673: 3584: 3326: 3107:

Performers with masks. Mosaic. House of the Tragic Poet, Pompeii

2740: 2682: 2628: 2198: 2125: 1822: 1740:. It is a very fine piece of workmanship made out of massive 23 1705: 1319: 1315: 1132: 1128: 1059: 904: 872: 326: 4794: 4761: 4659:

Seasonal variations of the Eskimo: a study in social morphology

3990: 2773:, and other methods and themes are occasionally used to create 1040:

Woodland tribes, especially in the northeastern and around the

692:

meant 'a mask'; it also referred to an individual who had full

663:

drama of Japan (14th century to present), the traditional

5752: 4899: 4877: 3747:] (in French). Tournai, Belgium: La Renaissance du Livre. 2784:

One user of masks in fashion is musician and fashion designer

1918: 1862: 1810: 1563: 1380: 1261:. Countries that have had strong Indian cultural influences – 660: 185: 137: 110:

You can help by providing page numbers for existing citations.

83: 42: 3095:

From the picture album "Shunyū bijo no yukaeri" 19th Century

2735:

Several bands and performers, notably members of the groups

1724:

In the beginning of the new century, on 19 August 2004, the

1708:. By the 18th century, it was already a tourist attraction, 4790: 4360:. Macmillan Modern Dramatists. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 1902:, experimented with theatre forms and masks in their work. 1721:

masks are often replaced with face paint for more comfort.

1314:

have masked Hudoq dance that represents nature spirits. In

753: 546:

cave drawings, of which dozens have been preserved. At the

414:"covering to hide or guard the face", derived in turn from 3639:

Masks and Masking: Faces of Tradition and Belief Worldwide

2415:

The cone-shaped mask in particular is identified with the

2358:, to avoid recognition, and to try to protect against any 1874:

were often incorporated into the theatre work of European

1206:. Later mask forms brings together myths and symbols from 1025:

coastal cultural groups generally included highly skilled

3546:

Phillip Charette, Contemporary Art in the Yupik Tradition

1905:

In the 20th century, many theatre practitioners, such as

1387:

mask is the supreme achievement of Japanese mask-making.

998:

Kwakwaka'wakw ritual mask (painted wood, fiber, and cord)

696:. A citizen could demonstrate his or her lineage through 349:

and rites. Masks have been used since antiquity for both

4054:

Lommel (1970), chapter: "South America/Central America".

3771:

Freedom Expanded: Book 1 – The Human Condition Explained

2251:. Today this function is attributed to thin balaclavas. 2209:

Providing a supply of air or filtering the outside air (

1692:

carnival in St. Marks Square in Venice, attended by the

744:, and for children at parties and for festivals such as 4736:

The Mythic Mask: mask history and contemporary mask art

4246:

Through the Body: A Practical Guide to Physical Theatre

2763:

also wears masks but often remove them mid-performance.

2479:

Beaked masks containing herbs in the beak were worn in

2164:, to protect a medical professional from bodily fluids. 851:

ceremony, an inquisitorial search for sorcerers. Wood,

407:

The word "mask" appeared in English in the 1530s, from

162: 2705:

Several artists in the 20th and 21st century, such as

2136:, a piece of medical equipment that assists breathing. 1076:

masks appear to be inspired by the Pueblo prototypes.

3949:

The Living Tradition of Yup'ik Masks: Agayuliyararput

4702:. Frankfurt am Main: Frankurter Societăts-Druckerei. 3774:. WTM Publishing & Communications. p. 145. 3725:. Shimla, India: Indian Institute of Advanced Study. 3435:. Hillsdale, New York: Sophia Perennis. p. 141. 2599:

is used in this Japanese sword-fighting martial art.

2583:

goaltender to protect the head and face from injury.

1677:

and its hunter, and Giubiana herself, among others.

1169:

matches, where it is common for the participants to

1044:, cross-fertilized culturally with one another. The 6730: 6669: 6660: 6532: 6489: 6431: 6353: 6305: 6105: 6024: 5898: 5879: 5839: 5771: 5745: 5731: 5658: 5608: 5521: 5507: 5344: 5194: 5055: 4965: 4863: 3119:

Mask of Silen. Bronze. First half of 1st century BC

2309:wear Guy Fawkes masks while protesting against the 216:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4561: 4560:Burch, Ernest S. (junior); Forman, Werner (1988). 526:used sometimes in drama therapy or psychotherapy. 4742:The Noh Mask Effect: A Facial Expression Illusion 4144:(in Latvian), Latvian Country Tourism Association 3734: 3732: 3641:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. 2021:In the Heart of the Beast Puppet and Mask Theater 1925:, both of which forms feature masks prominently. 1878:artists from the turn of the nineteenth century. 4222:"Cornell University Library Digital Collections" 3739:Revelard, Michel; Kostadonova, Guergana (2000). 3363:] (in German). Oberhofen: Zytglogge-Verlag. 3311:. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. 2101:Vietnamese youth wear surgical masks during the 613:Theatrical masks of Tragedy and Comedy. Mosaic, 313:masks at the Narrensprung 2005 Carnival parade, 3497:Masques de l'Himalaya, du primitif au classique 2619:, a mask most widely used in the Mexican/Latin 1809:wore masks, as they do in traditional Japanese 715:Masks are a familiar and vivid element in many 439:"to ridicule". However, it may also come from 4009:American Ethnography (americanethnography.com) 3499:. Paris: Editions Raymond Chabaud. p. 44. 4806: 4062: 4060: 3177:, carbon-dated as 35,000 to 40,000 years old. 1087:. Costumes and masks (originally inspired by 706:of ancestors. These were wax casts kept in a 8: 4568:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 4479:Solbakken, Per Kristian (10 February 2019). 4464:. San Diego State University. Archived from 4189:Lommel (1970), chapter: "Europe/Conclusion". 4160: 4158: 3495:Pannier, François; Mangin, Stéphane (1989). 3083:Mask wearing customers in downtown Budapest. 2257:Before strong transparent materials such as 2236:wore similarly ferocious-looking protective 867:call to the spirit to stop destruction. The 584:tribes used masks for healing purposes (see 3469:. Vol. 49, no. 27. Archived from 3342:Bureau of American Ethnology, Annual Report 1744:gold. Unlike other masks discovered in the 1464:, Iran, first half of first Millennium BC, 77:Learn how and when to remove these messages 6666: 5895: 5891: 5742: 5518: 4813: 4799: 4791: 4757:Smithsonian Institution African Mask Links 4441:. Discovery Channel Canada. Archived from 4333:The Moving Body: Teaching Creative Theatre 4239: 4237: 4235: 3863:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2108:Some masks are used for medical purposes: 1752:and two in Greece), it is now kept in the 1432:, where they hang as good-luck talismans. 1002:North American indigenous cultures in the 655:In many dramatic traditions including the 3922:. Bulfinch Press/Little, Brown & Co. 3855:Bortolot, Alexander Ives (October 2003). 3719:Studies in Humanities and Social Services 3355:Klemm, Harald; Winkler, Reinhard (1996). 2483:by plague doctors to try to ward off the 774:conscious thinking egocentric intellect. 294:Learn how and when to remove this message 276:Learn how and when to remove this message 126:Learn how and when to remove this message 4713:Hungarian translation of Rasmussen 1926. 3717:(2004). "Ritual, masks, and sacrifice". 3308:Ritual Masks: Deceptions and Revelations 512:National Museum of Anthropology (Mexico) 392:', a 16th-century BC mask discovered by 30:For other uses, like protection against 3920:Where the Masks Still Dance: New Guinea 3857:"Idia: The First Queen Mother of Benin" 3213: 3162: 3151:Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic 2925: 1760:. It is considered to be the mask of a 963:The variety and beauty of the masks of 4774:Gallery of Masks from Around the World 4600: 3386:"Other Mousterian (Neanderthal) Sites" 3186:A famous example is the images of the 2663:, are fit as devices for humiliation, 483:مَسْخَرَ = "he ridiculed, he mocked", 446:"to black (the face)" (or the related 402:National Archaeological Museum, Athens 4583:Hessel, Ingo; Hessel, Dieter (1998). 3461:Danan, Julie Hilton (21 March 1997). 2868:- 2012 South Korean television series 1163:The Dance of the Moors and Christians 883:people of Mali. The antelope (called 628:mask dance at a funeral feast in the 7: 3918:Rainier, Chris; Taylor, Meg (1996). 3510:Bradley, Lisa; Chazot, Eric (1990). 2759:simulate the effect with facepaint. 1665:) preserves a tradition of masks of 435:مَسْخَرَۃٌ "buffoon", from the verb 214:adding citations to reliable sources 6814:Global trade of secondhand clothing 3828:. Department of Religious Studies, 3514:. New York: Pace Primitive Gallery. 3405:"Neanderthal 'face' found in Loire" 3251:. Basel: Zbinden Druck und Verlag. 2938:, Baleen Whale Mask, 19th century, 1988:performing with portable structures 646:juxtaposed comedy and tragedy masks 4261:The Theatre of Edward Gordon Craig 3956:. University of Washington Press. 3569:. University of Washington Press. 3403:Amos, Jonathan (2 December 2003). 2544:American football helmet face mask 2501:self-contained breathing apparatus 2317:Masks are sometimes used to avoid 2247:was worn by women to protect from 1322:, masked dance is commonly called 1224:Bronze Mask with Protruding Eyes, 1142:, human skulls were prized as war 325:is an object normally worn on the 25: 4456:Brandt, Stacy (12 October 2008). 3861:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History 3797:Masks: Their Meaning and Function 3606:(3/4). Archives of American Art, 3384:Hitchcock, Don (6 October 2019). 3051:. The Wellcome Collection, London 3001:Dance Mask (Takü), 20th century, 2444:usually shows membership of some 2232:Europe and in Japan soldiers and 58:This article has multiple issues. 6850: 4786:Costa Rica Traditional Face Mask 4635:Kleivan, Inge; B. Sonne (1985). 4414:"The 15 COOLEST Masks In Comics" 4095:Lommel (1970), chapter: "Japan". 4073:University of Pennsylvania Press 3600:Archives of American Art Journal 3415:British Broadcasting Corporation 3169:The oldest known example of the 3112: 3100: 3088: 3076: 3056: 3033: 3010: 2994: 2978: 2962: 2946: 2928: 2674:Masks were used to alienate and 2393:parades throughout Spain and in 2066:For other functional masks, see 1456:Golden masks excavated from the 1149:In post-colonial Latin America, 190: 142: 88: 47: 4412:Aitchison, Sean (12 May 2017). 3886:. Pagewise, Inc. Archived from 3540:Charette, Phillip John (n.d.). 3529:. Milan: 5 Continents Editions. 2681:Use of masks is also common in 2426:frequently wear masks (usually 201:needs additional citations for 66:or discuss these issues on the 4290:University of California Press 4107:The History of Theater in Iran 3467:Jewish News of Greater Phoenix 3247:von Wartburg, Walther (1992). 2493:, a piece of safety equipment. 2027:; Arm-of-the Sea Theatre from 1861:Three photographs of the same 1754:National Archaeological Museum 946:holding mask, Papua New Guinea 1: 4637:Eskimos: Greenland and Canada 4536:physicalsciences.uchicago.edu 4530:Bryson, Kevin (20 May 2023). 4228:. Cornell University Library. 3882:Kahler, Wendy (16 May 1986). 3045: 2915:anti-facial recognition masks 2814:Masks have been used in many 2788:. West has donned masks from 2115:, used for the prevention of 777:In parts of Australia, giant 4762:Virtual Museum of Death Mask 4730:Ritual, Masks, and Sacrifice 4620:. Hancock House Publishers. 4616:Huteson, Pamela Rae (2007). 4358:American Alternative Theatre 4284:Smith, Susan Harris (1984). 4167:Masks: the Art of Expression 4130:Roze, Inese (4 April 2013), 3563:Fienup-Riordan, Ann (1996). 2957:ceremonial mask made of wood 2436:) when they attend protests. 2035:; and Shadowland Theatre of 1570:, or were subjugated to the 464:"black", a borrowing from a 357:purposes, as well as in the 4738:(archived 11 November 2006) 4678:Arctic Ecology and Identity 4315:20th Century Actor Training 3616:10.1086/aaa.47.3_4.25435155 3226:Online Etymology Dictionary 2466:NIOSH air filtration rating 2454:French ban on face covering 2240:, extending to face-masks. 1719:carnival in the Netherlands 6892: 6824:List of individual dresses 4585:Inuit Art. An introduction 4458:"Who Was That Masked Man?" 4248:. London: Nick Hern Books. 4201:Festivals and Celebrations 2807: 2463: 2354:usually wear masks, often 2156:respiratory source control 2065: 1443:(Kaksi, Yangban and Sonpi) 1439:traditional Korean masks, 1420: 1299: 1249:India/Sri Lanka/Indo-China 1091:) are frequently worn by " 788: 686:In Ancient Rome, the word 487:مَسَخَ = "he transfomed" ( 29: 6847: 5894: 4828: 3966:– via Google books. 3795:Lommel, Andreas (1981) . 3768:Griffith, Jeremy (2013). 3433:Symbols of Sacred Science 2985:Fools Meeting or Parade, 2698:, and relates closely to 2243:In the 16th century, the 2009:San Francisco Mime Troupe 1825:or gilt mask. During the 1613:existed the tradition of 1083:traditions, most notably 1048:made spectacular wooden ' 657:theatre of ancient Greece 565:claims that in the Roman 529:One of the challenges in 345:, and often employed for 4747:Mask Makers of Mas, Bali 4707:Rasmussen, Knud (1965). 4607:: CS1 maint: location ( 4356:Shank, Theodore (1982). 4263:. London: Eyre Methuen. 4244:Callery, Dympha (2001). 3884:"African mask symbolism" 3463:"Purim wears many masks" 2724:are used most widely in 2513:or infectious particles. 2056:Horse and Bamboo Theatre 2013:Bread and Puppet Theatre 1615:Mamuthones e Issohadores 1530:A Venetian carnival mask 1413:A Korean mask worn by a 1288:temples. These faces or 950:Today, the qualities of 825:Northern Edo Masquerades 4732:(archived 26 July 2014) 4199:Auguet, Roland (1975), 4030:"Spotlight on El Santo" 3662:Gregor, Joseph (2002). 3608:Smithsonian Institution 2276:meant "mask or visor". 1890:, other artists of the 1748:(of which three are in 1510:, Buduļi or Būduļi) of 1466:National Museum of Iran 97:This article cites its 6829:Reconstructed clothing 4389:Horse + Bamboo Theatre 4259:Bablet, Denis (1981). 4105:Floor, Willem (2005). 3977:Feder, Norman (1973). 3830:University of Virginia 3826:"Faces of the Spirits" 3687:Herold, Erich (1992). 3668:. Dover Publications. 3527:Masks of the Himalayas 3512:Masks of the Himalayas 3305:Pernet, Henry (1992). 3191:(Nunley, 1999, p. 22). 2796:, most notably on his 2739:, Mental Creepers and 2652: 2539: 2377:for protection and to 2314: 2296: 2202: 2105: 2094: 1867: 1798: 1531: 1523: 1493: 1468: 1444: 1418: 1360: 1340:. The native story of 1228: 1199: 1131:, and occasionally of 1116: 999: 947: 856: 803: 781:masks cover the body. 633: 618: 514: 404: 318: 4779:18 April 2014 at the 4286:Masks in Modern Drama 3228:. Douglas Harper. n.d 2646: 2537: 2497:Full-face diving mask 2422:Members of the group 2311:Church of Scientology 2302: 2287: 2192: 2128:, European equivalent 2100: 2084: 2068:Mask (disambiguation) 2031:; Snake Theater from 1860: 1807:Ancient Greek theatre 1788: 1750:Republic of Macedonia 1653:. The celebration of 1529: 1499: 1491: 1455: 1438: 1412: 1355: 1220: 1193: 1106: 1037:, poles, and houses. 997: 942: 863:known as the Bwa and 843: 798: 624: 612: 508:K'inich Janaab' Pakal 502: 387: 309: 36:Mask (disambiguation) 6770:Environmental impact 4767:8 March 2018 at the 4618:Transformation Masks 4468:on 12 February 2009. 4067:Emigh, John (1996). 3637:Edson, Gary (2005). 3552:on 26 December 2010. 3542:"About Yup'ik Masks" 3042:Ludwig van Beethoven 3017:Taiwanese President 2743:, and the guitarist 2575:, a mask worn by an 2373:often wear masks or 2269:, and (for example) 2195:reusable filter mask 1853:Contemporary theatre 1789:Masked dancers at a 1478:Masks in Performance 819:cultures, including 791:African tribal masks 605:Masks in performance 517:The use of masks in 210:improve this article 157:for the books listed 6857:Clothing portal 4445:on 16 October 2006. 4381:Frith, Bob (2008). 4226:Digital Collections 3979:American Indian Art 3944:Fienup-Riordan, Ann 3801:Afrikanische Masken 3282:Die Macht der Maske 3175:Venus of Hohle Fels 2899:A "life mask" is a 2804:In works of fiction 2665:corporal punishment 2481:early modern Europe 2474:breathing apparatus 2360:riot control agents 1929:Edward Gordon Craig 1911:Edward Gordon Craig 1894:School, as well as 821:Egungun Masquerades 617:, second century AD 580:The North American 537:The earliest known 394:Heinrich Schliemann 4169:. British Museum. 4069:Masked Performance 3890:on 5 February 2004 3690:The World of Masks 3665:Masks of the World 2713:, create masks as 2653: 2609:Visor (ice hockey) 2540: 2511:particulate matter 2430:, best known from 2408:Masks are used by 2346:Participants in a 2315: 2297: 2203: 2106: 2095: 1923:commedia dell'arte 1868: 1843:Commedia dell'arte 1799: 1698:commedia dell'arte 1532: 1524: 1494: 1469: 1445: 1419: 1361: 1229: 1200: 1117: 1000: 948: 857: 829:Caribbean Carnival 804: 675:in Korea, and the 634: 619: 586:False Face Society 571:Carnival of Venice 515: 405: 319: 6863: 6862: 6834:Right to clothing 6758:Halloween costume 6726: 6725: 6701:black lounge suit 6301: 6300: 6101: 6100: 5875: 5874: 5654: 5653: 4627:978-0-88839-635-8 4398:978-0-9558841-0-8 3963:978-0-295-97501-6 3836:on 29 August 2012 3824:Ray, Benjamin C. 3781:978-1-74129-011-0 3448:Fine Art Magazine 3027:COVID-19 pandemic 2103:COVID-19 pandemic 1786: 1764:king, presumably 1308:Native Indonesian 1115:-Aztec provenance 1023:Pacific Northwest 694:Roman citizenship 630:Dutch East Indies 479:= "mask"; Arabic 466:pre-Indo-European 390:Mask of Agamemnon 304: 303: 296: 286: 285: 278: 260: 184: 183: 136: 135: 128: 103:does not provide 81: 34:and viruses, see 16:(Redirected from 6883: 6855: 6854: 6839:Vintage clothing 6667: 6612:Pocket protector 5896: 5892: 5852:Bodysuit, infant 5743: 5524:formal, informal 5519: 5359:Ceremonial dress 4815: 4808: 4801: 4792: 4712: 4703: 4691: 4672: 4650: 4631: 4612: 4606: 4598: 4579: 4567: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4527: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4453: 4447: 4446: 4435: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4409: 4403: 4402: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4325: 4319: 4318: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4256: 4250: 4249: 4241: 4230: 4229: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4196: 4190: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4162: 4153: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4143: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4102: 4096: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4064: 4055: 4052: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4036:on 21 April 2014 4026: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4001: 3995: 3994: 3981:. New York, NY: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3954:Anchorage Museum 3940: 3934: 3933: 3915: 3909: 3906: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3832:. Archived from 3821: 3815: 3814: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3736: 3727: 3726: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3684: 3678: 3677: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3548:. Archived from 3537: 3531: 3530: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3480: 3478: 3458: 3452: 3451: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3381: 3375: 3374: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3337: 3331: 3330: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3218: 3201: 3198: 3192: 3184: 3178: 3167: 3116: 3104: 3092: 3080: 3060: 3050: 3047: 3037: 3014: 2998: 2982: 2966: 2950: 2932: 2761:Hollywood Undead 2595:, a mask called 2428:Guy Fawkes masks 2062:Functional masks 1787: 1772:Masks in theatre 1089:masquerade balls 969:ancestor worship 719:and traditional 659:, the classical 329:, typically for 299: 292: 281: 274: 270: 267: 261: 259: 218: 194: 186: 179: 176: 170: 146: 138: 131: 124: 120: 117: 111: 92: 91: 84: 73: 51: 50: 43: 21: 6891: 6890: 6886: 6885: 6884: 6882: 6881: 6880: 6866: 6865: 6864: 6859: 6849: 6843: 6785:made-to-measure 6738:Clothing fetish 6722: 6656: 6528: 6485: 6427: 6403:Square leg suit 6349: 6325:Blanket sleeper 6297: 6288:Sleeved blanket 6097: 6020: 5885: 5883: 5871: 5847:Bodysuit, adult 5835: 5767: 5735: 5727: 5650: 5604: 5523: 5511: 5503: 5349: 5340: 5190: 5051: 4985:Clerical collar 4961: 4859: 4858: 4824: 4819: 4781:Wayback Machine 4769:Wayback Machine 4726: 4706: 4696:Rasmussen, Knud 4694: 4688: 4675: 4669: 4653: 4647: 4634: 4628: 4615: 4599: 4595: 4582: 4576: 4559: 4556: 4554:Further reading 4551: 4550: 4540: 4538: 4529: 4528: 4524: 4514: 4512: 4504: 4503: 4499: 4489: 4487: 4478: 4477: 4473: 4462:The Daily Aztec 4455: 4454: 4450: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4422: 4420: 4411: 4410: 4406: 4399: 4380: 4379: 4375: 4368: 4355: 4354: 4350: 4343: 4327: 4326: 4322: 4312: 4311: 4307: 4300: 4283: 4282: 4278: 4271: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4243: 4242: 4233: 4220: 4219: 4215: 4198: 4197: 4193: 4188: 4184: 4177: 4164: 4163: 4156: 4147: 4145: 4141: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4117: 4104: 4103: 4099: 4094: 4090: 4083: 4066: 4065: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4039: 4037: 4028: 4027: 4023: 4013: 4011: 4003: 4002: 3998: 3983:Harry N. Abrams 3976: 3975: 3971: 3964: 3942: 3941: 3937: 3930: 3917: 3916: 3912: 3907: 3903: 3893: 3891: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3866: 3864: 3854: 3853: 3849: 3839: 3837: 3823: 3822: 3818: 3811: 3794: 3793: 3789: 3782: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3755: 3738: 3737: 3730: 3713: 3712: 3708: 3701: 3686: 3685: 3681: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3649: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3577: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3539: 3538: 3534: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3476: 3474: 3473:on 10 June 2012 3460: 3459: 3455: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3371: 3354: 3353: 3349: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3319: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3292: 3279: 3278: 3274: 3259: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3231: 3229: 3220: 3219: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3204: 3199: 3195: 3185: 3181: 3171:Venus figurines 3168: 3164: 3159: 3127: 3120: 3117: 3108: 3105: 3096: 3093: 3084: 3081: 3072: 3065:Abraham Lincoln 3061: 3052: 3048: 3038: 3029: 3015: 3006: 3003:Brooklyn Museum 2999: 2990: 2983: 2974: 2971:Balinese topeng 2967: 2958: 2951: 2942: 2940:Brooklyn Museum 2933: 2924: 2908:animal roleplay 2875: 2862: 2825:Friday the 13th 2812: 2806: 2794:Maison Margiela 2767:Leather-working 2722:Wrestling masks 2707:Isamaya Ffrench 2692: 2641: 2573:Goaltender mask 2557:catcher's mask. 2532: 2476: 2462: 2331:Occasionally a 2282: 2261:were invented, 2187: 2178:Cloth face mask 2140:Anesthetic mask 2079: 2071: 2064: 2001:Trestle Theatre 1970:and later, via 1968:Etienne Decroux 1951:– and later by 1933:A Note on Masks 1931:(1872–1966) in 1888:Oskar Schlemmer 1855: 1776: 1774: 1690:Maundy Thursday 1623:Boes e Merdules 1486: 1458:Kalmakareh Cave 1450: 1425: 1407: 1350: 1310:tribes such as 1304: 1298: 1251: 1188: 1183: 1159:Day of the Dead 1101: 1016:mask traditions 992: 961: 793: 787: 771:Jeremy Griffith 766: 756:programmes, or 607: 539:anthropomorphic 497: 470:más que la cara 388:The so-called ' 382: 359:performing arts 300: 289: 288: 287: 282: 271: 265: 262: 219: 217: 207: 195: 180: 174: 171: 160: 147: 132: 121: 115: 112: 109: 105:page references 93: 89: 52: 48: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6889: 6887: 6879: 6878: 6868: 6867: 6861: 6860: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6805: 6804: 6794: 6793: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6772: 6767: 6765:Cross-dressing 6762: 6761: 6760: 6755: 6745: 6740: 6734: 6732: 6728: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6709: 6708: 6703: 6693: 6692: 6691: 6686: 6675: 6673: 6664: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6538: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6495: 6493: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6437: 6435: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6359: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6311: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6274: 6273: 6268: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6237: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6175: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6149: 6148: 6147: 6142: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6121: 6120: 6109: 6107: 6103: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6094: 6093: 6088: 6078: 6077: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6051: 6046: 6045: 6044: 6039: 6028: 6026: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6018: 6017: 6016: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5990: 5989: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5968: 5967: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5946: 5945: 5940: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5904: 5902: 5889: 5877: 5876: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5857:Long underwear 5854: 5849: 5843: 5841: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5833: 5832: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5784:Training pants 5781: 5775: 5773: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5749: 5747: 5740: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5664: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5612: 5610: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5602: 5597: 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Routeledge. 4329:Lecoq, Jacques 4320: 4305: 4298: 4276: 4269: 4251: 4231: 4213: 4191: 4182: 4175: 4154: 4122: 4115: 4097: 4088: 4081: 4056: 4047: 4021: 3996: 3969: 3962: 3935: 3928: 3910: 3901: 3874: 3847: 3816: 3809: 3787: 3780: 3760: 3753: 3728: 3706: 3699: 3679: 3654: 3647: 3629: 3590: 3575: 3555: 3532: 3517: 3502: 3487: 3453: 3438: 3420: 3395: 3376: 3370:978-3729605121 3369: 3347: 3332: 3317: 3297: 3291:978-3852528205 3290: 3272: 3258:978-2745309372 3257: 3239: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3202: 3193: 3179: 3161: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3136:Character mask 3133: 3126: 3123: 3122: 3121: 3118: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3075: 3073: 3062: 3055: 3053: 3039: 3032: 3030: 3016: 3009: 3007: 3000: 2993: 2991: 2984: 2977: 2975: 2968: 2961: 2959: 2952: 2945: 2943: 2934: 2927: 2923: 2920: 2919: 2918: 2911: 2904: 2897: 2890: 2883: 2874: 2871: 2870: 2869: 2861: 2858: 2820:Jason Voorhees 2810:Masked villain 2808:Main article: 2805: 2802: 2782: 2781: 2764: 2733: 2691: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2679: 2672: 2661:Scold's bridle 2640: 2637: 2617:wrestling mask 2613: 2612: 2606: 2603:Paintball mask 2600: 2590: 2584: 2570: 2564: 2558: 2552: 2546: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2504: 2494: 2488: 2461: 2458: 2450:anti-mask laws 2438: 2437: 2433:V for Vendetta 2420: 2413: 2406: 2383: 2382: 2363: 2344: 2329: 2313:, 2008, London 2281: 2278: 2222: 2221: 2218: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2181: 2175: 2165: 2159: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2113:N95 respirator 2085:A person dons 2078: 2075: 2063: 2060: 2029:New York State 2017:Peter Schumann 1984:masques neutre 1949:Eugene O'Neill 1915:Jacques Copeau 1854: 1851: 1835:ballet de cour 1773: 1770: 1728:archaeologist 1702:Venetian masks 1647:Sos Mamutzones 1556:nature spirits 1536:cave paintings 1485: 1482: 1449: 1446: 1406: 1403: 1349: 1346: 1300:Main article: 1297: 1294: 1250: 1247: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1111:, c. 1500, of 1107:Aztec mask of 1100: 1097: 1085:in New Orleans 991: 988: 960: 957: 919:people of the 855:, 19th century 786: 783: 765: 762: 606: 603: 496: 493: 423:Medieval Latin 381: 378: 311:Papierkrattler 302: 301: 284: 283: 198: 196: 189: 182: 181: 150: 148: 141: 134: 133: 96: 94: 87: 82: 56: 55: 53: 46: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6888: 6877: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6858: 6853: 6846: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6803: 6800: 6799: 6798: 6795: 6791: 6790:ready-to-wear 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6780:haute couture 6778: 6777: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6753:creature suit 6751: 6750: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6743:Clothing swap 6741: 6739: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6729: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6698: 6697: 6694: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6684:morning dress 6682: 6681: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6659: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 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Routeledge. 4316: 4309: 4306: 4301: 4299:0-520-05095-9 4295: 4291: 4287: 4280: 4277: 4272: 4266: 4262: 4255: 4252: 4247: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4223: 4217: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4195: 4192: 4186: 4183: 4178: 4176:0-7141-2507-5 4172: 4168: 4161: 4159: 4155: 4139: 4135: 4134: 4126: 4123: 4118: 4116:0-934211-29-9 4112: 4108: 4101: 4098: 4092: 4089: 4084: 4082:0-8122-1336-X 4078: 4074: 4070: 4063: 4061: 4057: 4051: 4048: 4035: 4031: 4025: 4022: 4010: 4006: 4000: 3997: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3973: 3970: 3965: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3950: 3945: 3939: 3936: 3931: 3929:0-8212-2261-9 3925: 3921: 3914: 3911: 3905: 3902: 3889: 3885: 3878: 3875: 3862: 3858: 3851: 3848: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3820: 3817: 3812: 3810:0-905746-11-2 3806: 3802: 3798: 3791: 3788: 3783: 3777: 3773: 3772: 3764: 3761: 3756: 3754:2-8046-0413-6 3750: 3746: 3742: 3735: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3710: 3707: 3702: 3700:9780600574422 3696: 3692: 3691: 3683: 3680: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3666: 3658: 3655: 3650: 3648:9780786421183 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2936:Kwakwaka'wakw 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2902: 2898: 2895: 2891: 2888: 2884: 2881: 2877: 2876: 2872: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2854: 2849: 2848:Michael Myers 2845: 2844: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2830:Jigsaw Killer 2827: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2811: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2779: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2689: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2657: 2656: 2650: 2649:Mask of Shame 2645: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2536: 2529: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2471: 2470:FFP standards 2467: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2435: 2434: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2418: 2414: 2411: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 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Retrieved 3225: 3216: 3196: 3188:Trois-Frères 3182: 3165: 3069:Leonard Volk 3019:Tsai Ing-wen 2851: 2846:series, and 2841: 2823: 2816:horror films 2813: 2783: 2757:Dimmu Borgir 2753:Alice Cooper 2715:wearable art 2704: 2693: 2675: 2654: 2647:A medieval " 2631:, and other 2614: 2596: 2581:field hockey 2523:Welding mask 2460:Occupational 2452:such as the 2439: 2431: 2417:Ku Klux Klan 2391:Semana Santa 2384: 2365:In fiction, 2316: 2304: 2273: 2256: 2253: 2242: 2226:gladiatorial 2223: 2204: 2171: 2117:tuberculosis 2107: 2091:surgical N95 2072: 2049: 2006: 1999: 1983: 1965: 1932: 1927: 1904: 1880:Alfred Jarry 1869: 1804: 1800: 1730:Georgi Kitov 1723: 1715: 1679: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1630: 1622: 1614: 1607:hobby horses 1588: 1576: 1560:Christianity 1533: 1477: 1474:George Goyan 1470: 1426: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1376: 1374: 1369: 1365: 1362: 1335: 1329: 1323: 1305: 1289: 1279: 1252: 1243:Peking opera 1236: 1231: 1230: 1201: 1196:Peking opera 1148: 1137: 1118: 1109:Xiuhtecuhtli 1078: 1067: 1054: 1039: 1020: 1001: 983: 977: 974: 962: 949: 944:Asaro mudman 929:Sierra Leone 914: 893: 878: 861:Burkina Faso 858: 848: 833: 805: 776: 767: 764:Ritual masks 714: 707: 697: 687: 685: 677:topeng dance 654: 635: 615:Roman mosaic 599: 594:Yup'ik masks 579: 552: 536: 531:anthropology 528: 516: 504:Funeral mask 484: 480: 476: 469: 461: 457: 450: 443: 436: 432: 425: 418: 411: 406: 363: 322: 320: 310: 290: 272: 266:January 2021 263: 253: 246: 239: 232: 220: 208:Please help 203:verification 200: 175:January 2021 172: 167:citation bot 161:Please help 152: 122: 116:January 2021 113: 102: 74: 67: 61: 60:Please help 57: 40: 32:tuberculosis 6696:Semi-formal 6662:Dress codes 6552:Boutonnière 6534:Accessories 6413:Swim diaper 6408:Swim briefs 6373:Boardshorts 6293:Windbreaker 6054:Suit jacket 6049:Mess jacket 5943:Guards Coat 5862:See-through 5626:Romper suit 5000:Neck gaiter 4995:Neckerchief 4849:Terminology 4564:The Eskimos 4515:1 September 4203:, Collins, 4148:26 February 4007:. Gallery. 3222:"mask (n.)" 3146:Domino mask 3049: 1812 3025:during the 2973:dance masks 2880:buccal mask 2873:Other types 2866:Bridal Mask 2798:Yeezus Tour 2621:lucha libre 2561:Diving mask 2517:Oxygen mask 2499:as part of 2491:Filter mask 2485:Black Death 2381:themselves. 2367:superheroes 2339:appears in 2337:prosecution 2319:recognition 2303:Members of 2294:recognition 2211:respirators 2193:Protective 2168:Pocket mask 2162:Face shield 2134:Oxygen mask 2045:Nazi regime 2041:Mary Wigman 2025:Minneapolis 1996:John Wright 1896:surrealists 1876:avant-garde 1827:Renaissance 1700:'-inspired 1643:Su 'Omadore 1586:festivals. 1518:regions in 1448:Middle East 1423:Korean mask 1337:Mahabharata 1290:Kirtimukhas 1255:Mahabharata 1042:Great Lakes 1027:woodworkers 1021:Indigenous 952:African art 921:Ivory Coast 907:'s Mask of 704:death masks 563:René Guénon 555:bacchanalia 548:neanderthal 544:paleolithic 396:in 1876 at 366:art history 339:performance 165:or run the 18:Cowl (mask) 6637:Suspenders 6632:Sunglasses 6567:Cummerbund 6557:Coin purse 6461:Flip-flops 6456:Dress shoe 6451:Dress boot 6446:Court shoe 6393:Rash guard 6340:Nightshirt 6214:Harrington 6172:pellegrina 6032:Frock coat 6025:Suit coats 6014:Mackintosh 5955:Over-frock 5814:Underpants 5763:Undershirt 5636:Shirtdress 5477:boilersuit 5374:diplomatic 5336:Yoga pants 5326:Sweatpants 5239:High water 5234:Go-to-hell 5127:sleeveless 5080:halterneck 5070:cache-cœur 4990:Lavallière 4844:Technology 4749:(video on 4700:Thulefahrt 4541:27 January 4485:designboom 3693:. Hamlyn. 3576:0295975237 3477:26 October 3390:Don's Maps 3232:16 January 3208:References 3141:Pareidolia 3021:wearing a 2887:death mask 2790:Balenciaga 2786:Kanye West 2745:Buckethead 2711:Damselfrau 2685:practices. 2633:archetypes 2627:, ancient 2507:Respirator 2464:See also: 2440:While the 2348:black bloc 2215:dust masks 2185:Protective 2119:and other 2033:California 1972:Jean Daste 1870:Masks and 1793:festival, 1736:, Central 1603:harlequins 1492:Greek mask 1421:See also: 1222:Sanxingdui 1171:wear masks 1081:Mardi Gras 1050:false face 789:See also: 754:television 725:ceremonies 642:theatrical 588:). 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