1070:
1359:. From 1385 onwards, the counties were sending representatives to meetings of the Diet of the Kingdom of Hungary and they played a role in the collection and setting of taxes. But only in the early 15th century, the nobles managed to put through a rule that only a noble from the same county can become the deputy county head and a co-judge. From 1504 onwards the deputy county head's appointment had to be approved by the nobles (congregatio generalis -see below), so that the deputy county head definitively became the de facto leader of the county. The county head, appointed by the king from the
1605:
municipalities and did not touch their territories in general, so the territory and names of the counties still largely corresponded to those of the pre-1848 period. However, in addition to the 65 counties (49 in
Hungary proper, 8 in Transylvania, and 8 in Croatia), there were 89 cities with municipal rights, including historical royal privileged towns and others, authorised by the 1870 Act, and other types of territorial municipalities (3 in Hungary proper and 18 in Transylvania), including privileged districts, the so-called
133:
36:
1633:
place of the 65 counties and 21 other units. However, historical identities were highly considered; in
Hungary proper only minor corrections were made. Bigger changes came to Transylvania where the Székely Land and the Saxons' Land were completely "countified". At the same time the total number of municipal towns was reduced from 89 to 30.
1395:. Gradually, judicial affairs were excluded from the meetings of the congregatio generalis, which thus turned from a judicial body into an administrative body. All nobles of the county participated in person in the meetings of the congregatio and the congregatio decided on all important political, military and economic affairs.
936:, the judge, and the chief law enforcement officer in his respective territory. He collected the taxes and payments in kind made by the subjects to the king, gave two thirds of them to the king and kept the rest. His castle had special fortifications and was able to withstand even long-term sieges. The sources mention
1404:
each of which was administered by one of the noble judges (there were therefore usually four in each county). The aim was to simplify the administration. The number of processus was increasing from the 18th century onwards, because the functions of the counties were increasing too. The processus, in
1102:, was primarily divided into 10 newly created military/administrative districts, each of which consisted of four to seven counties. The territory of the counties corresponded to the traditional one, but in 1786 many of them were merged and the counties became pure units of state administration – the
1632:
The second step of modernization was realized in another act of parliament in 1876. This
Municipal Territories Act reduced the number of municipalities significantly and made counties the only territorial units by abolishing privileged districts, seats and other forms. 73 counties were organized in
1482:
A provisional centralised administration started to be created by the
Austrians in February 1849, Alexander Bach issued a decree on provisional organisation of the Kingdom of Hungary in early August 1849 and a regulation on the administrative system of the Kingdom of Hungary followed on October 24.
990:
As a result, by royal decrees of 1267, 1290, and 1298, the king could only confirm that the royal counties had turned into noble ones. Nobles (mostly former royal servant families) became quasi-rulers in the counties. The change from a royal to a noble county, however, took place at different times
1106:
were abolished, the county clerks became employees of the state, the courts became the responsibility of the state etc. The capitals of the districts were chosen so as to be situated right in the middle of the district. The number of processus districts was reduced. The official language became
1644:
districts steadily increased over the next decades, growing from around 400 up to some 450 by 1918. The powers and responsibilities of the counties were constantly decreased and were transferred to ministries in different fields of special administration, like responsibilities in terms of
1604:
First, an 1870 act of parliament unified the legal status and internal administrative structures of the various municipal (self-governing) administrative units, abolishing almost all historical privileges. However, this
Municipalities Act retained the historical names and officials of the
1248:) of the properties of the same. Initially, the nobles of the county could not influence the appointment of the deputy county head, but in the early 15th century, they managed to put through a rule that only a noble from the same county can become the deputy county head (see below).
920:), established for military purposes only (e. g. comitatus of Bolondus), which however ceased to exist in the 14th century when royal counties were transformed into noble ones. Initially, there were also some small special castle districts, which ceased to exist in the 13th century.
1514:) led by generals appointed by the emperor, which in turn were divided into civil districts (around 4 in each military district), the civil districts were divided into counties (with their previous borders) and the counties into districts. German became the official language.
968:: hospites were foreign settlers who were allowed to apply their own foreign law in their settlements; particularly Germans and especially after 1242. This considerably restricted the real powers of the county heads, since the hospites were outside their jurisdiction.
975:, large parts of royal territory (i. e. of the kingdom) were donated to the so-called "royal servants" (in the 9th–12th centuries members of certain professions, mostly craftsmen, who were settled in special villages and served the king with their respective skills).
759:
Its decrees and decisions are binding on all county officials. The county regulations were enacted by the county assembly constituted the county's local legislation. The county legislation was subordinate only to the laws of the parliament.
994:
In the 15th century, the borders of the counties stabilised and basically remained unchanged until 1920. Between the early 16th century and the late 17th century, however, most of the counties ceased to exist once they became part of the
1575:
The situation prevailing before 1848 was restored in
October 1860, both in terms of borders and in terms of noble autonomy. In 1863, however, the noble autonomy was replaced by an absolutist system of state administration again.
1620:
The main effect of the 1870 Municipalities Act was that it was no longer only the nobles and other privileged groups who could lead the municipalities (see
Functioning). The system of districts (historically, in Latin,
1150:), appointed by the king, and by his deputy, appointed by the county head. These two persons were the link between the king and the nobility. As a rule, the county heads (from the 15th /16th century onwards called
1815:
1237:
s absence. Originally, the deputy county head was a personal employee of the king and thus the main person through which the king exercised influence in the county. At the same time, the deputy was the
1370:), mining towns, free districts, and at the time of the Anjou kings also of royal castle domains. Until 1486, some members of the supreme nobility were exempt from the jurisdiction of the county, too.
1487:
Croatia-Slavonia, the
Military frontier, Voivodina and the Temes-Banate were separated from the Kingdom of Hungary (which did not include Transylvania at that time) and directly subordinated to Vienna
1215:
himself, were the real administrators of the county. This development was emphasised by the fact that the county heads were also higher dignitaries of the state or of the court at the same time (
1802:
1366:
The county authorities were very powerful and administered all spheres of public life. They were responsible for all inhabitants of the county, except for inhabitants of free royal towns (
910:(Transdanubia); they arose before or around 1000. The exact time of the creation of many other counties is disputed, many of them, however, arose not later than during the rule of
1601:
declared autonomous. In 1869, the counties lost the jurisdiction powers (the courts) as royal courts were organized. Modernization of the counties was then realized in two steps.
53:
1523:
Under a regulation on provisional political administration of the
Kingdom of Hungary issued on September 13, 1850, the territory was divided into the above 5 districts (called
1340:(see below) and were not only judges, but also political administrators of their respective processus districts (see below). They formed the core of the newly arising class of
1073:
Counties of the
Kingdom of Hungary proper (w/o the Grand Principality of Transylvania, Banate of Temeswar, and Croatian-Slavonian Kingdom) between 1782–85 as mapped during the
978:
In the 13th century, the royal servants managed to co-ordinate their activities in order to increase their own powers at the expense of those of the county heads (see also the
1527:
now), which in turn consisted of counties and the counties of districts. The territories of some counties changed, some counties were newly created. The districts were led by
1439:) was described as "the personage of the most importance in the county", having duties similar to an English sheriff but also presiding over the county court of justice. (The
187:
1808:
1377:, i. e. the county assembly convened and led by the county head. Originally, this body was created and served only as a judicial body, which comprised the judge, the
1567:. The only responsibilities of these state counties were political administration and the management of taxes. The courts were the responsibility of other entities.
1447:
presided over the county assembly, which had as late as 1840 a long list of powers, ranging from police regulations to tax, to improvements on bridges and roads.
1617:
and others. Thus, the total number of municipal entities was 175 under direct control of the central Hungarian government, of which about a third was a county.
1004:
1443:, theoretically his superior, was usually a nobleman, who would commonly be in Vienna or Pesth and thus have little time for local affairs.) Furthermore, the
1840:
1165:
of the respective county castle in 13 counties. People became county heads for a limited period of time and could be recalled by the king, but a number of
1094:(self-governance) and tried to introduce a new system of absolutist centralized state administration in the Kingdom of Hungary. The kingdom, including
1645:
construction, veterinary medicine and (overall) financial management. The ministries controlled these through their own regional and local agencies.
1742:
1069:
100:
72:
1123:. After the death of Emperor Joseph II, however, facing strong resistance against any kind of absolutist centralization in Hungary, the new king
1293:
meetings were led by the county head, later de facto by his deputy (see below). Until the 15th century, the county head's co-judges were his
79:
960:
In the late 13th century, the royal counties gradually turned into highly autonomous noble counties. The reasons for this development were:
312:), in a similar sense, and seems to have meant, initially, the border of a county in the Hungarian language. Hungarian has another word (
1825:
1820:
1590:
366:
For centuries, the official written language of the Kingdom of Hungary was Latin. The Latin word for the English and Hungarian county,
86:
576:
A Typical county in Hungary are made up of several districts. The headquarters of the districts were usually located in small towns.
236:
was a noble title used in various meanings, in the Kingdom of Hungary especially (but not exclusively) in the meaning "county head".
119:
68:
1400:
1220:
1124:
57:
1705:
1046:
The bodies of the new counties considerably helped to defend the interests of lower and middle nobility with respect to the
1216:
1095:
1087:
1055:
1657:, comprising 50% virilists (persons paying the highest direct taxes), and 50% elected persons fulfilling the prescribed
137:
1778:
93:
1490:
the remaining territory of the Kingdom of Hungary was divided into 5 military districts (in present-day Slovakia:
1474:
in the Kingdom of Hungary and the counties were turned into simple state administration entities and authorities.
46:
1127:
had to repeal all the reforms and the old system of the self-governments of the counties was reinstated in 1790.
246:
1519:
2nd provisional arrangement (so-called Geringer Provisional Arrangement; September 13, 1850 – January 18, 1853)
1765:
1738:"Hungary and Transylvania; with remarks on their condition, social, political, and economical. (Chapter VIII)"
1680:, who was a government official subordinated to the Ministry of the Interior of the Kingdom of Hungary. The
1316:
1074:
1032:
273:
1021:
932:, whose seat was a castle – a quasi-capital of the county. The county head was the representative of the
1794:
1788:
1614:
1420:
Until the 1840s (with an exception in 1785-1790), the official language of county administration was
972:
911:
464:
1783:
1733:
1555:
Only slight changes were made to the previous arrangement. Each district was formally turned to an
1099:
1027:
979:
193:
1135:
Only the duty to support the king militarily, the territorial unit and formally also the title of
1751:
1460:
1356:
1063:
399:
287:
178:
167:
149:
17:
1161:
of the county. From the beginning of the 14th century, the county head was at the same time the
347:
before the arrival of the Hungarians and stood for the head of various territorial units. Title
1701:
1391:(hearing of a witness) enabled the nobles to influence the proceedings conducted at the royal
1193:
1091:
1036:
528:
182:
132:
1035:). This district was dissolved again in 1779, but its southernmost part remained part of the
1672:
1256:
1197:
1116:
983:
903:
630:
344:
1597:
was definitively reunited with the Kingdom of Hungary proper, and the town and district of
1142:
The new county was a self-governing (autonomous) entity of lower gentry. It was led by the
1120:
1108:
536:
419:
409:
277:
136:
Map of 71 counties in the Lands of the Hungarian Crown (the Kingdom of Hungary proper and
1610:
1398:
As from the beginning of the 15th century, the territory of each county was divided into
1629:) as administrative sub-divisions was affirmed in counties and extended to other areas.
266:) meaning approximately territorial border. The Slavic word in turn is related to Latin
1352:
996:
906:
in 895. The first counties were probably the counties situated in present-day northern
297:
971:
At the end of the 12th century, and even more so in the early 13th century under King
1834:
1000:
1594:
1471:
1223:, etc.), so that they did not have much time for the management of the county. The
1062:
kings. The counties as noble institutions were abolished only in the course of the
1009:
1244:
914:(1000/01–1038). Initially there were also several small frontier counties (Latin:
1737:
1251:
Initially, in the 13th century, influence of nobles made itself felt only in the
1636:
After 1876 only minor changes were made to the system until 1918. The number of
1503:
1015:
227:
226:, which originally stood for companion or retinue member. In the Early and High
35:
276:
root. The original word is still used in present-day Slavic languages, i.e. in
1662:
1491:
965:
899:
1360:
1239:
1162:
1047:
1495:
1351:(noble self-government). This evolution started especially under the kings
1336:
were the real representatives of county autonomy. They were elected by the
1007:. After the final defeat of the Turks in 1718, the three southern counties
1467:
1059:
907:
332:
324:
1305:
from among the present nobles. From the 15th century onwards, permanent
1563:). Some county territories were slightly modified and they were led by
1464:
1456:
1347:
Later, the counties even turned to political entities representing the
1174:
1170:
1166:
933:
171:
1363:(supreme nobility), was only the formal representative of the county.
1658:
1598:
1511:
1499:
1341:
1320:
1302:
1155:
1764:
A HTML text version with links to ePub and PDF files is to be found
1387:, and which was usually convened once a year. At the same time, the
1561:
administrative territory of the branche-offices of the governorship
427:. Some Hungarian historians distinguish between the functions of a
1421:
1392:
1383:
1201:
1185:
1068:
390:
211:
1373:
The most important body of self-government of the county was the
1507:
1242:
of the castle of the county head or an economic officer (Latin:
1158:
1551:"Definitive" arrangement (January 19, 1853 – October 20, 1860)
348:
338:
330:
261:
255:
249:
29:
1816:
Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary (1941–45)
1281:- developed into the county court (the Latin name remained
424:(Burg-)Komitat / (Burg-)Gespanschaft / (rarely) Ispanschaft
395:
parochia / provincia / compagus civitatis / comitatus /mega
479:(no other form from the 13th century onwards), Hungarian:
463:. This system was created by the state founder monarch
451:), usually arguing that the administrative unit called
329:(county head) is derived from the Southern Slavic word
1455:
In 1849, in the course of and after the defeat of the
1309:
were elected from among the nobles of the county. The
1196:, and then by other members of middle nobility in the
889:
Royal counties (late 10th century – late 13th century)
1557:
administrative territory of a governorship department
1090:
decided to abolish the counties as entities of noble
1077:, right before the Josephinian administrative reform.
591:
comes parochialis / comes civitatis / comes comitatus
1728:
The entire article was created based on one source:
1323:
instance for village courts and patrimonial courts (
1173:) received the "eternal county leadership" of their
353:
was also used as a ruling title in medieval Serbia.
307:
301:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1803:Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary
1111:rather than Latin. The districts were headed by a
188:Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary
170:) is the name of a type of administrative unit in
457:sometimes included several military units called
1809:Demographics of the Kingdom of Hungary by county
185:of 1920. For lists of individual counties, see:
1230:s role was to administer the county during the
1054:rulers of the kingdom, and with respect to the
875:
869:
843:
812:
775:
739:
707:
660:
634:
624:
595:
558:
492:
486:
480:
458:
452:
440:
428:
403:
322:
313:
240:
177:This article deals with counties in the former
160:
1413:), each of which was the responsibility of a
747:generálna kongregácia / stoličné zhromaždenie
415:(kráľovský) komitát / župa / hradské španstvo
343:), which was used by the Slavs living in the
291:
8:
1319:for minor disputes of the nobles and as the
1025:created the special administrative district
881:
855:
849:
824:
818:
793:
787:
781:
751:
745:
719:
713:
672:
666:
640:
607:
601:
570:
564:
522:
516:
510:
504:
498:
422:
413:
281:
166:; the earlier refers to the counties of the
1638:
1623:
1332:From the beginning of their existence, the
1324:
1310:
1288:
1282:
1276:
915:
837:
806:
769:
733:
701:
689:
654:
618:
589:
552:
474:
446:
434:
393:
367:
357:
267:
231:
221:
215:
191:. For counties of Hungary since 1950, see:
1184:was also borne by some dignitaries of the
1139:remained from the former royal counties.
951:Noble counties (late 13th century – 1848)
318:) of the same origin meaning borderland.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1207:From the 13th-14th century onwards, the
940:in the 12th century for the first time.
928:Each county was the responsibility of a
597:várispán / vármegyei ispán / megyésispán
131:
1693:
1676:and others). The county was led by the
1478:1st provisional arrangement (1849–1850)
1066:by legal articles III–V and XVI/ 1848.
485:(in the Middle Ages both, later mainly
27:Historic administration unit in Hungary
7:
1301:, and a number of persons appointed
69:"Counties of Hungary" 1000–1920
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1821:List of cities and towns of Hungary
1591:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
1267:(see below), and the courts of the
1841:Counties in the Kingdom of Hungary
1119:, who was simultaneously also the
25:
1427:In 1840, the deputy county head (
566:slúžnovský obvod/slúžnovský okres
473:: (13th century to 1848) Latin:
18:Counties of Hungary (before 1920)
1684:was also an important function.
376:Terminology in various languages
372:, is sometimes used in English.
181:from the 10th century until the
34:
1580:Modernised counties (1867–1920)
45:needs additional citations for
1743:The British and Foreign Review
1498:, in the remaining territory:
1043:) till the late 19th century.
943:The royal county consisted of
808:iurati assessores / iurassores
389:: (between 11th-13th century)
1:
1653:The main county body was the
1571:Transitory period (1860–1867)
1082:Transitory period (1785–1790)
405:vármegye/ megye / várispánság
1381:members and 8 elected noble
1169:(from the 15th century also
1005:Principality of Transylvania
398:(and other names), in later
1750:(XXI). London: Richard and
1180:Note that the formal title
521:(modernised county usually
138:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
1857:
1529:main district county heads
1451:State counties (1849–1860)
1405:turn, consisted of 2 to 6
1192:) and other nobles in the
982:) and thus became nobles:
883:Munizipalstadt/ Munizipium
871:törvényhatósági jogú város
771:iudices nobilium / iudlium
753:Komitatsgeneralversammlung
703:comes curialis / vicecomes
694:by the then Latin sources.
339:
272:(middle) through a common
262:
691:comes castri / castellani
308:
220:is derived from the word
721:Untergespan / Vizegespan
512:Gespanschaft / Komitat /
491:, from 1949 exclusively
1539:) and the districts by
1483:Under this regulation:
1470:established a military
1368:liberae regiae civitate
1317:court of first instance
1075:Josephinian Land Survey
789:Schöffen / Stuhlrichter
554:processus / reambulatio
349:
331:
256:
250:
245:is likely derived from
1639:
1624:
1325:
1311:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1200:, and it did not mean
1078:
916:
882:
876:
870:
856:
850:
844:
838:
825:
819:
813:
807:
794:
788:
782:
776:
770:
752:
746:
740:
734:
720:
714:
708:
702:
690:
673:
667:
661:
655:
641:
635:
625:
619:
608:
602:
596:
594:, in later Hungarian:
590:
571:
565:
559:
553:
540:
532:
523:
517:
511:
505:
499:
493:
487:
481:
475:
459:
453:
447:
441:
435:
429:
423:
414:
404:
394:
368:
358:
323:
314:
302:
292:
282:
268:
241:
232:
222:
216:
161:
153:
141:
1795:Subregions of Hungary
1559:(since July 1, 1860:
1375:congregatio generalis
1338:congregatio generalis
1297:, the (usually four)
1263:- developed into the
1072:
1050:, who were often the
1041:Confiniaria militaria
135:
1789:Districts of Hungary
1716:Paget (1840), p. 307
1615:Transylvanian Saxons
1531:, the counties by a
1461:1848-1849 Revolution
1255:. The judges of the
857:Unterstuhlrichter(?)
735:congregatio generali
603:hradský špán / župan
465:Stephen I of Hungary
54:improve this article
1784:Counties of Hungary
1655:municipal committee
1389:inquisitio communis
1261:iudices servientium
1209:deputy county heads
1154:) were the supreme
1028:Banatus Temesiensis
980:Golden Bull of 1222
964:The arrival of new
938:deputy county heads
832:Deputy noble judges
715:podžupan / vicišpán
609:Burggespan / Gespan
606:, in later German:
600:, in later Slovak:
560:(szolgabírói) járás
503:(modernised county
321:The Hungarian word
239:The Hungarian word
194:Counties of Hungary
1779:Regions of Hungary
1752:John Edward Taylor
1682:deputy county head
1667:deputy county head
1415:deputy noble judge
1295:deputy county head
1225:deputy county head
1079:
1064:Revolution of 1848
709:alispán / vicispán
700:and later: Latin:
680:Deputy county head
206:Origin of the name
179:Kingdom of Hungary
168:Kingdom of Hungary
142:
1700:Paget (1840), p.
1194:Early Middle Ages
1115:appointed by the
1104:main county heads
1037:Military Frontier
877:municipálne mesto
774:, Hungarian (pl)
439:) and those of a
183:Treaty of Trianon
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
1848:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1717:
1714:
1708:
1698:
1678:main county head
1642:
1627:
1328:
1326:sedes dominialis
1314:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1273:sedes iudiciaria
1271:- the so-called
1269:servientes regis
1259:- the so-called
1257:servientes regis
1236:
1229:
1204:in these cases.
1198:Late Middle Ages
1152:main county head
1117:Austrian emperor
991:in each county.
984:servientes regis
945:castle districts
919:
904:Carpathian Basin
885:
879:
873:
859:
853:
847:
841:
828:
822:
816:
810:
797:
791:
785:
779:
773:
755:
749:
743:
737:
728:General Assembly
723:
717:
711:
705:
693:
676:
670:
664:
658:
656:comes (supremus)
649:Main county head
644:
638:
631:Slavic languages
628:
622:
611:
605:
599:
593:
574:
568:
562:
556:
526:
520:
514:
508:
502:
496:
490:
484:
482:vármegye / megye
478:
462:
456:
450:
444:
438:
432:
426:
417:
407:
397:
371:
361:
352:
345:Carpathian Basin
342:
341:
336:
328:
317:
311:
310:
305:
295:
285:
271:
265:
264:
259:
253:
244:
235:
225:
219:
164:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1831:
1830:
1775:
1757:
1755:
1732:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1651:
1587:
1582:
1573:
1553:
1525:civil districts
1521:
1480:
1453:
1253:judicial sphere
1234:
1227:
1133:
1121:king of Hungary
1084:
1058:efforts of the
958:
953:
926:
902:settled in the
896:
891:
866:
834:
804:
766:
758:
730:
688:: mentioned as
682:
651:
582:
575:
549:
509:only), German:
448:comes civitatis
436:comes comitatus
383:
378:
364:
247:Southern Slavic
208:
203:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1854:
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1844:
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1520:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1488:
1479:
1476:
1452:
1449:
1353:Charles Robert
1349:noble autonomy
1315:served as the
1211:, and not the
1132:
1129:
1086:In 1785, king
1083:
1080:
1016:Torontaliensis
997:Ottoman Empire
988:
987:
976:
969:
957:
954:
952:
949:
925:
922:
912:King Stephen I
895:
892:
890:
887:
865:
864:Municipal town
862:
833:
830:
820:súdni prísažní
803:
800:
780:, Slovak (pl)
765:
762:
729:
726:
725:
724:
695:
681:
678:
659:, Hungarian:
650:
647:
646:
645:
623:, Hungarian:
612:
581:
578:
548:
545:
544:
543:
500:stolica / župa
468:
382:
379:
377:
374:
363:
355:
298:Serbo-Croatian
207:
204:
202:
199:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
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2:
1853:
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1838:
1836:
1827:
1824:
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1805:(until 1920)
1804:
1801:
1796:
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1787:
1785:
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1777:
1776:
1772:
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1608:
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1596:
1592:
1584:
1579:
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1568:
1566:
1565:commissioners
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1199:
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1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1022:Krassoviensis
1018:
1017:
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1011:
1006:
1002:
998:
992:
985:
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905:
901:
893:
888:
886:
884:
878:
872:
863:
861:
858:
852:
846:
845:alszolgabírák
842:, Hungarian:
840:
831:
829:
827:
821:
815:
811:, Hungarian:
809:
801:
799:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
763:
761:
756:
754:
748:
742:
738:, Hungarian:
736:
727:
722:
718:, in German:
716:
710:
706:, Hungarian:
704:
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687:
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621:
616:
613:
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604:
598:
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587:
584:
583:
579:
577:
573:
567:
561:
557:, Hungarian:
555:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
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519:
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489:
483:
477:
472:
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327:
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284:
279:
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274:Indo-European
270:
258:
252:
248:
243:
237:
234:
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218:
213:
205:
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196:
195:
190:
189:
184:
180:
175:
173:
169:
165:
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157:
156:
151:
147:
140:) around 1880
139:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1797:(until 2013)
1791:(from 2013)
1756:. Retrieved
1747:
1741:
1727:
1724:Bibliography
1712:
1696:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1666:
1654:
1652:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1622:
1619:
1611:Székely Land
1606:
1603:
1595:Transylvania
1588:
1574:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1545:Stuhlrichter
1544:
1541:noble judges
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1481:
1472:dictatorship
1454:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
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1419:
1414:
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1397:
1388:
1382:
1378:
1374:
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1367:
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1348:
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1337:
1334:noble judges
1333:
1331:
1306:
1299:noble judges
1298:
1294:
1272:
1268:
1265:noble judges
1264:
1260:
1252:
1250:
1243:
1231:
1224:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1190:comes curiae
1189:
1181:
1179:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1113:commissioner
1112:
1103:
1085:
1056:absolutistic
1051:
1045:
1040:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1003:) or of the
993:
989:
959:
944:
942:
937:
929:
927:
897:
867:
835:
805:
795:Stuhlrichter
767:
764:Noble judges
757:
731:
698:Noble county
697:
686:Royal county
685:
668:hlavný župan
652:
615:Noble county
614:
586:Royal county
585:
550:
524:Gespanschaft
471:Noble county
470:
387:Royal county
386:
365:
320:
238:
230:, the title
209:
201:Nomenclature
192:
186:
176:
159:
154:
145:
143:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1734:Paget, John
1649:Functioning
1445:Vicegespann
1441:Obergespann
1433:Vicegespann
1232:county head
1213:county head
1144:county head
1137:county head
1131:Functioning
1010:Temesiensis
930:county head
924:Functioning
868:Hungarian:
826:Geschworene
777:szolgabírák
712:, Slovak:
580:County head
572:Stuhlbezirk
497:), Slovak:
460:várispánság
442:várispánság
418:, in later
408:, in later
228:Middle Ages
110:August 2021
1688:References
1663:ex officio
1593:, in 1868
1589:After the
1492:Bratislava
1437:Vizegespan
1125:Leopold II
1031:(Temeswar
900:Hungarians
880:, German:
874:, Slovak:
854:, German:
848:, Slovak:
817:, Slovak:
786:, German
750:, German:
744:, Slovak:
674:Obergespan
671:, German:
665:, Slovak:
639:, German:
569:, German:
563:, Slovak:
518:Grafschaft
445:(led by a
433:(led by a
362:vs. county
80:newspapers
1754:: 274–324
1702:304 (PDF)
1665:members (
1640:processus
1625:processus
1543:(German:
1468:Habsburgs
1401:processus
1361:oligarchs
1240:castellan
1221:treasurer
1163:castellan
1088:Joseph II
1048:oligarchs
973:Andrew II
851:podslúžni
839:viceiudex
823:, German
741:közgyűlés
617:: Latin:
588:: Latin:
515:(rarely)
476:comitatus
400:Hungarian
369:comitatus
359:Comitatus
288:Slovenian
217:comitatus
150:Hungarian
1835:Category
1773:See also
1736:(1840).
1537:Vorstand
1535:(German:
1533:chairman
1465:Austrian
1409:(Latin:
1407:circuits
1245:provisor
1217:palatine
1171:seculars
1167:prelates
1100:Slavonia
1092:autonomy
1060:Habsburg
1052:de facto
966:hospites
917:marchiae
908:Pannonia
814:esküdtek
547:District
533:županija
529:Croatian
488:vármegye
454:vármegye
430:vármegye
402: :
155:vármegye
1826:NUTS:HU
1758:20 July
1609:of the
1585:History
1459:in the
1457:Magyars
1431:, Ger.
1429:alispán
1411:circuli
1357:Louis I
1342:squires
1287:). The
1188:(e. g.
1175:diocese
1096:Croatia
956:History
894:History
836:Latin:
792:(later
768:Latin:
732:Latin:
662:főispán
653:Latin:
551:Latin:
541:comitat
315:mezsgye
172:Hungary
94:scholar
1706:(HTML)
1673:notary
1659:census
1599:Rijeka
1512:Oradea
1500:Sopron
1496:Košice
1463:, the
1384:jurors
1379:sedria
1321:appeal
1312:sedria
1307:jurors
1303:ad hoc
1290:sedria
1284:sedria
1278:sedria
1156:feudal
1109:German
1033:Banate
802:Jurors
798:only)
783:slúžni
642:Gespan
537:French
420:German
410:Slovak
381:County
296:), in
286:), in
278:Slovak
269:medius
146:county
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1671:main
1607:seats
1422:Latin
1393:curia
1235:'
1228:'
1202:count
1186:Court
1182:comes
1159:lords
1148:comes
1001:Turks
999:(the
636:župan
626:ispán
620:comes
494:megye
391:Latin
350:župan
340:жупан
333:župan
325:ispán
283:medza
251:medja
242:megye
233:comes
223:comes
214:word
212:Latin
162:megye
101:JSTOR
87:books
1766:here
1760:2021
1704:and
1661:and
1613:and
1508:Buda
1504:Pest
1355:and
1098:and
1019:and
934:king
898:The
527:),
506:župa
309:међа
303:međa
300:(as
293:meja
290:(as
280:(as
263:међа
257:međa
210:The
73:news
1547:).
1435:or
1329:).
1275:or
158:or
56:by
1837::
1748:XI
1746:.
1740:.
1669:,
1510:,
1502:,
1494:,
1424:.
1417:.
1344:.
1219:,
1177:.
1013:,
947:.
860:.
633::
629:,
539::
535:,
531::
412::
306:,
260:,
197:.
174:.
152::
144:A
1768:.
1762:.
1506:-
1146:(
1039:(
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337:(
254:(
148:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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