Caithness - Knowledge

1768: 693: 1057: 2196: 1776: 732:, published in 1852. He refined the system somewhat in later volumes, but the vice-counties remain unaffected by subsequent local government re-organisations, allowing more accurate comparisons of historical and modern data. They provide a stable basis for recording using similarly sized units, and, although grid-based reporting has grown in popularity, they remain a standard in the vast majority of ecological surveys, allowing data collected over long periods of time to be compared easily. 5924: 1305: 141: 74: 2406:"Persons with a knowledge of Gaelic in the County of Caithness (in 1911) are found to number 1,685, and to constitute 6.7 per cent of the entire population of three years of age and upwards. Of these 1,248 were born in Caithness, 273 in Sutherland, 77 in Ross & Cromarty, and 87 elsewhere.... By an examination of the age distribution of the Gaelic speakers, it is found that only 22 of them are less than 20 years of age." 91: 161: 1760: 1269:. Each of the other ward management areas within the corporate management area consists of a single ward. In 2017 the three Caithness wards were reduced to two 'Town and County' wards, each returning four members to the Highland Council, this was a reduction of two Councillors from the last election in 2012. The new wards are Thurso and Northwest Caithness and Wick and East Caithness. 525: 1272:

Since 4 May 2017 Caithness has been represented by four Independent Councillors, two Scottish Conservative Councillors and two Scottish National Party Councillors. The current Chairman of the Caithness Committee is Donnie Mackay (Independent) and the Civic Leader position is held by A.I Willie Mackay

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The modern constituencies may be seen as more sub-divisions of the Highland area than as representative of counties (and burghs). For its own purposes, however, the Highland Council uses more conservative sub-divisions, with names which refer back to the era of district councils and, in some cases,

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Caithness extends about 30 miles (48 km) north-south and about 30 miles (48 km) east-west, with a roughly triangular-shaped area of about 712 sq mi (1,840 km). The topography is generally flat, in contrast to the majority of the remainder of the North of Scotland. Until the

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In 1999, however, ward boundaries were redrawn but management area boundaries were not. As a result, area committees were named after and made decisions for areas which they did not exactly represent. The new Caithness committee area, consisting of ten out of the 80 new Highland Council wards, did

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The underlying geology, harsh climate, and long history of human occupation have shaped the natural heritage of Caithness. Today a diverse landscape incorporates both common and rare habitats and species, and Caithness provides a stronghold for many once common breeding species that have undergone

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was introduced to Caithness, Orkney, and Shetland by the Norse occupation, which is generally proposed to be c. AD 800. Although little is known of that Norn dialect, some of this linguistic influence still exists in parts of the county, particularly in place names. Norn continued to be spoken in

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Caithness was restored to being a shire in 1641. The shire of Caithness created in 1641 just covered the earldom of Caithness; Sutherland had been made its own shire in 1633. In 1641, parliament declared Wick the head burgh of the shire of Caithness and the Earl of Caithness became the heritable

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According to the 2011 Scotland Census, 282 (1.1%) residents of Caithness age three and over can speak Gaelic while 466 (1.8%) have some facility with the language. The percentage figures are almost exactly the same as for all of Scotland (1.1% and 1.7%, respectively). Nearly half of all Gaelic

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New wards were created for elections this year, 2007, polling on 3 May and, as the wards became effective for representational purposes, the Highland Council's management and committee structures were reorganised. The Caithness management area and the Caithness area committee were therefore

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to Thurso, these on the Eastside of it speak most part English, and those on the Westside Irish; and the last have Ministers to preach to them in both languages." Similarly, it is stated at that time that there were "Seven parishes in Caithness where the Irish language is used."

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Civil parishes are still used for some statistical purposes, and separate census figures are published for them. As their areas have been largely unchanged since the nineteenth century this allows for comparison of population figures over an extended period of time.

1250:. One ward elects four councillors. Each of the other two elects three councillors. Also, the council's eight management areas were abolished, in favour of three new corporate management areas, with Caithness becoming a ward management area within the council's new 2346:

speakers seem to first figure in the early stage of the Scandinavian colonisation of Caithness, gradually increasing in numerical significance from the 12th century onwards. Gaelic has survived, in a limited form, in western parts of the county.

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In the cases of two of the parishes, Thurso and Wick, each includes a burgh with the same name as the parish. For civil administration purposes each of these parishes was divided between the burgh and the landward (rural) area of the parish.

2403:"A presbytery minute of 1727 says of 1,600 people who had 'come of age', 1500 could speak Gaelic only, and a mere five could read. Gaelic at this time was the principal language in most parishes except Bower, Canisbay, Dunnet and Olrig". 1126:. Less than two years later, in 1977, Tongue and Farr were transferred to the Sutherland district, after which the district covered the same area as the pre-1975 county. Caithness was one of eight districts in the Highland region. 395:

called Caithness covering the same area as the earldom was created in 1641, after a couple of earlier abortive attempts. Shires gradually eclipsed the old provinces in administrative importance, and also became known as counties.

1071:, taking most of the functions of the commissioners of supply (which were eventually abolished in 1930). Caithness County Council held its first meeting on 22 May 1890 at the Town and County Hall (completed 1828, now known as 2573: 1726: 2431:

was damaged by gunfire within 24 hours of it being placed. Gaelic-speaking Councillor Alex MacLeod, at the time representing Landward Caithness in the Highland Council, referred to it as "an extreme anti-Gaelic incident".

2400:"There are Seven parishes in Caithness where the Irish language is used, viz. Thurso, Halkrig , Rhae , Lathrone , Ffar , Week , Duirness . But the people of Week understand English also." (Presbytery of Caithness, 1706) 1289:, and another, Thurso had a separate fragment bounded by Reay and Halkirk. For civil administration purposes, implementation of the act redefined parish boundaries, transferring part of Reay to the Sutherland parish of 5868: 2711: 956:

claimed the overlordship of the Caithness and Sutherland area from Norway in 1098. The Earls of Orkney thereafter owed allegiance to the Scottish crown for their territory on the mainland, which they held as the

2567: 1719: 1254:, which covers seven of the council's 22 new wards. The boundaries of the Caithness ward management area are not exactly those of the former Caithness management area, but they do include the village of Reay. 2579: 1730: 1603:

Under the 1973 Act, district councils were obliged to implement community council schemes. A Caithness district scheme was adopted in 1975, dividing the area of the district between 12 community councils.

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tried to prevent the introduction of bilingual English-Gaelic road signs into the county. The first bilingual sign in Caithness was erected in 2012. In 2013, a bilingual road sign on the A99 road next to

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Highland region was also created in 1975, as one of nine two-tier local government regions of Scotland. Each region consisted of a number of districts and both regions and districts had their own elected

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was historically the language of everyday communication for people in Caithness, but was gradually overtaken by Scots and then English. Norn had probably become extinct in Caithness by the 15th century.

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and scattered settlements. The county is fringed to the north and east by dramatic coastal scenery and is home to large, internationally important colonies of seabirds. The surrounding waters of the

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called Caithness from 1975 to 1996, which was a lower-tier district within the Highland region. The pre-1975 county boundaries are still used for certain functions, being a registration county.

5861: 4333: 6360: 3909: 3180: 3298: 3719: 3400:"Act of the convention of estates of the kingdom of Scotland etc. for a new and voluntary offer to his majesty of £72,000 monthly for the space of twelve months, 23 January 1667" 2561: 1715: 1659:

15. Caithness West (that part on the west side of Thurso River only), Thurso West, Reay and part of Halkirk north-west (that part comprising Lieurary, Forsie and Westfield area)

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or Wick. That act was set aside for most purposes in 1509, and Caithness once more came under the sheriff of Inverness. The sheriff of Inverness was then directed to appoint a

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come close to the shore to feed, rest, and raise their pups; a significant population over-winters on small islands in the Thurso river only a short walk from the town centre.

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in 1841 says: "On the eastern side of scarcely a word of Gaelic was either spoken or understood, and on the west side, English suffered the same fate". Other sources state:

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Murray, James A. H. (1873) The Dialect of the Southern Counties of Scotland, Transactions of the Philological Society, Part II, 1870–72. London-Berlin, Asher & Co.

3374: 2627: 976:(now in Sutherland), which was begun in 1224. The mormaerdom of Caithness, previously held by the Jarls of Orkney, became a separate earldom around 1334, under the 3219: 2282:

until 2020 when Loganair and Eastern Airways cancelled their flights. In 2021 there were no scheduled flights to and from Wick Airport. Starting on 11 April 2022,

929:(south) side, they extended their settlements as far as Berriedale. Many of the names of places are Norse in origin. In addition, some Caithness surnames, such as 1748: 2422:

The bilingual road sign policy of Highland Region Council has led to some controversy in the region. In 2008, eight of the ten Caithness representatives to the

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and Caithness to be separate shires. The boundary used for the shire of Caithness created in 1504 was the diocese of Caithness, which included Sutherland. The

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The area of the former district of Caithness is now covered by 12 community council areas which are numbered and described as below in the Highland Council's

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Records showing what languages were spoken apparently do not exist from before 1706, but by that time, "f ye suppose a Parallel to the hypotenuse drawn from

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was created in 1999 and now has boundaries slightly different from those of the House of Commons constituency. It was replaced by the larger constituency of

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were established for each shire, which would serve as the main administrative body for the area until the creation of county councils in 1890. Following the

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period, about 370 million years ago. Fossilised fish and plant remains are found between the layers of sediment. Older metamorphic rock is apparent in the

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Halkirk was formed at the Reformation by the merger of the ancient parishes of Halkirk and Skinnet. Watten was created from part of Bower parish in 1638.

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Over time, Scotland's shires became more significant than the old provinces, with more administrative functions being given to the sheriffs. In 1667

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in 1707, the English term 'county' came to be used interchangeably with the older term 'shire'. Heritable jurisdictions were abolished in 1747.

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There are also a few villages large enough to have amenities such as a shop, a cafe, a post office, a hotel, a church or a bank. These include

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An act of parliament in 1504 acknowledged that the shire of Inverness was too big for the effective administration of justice, and so declared

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The proposal will be considered by the County Council as a meeting to be held within the Town Hall, Wick, on Saturday, 28th February 1953...

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which are used largely for the purposes of biological recording and other scientific data-gathering. The vice-counties were introduced by

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The county contains a number of lochs, though these are smaller in comparison with the rest of northern Scotland. The most prominent are

1711:(MP) to one parliament and then the other elected an MP to the next. Between 1832 and 1918 Caithness elected an MP to every parliament. 3711: 895:

The study of Caithness prehistory is well represented in the county by groups including Yarrows Heritage Trust, Caithness Horizons and

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dialect became influenced by both Gaelic and Norn and is generally spoken in the lowlying land to the east of a line drawn from

1164:. The Highland region became the Highland unitary council area, and the functions of the district councils were absorbed by the 6350: 5631: 4440: 3969: 2989: 2898: 1218:, although that village was within the Caithness management area. For area committee representation the village was within the 329:

in Europe, and covers a large inland area in the west of the county. Caithness has a land boundary with the historic county of

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was printed, almost by hand, in a small shop in High Street, Thurso until the early 60's by Mr Docherty and his daughter. The

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Prior to implementation of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, civil administration parishes were also parishes of the

622:, Loch of Toftingall, Loch Stemster, Loch Hempriggs, Loch of Yarrows, Loch Sand, Loch Rangag, Loch Ruard, Loch an Thulachan, 3856: 6345: 4198: 4149: 3887: 3573: 3129: 3095:

Grant, Alexander (2000). "The Province of Ross and the Kingdom of Alba". In Cowan, Edward J.; McDonald, R. Andrew (eds.).

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published by Scottish Provincial Press Limited trading as North of Scotland Newspapers and using offices in Union Street,

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The ward management area is one of five within the corporate management area and until 2017 consisted of three wards, the

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from the 12th century to the 17th century. The diocese was larger than the later county, also including Sutherland. From

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Whetstone, Ann E. (1977). "The Reform of the Scottish Sheriffdoms in the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries".

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when Caithness became one of eight districts, each with its own "district council", within the new two-tier Highland

488:, means "among the strangers", referring to the Norse. The name of the Catti survives in the Gaelic name for eastern 2928: 2868: 2842: 2764: 2738: 580:, the only major island of the county. Away from the coast, the landscape is dominated by open moorland and blanket 6013: 5624: 2671: 2208: 4045:

Jones, Charles (1997). The Edinburgh history of the Scots language. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 394.

2195: 1684:(1801 to 1918) represented essentially the county from 1708 to 1918. At the same time however, the county town of 1153:

Wick, which had been the administrative centre for the county, became the administrative centre for the district.

910:) in their foundations. When the Norsemen arrived, probably in the tenth century, the county was inhabited by the 6299: 4350: 2378: 1188: 1161: 404: 4538: 4290: 1775: 1056: 6294: 6195: 5932: 5662: 5252: 2688: 2647: 1243: 588:

which is the largest expanse of blanket bog in Europe, extending into Sutherland. This is divided up along the

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In 1996, Caithness and the other seven districts of the Highland region were merged into the unitary Highland

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It is sometimes erroneously claimed that Gaelic has never been spoken in Caithness, but this is a result of

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retained their own town councils, but the county council provided higher-tier services in both burghs. Ten

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13. Halkirk south, Halkirk north-east, Halkirk north-west (excluding Lieurary, Forsie and Westfield area)

1195:. The new Highland Council then adopted the former districts as management areas and created a system of 6240: 6230: 6200: 6127: 5970: 5960: 4987: 4937: 4844: 4834: 4655: 4589: 3096: 2452: 1798: 1273:(Independent) both being installed on 16 June 2017 at the first Caithness Committee of the new council. 1180: 846: 645:

to an estimated depth of over 4,000 metres (13,000 ft). This consists of the cemented sediments of

408: 4466: 3245:"Legislation: final legislation published outwith the parliamentary register, Edinburgh, 11 March 1504" 2253: 1134:. The creation of the Highland region and of Caithness as a district involved the abolition of the two 849:. The cliffs are also designated as both a Special Protection Area and a Special Area of Conservation. 1202:

Until 1999 the Caithness management and committee areas consisted of 8 out of the 72 Highland Council

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Caithness until perhaps the fifteenth century. and lingered until the late eighteenth century in the

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The county ceased to be used for local government purposes in 1975, when the area became part of the

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Mairi Robinson (editor-in-chief), The Concise Scots Dictionary, Aberdeen University Press, 1985 p.x

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Norse settlers landed in the county, and gradually established themselves around the coast. On the

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in Europe. Around 1,500 km (580 sq mi) of the Flow Country is protected as both a

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on High Street, Wick, in 1930, but continued to hold its meetings at the Town and County Hall.

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The Caithness landscape is rich with the remains of pre-historic occupation. These include the

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Many rare mammals, birds, and fish have been sighted or caught in and around Caithness waters.

521:, this level profile was rendered still more striking by the almost total absence of woodland. 6315: 6273: 6099: 6094: 6041: 5799: 5273: 5263: 5087: 4813: 4803: 4665: 4163: 4143: 4029: 3577: 3490: 3186: 3159: 3133: 3102: 3065: 3026: 2370: 2133: 2095: 2060: 2044: 1996: 1915: 1814: 1589: 1529: 1367: 993: 981: 973: 670: 642: 604: 388: 318: 78: 5142: 4097:

Grant, William; Dixon, James Main (1921) Manual of Modern Scots. Cambridge, University Press.

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6. Wick south-east, Wick south-west and part of Clyth (i.e. Bruan) (Tannach & District)

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In 1918 the Caithness constituency and Wick were merged into the then new constituency of

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McColl Millar. 2007. Northern and Insular Scots. Edinburgh: University Press Ltd. p. 191

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The Viking age in Caithness, Orkney and the North Atlantic, Edinburgh University Press

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The Viking age in Caithness, Orkney and the North Atlantic, Edinburgh University Press

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In 1975, the Local Government council and the burgh councils were superseded under the

1075:) on Bridge Street in Wick. The county council moved its administrative offices to the 1072: 1060: 1024: 1012: 941: 764: 745: 646: 565: 541: 452: 358: 350: 346: 314: 146: 2709:

VIDEO: Amazing footage of pilot whales and Risso’s dolphins off the coast of Caithness

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area, in the relatively high southwest area of the county. Caithness's highest point (

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covered what would become Caithness and parts of Sutherland from the 9th century. The

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7. Latheron, Lybster and remainder of Clyth (including Occumster, Roster and Camster)

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In 2014 44 square miles (110 km) of the eastern coastline of Caithness between

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As previously indicated, the language mix or boundary changed over time, but the

568:(the north-east tip of Britain); along the east coast can be found Freswick Bay, 6185: 6147: 5753: 5554: 5474: 5421: 5268: 5242: 5212: 5207: 5197: 5172: 5077: 5072: 4942: 4859: 4827: 4823: 4683: 4671: 4508: 3848: 3654:"The Caithness and Sutherland Districts (Tongue and Farr) Boundaries Order 1977" 2105: 1875: 1855: 1656:

14. Castletown, Olrig, Thurso east (excluding area on west side of Thurso River)

1395: 1176: 1119: 878: 811: 788: 776: 697: 680:) it is an especially useful building material, and has been used as such since 635: 631: 619: 611: 561: 326: 310: 185: 4202: 3879: 3653: 1759: 548:

hold a great diversity of marine life. Notable features of the north coast are

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Because of the ease with which the sandstone splits to form large flat slabs (

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News coverage tends to concentrate on the former counties of Caithness and

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from the 12th century. In 1455 the Earl of Caithness gained a grant of the

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hosts the only Gaelic-medium primary school unit in all of Caithness (see

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began supplanting Norn in the early fourteenth century at the time of the

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Gaelic and Norse in the Landscape: Placenames in Caithness and Sutherland

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In 2021, Caithness had a resident population of 25,347 (26,486 in 2011).

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Scottish Parliament constituency of Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross

1443: 1435: 1423: 1355: 944:, which also included Sutherland. It was conquered in the 9th century by 926: 915: 885: 662: 658: 654: 650: 603:

land. In the far south the landscape is slightly hillier, culminating in

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to the west and is otherwise bounded by sea. The land boundary follows a

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Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross (Scottish Parliament constituency)

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councils were established in 1894, and were abolished in 1930 under the

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was established in the 12th century. The bishop's seat was initially at

6255: 6114: 5544: 5494: 5167: 5157: 5147: 5122: 5117: 4982: 4962: 4957: 4917: 4778: 4738: 4718: 4698: 4523: 4377:"Services North – Search for local businesses in the North of Scotland" 3471: 3399: 3347: 3271: 3158:(4 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press Press. pp. 208–209. 2178: 2153: 2128: 2123: 2100: 2080: 2070: 2055: 2006: 1981: 1971: 1958: 1822: 1810: 1593: 1439: 1415: 1403: 1020: 969: 807: 717: 529: 518: 384: 231: 4528: 4354: 3426:"Scottish Counties and Parishes: their history and boundaries on maps" 524: 5773: 5672: 5534: 5479: 5461: 5360: 5288: 5152: 4967: 4932: 4733: 4645: 4635: 4630: 4380: 3684: 3578:"County Council Offices, 73, 75 & 77 High Street, Wick (LB48834)" 2465: 2416: 2412: 2366: 2294:

At the beginning of recorded history, Caithness was inhabited by the

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can be seen close to river mouths in some of the quieter locations.

309:. The county includes the northernmost point of mainland Britain at 4513: 1156:

In 1996 local government in Scotland was again reformed, under the

1114:. When created, the district included the whole of the county plus 6051: 5416: 5352: 5162: 4912: 4678: 2568:

Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross (UK Parliament constituency)

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has been broadcasting since 1993 and the Orkney Commercial Radio,

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Caithness, Sutherland and Ross (Scottish Parliament constituency)

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Between 1708 and 1832 the Caithness constituency was paired with

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Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross operational management area

922:. The name Pentland Firth can be read as meaning Pictland Fjord. 517:

latter part of the 20th century when large areas were planted in

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Magnae Britanniae Notita: or, the Present State of Great Britain

3348:"Act in favour of John Gordon, Earl of Sutherland, 28 June 1633" 2411:

speakers in the county live in Thurso civil parish. The town of

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Statutory status for community councils was continued under the

1483: 1471: 1215: 803: 607:, the highest peak in the county at 706 m (2,316 ft). 5850: 5620: 5575: 5315:

For smaller islands, usually districts in their own right, see

5310: 4896: 4600: 4562: 2207:, which runs west–east across the middle of the county serving 1620:

Scheme for the Establishment of Community Councils in Caithness

4518: 3685:"Sheet 3: Caithness, Sutherland, Ross and Cromarty (Mainland)" 3458:(1). The North American Conference on British Studies: 61–71. 2486:

Historically, they have been independent newspapers, with the

992:

In terms of shires (areas where justice was administered by a

700:

has the distinction of supporting the most northerly hatch of

581: 4543: 2464:(but with public reception via Cliff Road) and Olrig Street, 1004:

of the area, giving Caithness partial independence from the

4491: 2672:"Caithness: Partnership Profile Demography and Deprivation" 1629:

2. Sinclair's Bay (including Keiss, Reiss and part of Wick)

1246:

system of election, which is designed to produce a form of

1238:, which is now the local government authority, created the 1067:

Elected county councils were established in 1890 under the

1031:

forfeited the justiciary of the area, after a dispute with

471:("headland of the Catt people"), and over time this became 3452:

Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies

3185:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 144, 234–235. 2977:

The Viking Age in Caithness, Orkney and the North Atlantic

2233:

provided bus transport between the major towns, and on to

1611:, and a Caithness scheme is now the responsibility of the 996:), the north of mainland Scotland was all included in the 884:

structure at Caithness has been likened to discoveries at

2334:

during recent centuries. The Gaelic name for the region,

1027:

based in Wick to administer the Caithness area. In 1584,

961:, but owed allegiance to the Norwegian crown for Orkney. 4079:

Transactions of the Hawick Archaeological Society (1863)

2199:

Thurso train station, the northernmost station in the UK

1638:

5. Watten (including part of Bower i.e. Gelshfield area)

4118: 4116: 2975:

Scholarly essays in J.R. Baldwion and I.D. Whyte, eds.

2381:

has increasingly been replacing both Gaelic and Scots.

4070:

The New Statistical Account of Scotland (1845) Vol. XV

3805:"Caithness Committee Chair and Civic Leader appointed" 3182:

The Shape of the State in Medieval Scotland, 1124–1290

2369:. The dialect of Scots spoken in the neighbourhood of 3224:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–2 2562:

Caithness and Sutherland (UK Parliament constituency)

2498:

is archived in the public library in Wick, while the

2286:

started a scheduled operation to Wick from Aberdeen.

1293:

and the fragment of Thurso to the parish of Halkirk.

503: 493: 483: 42: 3510:

The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge, Vol.IV

2979:(Edinburgh University Press) 1993, give an overview. 2502:

is similarly archived in the library in Thurso. The

1794:. 54% of the population live in one of those towns. 6282: 6254: 6146: 6113: 6060: 6022: 5994: 5959: 5931: 5889: 5503: 5460: 5435: 5397: 5374: 5351: 5328: 4059:

An Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language

1718:. In 1997 Caithness and Sutherland was merged into 948:, Jarl of Orkney. The Jarls owed allegiance to the 240: 230: 222: 217: 209: 201: 196: 184: 172: 152: 132: 37: 6318:, combining the powers of a region and a district. 2260:. A summer-only ferry runs from John o' Groats to 783:are regularly seen from the shore and boats. Both 4519:Castletown and District Community Council website 4331:‘Anti-Gaelic gunmen’ shoot road sign in Caithness 3352:The Records of the Parliament of Scotland to 1707 3276:The Records of the Parliament of Scotland to 1707 3249:The Records of the Parliament of Scotland to 1707 3025:(3rd ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 28. 1596:powers or responsibilities and are not a tier of 869:, a complex of sites around Loch of Yarrows near 724:, who first used them in the third volume of his 4222: 4220: 3101:. East Linton: Tuckwell Press. pp. 98–110. 902:Numerous coastal castles (now mostly ruins) are 798:Much of the centre of Caithness is known as the 465:and means "headland". The Norse called the area 4590:Traditional provinces and districts of Scotland 4130:. Archived from the original on 7 December 2010 3835:Boundaries of Counties and Parishes in Scotland 2628:Local government areas of Scotland 1973 to 1996 2483:on Wednesdays. The two papers share a website. 2342:)", a name which reflects historic Norse rule. 641:The underlying geology of most of Caithness is 466: 456: 2895:, The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham, 2007" 5862: 5632: 4574: 4261:J. Patten MacDougall, Registrar General, 1912 3061:Place Names Highlands and Islands of Scotland 2248:in the Orkney Islands. Ferries also run from 1744:Caithness is represented also as part of the 972:, but in the early 13th century was moved to 826:, and a portion is further designated as the 8: 3489:. Manchester University Press. p. 147. 3303:. Aberdeen: W. Jolly & Sons. p. 130 1035:, who was sheriff of Inverness at the time. 626:, Loch Caluim, Loch Tuim Ghlais, Loch Scye, 313:, and also the most north-easterly point at 4351:"Scottish Provincial Press Limited website" 3324:Dictionary of National Biography: Volume 52 3213: 3211: 3209: 1053:The population by 1841 had reached 36,343. 726: 649:, which is believed to have stretched from 403:region, which in turn became a single-tier 6361:Counties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922) 5869: 5855: 5847: 5639: 5625: 5617: 5572: 5325: 5307: 4893: 4597: 4581: 4567: 4559: 4509:Caithness Dialect at Scots Language Centre 4437:John O'Groat Journal and Caithness Courier 3919:. Highland Council website. Archived from 3604:John O'Groat Journal and Caithness Courier 2510:traditionally covers that week's cases at 2219:, from where the east branch continues to 1487:Was, at one time, partly in the county of 1311: 1206:. Each ward elected one councillor by the 34: 2787:"Forsinard Flows National Nature Reserve" 2494:as a Thurso-centred paper. Even now, the 2365:Ness to some 4 miles (6 km) west of 843:Nature Conservation Marine Protected Area 4320:," John O'Groat Journal, 10 August 2012. 3098:Alba: Celtic Scotland in the Middle Ages 3090: 3088: 2761:"Caithness and Sutherland Peatlands SAC" 2735:"Caithness and Sutherland Peatlands SPA" 2556:Wick Burghs (UK Parliament constituency) 2550:Tain Burghs (UK Parliament constituency) 1609:Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994 1193:Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994 1158:Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994 564:(the northernmost point of Britain) and 536:It is a land of open, rolling farmland, 4311:New bilingual sign sparks fresh wrangle 4227:Caithness of the Gael and the Lowlander 3300:Historic Earls and Earldoms of Scotland 2659: 2302:is thought to have been related to the 1555: 914:, but with its culture subject to some 828:Forsinard Flows national nature reserve 357:, and Caithness also has an airport at 239: 229: 216: 195: 183: 131: 96: 87: 67: 4141: 3512:, (1848), London, Charles Knight, p.16 2871:from the original on 27 September 2019 2845:from the original on 27 September 2019 2618:List of counties of Scotland 1890–1975 2544:Caithness (UK Parliament constituency) 2223:whilst the north branch terminates at 1029:George Sinclair, 5th Earl of Caithness 1019:was directed to hold courts at either 576:. To the north in Pentland Firth lies 4549:Caithness alternative community forum 4529:Dunnet and Canisbay Community Council 4469:from the original on 16 February 2009 4443:from the original on 25 December 2022 3600:"From newspaper office to council HQ" 3404:Records of the Parliament of Scotland 3039:from the original on 17 November 2023 2698:. Scottish National Heritage. pp.7–8. 2684: 2682: 2680: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2643:Politics of the Highland council area 2479:is normally published on Fridays and 1840:Other, smaller settlements include: 1720:Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross 1308:Caithness Shire civil parish map 1845 528:Caithness landscape, looking towards 265: 221: 208: 200: 171: 151: 7: 3890:from the original on 5 February 2021 3859:from the original on 4 February 2021 2793:from the original on 31 January 2019 2767:from the original on 31 January 2019 2741:from the original on 31 January 2019 1635:4. Bower (excluding Gelshfield area) 1586:Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 1108:Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 1096:Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929 1069:Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 736:serious declines elsewhere, such as 27:Historic county in northern Scotland 5453:(The Lochs, West Side, Point, Back) 4379:. Caithness Courier. Archived from 3722:from the original on 29 August 2017 3631:. Wick. 26 December 1952. p. 1 2819:from the original on 16 August 2019 2338:, translates as "Land of the Gall ( 1199:to represent the management areas. 936:The area was anciently part of the 618:, Loch of Wester, Loch Scarmclate, 205:618 sq mi (1,601 km) 4602:Major districts (former counties, 4340:", The Scotsman, 5 September 2013. 4246:From the Vikings to the Forty-Five 4124:"1901–2001 – Gaelic in the Census" 3815:from the original on 5 August 2017 3784:from the original on 5 August 2017 3753:from the original on 5 August 2017 3598:Shields, Alan (15 February 2012). 1786:There are two towns in Caithness: 1688:was represented as a component of 824:Caithness and Sutherland Peatlands 25: 4291:Bid to exclude Gaelic signs fails 3833:Boundary changes as described in 2931:from the original on 13 June 2018 2901:from the original on 10 June 2011 2529:from Kirkwall from 2004 to 2014. 2377:. Since the seventeenth century, 2373:resembles to some extent that of 1549:A rural area around the burgh of 1508:A rural area around the burgh of 498:, and in the old Gaelic name for 337:and is crossed by two roads (the 305:, which was the county town, and 5922: 5648:Former local government counties 4010:from the original on 7 July 2022 3064:. Stirling: Mackay. p. 21. 2490:as a Wick-centred paper and the 2047:(the highest point of Caithness) 1682:Parliament of the United Kingdom 1576:Community councils, 1975 to 2008 159: 139: 89: 72: 3485:Whatley, Christopher A (2000). 3156:The Oxford Dictionary of Saints 2921:"Yarrows Heritage Trust – Home" 2237:via Sutherland and Ross-shire. 810:that is the largest expanse of 368:The name was also used for the 361:. The Pentland Firth island of 297:There are two towns which held 3554:. Wick. 27 May 1890. p. 2 2813:"East Caithness Cliff MPA(NC)" 2244:provides a regular service to 1731:Caithness, Sutherland and Ross 1240:Caithness ward management area 802:, a large, rolling expanse of 353:, ferries link Caithness with 1: 6341:Lieutenancy areas of Scotland 4403:"John O'Groat Journal – Home" 3574:Historic Environment Scotland 3134:"Dornoch Cathedral (LB24632)" 3130:Historic Environment Scotland 2867:. Scottish Natural Heritage. 2841:. Scottish Natural Heritage. 2815:. Scottish Natural Heritage. 2789:. Scottish Natural Heritage. 2763:. Scottish Natural Heritage. 2737:. Scottish Natural Heritage. 2638:Medieval Diocese of Caithness 2355:Wars of Scottish Independence 1707:: one constituency elected a 1033:George Gordon, Earl of Huntly 373: 6074: 5447:(North Harris, South Harris) 4108:Scottish National Dictionary 3849:"Genuki: Halkirk, Caithness" 3689:National Library of Scotland 3527:National Library of Scotland 3430:National Library of Scotland 2623:Local government in Scotland 2330:, and then towards Standard 2274:provided regular flights to 820:Special Area of Conservation 301:status in the county, being 4524:Castletown Heritage Society 4492:Caithness Community Website 3880:"Genuki: Watten, Caithness" 3373:Chamberlayne, John (1748). 3154:Farmer, David Hugh (1997). 3058:MacBain, Alexander (1922). 2951:"Caithness Horizons Museum" 2865:"East Caithness Cliffs SAC" 2839:"East Caithness Cliffs SPA" 2215:before splitting in two at 2203:Caithness is served by the 1678:Parliament of Great Britain 1562: 1559: 1545: 1542: 1524: 1521: 1504: 1501: 1478: 1475: 1458: 1455: 1430: 1427: 1410: 1407: 1386: 1383: 1362: 1359: 1349:near its geographic centre 1341: 1338: 1248:proportional representation 1214:not include the village of 1146:, as well as the Caithness 599:) by more fertile farm and 32:Historic county in Scotland 6382: 5920: 4300:", BBC News, 6 March 2008. 3774:"Council ward information" 3743:"Council ward information" 3548:"Caithness County Council" 3487:Scottish Society 1707–1820 3406:. University of St Andrews 3354:. University of St Andrews 3278:. University of St Andrews 3251:. University of St Andrews 2925:yarrowsheritagetrust.co.uk 1705:alternating constituencies 1664:Parliamentary constituency 1122:areas of the neighbouring 345:) and by one railway (the 6308: 5658: 5582: 5571: 5324: 5306: 4903: 4892: 4611: 4596: 4148:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3297:Mackintosh, John (1898). 3272:"Legislation, 8 May 1509" 3019:Logan, F. Donald (2005). 2714:30 September 2017 at the 2694:21 September 2011 at the 2379:Standard Scottish English 1647:8. Berridale and Dunbeath 1434:Includes the villages of 435:comes from the name of a 409:local government district 97: 88: 68: 59: 5317:List of Scottish islands 4539:Castle Sinclair Girnigoe 4407:johnogroat-journal.co.uk 4232:8 September 2008 at the 3914:, accessed 3 March 2008" 3327:. 1897. pp. 292–293 3221:Caithness and Sutherland 3218:Campbell, H. F. (1920). 2648:Subdivisions of Scotland 2477:The John O'Groat Journal 2447:The John O'Groat Journal 1716:Caithness and Sutherland 1557:Caithness County totals 1528:Includes the village of 1482:Includes the village of 1462:Includes the village of 1414:Includes the village of 1390:Includes the village of 1366:Includes the village of 1244:single transferable vote 1162:32 unitary council areas 781:long-finned pilot whales 708:Caithness is one of the 6181:Cumnock and Doon Valley 6176:Cumbernauld and Kilsyth 6070:Badenoch and Strathspey 4554:Caithness Broch Project 3912:Community 03 March 2008 3691:. Ordnance Survey. 1968 2593:Caithness Broch Project 1680:(1708 to 1801) and the 1580:Although created under 1259:Landward Caithness ward 1138:councils in Caithness, 1044:Commissioners of Supply 933:, are Norse in origin. 897:Caithness Broch Project 816:Special Protection Area 710:Watsonian vice-counties 467: 457: 275: 6351:Orkneyinga saga places 6221:Kilmarnock and Loudoun 6161:Bearsden and Milngavie 6047:Kincardine and Deeside 5904:Ettrick and Lauderdale 5878:Local government areas 4514:Caithness Arts website 3179:Taylor, Alice (2016). 3022:The Vikings in History 2633:Maiden Paps, Caithness 2394:New Statistical Record 2205:Far North railway line 2200: 1780: 1772: 1764: 1670:Caithness constituency 1632:3. Dunnet and Canisbay 1626:1. Royal Burgh of Wick 1309: 1184: 1064: 988:Administrative history 859:Grey Cairns of Camster 755:, dolphins (including 727: 722:Hewett Cottrell Watson 705: 533: 532:from Beinn Freiceadain 504: 494: 484: 262: 43: 6366:Districts of Scotland 5971:Annandale and Eskdale 5884:, in use 1975 to 1996 4534:Castle of Mey website 3664:The National Archives 3625:"County of Caithness" 3379:. London. p. 314 2994:Caithness Archaeology 2721:The Press and Journal 2707:ALISTAIRMUNRO. 2017. 2481:The Caithness Courier 2453:The Caithness Courier 2198: 1778: 1770: 1762: 1746:Highlands and Islands 1307: 1181:Highland council area 1179: 1059: 847:East Caithness Cliffs 822:(SAC) under the name 773:white-beaked dolphins 695: 527: 407:in 1996. There was a 365:is within Caithness. 6346:Counties of Scotland 5330:Islands of the Clyde 5233:Strathcarron (Oykel) 5228:Strathcarron (Forth) 4606:and rural deaneries) 4604:provincial lordships 4336:12 July 2015 at the 4271:2011 Scotland Census 4128:linguae-celticae.org 3629:John O'Groat Journal 2674:, NHS, November 2022 2613:Counties of Scotland 1709:member of parliament 1287:county of Sutherland 1210:system of election. 1124:county of Sutherland 1017:Sheriff of Caithness 1006:Sheriff of Inverness 966:Diocese of Caithness 959:Mormaer of Caithness 769:Atlantic white-sided 704:in the British Isle. 696:St John's Loch near 482:name for Caithness, 431:element of the name 370:Diocese of Caithness 6316:unitary authorities 4316:31 May 2014 at the 4296:31 May 2014 at the 4276:4 June 2014 at the 3837:, Hay Shennan, 1892 3000:on 20 December 2016 2990:"Priests and Picts" 2724:. 30 September 2017 2527:Superstation Orkney 2304:Brythonic languages 1742:Scottish Parliament 1208:first past the post 918:influence from the 673:) is in this area. 461:element comes from 439:tribe known as the 381:provincial lordship 284:registration county 113: / 18:County of Caithness 5749:Kirkcudbrightshire 5193:Strath of Kildonan 5113:Howe of the Mearns 4988:Dùthaich MhicAoidh 4502:4 May 2015 at the 4413:on 20 October 2017 4383:on 11 October 2007 4250:The Caithness book 4199:"SND Introduction" 4110:(1929–1976) vol. I 3980:on 25 October 2019 3926:on 24 October 2007 3659:legislation.gov.uk 2957:on 4 February 2017 2891:"C.Michael Hogan, 2512:Wick Sheriff Court 2417:Language in Thurso 2310:to the south. The 2254:St Margaret's Hope 2240:The ferry port at 2217:Georgemas Junction 2201: 2066:Newport, Caithness 1781: 1773: 1765: 1755:Towns and villages 1692:until 1832 and of 1590:community councils 1310: 1283:Church of Scotland 1185: 1065: 998:shire of Inverness 946:Sigurd Eysteinsson 867:Hill O Many Stanes 712:, subdivisions of 706: 534: 387:controlled by the 379:, Caithness was a 267:[ˈkal̪ˠɪv] 223: • Total 202: • Total 6323: 6322: 6274:Perth and Kinross 6100:Skye and Lochalsh 6095:Ross and Cromarty 5844: 5843: 5800:Ross and Cromarty 5614: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5567: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5319: 5312:Insular districts 5302: 5301: 4888: 4887: 4497:Caithness Dialect 4329:Alisdair Munro, " 3803:Tarrant, Sylvia. 3772:Butlin, Heather. 3741:Butlin, Heather. 3710:Butlin, Heather. 3496:978-0-7190-4540-0 2582:(2011 to present) 2570:(1997 to present) 2298:, whose language 2061:Newlands of Geise 1737:county councils. 1584:legislation (the 1570: 1569: 982:Earl of Caithness 974:Dornoch Cathedral 753:Harbour porpoises 728:Cybele Britannica 643:Old Red Sandstone 389:Earl of Caithness 252: 251: 213:Ranked 14th of 34 16:(Redirected from 6373: 6226:Kyle and Carrick 6037:Banff and Buchan 5926: 5871: 5864: 5857: 5848: 5703:Clackmannanshire 5641: 5634: 5627: 5618: 5573: 5517:Central Mainland 5326: 5314: 5308: 4894: 4831: 4675: 4598: 4583: 4576: 4569: 4560: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4409:. Archived from 4399: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4353:. Archived from 4347: 4341: 4327: 4321: 4309:Gordon Calder, " 4307: 4301: 4287: 4281: 4280:, Table QS211SC. 4268: 4262: 4259: 4253: 4242: 4236: 4224: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4201:. Archived from 4195: 4189: 4186: 4180: 4177: 4171: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4147: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4120: 4111: 4104: 4098: 4095: 4089: 4086: 4080: 4077: 4071: 4068: 4062: 4052: 4046: 4043: 4037: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4015: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3976:. Archived from 3966: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3950: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3925: 3918: 3906: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3844: 3838: 3831: 3825: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3800: 3794: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3769: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3638: 3636: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3395: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3370: 3364: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3343: 3337: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3294: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3267: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3215: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3092: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3016: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3005: 2996:. Archived from 2986: 2980: 2973: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2953:. Archived from 2947: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2731: 2725: 2705: 2699: 2686: 2675: 2669: 2424:Highland Council 2332:Scottish English 2231:Stagecoach Group 1749:electoral region 1674:House of Commons 1613:Highland Council 1598:local government 1582:local government 1372:Island of Stroma 1312: 1236:Highland Council 1222:committee area. 1166:Highland Council 845:under the title 744:, and flocks of 730: 688:Natural heritage 507: 497: 487: 470: 460: 378: 375: 288:lieutenancy area 269: 165: 163: 162: 145: 143: 142: 128: 127: 125: 124: 123: 118: 117:58.417°N 3.500°W 114: 111: 110: 109: 106: 93: 76: 54: 46: 35: 21: 6381: 6380: 6376: 6375: 6374: 6372: 6371: 6370: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6319: 6304: 6278: 6250: 6156:Argyll and Bute 6142: 6109: 6056: 6018: 6014:North East Fife 5990: 5962: 5955: 5927: 5918: 5885: 5875: 5845: 5840: 5739:Kincardineshire 5734:Inverness-shire 5654: 5645: 5615: 5606: 5587:Debatable Lands 5578: 5559: 5499: 5490:South Ronaldsay 5456: 5431: 5393: 5370: 5347: 5320: 5313: 5298: 5183:Rhinns of Kells 4899: 4898:Minor districts 4884: 4818: 4674:(or Clydesdale) 4670: 4607: 4592: 4587: 4544:Caithness forum 4504:Wayback Machine 4488: 4483: 4482: 4472: 4470: 4461: 4460: 4456: 4446: 4444: 4431: 4430: 4426: 4416: 4414: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4386: 4384: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4357:on 29 June 2007 4349: 4348: 4344: 4338:Wayback Machine 4328: 4324: 4318:Wayback Machine 4308: 4304: 4298:Wayback Machine 4288: 4284: 4278:Wayback Machine 4269: 4265: 4260: 4256: 4243: 4239: 4234:Wayback Machine 4225: 4218: 4208: 4206: 4197: 4196: 4192: 4187: 4183: 4178: 4174: 4161: 4157: 4140: 4133: 4131: 4122: 4121: 4114: 4105: 4101: 4096: 4092: 4087: 4083: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4065: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4027: 4023: 4013: 4011: 3998: 3997: 3993: 3983: 3981: 3968: 3967: 3963: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3944: 3943: 3939: 3929: 3927: 3923: 3916: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3893: 3891: 3877: 3876: 3872: 3862: 3860: 3846: 3845: 3841: 3832: 3828: 3818: 3816: 3809:highland.gov.uk 3802: 3801: 3797: 3787: 3785: 3778:highland.gov.uk 3771: 3770: 3766: 3756: 3754: 3747:highland.gov.uk 3740: 3739: 3735: 3725: 3723: 3716:highland.gov.uk 3712:"Council wards" 3709: 3708: 3704: 3694: 3692: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3669: 3667: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3634: 3632: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3608: 3606: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3582: 3580: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3557: 3555: 3552:Northern Ensign 3546: 3545: 3541: 3531: 3529: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3508: 3504: 3497: 3484: 3483: 3479: 3464:10.2307/4048219 3449: 3448: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3409: 3407: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3382: 3380: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3357: 3355: 3345: 3344: 3340: 3330: 3328: 3321: 3320: 3316: 3306: 3304: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3281: 3279: 3269: 3268: 3264: 3254: 3252: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3227: 3225: 3217: 3216: 3207: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3166: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3138: 3136: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3094: 3093: 3086: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3042: 3040: 3033: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3003: 3001: 2988: 2987: 2983: 2974: 2970: 2960: 2958: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2934: 2932: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2904: 2902: 2889: 2888: 2884: 2874: 2872: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2848: 2846: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2822: 2820: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2796: 2794: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2770: 2768: 2759: 2758: 2754: 2744: 2742: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2716:Wayback Machine 2706: 2702: 2696:Wayback Machine 2687: 2678: 2670: 2661: 2656: 2598:Caithness Glass 2535: 2520: 2443: 2438: 2357:. The emergent 2292: 2284:Eastern Airways 2266:South Ronaldsay 2258:South Ronaldsay 2193: 2188: 1757: 1666: 1578: 1486: 1324: 1319: 1279: 1232: 1197:area committees 1183:1996 to present 1174: 1104: 990: 980:control of the 950:Norwegian crown 873:, and over 100 855: 841:was declared a 690: 616:St. John's Loch 514: 425: 376: 325:is the largest 280:historic county 259:Scottish Gaelic 248: 160: 158: 140: 138: 134:Sovereign state 121: 119: 115: 112: 107: 104: 102: 100: 99: 84: 83: 82: 81: 64: 62:Historic county 55: 51:Scottish Gaelic 48: 40: 33: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6379: 6377: 6369: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6328: 6327: 6321: 6320: 6309: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6286: 6284: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6260: 6258: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6152: 6150: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6119: 6117: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6066: 6064: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6028: 6026: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6000: 5998: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5967: 5965: 5957: 5956: 5954: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5937: 5935: 5933:Central Region 5929: 5928: 5921: 5919: 5917: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5895: 5893: 5887: 5886: 5876: 5874: 5873: 5866: 5859: 5851: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5797: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5719:Dunbartonshire 5716: 5711: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5659: 5656: 5655: 5646: 5644: 5643: 5636: 5629: 5621: 5612: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5583: 5580: 5579: 5576: 5569: 5568: 5565: 5564: 5561: 5560: 5558: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5525:South Mainland 5521:North Mainland 5509: 5507: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5466: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5454: 5448: 5441: 5439: 5437:Outer Hebrides 5433: 5432: 5430: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5403: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5391: 5386: 5380: 5378: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5368: 5366:Rinns of Islay 5363: 5357: 5355: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5345: 5340: 5334: 5332: 5322: 5321: 5311: 5304: 5303: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5188:Strath Gartney 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4953:The Black Isle 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4897: 4890: 4889: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4612: 4609: 4608: 4601: 4594: 4593: 4588: 4586: 4585: 4578: 4571: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4494: 4487: 4486:External links 4484: 4481: 4480: 4463:"Caithness FM" 4454: 4424: 4394: 4368: 4342: 4322: 4302: 4282: 4263: 4254: 4237: 4216: 4205:on 17 May 2013 4190: 4181: 4172: 4155: 4112: 4099: 4090: 4081: 4072: 4063: 4047: 4038: 4021: 4000:"Destinations" 3991: 3970:"Destinations" 3961: 3937: 3901: 3870: 3839: 3826: 3795: 3764: 3733: 3702: 3676: 3645: 3616: 3590: 3565: 3539: 3514: 3502: 3495: 3477: 3442: 3417: 3398:Brown, Keith. 3390: 3365: 3346:Brown, Keith. 3338: 3314: 3289: 3270:Brown, Keith. 3262: 3243:Brown, Keith. 3235: 3205: 3191: 3171: 3164: 3146: 3121: 3107: 3084: 3071:978-1179979427 3070: 3050: 3031: 3011: 2981: 2968: 2942: 2912: 2882: 2856: 2830: 2804: 2778: 2752: 2726: 2700: 2676: 2658: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2651: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2584: 2583: 2577: 2576:(1999 to 2011) 2571: 2565: 2564:(1918 to 1997) 2559: 2558:(1832 to 1918) 2553: 2552:(1708 to 1832) 2547: 2546:(1708 to 1918) 2538:Constituencies 2534: 2531: 2519: 2516: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2408: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2371:John o' Groats 2359:Northern Scots 2324:language shift 2317:Northern Isles 2306:spoken by the 2291: 2288: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2042: 2037: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1901:Brabsterdorran 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1842: 1815:John o' Groats 1763:John o' Groats 1756: 1753: 1665: 1662: 1661: 1660: 1657: 1654: 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Across the 347:Far North Line 319:John o' Groats 315:Duncansby Head 250: 249: 246: 244: 238: 237: 234: 228: 227: 224: 220: 219: 215: 214: 211: 207: 206: 203: 199: 198: 194: 193: 188: 182: 181: 176: 170: 169: 156: 150: 149: 147:United Kingdom 136: 130: 129: 122:58.417; -3.500 95: 94: 86: 85: 77: 71: 70: 69: 66: 65: 60: 57: 56: 41: 38: 31: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6378: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6356:Norn language 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6317: 6313: 6307: 6301: 6300:Western Isles 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6281: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6253: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6196:East Kilbride 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6149: 6145: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6112: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6059: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6021: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5993: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5958: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5930: 5925: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5888: 5883: 5879: 5872: 5867: 5865: 5860: 5858: 5853: 5852: 5849: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5821:Stirlingshire 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5806:Roxburghshire 5804: 5801: 5798: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5744:Kinross-shire 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5714:Dumfriesshire 5712: 5709: 5708:Cromartyshire 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5663:Aberdeenshire 5661: 5660: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5642: 5637: 5635: 5630: 5628: 5623: 5622: 5619: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5584: 5581: 5574: 5570: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5530: 5529:West Mainland 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5502: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5475:Hoy and Walls 5473: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5459: 5452: 5449: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5434: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5350: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5318: 5309: 5305: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5248:Strathdeveron 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5083:Glen Urquhart 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5063:Glen Moriston 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4905: 4902: 4895: 4891: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 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2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036:Lower Smerral 2035: 2033: 2032:Latheronwheel 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1777: 1769: 1761: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1663: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1621: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1575: 1573: 1565: 1556: 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137: 135: 126: 98:Coordinates: 92: 80: 75: 63: 58: 52: 45: 36: 30: 19: 6312:island areas 6283:Island areas 6166:Strathkelvin 6138:West Lothian 6123:East Lothian 5961:Dumfries and 5899:Berwickshire 5836:Wigtownshire 5831:West Lothian 5811:Selkirkshire 5789:Renfrewshire 5779:Peeblesshire 5724:East Lothian 5697: 5688:Berwickshire 5597:Middle March 5577:Border areas 5389:Ross of Mull 5264:Strathfarrar 5198:Strath Oykel 5178:Rannoch Moor 5108:Howe of Fife 5053:Glen Lethnot 5043:Glen Dochart 5033:Glen Cassley 4993:Eddrachilles 4928:Ardnamurchan 4729:The Glenkens 4660: 4471:. Retrieved 4457: 4445:. Retrieved 4436: 4427: 4415:. Retrieved 4411:the original 4406: 4397: 4385:. Retrieved 4381:the original 4371: 4359:. Retrieved 4355:the original 4345: 4325: 4305: 4285: 4266: 4257: 4249: 4245: 4240: 4207:. Retrieved 4203:the original 4193: 4184: 4175: 4158: 4132:. Retrieved 4127: 4102: 4093: 4084: 4075: 4066: 4058: 4055:Jamieson, J. 4050: 4041: 4024: 4012:. Retrieved 4003: 3994: 3982:. Retrieved 3978:the original 3973: 3964: 3952:. Retrieved 3940: 3928:. Retrieved 3921:the original 3911: 3904: 3892:. Retrieved 3883: 3873: 3861:. Retrieved 3852: 3842: 3834: 3829: 3817:. Retrieved 3808: 3798: 3786:. Retrieved 3777: 3767: 3755:. Retrieved 3746: 3736: 3724:. Retrieved 3715: 3705: 3693:. Retrieved 3688: 3679: 3668:, retrieved 3666:, SI 1977/14 3657: 3648: 3640: 3635:28 September 3633:. Retrieved 3628: 3619: 3609:28 September 3607:. Retrieved 3603: 3593: 3581:. Retrieved 3568: 3558:28 September 3556:. Retrieved 3551: 3542: 3532:28 September 3530:. 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Retrieved 2729: 2719: 2703: 2586: 2585: 2537: 2536: 2523:Caithness FM 2522: 2521: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2470: 2451: 2445: 2444: 2429:Wick Airport 2421: 2409: 2393: 2391: 2383: 2349: 2339: 2335: 2321: 2293: 2272:Wick Airport 2270: 2239: 2229: 2202: 1930:Bullavrochan 1839: 1796: 1785: 1782: 1739: 1735: 1724: 1713: 1704: 1698: 1696:until 1918. 1667: 1619: 1617: 1606: 1602: 1581: 1579: 1571: 1318:Area in 1930 1299: 1295: 1280: 1271: 1256: 1234:In 2007 the 1233: 1230:2007 to date 1224: 1212: 1201: 1191:, under the 1189:council area 1186: 1172:1996 to 2007 1160:, to create 1155: 1152: 1128: 1105: 1086:of Wick and 1081: 1066: 1052: 1041: 1037: 1010: 991: 963: 935: 924: 901: 894: 856: 832: 800:Flow Country 797: 789:common seals 761:bottle-nosed 750: 734: 725: 707: 675: 647:Lake Orcadie 640: 609: 589: 586:Flow Country 550:Sandside Bay 535: 515: 477: 472: 448: 444: 440: 432: 428: 426: 413: 405:council area 398: 367: 323:Flow Country 296: 254: 253: 242:Chapman code 174:Council area 29: 6186:Cunninghame 6148:Strathclyde 6004:Dunfermline 5941:Clackmannan 5802:(from 1889) 5754:Lanarkshire 5555:North Isles 5422:Trotternish 5269:Strathglass 5243:Strathdearn 5238:Strathconon 5223:Strathbraan 5213:Strathardle 5208:Strathallan 5173:Muir of Ord 5148:The Machars 5073:Glen Prosen 5028:Glen Almond 5003:Ettrickdale 4978:Douglasdale 4943:Balquhidder 4860:Strathnaver 4855:Strathgryfe 4845:Strathbogie 4656:Breadalbane 4447:25 December 3435:2 September 3410:25 February 2905:12 February 2456:are weekly 2436:Local media 2213:Scotscalder 2106:Scarfskerry 1876:Balnabruich 1856:Achvarasdal 1829:/New Reay, 1694:Wick Burghs 1690:Tain Burghs 1396:Dunnet Head 1325:2001-03-27 1320:(hectares) 1263:Thurso ward 1226:abolished. 940:kingdom of 879:prehistoric 812:blanket bog 742:water voles 698:Dunnet Head 657:during the 632:Loch Calder 620:Loch Watten 612:Loch Heilen 562:Dunnet Head 383:, being an 377: 1334 327:blanket bog 311:Dunnet Head 236:Caithnesian 186:County town 120: / 6330:Categories 6241:Motherwell 6231:Clydesdale 6216:Inverclyde 6133:Midlothian 6105:Sutherland 5826:Sutherland 5794:Ross-shire 5784:Perthshire 5769:Nairnshire 5759:Midlothian 5683:Banffshire 5602:West March 5592:East March 5279:Strathmore 5274:Strathisla 5218:Strathbran 5203:Strath Tay 5138:Loch Broom 5078:Glen Spean 5068:Glen Orchy 5038:Glen Clova 5023:Glen Albyn 5013:Formartine 4948:Benderloch 4923:Ardmeanach 4908:Applecross 4875:Teviotdale 4870:Sutherland 4865:Strathspey 4850:Strathearn 4840:Strathavon 4814:The Rhinns 4764:Liddesdale 4754:Lauderdale 4684:Cunningham 4417:28 October 4244:Omand, D. 4170:, page 125 4036:, page 121 3984:1 November 3894:30 January 3863:30 January 2961:3 February 2797:29 January 2771:30 January 2745:30 January 2654:References 2473:Sutherland 2458:newspapers 2441:Newspapers 2209:Altnabreac 2169:Westerdale 2022:Landhallow 2017:Killimster 1939:Caberfeidh 1881:Berriedale 1871:Auckengill 1866:Altnabreac 1846:Achingills 1799:Castletown 1489:Sutherland 1464:Castletown 1220:Sutherland 1002:justiciary 908:West Norse 882:souterrain 818:(SPA) and 558:Dunnet Bay 554:Thurso Bay 505:Innse Chat 490:Sutherland 331:Sutherland 218:Population 6336:Caithness 6236:Monklands 6191:Dumbarton 6171:Clydebank 6128:Edinburgh 6080:Inverness 6075:Caithness 6009:Kirkcaldy 5981:Stewartry 5976:Nithsdale 5914:Tweeddale 5796:(to 1889) 5710:(to 1889) 5698:Caithness 5485:Shapinsay 5427:Waternish 5412:Minginish 5407:Duirinish 5294:Trossachs 5284:Strathyre 5259:Strathdon 5255:(Deeside) 5253:Strathdee 5093:Glengarry 5058:Glen Lyon 4880:Tweeddale 4809:Nithsdale 4661:Caithness 4621:Annandale 3255:30 August 3198:30 August 3114:28 August 2823:30 August 2603:Clan Gunn 2340:non-Gaels 2280:Edinburgh 2250:Gills Bay 2246:Stromness 2242:Scrabster 2235:Inverness 2191:Transport 2174:Westfield 2149:Thrumster 2076:Ramscraig 1954:Crosskirk 1911:Broubster 1861:Ackergill 1851:Achreamie 1831:Scrabster 1733:in 2011. 1701:Buteshire 1650:9. 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