158:
20:
340:
244:
In the early 1960s it was clear enough for US planners a plane would be needed for guerrilla wars in Asia or Africa. As a consequence the U.S. Army tested an armed version of the T-37 Tweet, the A4D-2N Skyhawk and Fiat G.91. The tests were good but the Army was prohibited from operating fixed-wing
208:
The
British Empire faced guerrillas in Africa, Malaya and the Middle East. Royal Air Force had a wide range of capable aircraft available to be used, making the development of new COIN aircraft types unnecessary. Interest in the export market did result in a few COIN aircraft like the
583:
437:
were also designed by the United States during the
Vietnam War. These aircraft were meant to be cheap and easy to fly and maintain, and were to be given to friendly governments in Southeast Asia to assist with counter-insurgency operations, eventually seeing service with the
189:, aircraft stripped away many of the advantages that traditional insurgents had held. It also offered a way of inflicting direct and cost-effective retaliation on the communities that supported the guerrilla. Britain was the first to use
257:. Eventually, as the US budget allowed it, dedicated specialized counter-insurgency aircraft began to be produced for Vietnam war. Other countries adapted existing training planes to COIN and light attack. Examples including:
240:
ground support and counter-insurgency aircraft. It proved its worth in a combat evaluation in
Algerian War and Potez received orders for 100 from the French Army, but the Potez 75 didn't survive budget cuts.
584:"OVIM AVIONOM SU CRVENE BERETKE NASERU ORIĆU UTERIVALE STRAH U SREBRENICI: Legendarni avion Soko J-20 Kraguj napravljen je 60-tih za gerilsku borbu, ALI SE U BOSNI I NA KOSOVU POKAZAO KAO PAKLENA MAŠINA!"
748:
390:
that became a notable gunship in US military aviation. These heavily armed aircraft used a variety of weapon systems, including 7.62 mm GAU-2/A Miniguns, 20 mm (0.787 in)
741:
359:
runs. Such aircraft have their armament on one side harmonized to fire at the apex of an imaginary cone formed by the aircraft and the ground when performing a
355:-mounted heavy armaments (i.e. firing to the side) to attack ground or sea targets. These gunships were configured to circle the target instead of performing
200:
No special plane was developed. Regular military aircraft were used. It was not unusual for many air forces to field dual role planes: bomber and transport.
734:
344:
249:, counter-insurgency missions were flown by existing aeroplanes and helicopters, sometimes hastily adapted for the role, notable examples being the
133:
For an aircraft—whether fixed-wing or rotary—to effectively carry out all these roles, it should have specification characteristics such as low
182:. The benefits offered by even a single aircraft in tasks such as reconnaissance or strafing small groups of individuals proved immeasurable.
656:
197:
missions was policing
British Empire by air. This solution was cheaper and quicker than using British Army troops to deal with trouble spots.
1059:
317:
233:
829:
503:
474:
531:
631:
705:
410:
778:
527:
447:
521:"The Indirect Approach: The Role of Aviation Foreign Internal Defense in Combating Terrorism in Weak and Failing States"
287:
1029:
899:
111:
1054:
430:
292:
250:
24:
949:
944:
439:
685:
990:
917:
798:
379:
157:
138:
19:
889:
282:
59:
1002:
980:
907:
877:
375:
322:
267:
254:
107:
47:
922:
443:
418:
277:
134:
793:
307:
302:
272:
94:
403:
399:
74:
66:
43:
660:
339:
927:
894:
783:
758:
499:
464:
63:
55:
51:
1024:
1019:
1014:
995:
985:
912:
882:
872:
806:
425:, and the AC-130 Spectre/Spooky, were vulnerable, and meant to operate only after achieving
422:
351:
A new approach of COIN were the gunships created by the US. A gunship is an aircraft having
327:
262:
225:
119:
726:
332:
185:
As the
British found in Iraq in the 1920s and from some encounters within the frontiers of
170:
The first use of counter-insurgency aircraft was in the 1920s and 1930s during some of the
835:
788:
426:
387:
194:
78:
39:
520:
964:
959:
932:
557:
434:
312:
297:
236:
guerilla positions on otherwise inaccessible mountain ridges and peaks. France created
1048:
937:
867:
635:
414:
395:
221:
862:
857:
217:
186:
171:
101:
1007:
954:
459:
371:
364:
246:
126:
115:
391:
360:
70:
406:
352:
356:
237:
175:
220:
was decidedly counter-insurgent in nature, with helicopters such as the
845:
773:
469:
383:
149:
take-offs and landings from makeshift and roughly constructed runways.
93:
Transportation in support of combatants and civilians alike, including
89:
Some of the roles carried out by counter-insurgency aircraft include:
852:
338:
156:
18:
706:"Side-Firing Weapon Systems: A New Application of an Old Concept"
179:
146:
142:
730:
686:"Development and Employment of Fixed-Wing Gunships, 1962–1972"
141:, simplicity in maintenance, and the capability to perform
450:
as well as limited use by the United States Air Force.
599:
597:
595:
593:
614:
612:
973:
822:
815:
766:
386:for circling attacks. It was the later and larger
411:40 mm (1.58 in) L/60 Bofors autocannons
691:. Air Force Historical Studies Office. p. 9
224:being used not only to carry infantry, but also
216:By the late 1950s, French air operations in the
742:
8:
38:are a specialized variety of military light
378:transport was successfully modified by the
819:
749:
735:
727:
402:five-barreled rotary cannons, 30 mm
343:EC-130J Commando Solo which is used for
226:machine guns and rocket launchers on an
603:
486:
618:
498:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 99.
429:. Smaller gunship designs such as the
537:from the original on November 4, 2019
7:
245:aircraft in combat. As late as the
830:Airborne early warning and control
14:
657:"AC-130H Spectre, AC-130U Spooky"
475:Light Attack/Armed Reconnaissance
413:, and 105 mm (4.13 in)
108:Psychological operations (PSYOPs)
524:(Portable Document Format (PDF))
564:. Air Combat Information Group
1:
528:Air Command and Staff College
448:Republic of Vietnam Air Force
398:, 25 mm (0.984 in)
125:Air-to-ground attack against
95:casualty evacuation (CASEVAC)
16:Light ground attack aircraft
1060:Counter-insurgency aircraft
558:"Algerian War, 1954 - 1962"
193:(COIN) aircraft as one of
52:air escort of ground forces
32:Counter-insurgency aircraft
1076:
431:Fairchild AU-23 Peacemaker
251:North American T-28 Trojan
25:Fairchild AU-23 Peacemaker
684:Ballard, Jack S. (1982).
659:. FAS.org. Archived from
60:low-intensity engagements
704:Hamlin, Ross E. (1970).
496:A Dictionary of Aviation
494:Wragg, David W. (1973).
440:Khmer National Air Force
100:Intelligence gathering,
380:United States Air Force
348:
162:
28:
713:Air University Review
632:"The AC-119 Gunships"
376:Douglas C-47 Skytrain
342:
323:SIAI-Marchetti SF.260
268:Cessna A-37 Dragonfly
255:Douglas A-1 Skyraider
161:A Cessna O-1 Bird Dog
160:
104:, and reconnaissance.
22:
519:Sagraves, Robert D.
444:Royal Thai Air Force
435:Helio AU-24 Stallion
419:Douglas AC-47 Spooky
288:EMB 314 Super Tucano
278:Cessna O-2 Skymaster
900:Electronic warfare
308:Grumman OV-1 Mohawk
273:Cessna O-1 Bird Dog
841:Counter-insurgency
562:www.acig.info/CMS/
404:Mk44 Bushmaster II
400:GAU-12/U Equalizer
349:
204:Post colonial wars
191:Counter-Insurgency
174:, in nations like
163:
75:aircraft artillery
46:operations, armed
44:counter-insurgency
29:
1055:Counterinsurgency
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
895:Close air support
759:military aircraft
465:Emergency fighter
382:with side-firing
1067:
903:
820:
802:
751:
744:
737:
728:
723:
721:
719:
710:
700:
698:
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643:
634:. Archived from
628:
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574:
573:
571:
569:
553:
547:
546:
544:
542:
536:
525:
516:
510:
509:
491:
423:Fairchild AC-119
328:Soko J-20 Kraguj
303:FMA IA 58 Pucará
263:BAC Strikemaster
120:radio broadcasts
77:and/or portable
1075:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1045:
1044:
1043:
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969:
945:Maritime patrol
918:Air superiority
901:
811:
800:
762:
761:types and roles
755:
717:
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513:
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493:
492:
488:
484:
456:
427:air superiority
388:Lockheed AC-130
337:
293:Fairchild AU-23
206:
195:Royal Air Force
168:
155:
87:
42:, designed for
40:attack aircraft
17:
12:
11:
5:
1073:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1047:
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1040:
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1017:
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1000:
999:
998:
991:Reconnaissance
988:
983:
977:
975:
971:
970:
968:
967:
965:Strike fighter
962:
960:Fighter-bomber
957:
952:
947:
942:
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935:
930:
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679:
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623:
608:
589:
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548:
530:. p. 46.
511:
504:
485:
483:
480:
479:
478:
477:(LAAR) Program
472:
467:
462:
455:
452:
415:M102 howitzers
396:rotary cannons
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
313:Helio Stallion
310:
305:
300:
298:Fletcher FD-25
295:
290:
285:
283:EMB 312 Tucano
280:
275:
270:
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259:
205:
202:
167:
166:Colonial times
164:
154:
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131:
130:
123:
105:
98:
86:
83:
56:ground support
48:reconnaissance
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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904:
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871:
869:
868:Medium bomber
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
855:
854:
851:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
837:
834:
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681:
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663:on 2013-09-27
662:
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638:on 2007-01-26
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505:9780850451634
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222:Piasecki H-21
219:
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177:
173:
172:colonial wars
165:
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112:leaflet drops
109:
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99:
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84:
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65:
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57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
36:COIN aircraft
33:
26:
21:
1003:Surveillance
981:Experimental
863:Light bomber
858:Heavy bomber
840:
716:. Retrieved
712:
693:. Retrieved
665:. Retrieved
661:the original
651:
640:. Retrieved
636:the original
626:
606:, p. 9.
604:Ballard 1982
578:
566:. Retrieved
561:
556:Tom Cooper.
551:
539:. Retrieved
514:
495:
489:
369:
365:banking turn
350:
318:OV-10 Bronco
243:
227:
218:Algerian War
215:
211:Strikemaster
210:
207:
199:
190:
187:Pashtunistan
184:
169:
137:speed, long
132:
127:soft targets
116:loudspeakers
102:surveillance
88:
35:
31:
30:
955:Interdictor
923:Interceptor
832:(AEW&C)
718:16 December
678:Works cited
619:Hamlin 1970
568:21 December
541:21 December
460:Dive bomber
394:six-barrel
372:Vietnam War
333:TAI Hürkuş
247:Vietnam War
232:, to reach
73:armed with
62:"; usually
1049:Categories
974:Non-combat
950:Multi-role
883:Pathfinder
878:Penetrator
794:Helicopter
784:Fixed-wing
695:7 February
667:2018-01-07
642:2018-01-07
482:References
407:chain guns
392:M61 Vulcan
374:, the old
361:pylon turn
71:insurgents
1030:Transport
928:Emergency
873:Strategic
799:Unmanned
353:laterally
139:endurance
135:loitering
64:irregular
58:against "
27:in flight
908:Intruder
532:Archived
454:See also
433:and the
384:Miniguns
357:strafing
238:Potez 75
176:Ethiopia
147:vertical
110:through
1025:Trainer
1020:Testbed
986:Liaison
913:Fighter
890:Carrier
846:Gunship
807:Stealth
779:Balloon
774:Airship
757:Modern
470:Gunship
370:In the
347:warfare
153:History
79:rockets
1015:Tanker
933:Escort
853:Bomber
836:Attack
823:Combat
789:Glider
502:
446:, and
421:, the
417:. The
228:ad hoc
118:, and
67:groups
54:, and
1008:Scout
996:Scout
938:Night
816:Roles
801:(UAV)
767:Types
709:(PDF)
689:(PDF)
535:(PDF)
345:PSYOP
230:basis
143:short
85:Roles
902:(EW)
720:2016
697:2011
570:2014
543:2014
500:ISBN
253:and
180:Iraq
178:and
367:).
234:FLN
145:or
69:of
34:or
1051::
711:.
611:^
592:^
560:.
526:.
442:,
409:,
213:.
114:,
81:.
50:,
23:A
750:e
743:t
736:v
722:.
699:.
670:.
645:.
621:.
586:.
572:.
545:.
508:.
363:(
129:.
122:.
97:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
