208:
45:
144:, which established institutions for poor and for criminally insane, mentally ill people. The institutions were called asylums and they gave refuge where mental illness could receive proper treatment. The first asylum owing to the County Asylums Act opened at Northampton in 1811. By 1827 however only nine county asylums had opened and many patients were still in gaol as prisoners and criminals. As a consequence of this slow progress the Lunacy Act 1845 created the Lunacy Commission to focus on lunacy legislation. The Act was championed by
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members of the commission that were full-time and salaried were made up of three members of the legal system and three members of the medical community. The other five members of the commission were all honorary members that simply had to attend board meetings. The duty of the
Commission was to establish and carry out the provisions of the Act.
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The Lunacy Act 1845 was passed through
Parliament simultaneously with the County Asylums Act 1845. The two acts were dependent on each other. The Lunacy Act established the Lunacy Commission and the County Asylums Act set forth most of the provisions as to what was to be monitored within the asylums
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Some of the inspections conducted by the Lunacy
Commission involved inspecting workhouses where the commission would often find mentally unhealthy children and press for them to be removed. However, many of the asylums were hesitant to admit children. Because of this, some children were admitted
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Shaftesbury was the head of the commission from its founding in 1845 until his death in 1885. The Lunacy
Commission was made up of eleven Metropolitan Commissioners. The commission was monumental as it was not only a full-time commission, but it was also salaried for six of its members. The six
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The commission had many roles in carrying out the act. It established a network of public county institutions. It monitored the conditions in the asylums and the treatment of the patients. It made a point of reaching out to patients in workhouses and prisons and getting them to the proper
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institutions where they could be treated. It also focused on "single lunatics" who were not connected with any prisons or workhouse but needed psychiatric care. It monitored the treatment and mental condition of patients whom the commission could not remove from prisons and workhouses.
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When the Lunacy Act was passed in 1845, there were many questions raised about what to do with children in poor mental health. Insane children were more common than is commonly appreciated. The confusion arose because the Act gave no age limits on patients in the asylums.
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The importance of these two acts together is that they consolidated lunacy law in
England. However, no legislation has ever combined the entirety of lunacy law. Both of these acts were the basis for lunacy law in England until 1890 when both of them were repealed by the
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and helped establish the public network of the county asylums. Like the Lunacy Act, there had been several drafts of this act passed before 1845 and several afterward as well. The most notable of these were the
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Adair, Forsythe, and
Melling: "'A Proper Lunatic for Two Years': Pauper Lunatic Children in Victorian and Edwardian England. Child Admissions to the Devon County Asylum, 1845–1914",
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180:(s.42). Under the Act, patients lost their right of access to the courts to challenge their detention. Detention could only be reviewed by the commissioners or county visitors.
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An Act to amend the Laws for the
Provision and Regulation of Lunatic Asylums for Counties and Boroughs, and for the Maintenance and Care of Pauper Lunatics, in England.
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Unsworth, Clive."Law and Lunacy in
Psychiatry's 'Golden Age'", Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. Vol. 13, No. 4. (Winter, 1993), pp. 482.
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under the guise that they were in urgent need of help and constituted a serious danger to themselves and others.
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c. 97). The Lunacy Act itself was amended several times after its conception, including by the
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176:, to be registered with the commission, to have written regulations and to have a resident
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from 1845 to 1890. The Lunacy Act's most important provision was a change in the status of
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Prior to the Lunacy Act, lunacy legislation in
England was enshrined in the
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Acts of the
Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning England and Wales
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280:. Both of these versions were repealed by the County Asylums Act 1853.
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An Act for the Regulation of the Care and Treatment of Lunatics.
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3113:Mental health legal history of the United Kingdom
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676:Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency
321:List of asylums commissioned in England and Wales
609:Mental Deficiency and Lunacy (Scotland) Act 1913
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146:Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury
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356:Wright, David: "Mental Health Timeline", 1999
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172:(s.3). The Act required asylums, other than
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533:Irish Lunatic Asylums for the Poor Act 1817
401:, Vol. 31, No. 2. (Winter, 1997), pp. 371,
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417:Adair, Forsythe, and Melling, 1997, pp.373
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697:Diminished responsibility in English law
650:Mental Health (Discrimination) Act 2013
479:Mental health law in the United Kingdom
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2979:Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly
7:
3050:United Kingdom statutory instruments
671:Commissioners in Lunacy for Scotland
528:Criminal Lunatics Amendment Act 1815
588:Lunacy (Vacating of Seats) Act 1886
558:Chancery Lunatics Property Act 1828
437:Table of Statutes on Mental Health
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702:Fixated Threat Assessment Centre
292:Children and the Lunacy Act 1845
213:Parliament of the United Kingdom
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50:Parliament of the United Kingdom
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2951:Acts of the Scottish Parliament
429:Web pages by Andrew Roberts at
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274:Lunatic Asylums, etc. Act 1846
1:
3072:Church of England instruments
751:Pre-parliamentary legislation
523:Madhouses (Scotland) Act 1815
518:Marriage of Lunatics Act 1811
782:the Kingdom of Great Britain
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604:Mental Deficiency Act 1913
578:Lunacy (Scotland) Act 1857
508:Criminal Lunatics Act 1800
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29:United Kingdom legislation
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614:Mental Treatment Act 1930
543:Lunacy (Ireland) Act 1821
398:Journal of Social History
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1727:of the United Kingdom of
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758:List of English statutes
640:Mental Capacity Act 2005
538:Pauper Lunatics Act 1819
347:Unsworth, 1993, pp. 482.
278:Lunatic Asylums Act 1847
266:Lunatic Asylums Act 1853
160:The Act established the
1196:Interregnum (1642–1660)
666:Commissioners in Lunacy
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548:County Asylums Act 1828
513:County Asylums Act 1808
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188:County Asylums Act 1845
162:Commissioners in Lunacy
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110:County Asylums Act 1845
18:County Asylums Act 1845
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624:Mental Health Act 1983
619:Mental Health Act 1959
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378:The Lunacy Commission
164:to inspect plans for
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763:Charter of Liberties
431:Middlesex University
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118:mental health law
102:Lunatics Act 1845
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3009:1994 to date
2944:institutions
2903:1972 to date
2879:Short titles
2866:
1695:Acts of the
1194:
811:
633:21st century
597:20th century
572:
501:19th century
485:18th century
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368:Wright, 1999
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249:Royal assent
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126:mentally ill
101:
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86:Royal assent
26:
768:Magna Carta
3087:Categories
2892:(formerly
221:Long title
156:Provisions
136:Background
128:people to
58:Long title
1715:1751–1800
1710:1701–1750
1506:1760–1764
1501:1755–1759
1496:1750–1754
1491:1745–1749
1486:1740–1744
1481:1735–1739
1476:1730–1734
1471:1725–1729
1466:1720–1724
1461:1715–1719
838:1422–1460
833:1413–1421
828:1399–1411
823:1377–1397
818:1327–1376
806:1308–1325
801:1275–1307
796:1225–1267
178:physician
2942:devolved
2919:measures
381:Archived
305:See also
276:and the
264:and the
231:Citation
130:patients
68:Citation
1705:to 1700
1397:to 1707
166:asylums
100:or the
238:c. 126
75:c. 100
690:Other
327:Notes
243:Dates
80:Dates
3018:for
2984:List
2972:List
2965:and
2956:List
2926:List
2859:2024
2854:2023
2849:2022
2844:2021
2839:2020
2834:2019
2829:2018
2824:2017
2819:2016
2814:2015
2809:2014
2804:2013
2799:2012
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2789:2010
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2018:1857
2013:1856
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1606:1784
1601:1783
1596:1782
1591:1781
1586:1780
1581:1779
1576:1778
1571:1777
1566:1776
1561:1775
1556:1774
1551:1773
1546:1772
1541:1771
1536:1770
1531:1769
1526:1768
1521:1767
1516:1766
1511:1765
1456:1714
1451:1713
1446:1712
1441:1711
1436:1710
1431:1709
1426:1708
1421:1707
1381:1706
1376:1705
1371:1704
1366:1703
1361:1702
1356:1701
1351:1700
1346:1698
1341:1697
1336:1696
1331:1695
1326:1694
1321:1693
1316:1692
1311:1691
1306:1690
1294:1689
1289:1688
1284:1685
1279:1680
1267:1679
1262:1678
1257:1677
1252:1675
1247:1672
1242:1670
1237:1667
1232:1666
1227:1665
1222:1664
1217:1663
1212:1662
1207:1661
1202:1660
1190:1640
1178:1627
1173:1625
1168:1623
1163:1620
1158:1609
1153:1606
1148:1605
1143:1603
1138:1601
1133:1597
1128:1592
1123:1588
1118:1586
1113:1584
1108:1580
1103:1575
1098:1572
1093:1571
1088:1566
1083:1562
1078:1558
1073:1557
1068:1555
1063:1554
1058:1553
1053:1551
1048:1549
1043:1548
1038:1547
1033:1546
1028:1545
1023:1543
1018:1542
1013:1541
1008:1540
1003:1539
998:1536
993:1535
988:1534
983:1533
978:1532
973:1531
968:1530
963:1529
958:1523
953:1515
948:1514
943:1513
938:1512
933:1511
928:1509
923:1503
918:1496
913:1495
908:1491
903:1488
898:1487
893:1485
888:1483
883:1482
878:1477
873:1474
868:1472
863:1468
858:1467
853:1464
848:1463
843:1461
96:The
403:doi
120:in
3089::
433::
361:^
288:.
148:.
132:.
2896:)
736:e
729:t
722:v
472:e
465:t
458:v
405::
268:(
112:(
104:(
20:)
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