1059:
1348:. From 1385 onwards, the counties were sending representatives to meetings of the Diet of the Kingdom of Hungary and they played a role in the collection and setting of taxes. But only in the early 15th century, the nobles managed to put through a rule that only a noble from the same county can become the deputy county head and a co-judge. From 1504 onwards the deputy county head's appointment had to be approved by the nobles (congregatio generalis -see below), so that the deputy county head definitively became the de facto leader of the county. The county head, appointed by the king from the
1594:
municipalities and did not touch their territories in general, so the territory and names of the counties still largely corresponded to those of the pre-1848 period. However, in addition to the 65 counties (49 in
Hungary proper, 8 in Transylvania, and 8 in Croatia), there were 89 cities with municipal rights, including historical royal privileged towns and others, authorised by the 1870 Act, and other types of territorial municipalities (3 in Hungary proper and 18 in Transylvania), including privileged districts, the so-called
122:
25:
1622:
place of the 65 counties and 21 other units. However, historical identities were highly considered; in
Hungary proper only minor corrections were made. Bigger changes came to Transylvania where the Székely Land and the Saxons' Land were completely "countified". At the same time the total number of municipal towns was reduced from 89 to 30.
1384:. Gradually, judicial affairs were excluded from the meetings of the congregatio generalis, which thus turned from a judicial body into an administrative body. All nobles of the county participated in person in the meetings of the congregatio and the congregatio decided on all important political, military and economic affairs.
925:, the judge, and the chief law enforcement officer in his respective territory. He collected the taxes and payments in kind made by the subjects to the king, gave two thirds of them to the king and kept the rest. His castle had special fortifications and was able to withstand even long-term sieges. The sources mention
1393:
each of which was administered by one of the noble judges (there were therefore usually four in each county). The aim was to simplify the administration. The number of processus was increasing from the 18th century onwards, because the functions of the counties were increasing too. The processus, in
1091:, was primarily divided into 10 newly created military/administrative districts, each of which consisted of four to seven counties. The territory of the counties corresponded to the traditional one, but in 1786 many of them were merged and the counties became pure units of state administration – the
1621:
The second step of modernization was realized in another act of parliament in 1876. This
Municipal Territories Act reduced the number of municipalities significantly and made counties the only territorial units by abolishing privileged districts, seats and other forms. 73 counties were organized in
1471:
A provisional centralised administration started to be created by the
Austrians in February 1849, Alexander Bach issued a decree on provisional organisation of the Kingdom of Hungary in early August 1849 and a regulation on the administrative system of the Kingdom of Hungary followed on October 24.
979:
As a result, by royal decrees of 1267, 1290, and 1298, the king could only confirm that the royal counties had turned into noble ones. Nobles (mostly former royal servant families) became quasi-rulers in the counties. The change from a royal to a noble county, however, took place at different times
1095:
were abolished, the county clerks became employees of the state, the courts became the responsibility of the state etc. The capitals of the districts were chosen so as to be situated right in the middle of the district. The number of processus districts was reduced. The official language became
1633:
districts steadily increased over the next decades, growing from around 400 up to some 450 by 1918. The powers and responsibilities of the counties were constantly decreased and were transferred to ministries in different fields of special administration, like responsibilities in terms of
1593:
First, an 1870 act of parliament unified the legal status and internal administrative structures of the various municipal (self-governing) administrative units, abolishing almost all historical privileges. However, this
Municipalities Act retained the historical names and officials of the
1237:) of the properties of the same. Initially, the nobles of the county could not influence the appointment of the deputy county head, but in the early 15th century, they managed to put through a rule that only a noble from the same county can become the deputy county head (see below).
909:), established for military purposes only (e. g. comitatus of Bolondus), which however ceased to exist in the 14th century when royal counties were transformed into noble ones. Initially, there were also some small special castle districts, which ceased to exist in the 13th century.
1503:) led by generals appointed by the emperor, which in turn were divided into civil districts (around 4 in each military district), the civil districts were divided into counties (with their previous borders) and the counties into districts. German became the official language.
957:: hospites were foreign settlers who were allowed to apply their own foreign law in their settlements; particularly Germans and especially after 1242. This considerably restricted the real powers of the county heads, since the hospites were outside their jurisdiction.
964:, large parts of royal territory (i. e. of the kingdom) were donated to the so-called "royal servants" (in the 9th–12th centuries members of certain professions, mostly craftsmen, who were settled in special villages and served the king with their respective skills).
748:
Its decrees and decisions are binding on all county officials. The county regulations were enacted by the county assembly constituted the county's local legislation. The county legislation was subordinate only to the laws of the parliament.
983:
In the 15th century, the borders of the counties stabilised and basically remained unchanged until 1920. Between the early 16th century and the late 17th century, however, most of the counties ceased to exist once they became part of the
1564:
The situation prevailing before 1848 was restored in
October 1860, both in terms of borders and in terms of noble autonomy. In 1863, however, the noble autonomy was replaced by an absolutist system of state administration again.
1609:
The main effect of the 1870 Municipalities Act was that it was no longer only the nobles and other privileged groups who could lead the municipalities (see
Functioning). The system of districts (historically, in Latin,
1139:), appointed by the king, and by his deputy, appointed by the county head. These two persons were the link between the king and the nobility. As a rule, the county heads (from the 15th /16th century onwards called
1804:
1226:
s absence. Originally, the deputy county head was a personal employee of the king and thus the main person through which the king exercised influence in the county. At the same time, the deputy was the
1359:), mining towns, free districts, and at the time of the Anjou kings also of royal castle domains. Until 1486, some members of the supreme nobility were exempt from the jurisdiction of the county, too.
1476:
Croatia-Slavonia, the
Military frontier, Voivodina and the Temes-Banate were separated from the Kingdom of Hungary (which did not include Transylvania at that time) and directly subordinated to Vienna
1204:
himself, were the real administrators of the county. This development was emphasised by the fact that the county heads were also higher dignitaries of the state or of the court at the same time (
1791:
1355:
The county authorities were very powerful and administered all spheres of public life. They were responsible for all inhabitants of the county, except for inhabitants of free royal towns (
899:(Transdanubia); they arose before or around 1000. The exact time of the creation of many other counties is disputed, many of them, however, arose not later than during the rule of
1590:
declared autonomous. In 1869, the counties lost the jurisdiction powers (the courts) as royal courts were organized. Modernization of the counties was then realized in two steps.
42:
1512:
Under a regulation on provisional political administration of the
Kingdom of Hungary issued on September 13, 1850, the territory was divided into the above 5 districts (called
1329:(see below) and were not only judges, but also political administrators of their respective processus districts (see below). They formed the core of the newly arising class of
1062:
Counties of the
Kingdom of Hungary proper (w/o the Grand Principality of Transylvania, Banate of Temeswar, and Croatian-Slavonian Kingdom) between 1782–85 as mapped during the
967:
In the 13th century, the royal servants managed to co-ordinate their activities in order to increase their own powers at the expense of those of the county heads (see also the
1516:
now), which in turn consisted of counties and the counties of districts. The territories of some counties changed, some counties were newly created. The districts were led by
1428:) was described as "the personage of the most importance in the county", having duties similar to an English sheriff but also presiding over the county court of justice. (The
176:
1797:
1366:, i. e. the county assembly convened and led by the county head. Originally, this body was created and served only as a judicial body, which comprised the judge, the
1556:. The only responsibilities of these state counties were political administration and the management of taxes. The courts were the responsibility of other entities.
1436:
presided over the county assembly, which had as late as 1840 a long list of powers, ranging from police regulations to tax, to improvements on bridges and roads.
1606:
and others. Thus, the total number of municipal entities was 175 under direct control of the central Hungarian government, of which about a third was a county.
993:
1432:, theoretically his superior, was usually a nobleman, who would commonly be in Vienna or Pesth and thus have little time for local affairs.) Furthermore, the
1829:
1154:
of the respective county castle in 13 counties. People became county heads for a limited period of time and could be recalled by the king, but a number of
1083:(self-governance) and tried to introduce a new system of absolutist centralized state administration in the Kingdom of Hungary. The kingdom, including
1634:
construction, veterinary medicine and (overall) financial management. The ministries controlled these through their own regional and local agencies.
1731:
1058:
89:
61:
1112:. After the death of Emperor Joseph II, however, facing strong resistance against any kind of absolutist centralization in Hungary, the new king
1282:
meetings were led by the county head, later de facto by his deputy (see below). Until the 15th century, the county head's co-judges were his
68:
949:
In the late 13th century, the royal counties gradually turned into highly autonomous noble counties. The reasons for this development were:
301:), in a similar sense, and seems to have meant, initially, the border of a county in the Hungarian language. Hungarian has another word (
1814:
1809:
1579:
355:
For centuries, the official written language of the Kingdom of Hungary was Latin. The Latin word for the English and Hungarian county,
75:
565:
A Typical county in Hungary are made up of several districts. The headquarters of the districts were usually located in small towns.
225:
was a noble title used in various meanings, in the Kingdom of Hungary especially (but not exclusively) in the meaning "county head".
108:
57:
1389:
1209:
1113:
46:
1694:
1035:
The bodies of the new counties considerably helped to defend the interests of lower and middle nobility with respect to the
1205:
1084:
1076:
1044:
1646:, comprising 50% virilists (persons paying the highest direct taxes), and 50% elected persons fulfilling the prescribed
126:
1767:
82:
1479:
the remaining territory of the Kingdom of Hungary was divided into 5 military districts (in present-day Slovakia:
1463:
in the Kingdom of Hungary and the counties were turned into simple state administration entities and authorities.
35:
1116:
had to repeal all the reforms and the old system of the self-governments of the counties was reinstated in 1790.
235:
1508:
2nd provisional arrangement (so-called Geringer Provisional Arrangement; September 13, 1850 – January 18, 1853)
1754:
1727:"Hungary and Transylvania; with remarks on their condition, social, political, and economical. (Chapter VIII)"
1669:, who was a government official subordinated to the Ministry of the Interior of the Kingdom of Hungary. The
1305:
1063:
1021:
262:
1010:
921:, whose seat was a castle – a quasi-capital of the county. The county head was the representative of the
1783:
1777:
1603:
1409:
Until the 1840s (with an exception in 1785-1790), the official language of county administration was
961:
900:
453:
1772:
1722:
1544:
Only slight changes were made to the previous arrangement. Each district was formally turned to an
1088:
1016:
968:
182:
1124:
Only the duty to support the king militarily, the territorial unit and formally also the title of
1740:
1449:
1345:
1052:
388:
276:
167:
156:
138:
1150:
of the county. From the beginning of the 14th century, the county head was at the same time the
336:
before the arrival of the Hungarians and stood for the head of various territorial units. Title
1690:
1380:(hearing of a witness) enabled the nobles to influence the proceedings conducted at the royal
1182:
1080:
1025:
517:
171:
121:
1024:). This district was dissolved again in 1779, but its southernmost part remained part of the
1661:
1245:
1186:
1105:
972:
892:
619:
333:
1586:
was definitively reunited with the Kingdom of Hungary proper, and the town and district of
1131:
The new county was a self-governing (autonomous) entity of lower gentry. It was led by the
1109:
1097:
525:
408:
398:
266:
125:
Map of 71 counties in the Lands of the Hungarian Crown (the Kingdom of Hungary proper and
1599:
1387:
As from the beginning of the 15th century, the territory of each county was divided into
1618:) as administrative sub-divisions was affirmed in counties and extended to other areas.
255:) meaning approximately territorial border. The Slavic word in turn is related to Latin
1341:
985:
895:
in 895. The first counties were probably the counties situated in present-day northern
286:
960:
At the end of the 12th century, and even more so in the early 13th century under King
1823:
989:
1583:
1460:
1212:, etc.), so that they did not have much time for the management of the county. The
1051:
kings. The counties as noble institutions were abolished only in the course of the
998:
1233:
903:(1000/01–1038). Initially there were also several small frontier counties (Latin:
1726:
1240:
Initially, in the 13th century, influence of nobles made itself felt only in the
1625:
After 1876 only minor changes were made to the system until 1918. The number of
1492:
1004:
216:
215:, which originally stood for companion or retinue member. In the Early and High
24:
265:
root. The original word is still used in present-day Slavic languages, i.e. in
1651:
1480:
954:
888:
1349:
1228:
1151:
1036:
1484:
1340:(noble self-government). This evolution started especially under the kings
1325:
were the real representatives of county autonomy. They were elected by the
996:. After the final defeat of the Turks in 1718, the three southern counties
1456:
1048:
896:
321:
313:
1294:
from among the present nobles. From the 15th century onwards, permanent
1552:). Some county territories were slightly modified and they were led by
1453:
1445:
1336:
Later, the counties even turned to political entities representing the
1163:
1159:
1155:
922:
160:
1352:(supreme nobility), was only the formal representative of the county.
1647:
1587:
1500:
1488:
1330:
1309:
1291:
1144:
1753:
A HTML text version with links to ePub and PDF files is to be found
1376:, and which was usually convened once a year. At the same time, the
1550:
administrative territory of the branche-offices of the governorship
416:. Some Hungarian historians distinguish between the functions of a
1410:
1381:
1372:
1190:
1174:
1057:
379:
200:
1362:
The most important body of self-government of the county was the
1496:
1231:
of the castle of the county head or an economic officer (Latin:
1147:
1540:"Definitive" arrangement (January 19, 1853 – October 20, 1860)
337:
327:
319:
250:
244:
238:
18:
1805:
Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary (1941–45)
1270:- developed into the county court (the Latin name remained
413:(Burg-)Komitat / (Burg-)Gespanschaft / (rarely) Ispanschaft
384:
parochia / provincia / compagus civitatis / comitatus /mega
468:(no other form from the 13th century onwards), Hungarian:
452:. This system was created by the state founder monarch
440:), usually arguing that the administrative unit called
318:(county head) is derived from the Southern Slavic word
1444:
In 1849, in the course of and after the defeat of the
1298:
were elected from among the nobles of the county. The
1185:, and then by other members of middle nobility in the
878:
Royal counties (late 10th century – late 13th century)
1546:
administrative territory of a governorship department
1079:
decided to abolish the counties as entities of noble
1066:, right before the Josephinian administrative reform.
580:
comes parochialis / comes civitatis / comes comitatus
1717:
The entire article was created based on one source:
1312:
instance for village courts and patrimonial courts (
1162:) received the "eternal county leadership" of their
342:
was also used as a ruling title in medieval Serbia.
296:
290:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1792:Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary
1100:rather than Latin. The districts were headed by a
177:Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary
159:) is the name of a type of administrative unit in
446:sometimes included several military units called
1798:Demographics of the Kingdom of Hungary by county
174:of 1920. For lists of individual counties, see:
1219:s role was to administer the county during the
1043:rulers of the kingdom, and with respect to the
864:
858:
832:
801:
764:
728:
696:
649:
623:
613:
584:
547:
481:
475:
469:
447:
441:
429:
417:
392:
311:
302:
229:
166:This article deals with counties in the former
149:
1402:), each of which was the responsibility of a
736:generálna kongregácia / stoličné zhromaždenie
404:(kráľovský) komitát / župa / hradské španstvo
332:), which was used by the Slavs living in the
280:
8:
1308:for minor disputes of the nobles and as the
1014:created the special administrative district
870:
844:
838:
813:
807:
782:
776:
770:
740:
734:
708:
702:
661:
655:
629:
596:
590:
559:
553:
511:
505:
499:
493:
487:
411:
402:
270:
155:; the earlier refers to the counties of the
1627:
1612:
1321:From the beginning of their existence, the
1313:
1299:
1277:
1271:
1265:
904:
826:
795:
758:
722:
690:
678:
643:
607:
578:
541:
463:
435:
423:
382:
356:
346:
256:
220:
210:
204:
180:. For counties of Hungary since 1950, see:
1173:was also borne by some dignitaries of the
1128:remained from the former royal counties.
940:Noble counties (late 13th century – 1848)
307:) of the same origin meaning borderland.
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1196:From the 13th-14th century onwards, the
929:in the 12th century for the first time.
917:Each county was the responsibility of a
586:várispán / vármegyei ispán / megyésispán
120:
1682:
1665:and others). The county was led by the
1467:1st provisional arrangement (1849–1850)
1055:by legal articles III–V and XVI/ 1848.
474:(in the Middle Ages both, later mainly
16:Historic administration unit in Hungary
7:
1290:, and a number of persons appointed
58:"Counties of Hungary" 1000–1920
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1810:List of cities and towns of Hungary
1580:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
1256:(see below), and the courts of the
1830:Counties in the Kingdom of Hungary
1108:, who was simultaneously also the
14:
1416:In 1840, the deputy county head (
555:slúžnovský obvod/slúžnovský okres
462:: (13th century to 1848) Latin:
1673:was also an important function.
365:Terminology in various languages
361:, is sometimes used in English.
170:from the 10th century until the
23:
1569:Modernised counties (1867–1920)
34:needs additional citations for
1732:The British and Foreign Review
1487:, in the remaining territory:
1032:) till the late 19th century.
932:The royal county consisted of
797:iurati assessores / iurassores
378:: (between 11th-13th century)
1:
1642:The main county body was the
1560:Transitory period (1860–1867)
1071:Transitory period (1785–1790)
394:vármegye/ megye / várispánság
1370:members and 8 elected noble
1158:(from the 15th century also
994:Principality of Transylvania
387:(and other names), in later
1739:(XXI). London: Richard and
1169:Note that the formal title
510:(modernised county usually
127:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
1846:
1518:main district county heads
1440:State counties (1849–1860)
1394:turn, consisted of 2 to 6
1181:) and other nobles in the
971:) and thus became nobles:
872:Munizipalstadt/ Munizipium
860:törvényhatósági jogú város
760:iudices nobilium / iudlium
742:Komitatsgeneralversammlung
692:comes curialis / vicecomes
683:by the then Latin sources.
328:
261:(middle) through a common
251:
680:comes castri / castellani
297:
209:is derived from the word
710:Untergespan / Vizegespan
501:Gespanschaft / Komitat /
480:, from 1949 exclusively
1528:) and the districts by
1472:Under this regulation:
1459:established a military
1357:liberae regiae civitate
1306:court of first instance
1064:Josephinian Land Survey
778:Schöffen / Stuhlrichter
543:processus / reambulatio
338:
320:
245:
239:
234:is likely derived from
1628:
1613:
1314:
1300:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1189:, and it did not mean
1067:
905:
871:
865:
859:
845:
839:
833:
827:
814:
808:
802:
796:
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
741:
735:
729:
723:
709:
703:
697:
691:
679:
662:
656:
650:
644:
630:
624:
614:
608:
597:
591:
585:
583:, in later Hungarian:
579:
560:
554:
548:
542:
529:
521:
512:
506:
500:
494:
488:
482:
476:
470:
464:
448:
442:
436:
430:
424:
418:
412:
403:
393:
383:
357:
347:
312:
303:
291:
281:
271:
257:
230:
221:
211:
205:
150:
142:
130:
1784:Subregions of Hungary
1548:(since July 1, 1860:
1364:congregatio generalis
1327:congregatio generalis
1286:, the (usually four)
1252:- developed into the
1061:
1039:, who were often the
1030:Confiniaria militaria
124:
1778:Districts of Hungary
1705:Paget (1840), p. 307
1604:Transylvanian Saxons
1520:, the counties by a
1450:1848-1849 Revolution
1244:. The judges of the
846:Unterstuhlrichter(?)
724:congregatio generali
592:hradský špán / župan
454:Stephen I of Hungary
43:improve this article
1773:Counties of Hungary
1644:municipal committee
1378:inquisitio communis
1250:iudices servientium
1198:deputy county heads
1143:) were the supreme
1017:Banatus Temesiensis
969:Golden Bull of 1222
953:The arrival of new
927:deputy county heads
821:Deputy noble judges
704:podžupan / vicišpán
598:Burggespan / Gespan
595:, in later German:
589:, in later Slovak:
549:(szolgabírói) járás
492:(modernised county
310:The Hungarian word
228:The Hungarian word
183:Counties of Hungary
1768:Regions of Hungary
1741:John Edward Taylor
1671:deputy county head
1656:deputy county head
1404:deputy noble judge
1284:deputy county head
1214:deputy county head
1068:
1053:Revolution of 1848
698:alispán / vicispán
689:and later: Latin:
669:Deputy county head
195:Origin of the name
168:Kingdom of Hungary
157:Kingdom of Hungary
131:
1689:Paget (1840), p.
1183:Early Middle Ages
1104:appointed by the
1093:main county heads
1026:Military Frontier
866:municipálne mesto
763:, Hungarian (pl)
428:) and those of a
172:Treaty of Trianon
119:
118:
111:
93:
1837:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1706:
1703:
1697:
1687:
1667:main county head
1631:
1616:
1317:
1315:sedes dominialis
1303:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1262:sedes iudiciaria
1260:- the so-called
1258:servientes regis
1248:- the so-called
1246:servientes regis
1225:
1218:
1193:in these cases.
1187:Late Middle Ages
1141:main county head
1106:Austrian emperor
980:in each county.
973:servientes regis
934:castle districts
908:
893:Carpathian Basin
874:
868:
862:
848:
842:
836:
830:
817:
811:
805:
799:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
744:
738:
732:
726:
717:General Assembly
712:
706:
700:
694:
682:
665:
659:
653:
647:
645:comes (supremus)
638:Main county head
633:
627:
620:Slavic languages
617:
611:
600:
594:
588:
582:
563:
557:
551:
545:
515:
509:
503:
497:
491:
485:
479:
473:
471:vármegye / megye
467:
451:
445:
439:
433:
427:
421:
415:
406:
396:
386:
360:
350:
341:
334:Carpathian Basin
331:
330:
325:
317:
306:
300:
299:
294:
284:
274:
260:
254:
253:
248:
242:
233:
224:
214:
208:
153:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1820:
1819:
1764:
1746:
1744:
1721:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1640:
1576:
1571:
1562:
1542:
1514:civil districts
1510:
1469:
1442:
1242:judicial sphere
1223:
1216:
1122:
1110:king of Hungary
1073:
1047:efforts of the
947:
942:
915:
891:settled in the
885:
880:
855:
823:
793:
755:
747:
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677:: mentioned as
671:
640:
571:
564:
538:
498:only), German:
437:comes civitatis
425:comes comitatus
372:
367:
353:
236:Southern Slavic
197:
192:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1843:
1841:
1833:
1832:
1822:
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1800:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1775:
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1714:
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1541:
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1509:
1506:
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1504:
1477:
1468:
1465:
1441:
1438:
1342:Charles Robert
1338:noble autonomy
1304:served as the
1200:, and not the
1121:
1118:
1075:In 1785, king
1072:
1069:
1005:Torontaliensis
986:Ottoman Empire
977:
976:
965:
958:
946:
943:
941:
938:
914:
911:
901:King Stephen I
884:
881:
879:
876:
854:
853:Municipal town
851:
822:
819:
809:súdni prísažní
792:
789:
769:, Slovak (pl)
754:
751:
718:
715:
714:
713:
684:
670:
667:
648:, Hungarian:
639:
636:
635:
634:
612:, Hungarian:
601:
570:
567:
537:
534:
533:
532:
489:stolica / župa
457:
371:
368:
366:
363:
352:
344:
287:Serbo-Croatian
196:
193:
191:
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117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
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3:
2:
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1828:
1827:
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1813:
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1808:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1796:
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1794:(until 1920)
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1790:
1785:
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1554:commissioners
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1498:
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1103:
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1065:
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1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1011:Krassoviensis
1007:
1006:
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1000:
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987:
981:
974:
970:
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890:
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867:
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835:
834:alszolgabírák
831:, Hungarian:
829:
820:
818:
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798:
790:
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745:
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731:
727:, Hungarian:
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707:, in German:
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263:Indo-European
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129:) around 1880
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110:
102:
91:
88:
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81:
77:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1786:(until 2013)
1780:(from 2013)
1745:. Retrieved
1736:
1730:
1716:
1713:Bibliography
1701:
1685:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1655:
1643:
1641:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1611:
1608:
1600:Székely Land
1595:
1592:
1584:Transylvania
1577:
1563:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1543:
1534:Stuhlrichter
1533:
1530:noble judges
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1470:
1461:dictatorship
1443:
1433:
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1367:
1363:
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1323:noble judges
1322:
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1254:noble judges
1253:
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1239:
1232:
1220:
1213:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1179:comes curiae
1178:
1170:
1168:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1102:commissioner
1101:
1092:
1074:
1045:absolutistic
1040:
1034:
1029:
1015:
1009:
1003:
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992:) or of the
982:
978:
948:
933:
931:
926:
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916:
886:
856:
824:
794:
784:Stuhlrichter
756:
753:Noble judges
746:
720:
687:Noble county
686:
675:Royal county
674:
657:hlavný župan
641:
604:Noble county
603:
575:Royal county
574:
539:
513:Gespanschaft
460:Noble county
459:
376:Royal county
375:
354:
309:
227:
219:, the title
198:
190:Nomenclature
181:
175:
165:
148:
143:
134:
132:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1723:Paget, John
1638:Functioning
1434:Vicegespann
1430:Obergespann
1422:Vicegespann
1221:county head
1202:county head
1133:county head
1126:county head
1120:Functioning
999:Temesiensis
919:county head
913:Functioning
857:Hungarian:
815:Geschworene
766:szolgabírák
701:, Slovak:
569:County head
561:Stuhlbezirk
486:), Slovak:
449:várispánság
431:várispánság
407:, in later
397:, in later
217:Middle Ages
99:August 2021
1677:References
1652:ex officio
1582:, in 1868
1578:After the
1481:Bratislava
1426:Vizegespan
1114:Leopold II
1020:(Temeswar
889:Hungarians
869:, German:
863:, Slovak:
843:, German:
837:, Slovak:
806:, Slovak:
775:, German
739:, German:
733:, Slovak:
663:Obergespan
660:, German:
654:, Slovak:
628:, German:
558:, German:
552:, Slovak:
507:Grafschaft
434:(led by a
422:(led by a
351:vs. county
69:newspapers
1743:: 274–324
1691:304 (PDF)
1654:members (
1629:processus
1614:processus
1532:(German:
1457:Habsburgs
1390:processus
1350:oligarchs
1229:castellan
1210:treasurer
1152:castellan
1077:Joseph II
1037:oligarchs
962:Andrew II
840:podslúžni
828:viceiudex
812:, German
730:közgyűlés
606:: Latin:
577:: Latin:
504:(rarely)
465:comitatus
389:Hungarian
358:comitatus
348:Comitatus
277:Slovenian
206:comitatus
139:Hungarian
1824:Category
1762:See also
1725:(1840).
1526:Vorstand
1524:(German:
1522:chairman
1454:Austrian
1398:(Latin:
1396:circuits
1234:provisor
1206:palatine
1160:seculars
1156:prelates
1089:Slavonia
1081:autonomy
1049:Habsburg
1041:de facto
955:hospites
906:marchiae
897:Pannonia
803:esküdtek
536:District
522:županija
518:Croatian
477:vármegye
443:vármegye
419:vármegye
391: :
144:vármegye
1815:NUTS:HU
1747:20 July
1598:of the
1574:History
1448:in the
1446:Magyars
1420:, Ger.
1418:alispán
1400:circuli
1346:Louis I
1331:squires
1276:). The
1177:(e. g.
1164:diocese
1085:Croatia
945:History
883:History
825:Latin:
781:(later
757:Latin:
721:Latin:
651:főispán
642:Latin:
540:Latin:
530:comitat
304:mezsgye
161:Hungary
83:scholar
1695:(HTML)
1662:notary
1648:census
1588:Rijeka
1501:Oradea
1489:Sopron
1485:Košice
1452:, the
1373:jurors
1368:sedria
1310:appeal
1301:sedria
1296:jurors
1292:ad hoc
1279:sedria
1273:sedria
1267:sedria
1145:feudal
1098:German
1022:Banate
791:Jurors
787:only)
772:slúžni
631:Gespan
526:French
409:German
399:Slovak
370:County
285:), in
275:), in
267:Slovak
258:medius
135:county
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1660:main
1596:seats
1411:Latin
1382:curia
1224:'
1217:'
1191:count
1175:Court
1171:comes
1148:lords
1137:comes
990:Turks
988:(the
625:župan
615:ispán
609:comes
483:megye
380:Latin
339:župan
329:жупан
322:župan
314:ispán
272:medza
240:medja
231:megye
222:comes
212:comes
203:word
201:Latin
151:megye
90:JSTOR
76:books
1755:here
1749:2021
1693:and
1650:and
1602:and
1497:Buda
1493:Pest
1344:and
1087:and
1008:and
923:king
887:The
516:),
495:župa
298:међа
292:međa
289:(as
282:meja
279:(as
269:(as
252:међа
246:međa
199:The
62:news
1536:).
1424:or
1318:).
1264:or
147:or
45:by
1826::
1737:XI
1735:.
1729:.
1658:,
1499:,
1491:,
1483:,
1413:.
1406:.
1333:.
1208:,
1166:.
1002:,
936:.
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622::
618:,
528::
524:,
520::
401::
295:,
249:,
186:.
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133:A
1757:.
1751:.
1495:-
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66:·
39:.
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