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190:. By 1907, country clubs were claimed to be “the very essence of American upper-class.” The number of country clubs increased greatly with industrialization, the rise in incomes, and suburbanization in the 1920s. During the 1920s, country clubs acted as community social centers. When people lost most of their income and net worth during the
174:
Country clubs can be exclusive organizations. In small towns, membership in the country club is often not as exclusive or expensive as in larger cities where there is competition for a limited number of memberships. In addition to the fees, some clubs have additional requirements to join. For
276:, who granted royal status to a handful of country clubs. Most country clubs in Spain are typically associated with the upper classes, and were conceived around a central sport such as golf, polo or tennis, although some of them did eventually offer other sports. Examples include
175:
example, membership can be limited to those who reside in a particular housing community. Early clubs focused primarily on equestrian-related sports: coaching, racing, jumping, polo, and foxhunting. In the 1980s, the nationwide interest shifted more towards golf.
217:, the PGA refused to hold tournaments at private clubs that practiced racial discrimination. This new regulation led to the admittance of black people at private clubs. The incident at Shoal Creek is comparable to the
300:
for example. The most notable difference between
Spanish and American country clubs is that the former are not normally located in the countryside but either within a city or town itself or in the outskirts at most.
511:
1162:
489:
Simon, Roger D. “Country Clubs.” In The
Encyclopedia of American Urban History, edited by David R. Goldfield, 193-94. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2007. doi: 10.4135/9781412952620.n110.
477:
Wray
Vamplew, “Sharing Space: Inclusion, Exclusion and Accommodation at the British Golf Club before 1914” Journal of Sport and Social Issues 34, no. 359 (2010): 359, doi: 10.1177/0193723510377327.
1612:
288:, Real Sociedad de Golf de Neguri, Real Club Pineda etc. Many of them are also located in those cities or towns that hosted the summer vacations of the royal family. Such is the case of
142:
Country clubs are most commonly located in city outskirts or suburbs, due to the requirement of having substantial grounds for outdoor activities, which distinguishes them from an urban
1548:
256:
1588:
135:. Where golf is the principal or sole sporting activity, and especially outside of the United States and Canada, it is common for a country club to be referred to simply as a
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53:
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In the United
Kingdom, many country clubs are smaller than those in the USA though examples similar in size and scope to the American country club also exist.
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1635:
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1753:
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804:"Los clubs históricos españoles más exclusivos: desde el favorito de Alfonso XIII para jugar al tenis al que provocó el flechazo de Máxima y Guillermo"
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Historically, many country clubs were "restricted" and refused to admit members of specific racial, ethnic or religious groups such as
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Similar to the United States, Spain has had a tradition of country clubs as a pillar of social life. This began during the reign of
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119:, often with a membership quota and admittance by invitation or sponsorship, that generally offers both a variety of recreational
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in
Britain—many of which admit women while remaining socially exclusive—fill many roles of the United States' country clubs.
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384:
560:
Jennifer Jolly-Ryan, “Chipping Away at
Discrimination at the Country Club,” Pepperdine Law Review 25, no. 495 (1998): 496,
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31:
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Jennifer Jolly-Ryan, “Chipping Away at
Discrimination at the Country Club,” Pepperdine Law Review 25, no. 495 (1998): 2
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601:"The Key to Unlocking the Clubhouse Door: The Application of Antidiscrimination Laws to Quasi-Private Clubs"
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http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/pepplr25&div=37&g_sent=1&collection=journals
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http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/pepplr25&div=37&g_sent=1&collection=journals
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1307:
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2048:
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742:"Clubs deportivos de España: donde la gente influyente se enamora, hace negocios y pasa su tiempo libre"
363:
Country clubs exist in multiple forms, including athletic-based clubs and golf clubs. Examples are the
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and first appeared in the US in the early 1880s. Country clubs had a profound effect on expanding
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is the oldest organized country club in the United States devoted to playing games, while
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139:. Many country clubs offer other new activities such as pickle ball, and platform tennis.
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194:, the number of country clubs decreased drastically for lack of membership funding.
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600:
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lawsuits forced clubs to drop exclusionary policies. In a 1990 landmark ruling at
661:
Mayo, James M. (1998). "The
American Country Club: An Evolving Elite Landscape".
186:
Country Club was founded in 1882 and is esteemed to be the nation’s first by the
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Private club typically offering recreational sports and entertainment facilities
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463:. Oxford Dictionaries – Dictionary, Thesaurus, & Grammar. Archived from
395:
In Japan, almost all golf clubs are called "Country Clubs" by their owners.
123:
and facilities for dining and entertaining. Typical athletic offerings are
17:
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379:, the Castle Hill Country Club, the Gold Coast Polo & Country Club,
847:"Castle Hill Country Club – One of Sydney's premier private golf clubs"
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261:
221:, which led to the end of racial discrimination in college basketball.
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2006:
376:
128:
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350:
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767:"El club social, nacimiento y supervivencia del ocio exclusivo"
272:
and was consolidated during the reign of his son and successor
1068:
36:
1163:
Professional
Golfers' Association (Great Britain and Ireland)
52:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
526:"Country Club Membership Cost - Updated 2023 - The Pricer"
790:
914:
831:. Breakfast Point Community Association. Archived from
61:
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343:
are sporting or social clubs across the subcontinent.
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317:are still active in major cities, for example the
721:"The Country Club Brookline | Membership Cost"
697:"2015 PNC headed to Philadelphia Cricket Club"
663:Journal of Architectural and Planning Research
930:
410:Membership discrimination in California clubs
50:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1168:Professional Golfers' Association of America
896:Espinosa de los Monteros, Patricia (2020).
573:Gritz, Jennie Rothenberg (September 2007).
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1195:American Society of Golf Course Architects
937:
923:
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503:
501:
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157:and are considered to be the precursor to
260:Tennis being played at Real Golf Club de
88:Learn how and when to remove this message
874:Boosterstek, Boosterstek (15 May 2024).
99:
829:"Breakfast Point Community Association"
514:. American Heritage 41, no.6 (1990): 75
439:. Sage Publications. pp. 192–193.
436:Encyclopaedia of American Urban History
420:
188:Encyclopaedia of American Urban History
385:Sanctuary Cove Golf & Country Club
290:Real Sociedad de Tenis de la Magdalena
7:
605:Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
428:
426:
424:
373:Terrey Hills Golf & Country Club
236:is the oldest club devoted to golf.
636:Washington University Law Quarterly
2061:Albatrosses in notable tournaments
1601:Women's major championship winners
1423:European Ladies' Team Championship
1418:European Amateur Team Championship
381:The Heritage Golf and Country Club
25:
1613:Senior major championship winners
861:"Welcome to Elanora Country Club"
632:"Discrimination by Private Clubs"
215:Shoal Creek Golf and Country Club
1589:Men's major championship winners
383:, Elanora Country Club, and the
278:Real Club de la Puerta de Hierro
41:
630:Buss, William G. (1989-01-01).
219:1966 NCAA basketball tournament
1200:World Golf Teachers Federation
1158:United States Golf Association
359:at an Australian country club.
286:Real Club de Polo de Barcelona
178:Country clubs were founded by
1:
1148:International Golf Federation
791:Espinosa de los Monteros 2020
369:Cumberland Grove Country Club
282:Club de Campo Villa de Madrid
32:Country club (disambiguation)
365:Breakfast Point Country Club
149:Country clubs originated in
2288:High society (social class)
1346:Senior Players Championship
849:. Castle Hill Country Club.
599:Frank, Sally (1994-01-01).
182:between 1880 and 1930. The
64:, discuss the issue on the
2314:
898:Clubs Históricos de España
29:
2242:
2034:R&A World Golf Museum
2017:Evans Scholars Foundation
433:Goldfield, David (2007).
226:Philadelphia Cricket Club
209:. Beginning in the 1960s
1374:U.S. Senior Women's Open
1369:Senior LPGA Championship
1351:Senior Open Championship
1303:Women's PGA Championship
1293:The Chevron Championship
876:"what is a country club"
524:POW, Alec (March 2023),
234:Brookline, Massachusetts
170:United States and Canada
107:in Oregon, United States
2029:World Golf Hall of Fame
1336:Senior PGA Championship
1173:Professional golf tours
863:. Elanora Country Club.
313:established during the
2273:Golf clubs and courses
1308:The Evian Championship
360:
265:
108:
2223:Travel + Leisure Golf
1413:Espirito Santo Trophy
1258:The Open Championship
900:. Ediciones El Viso.
575:"The Jews in America"
354:
296:or Real Golf Club de
259:
115:is a privately owned
105:Waverley Country Club
103:
2234:JTBC Golf&Sports
2044:Jack Nicklaus Museum
1708:Granted Royal status
1651:Ladies European Tour
1641:European Senior Tour
1313:Women's British Open
70:create a new article
62:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
2293:Upper class culture
2283:Clubs and societies
2012:Caddie Hall of Fame
1519:Youth Olympic Games
1499:Mediterranean Games
1428:International Crown
508:Gordon, John Steele
405:Jewish country club
305:Indian subcontinent
1770:Robert Trent Jones
1671:PGA Tour Champions
1656:LPGA of Japan Tour
1514:Summer Universiade
1509:Pan American Games
1489:Inter-Allied Games
1236:Masters Tournament
512:“The Country Club”
361:
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180:upper-class elites
109:
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1797:
1790:A. W. Tillinghast
1618:Olympic medalists
1527:
1526:
1472:Multi-sport event
1408:Eisenhower Trophy
1382:
1381:
1298:U.S. Women's Open
1188:PGA European Tour
907:978-84-12084-62-7
467:on June 10, 2008.
446:978-0-7619-2884-3
311:gentlemen's clubs
246:Gentlemen’s clubs
203:African Americans
98:
97:
90:
72:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
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2066:Open tournaments
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1341:U.S. Senior Open
1248:PGA Championship
1241:Augusta National
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835:on 2015-07-08.
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461:"Country club"
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56:of the subject
54:worldwide view
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2195:Golf Magazine
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2175:personalities
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2134:Shotgun start
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2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2049:Lowest rounds
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:Miscellaneous
1988:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:United States
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1780:Jack Nicklaus
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1636:European Tour
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1504:Pacific Games
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1387:International
1385:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1331:The Tradition
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:organizations
1137:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1125:Driving range
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1042:teeing ground
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
957:
955:
951:
947:
940:
935:
933:
928:
926:
921:
920:
917:
909:
903:
899:
894:
893:
889:
881:
877:
870:
867:
862:
856:
853:
848:
842:
839:
834:
830:
824:
821:
809:
805:
799:
796:
793:, p. 10.
792:
787:
784:
772:
768:
762:
759:
747:
743:
737:
734:
722:
716:
713:
702:
698:
692:
689:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
657:
654:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
626:
623:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
595:
592:
580:
576:
569:
566:
563:
557:
554:
551:
545:
542:
531:
527:
520:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
500:
498:
496:
492:
486:
484:
480:
474:
471:
466:
462:
456:
453:
448:
442:
438:
437:
429:
427:
425:
421:
415:
411:
408:
406:
403:
402:
398:
396:
390:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
358:
353:
346:
344:
342:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
304:
302:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
263:
258:
251:
249:
247:
239:
237:
235:
231:
227:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
169:
164:
162:
161:development.
160:
156:
152:
147:
145:
144:athletic club
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
106:
102:
92:
89:
81:
78:December 2020
71:
67:
63:
57:
55:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2298:Golf culture
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2170:Golf Channel
2104:Hickory golf
2024:Greenskeeper
1689:golf courses
1579:Male golfers
1494:Island Games
1218:Triple Crown
1115:Country club
1114:
897:
890:Bibliography
879:
869:
855:
841:
833:the original
823:
812:. Retrieved
810:(in Spanish)
807:
798:
786:
775:. Retrieved
773:(in Spanish)
770:
761:
750:. Retrieved
748:(in Spanish)
745:
736:
725:. Retrieved
723:. 2022-06-09
715:
704:. Retrieved
700:
691:
669:(1): 24–44.
666:
662:
656:
639:
635:
625:
611:(1): 27–81.
608:
604:
594:
582:. Retrieved
579:The Atlantic
578:
568:
556:
544:
533:, retrieved
529:
519:
473:
465:the original
455:
435:
394:
362:
339:
309:Many of the
308:
274:Alfonso XIII
267:
243:
223:
211:civil rights
196:
187:
177:
173:
148:
141:
136:
113:country club
112:
110:
84:
75:
51:
18:Country Club
2229:Video games
2188:Golf Digest
2109:Indoor golf
2039:USGA Museum
1830:Philippines
1785:Donald Ross
1763:by designer
1739:Philippines
1484:Asian Games
1443:Solheim Cup
1153:The R&A
1099:Instruction
1032:Golf course
985:stroke play
880:Boosterstek
808:Vanity Fair
357:beer garden
335:Bengal Club
315:British Raj
270:Alfonso XII
2278:Polo clubs
2262:Categories
2202:Golf World
2154:Urban golf
2149:Speed golf
2139:Skins game
2114:Long drive
2084:Beach golf
2076:Variations
2054:Furyk's 58
2002:Architects
1717:by country
1696:by feature
1626:Asian Tour
1622:Most wins
1452:World Cup
1448:Walker Cup
1403:Curtis Cup
1273:Claret Jug
1213:Grand Slam
1108:Facilities
1087:Golf swing
1059:golf clubs
1010:Stableford
990:match play
814:2022-07-06
777:2022-07-06
752:2022-07-08
727:2023-12-20
706:2018-01-17
584:14 January
530:The Pricer
416:References
331:Nizam Club
2144:Snow golf
2124:Park golf
2099:GolfCross
2089:Disc golf
1886:2000–2003
1881:1945–1999
1876:1851–1945
1871:1353–1850
1810:Australia
1803:Countries
1661:LPGA Tour
1438:Ryder Cup
1253:U.S. Open
1139:Governing
1120:Golf club
1080:Technical
1064:golf ball
1054:Equipment
1020:penalties
1000:foursomes
995:four-ball
980:etiquette
675:0738-0895
648:2166-8000
617:1095-8835
347:Australia
341:Gymkhanas
207:Catholics
184:Brookline
165:By nation
137:golf club
66:talk page
2247:Category
2209:Golfweek
2094:Footgolf
1845:Thailand
1840:Scotland
1744:Portugal
1687:Lists of
1666:PGA Tour
1532:Rankings
1183:PGA Tour
1130:Pro shop
1025:playoffs
1015:handicap
965:Glossary
953:Overview
683:43030441
399:See also
151:Scotland
133:swimming
60:You may
1825:Ireland
1729:Iceland
1571:Golfers
1561:Amateur
1461:Women's
1047:hazards
1005:scoring
970:Outline
960:History
701:PGA.com
535:11 July
294:Pedreña
2182:GolfTV
2007:Caddie
1997:Awards
1835:Russia
1749:Sweden
1724:Canada
1549:top 10
1389:events
1323:Senior
1263:venues
1209:Majors
904:
681:
673:
646:
615:
443:
377:Sydney
333:, and
298:Zarauz
264:, 1916
262:Zarauz
131:, and
129:tennis
121:sports
2216:Links
2163:Media
1864:Years
1855:Wales
1820:India
1815:China
1734:India
1703:Links
1556:Women
1544:No 1s
1456:Men's
1285:Women
1092:drive
1037:links
975:Rules
679:JSTOR
642:(3).
391:Japan
252:Spain
68:, or
1981:2022
1976:2021
1971:2020
1966:2019
1961:2018
1956:2017
1951:2016
1946:2015
1941:2014
1936:2013
1931:2012
1926:2011
1921:2010
1916:2009
1911:2008
1906:2007
1901:2006
1896:2005
1891:2004
1396:Team
1178:LPGA
946:Golf
902:ISBN
671:ISSN
644:ISSN
613:ISSN
586:2019
537:2023
441:ISBN
371:and
224:The
205:and
199:Jews
125:golf
117:club
1539:Men
1228:Men
1069:tee
771:ABC
746:ABC
375:in
232:in
2264::
878:.
806:.
769:.
744:.
699:.
677:.
667:15
665:.
640:67
638:.
634:.
607:.
603:.
577:.
528:,
510:,
494:^
482:^
423:^
387:.
367:,
355:A
337:.
329:,
325:,
321:,
284:,
280:,
201:,
146:.
127:,
111:A
1220:)
1215:,
1211:(
938:e
931:t
924:v
910:.
882:.
817:.
780:.
755:.
730:.
709:.
685:.
650:.
619:.
609:2
588:.
449:.
91:)
85:(
80:)
76:(
58:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
