Public housing in the United Kingdom

2300:, the-then Minister for Housing), and the resulting wave of mass council housing in the early 1920s was among the first generation of houses in the country to feature electricity, running water, bathrooms, indoor toilets and front/rear gardens. However, some council houses were still being built with outdoor toilets, attached to the house, until well into the 1930s. Some of the earliest council houses did not feature an actual bathroom; the bath could often be found in the kitchen with a design that allowed it to double as a work surface. These new houses had two, three, four or five bedrooms, and generously sized back gardens intended for vegetable growing. At the best they were built at a density of houses of 12 per acre (30/ha). However, later in the 20th century these houses were modernised to feature modern bathrooms and indoor toilets. 1402:. Thirteen tower blocks connected by aerial walkways and the four long curving south facing blocks of flats and maisonettes connected by walkways and bridges. Five thousand homes were constructed in eight years. Three thousand of these were the deck access flats, almost immediately the constructional problems became apparent: they leaked, ducting failed and they were too expensive to heat. A child died falling from a deck and by 1975, and they were declared unsuitable for families with children, the elderly and the disabled. In 1975, 96.3% of the residents wanted to leave. 643 families petitioned to be rehoused. They were demolished between 1991 and 1994. 2328: 905: 33: 266: 3806: 2586: 1953:, which had been built in the 1960s. The original master plan for the redevelopment of Castle Vale saw 17 out of 34 tower blocks on the estate earmarked for demolition, as well as 24 of the estate's 27 maisonette blocks, but by the time of the HAT's demise in 2005 all but two of the 34 tower blocks had been demolished, as well as all of the maisonette blocks and more than 100 bungalows. Community facilities on the estate were also improved, and the main shopping centre was completely redeveloped. 2380:. 32 of the estate's 34 tower blocks were cleared between 1995 and 2004, with the remaining two being refurbished and re-opened as "vertical warden-controlled schemes". All of the estate's 27 maisonette blocks were also cleared, as were more than 100 bungalows. The remaining low-rise stock, however, was retained. The two remaining tower blocks were comprehensively refurbished. The sites of the demolished flats have been replaced by both private and social housing in low-rise redevelopments. 3814:

other local authorities are moving people out, away from their work and their social networks due to lack of available social housing. In 2018 it is promised that the government will build just 2,500 social homes per year. Most newly built homes will be too expensive for the poorest people. In 2019 in England official figures demonstrated that only 37,825 new homes were built for letting at discounted rents though the national housing waiting list is over 1.1 million households.

1295: 1957: 169: 2117: 8969: 3034: 2858: 994:(Wheatley Act) restored subsidies to municipal housing but at a lower level, it failed to make any provision for lower paid, who were living in the worse conditions, and could not afford to pay the higher rents of the new houses, or travel to or from them to work. They continued in substandard housing circling the urban core; in Manchester, for example, this 'slum belt' was about half a mile wide. 1227:

National Dwelling and Housing Survey carried out in 1977 also found higher levels of housing satisfaction amongst owner occupiers than council housing tenants. The survey found that 90% of owner occupiers were "satisfied" or "very satisfied" with their accommodation and only 4% "dissatisfied" or "very dissatisfied", while for council tenants the equivalent figures were 74% and 14%, respectively.

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waiting list are often in much greater need of this welfare, yet they cannot have it; once a council house has been granted to a tenant, they cannot be evicted except for anti-social behaviour, serious offences committed at the premises. Recent policy decisions to reduce the supply of public housing have exacerbated this problem. The Cameron government addressed this shortage by imposing a

1037: 44: 2307:(Wheatley Act), reduced the expected standard in a council built house. Under the Addison Act a house would be 1,000 square feet (93 m) but after 1924 it would be 620 square feet (58 m). Flats and bungalows were first built by local councils during the interwar years, but in relatively low volumes. Most interwar council houses were built on completely new estates. 963:) of 1923 stopped subsidies going to council houses but extended the subsidies to private builders. Following the line of the railways, predominantly private estates were built on cheap agricultural land; building houses that the professional classes with an income of £300–500 a year were able to afford. These pattern-book houses, put up speculatively by companies such as 1343:

have been there for 5 years or more. The number of social homes is at a record low, over 100,000 households were on council waiting lists for over 10 years. Council houses sold under right to buy are typically sold at half market value, some of the money from the sale has to go to the Treasury. Councils can replace only one in three of homes sold under right to buy.

2954:, reconstruction was required to improve the housing stock destroyed in the violence and consequently, the attitude towards housing sector in those periods was more rights-based. As a result, the initial years of the public housing sector witnessed an engaged role of the state, with legislation establishing an inclusive, affordable housing sector for the majority 2049: 3000: 1325:

the sector. Furthermore, the price of private increased due to the rent deregulation policies that were implemented simultaneously. This made it increasingly difficult for those excluded from the policy to afford alternatives, leaving them with the least desirable residual sector of social housing. Over time, changes were made to the

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the long-term residents. The two were kept separate where possible. The long-term residents included single elderly men incapable of further labour, and young women with their children—often women who had been abandoned by their husbands, single mothers and servant-girls who had been dismissed from residential positions.

2103: 1135:. A three-bedroom semi-detached council house was typically built on a square grid 21 feet (6.4 m) on the side, with a maximum density of houses of no more than 12 per acre (30/ha), that is to say around 337 square metres (403 sq yd) per house. As a result, most houses had generous space around them. The 1321:, the Right To Buy scheme allowed tenants to buy their home with a discount of 33–50% off the market value, depending on the time they had lived there. Councils were prevented from reinvesting the proceeds of these sales in new housing, and the total available stock, particularly of more desirable homes, declined. 1263:"There was, however, one way in which slum clearance rather than enhancing housing standards actually threatened to reduce them: the building by experimented prefabricated methods, of large impersonal estates of high-rise buildings, lacking many of the amenities common in similar developments on the continent." 2929:

With reference to housing layouts, the regeneration of large housing estates should incorporate measures such as diversification of tenure, the creation of smaller community areas, the provision of facilities for the young and proposals to create a more attractive environment, since it has been shown

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district council found itself unable to maintain its supply of council housing and transferred it all to a housing association, in 2004; this represented the second largest stock transfer in British history. Housing rented from the council accounted for about 28% of the district and around 40% of the

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The movement from a close urban society with multiple emotional and practical support mechanisms to new out-of-town estates with few informal facilities has been recognised since the 1930s. Again, when residence is restricted to the poor and dysfunctional, the effect is greater. Council estates have

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The system favours those who have already secured tenancy, even when they are no longer in dire need. The combination of security of tenure and subsidised rent gives little incentive to tenants to downsize from family accommodation after their children have moved out. Meanwhile, those who are on the

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Those who regard stable homes as a family's right see public housing differently from those who see it as welfare. They are comfortable that council housing was generally typified by unimaginatively designed houses with generously sized rooms. They could cope with aggravating estate rules that could

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The debate on public housing provision is politically polarised, as can be seen in the large number of parliamentary acts referred to in previous sections. The left saw council estates as a great achievement, while successive Conservative administrations attempted to curb their spread. In 1951, they

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leaving many in need of assistance. This was divided into outside relief, or handouts to keep the family together, and inside relief, which meant submitting to the workhouse. The workhouse provided for two groups of people – the transient population roaming the country looking for seasonal work, and

2990:

The truth is that council housing is a living tomb. You dare not give the house up because you might never get another, but staying is to be trapped in a ghetto of both place and mind. … The people in them need to have better training and more incentives to work. And council estates need to be less

2602:

reside in social housing – the highest proportion out of all regions in England. Occupation of social housing varied significantly between different ethnic groups, with the Black population near three times as likely to live in social housing as the White British population. The breakdown by ethnic

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were built. These consist of low rise dwellings, mainly houses with gardens. The high residential density, equivalent to a tower block, is achieved by pedestrianisation of the estate, which allowed the dwellings to be very close together, separated by pathways not 11-metre (36 ft) -wide roads.

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was increased; leading to a poorer build quality. The former tenants of the inner city properties, were displaced far from their workplaces unable to afford the higher rents (though reduced from the 1919 levels) or the cost of transport. Although the standard of housing improved, stable communities

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estates) led to this model being adopted; abandoned inner-city areas were demolished, and estates of high-rise apartments blocks proliferated on vacant sites. Whole working class communities were scattered, and the tenants either relocated themselves to neighbouring overcrowded properties or became

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in England and Wales it also usually provided the first experience of private garden space (usually front and rear). The quality of these houses, and in particular the existence of small gardens in England and Wales, compared very favourably with social housing being built on the European continent

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The policy resulted in a selective uptake, with middle-aged and married skilled workers with mature children being the most likely to purchase their homes. In effect, those in extreme poverty did not have the option to avail the offer, exacerbating the social and economic inequalities prevalent in

3813:

In 2011 almost 40,000 English socially rented homes were built. Just 5,900 social housing homes were completed in 2017 which is the smallest proportion of overall housing building since records began. Government funding for social housing in 2018 is widely considered insufficient. London and some

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in 2005, aimed at instilling core values in the tenants of council houses. Recently bodies such as the Social Housing Law Association have been formed to discuss the impact of legislation in the social housing sector and to provide training and lobbying facilities for those who work in that area.

3024:

imposes a duty on local housing authorities in England to rehouse victims of domestic violence. The authority simply needs a 'reason to believe' that the person is homeless for them to be eligible for assistance, and that they are in priority need of accommodation. Failure in this duty has led to

1342:

Social housing is being sold off under right to buy, new social housing is not being built to replace it and waiting lists for social housing have become very long, up to 18 years. Over a million people are on the social housing waiting list and a quarter of people on social housing waiting lists

1226:

patterns. During the 1950s and 1960s, the number of high-rise dwellings rose significantly. In 1953, just 23% of public-sector approvals were for flats, with only 3% high-rise (defined as blocks of six stories or more). By 1966, however, high-rise housing accounted for 26% of all homes started. A

1186:

the government subsidy was restricted to only new houses built to replace those removed by slum clearance, and more money was given to tower blocks higher than six stories. With this subsidy, neighbourhoods throughout the country were demolished and rebuilt as mixed estates with low and high-rise

1237:

The post-war governments considered the provision of as much new housing as possible to be a major part of post-war policy, and provided subsidies for local authorities to build such housing. The Conservatives competed with Labour for the popular vote over who could build more houses, abandoning

102:

at reasonable rents to primarily working-class people. Council housing in the mid-20th century included many large suburban council estates, featuring terraced and semi-detached houses, where other amenities like schools and shops were often also provided. By the late 1970s, almost a third of UK

1245:

methods was later seen as possibly being a short-sighted, false economy, as many of the later houses are in a poor state of repair or have been demolished. On many estates, older council houses, with their largely superior build quality, have outlived them – more incredibly, they have even been

1359:

facilitated the transfer of council housing to not-for-profit housing associations. The 1988 Act redefined housing associations as non-public bodies, permitting access to private finance, which was a strong motivation for transfer as public sector borrowing had been severely constrained. These

2982:. One large criticism is that it hurts labour mobility with its system of allocating housing to those in the local area. Working-class people thus face a disincentive for moving across district lines, where they would be further down the waiting list for council housing in the new districts. 2030:

and foreign finance were introduced in the housing sector. One of the key mechanisms of financialization was securitization, which allowed investors' mortgages to be sold as packages in the market, encouraging the imperative of profitability. Housing associations, which previously relied on

1900:

designed to regenerate some of Britain's most deprived council housing areas, which involved refurbishment or demolition of council properties in these areas, as well as improved community facilities and scope for new private and social housing developments. The North Hull HAT was set up to

1395:. Although these incidents were due to a series of failures (not least being the illegal connection of gas cookers by unqualified friends of tenants), subsequently all system-built tower blocks were usually built with "all electric" heating, to prevent the occurrence of such an explosion. 2364:

By the 1990s, many multi-storey flats and low-rise flats and maisonettes (mostly built in the 1950s and 1960s) were being demolished, due to their deteriorating condition, structural problems and a difficulty in finding new tenants when these properties became empty.

2597:

for England and Wales recorded 4.2 million people, or 17.1% of the population, residing in either a housing association or local council housing. This was a slight increase from the 4.1 million figure (17.6%) recorded in the 2011 census. 23.1% of the population in

2128:

The design and character of a council estate is related to the government initiative that allowed it to be built. The estates of the Addison Act are mixed tenure estates with generously proportioned semi-detached houses designed to be fit for heroes, albeit only

1056:, and afterwards there was a major boom in council house construction. The bomb damage from the war only worsened the condition of Britain's housing stock, which was in poor condition before its outbreak. Before the war many social housing projects, such as the 114:. A substantial part of the UK population still lives in council housing; in 2010, about 17% of UK households. Approximately 55% of the country's social housing stock is owned by local authorities. Increasingly the stock is managed on a day-to-day basis by 82:

Before 1865, housing for the poor was provided solely by the private sector. Council houses were then built on council estates, known as schemes in Scotland, where other amenities, like schools and shops, were often also provided. From the 1950s, blocks of

150:

introduced Right to Buy in 1979, with the millionth council house being sold within seven years. In time, the transfer of public housing stock to private ownership reached the point where councils had to rent back their own houses to house the homeless.

2137:'s new towns and estates planned to the Tudor Walters standards were designed to be the pinnacle of housing to which all classes would aspire. This gradually changed through the 1950s and 1960s, partly due to the increase in private housebuilding under 2335:

It was not until the 1950s that mixed estates of multi-storey flats and houses became a common sight. Until then it was rare to see blocks of flats that were more than three or four storeys high. An early and famous development of council flats was at

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of investment that encouraged homeownership, housing increasingly became commodified. A housing sector that treats housing as a commodity implies that it is subject to market forces and can be bought and sold in accordance with demand and supply.

2031:

government grants and private donations, could now access capital markets and sell bonds. However, this led to a shift in their focus from providing affordable homes to generating returns for investors. Financialization also led to an increase in

1218:'s (Le Corbusier's) vision. The argument was advanced that more generously sized dwellings could be provided this way, that communities could be re-housed close to existing employment opportunities and there would be far less disruption to local 1182:'s task, as Minister for Housing, was to deliver 300,000 houses a year. These were 700 square feet (65 m), 20% smaller than a Tudor Walters Bevan house, usually built as a two-bedroom terrace called "The Peoples House". From 1956, with the 987:". Large council estates following the line of the radial roads. This marked a further movement out of the city, first by the middle classes and then the blue-collar workers, leaving just the poorest layer of society living in the urban area. 2344:

flats in Vienna, the complex was built by Leeds City Council. At the time they were considered revolutionary: each flat had a motorised rubbish chute leading to a central incinerator. The complex had its own offices, shops and

66:, provided the majority of rented accommodation until 2011, when the number of households in private rental housing surpassed the number in social housing. Dwellings built for public or social housing use are built by or for 2141:, as well as due to dropping standards, especially with the adoption of system-building by many local authorities across the UK in the 1960s. Nonetheless, space standards in council homes (based on those prescribed by the 159:

Even in the stable medieval model of landowner and peasant, where estate workers lived at the landowner's whim in a tied cottage, the aged and infirm needed provision from their former employer, the church or the state.

1253:

and housing officials due to their speed of construction – but have suffered problems, especially poor protection from damp and weather ingress, as well as other design defects and poor management. Also, studies such as

78:

became more important and subsequently the term "social housing" became widely used, as technically council housing only refers to housing owned by a local authority, though the terms are largely used interchangeably.

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Council housing was generally typified by unimaginatively designed houses with generously sized rooms when compared to houses at the bottom end of the private sector, particularly those built in the 1970s after the

2505:

in Dagenham is the largest area of council housing in the UK with a population of over 100,000. It forms the bulk of a town. It was built during the 1920s and early 1930s. Otherwise, the largest estates are

1099:

references to housing for the working class and introduced the concept of "general needs" construction (i.e., that council housing should aim to fill the needs of a wide range of society). In particular,

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now have new legal powers to enable them to deal with anti-social behaviour and the misuse of council houses by organised gangs or anti-social tenants. An example is when a gang uses social housing as a

1199:), and a growing desire by many towns and cities to retain population (and thus rental income and local rates) within their own boundaries (rather than "export" people to New Towns and "out of boundary" 348:

was noted with alarm. This led to a campaign under the slogan "Homes fit for heroes". In 1919, the Government first required councils to provide housing, built to the Tudor Walters standards, under the

6053: 4107: 1329:

policy, especially for specific regions but overall, the policy reinforced the stigmatized position of public/social housing as a 'last resort', moving away from the previous welfare-statist ideals.

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For many working-class people, this housing model provided their first experience of private indoor toilets, private bathrooms and hot running water, as well as gardens and electric lighting. For

373:

reported to the Manchester Housing Committee in 1910 that "houses that had cost £250 to build pre war were then costing £1,250, so the economic rent was 30/- a week but had to be let at 12/6d".

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The resident's car park is next to the service road. Front doors open onto pedestrian areas, which thus provide safe play areas for children. An early late 1960s example of this design is

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tightened the rules (reducing the maximum discount in areas of most housing need), it did not end the right-to-buy. Labour did relax the policy forbidding reinvestment of sales proceeds.

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housing associations were also the providers of most new public-sector housing. By 2003 36.5% of the social rented housing stock was held by housing associations. In some council areas

353:(Addison Act), helping them to do so through the provision of subsidies. London County Council embraced these freedoms and planned eight 'cottage estates' in the peripheries of London: 8497: 8876: 2250:

The very earliest council estates were in London, as they were permitted to finance houses ten years before non-metropolitan areas and these were 'block estates' that is estates of

340:. He worked on the influential Tudor Walters Report of 1918, which recommended housing in short terraces, spaced 70 feet (21 m) apart at a density of 12 per acre (30/ha). The 2285:

with wide feeder roads joining short cul-de-sacs. Houses were separated by at least 70 feet (21 m) from the facing houses. The former gridiron street pattern was deprecated.

2423: 1298:

Permanent dwellings completed in England by tenure type, showing the effect of the 1980 Housing Act in curtailing council house construction and reducing total new build numbers

8751: 2910:

changed the raison d'être from being affordable homes for all to homes only for the most needy, thereby breaking up the social mix by grouping dysfunctional families together.

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was filmed there. Long-term problems with the steel-frame structure led to demolition, beginning in 1978 and there is now no evidence of their existence. Though not in UK, the

5519: 2152:

were built on the edge of the town. Residents needed to commute by public transport or bicycle, as almost none of the people living in these areas had cars until well after

8450: 6046: 2148:

The earliest council estates were built within the borough boundaries on low value land that was walking distance from the places of employment. When that was exhausted,

1270:

accepted the truth that the provision rate was too slow and instructed authorities to exercise their compulsory purchase powers and construct large overspill estates. In

5889: 2002:. Campaigners fear almost 8,000 homes could be lost during the decade following 2018. Among estates for regeneration, over 80 will be partly or completely demolished. 1933:

covered several council estates, mostly built during the 1960s, and lasted until 2002, with the final phase of the regeneration being completed several years later by

1249:

A number of types of system building used in flats have serious flaws. They were initially very popular with tenants due to their generous space standards, and with

955:

The Addison Act provided subsidies solely to local authorities and not to private builders. Many houses were built over the next few years in 'cottage estates'. The

3829: 8580: 2130: 5297: 1171:

government began to re-direct the building programme back from "general needs" towards "welfare accommodation for low income earners" The principal focus was on

188:, which were established from the 10th century, to provide a place of residence for "poor, old and distressed folk". The first recorded almshouse was founded in 9377: 6039: 5348: 4095: 2227:, the site of violent civil disorder in 1991. Meadow Well has been largely redeveloped since this unrest, with most of the old housing having been demolished. 5188: 2254:

blocks, or in modern terminology estates of low or medium rise flats. The first was the Boundary Estate. The alternative was the 'cottage estate' trialled at

8692: 5002: 4739: 370: 5250: 2921:. Council house residents may be stereotyped as an underclass. In reality, council house residents are ethnically and culturally diverse. Suggestions for 8831: 1925:, London, was the final HAT to cease to exist when it was wound up in 2007, mostly covering an area of council housing built during the 1960s and 1970s. 1917:; 54 of these blocks were demolished and replaced by new public or private sector housing developments, while the remaining 13 blocks were refurbished. 1302:

Laws restricted councils' investment in housing, preventing them subsidising it from local taxes, but more importantly, council tenants were given the

2770: 2297: 2071: 6406: 8610: 4755: 2470: 1983:

in 1985. Since then, Broadwater Farm has been the focus of an intense regeneration programme, resulting in a dramatic drop in crime on the estate.

8950: 8945: 8940: 8806: 6470: 5588: 5139: 4315: 3836: 2304: 991: 301: 8914: 8909: 5540: 2442: 2289: 2267: 350: 5768: 5609: 9387: 9005: 8972: 8483: 6590: 3046: 2026:' bought homes with loans they could not realistically pay back. In the U.K, financialization became increasingly prominent after the 1990s as 1339:

Following its election in 2015, the Conservative government has announced proposals to extend the Right to Buy to housing association tenants.

1315: 917: 5963: 308:

c. 70), which encouraged the London authority to improve the housing in their areas. It also gave them the power to acquire land and to build

8741: 6493: 2449: 8893: 8649: 8585: 6008: 5157: 3045:

The legal status and management of council houses, and the social housing sector, has been subject to lobbying and change in recent years.

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in the 1960s. Later, infill estates were created on small pieces of brown field land that had been vacated by contracting heavy industry.

1003: 389: 91:

were widely built, alongside large developments of terraced housing, while the 1960s and to some degree the 1970s saw construction of many

5788: 5556: 5210: 4988: 3354:

Proportion of houses and flats built by local authorities and New Towns in Scotland and Scottish Special Housing Association, 1960–80 (a)

369:. Houses were built on green field land on the peripheries of the urban area. The war had caused house building costs to rise enormously: 324:. The Housing of the Working Classes Act 1900 extended these power to all local councils, which then began building tenements and houses. 1234:

has tried to cast doubt on claims that only high rise developments could accommodate the population density required for these policies.

376:

The provision of local authority housing varied throughout the UK; in the period 1919–39 67% of the houses built in Scotland were in the

115: 5362: 4523: 8590: 5331: 2456: 1088: 5668: 1108:, promoted a vision of new estates where "the working man, the doctor and the clergyman will live in close proximity to each other". 241:) reported on the squalor, sickness and immorality that arose. Some industrialists and independent organisations provided housing in 9190: 8888: 5976: 5758: 5685: 5315: 4781: 3802:

Between 1978 and 2016, the amount of social housing started to be built failed to keep up with population growth from 2008 onwards.

2896: 2489: 2089: 1256: 4079: 2327: 8490: 6988: 6752: 5436: 3841: 2438: 2263: 940: 909: 5493: 5087: 9133: 8564: 6689: 5251:"The Impacts of the Housing Crisis on People of Different Ethnicities: An analysis of the latest data from England & Wales" 2867: 2827: 1260:

found that people moving to such estates lost their old social networks and failed to develop new ones. As noted by one study:

293:, completed in 1869. The Corporation then built Victoria Square Dwellings, opened by Home Secretary Sir Richard Cross in 1885. 142:, a Labour politician, passionately believed that council houses should be provided for all, while the Conservative politician 9063: 6014: 1266:

The last major push in council home provision was made under the Wilson government of 1964. The energetic Minister of Housing

8654: 7741: 6932: 5638: 5497: 4702: 3905: 3067: 3063: 2427: 6534: 5893: 5453: 5867: 5845: 1391:, east London, as a consequence of a gas explosion. A similar incident caused significant damage to one side of a block in 9083: 8924: 8919: 8763: 8714: 8634: 8605: 8506: 5232: 4545: 3851: 2979: 2293: 1105: 9331: 9108: 7447: 5171: 1375:

Many districts of the country have less than 10% of housing rented from the council; the national average stood at 14%.

193: 9346: 9298: 9195: 6023:

Christopher Bacons history, with references, of high-rise social housing in the United Kingdom. University of Sheffield

32: 7247: 3059: 3055: 2204: 1383:

On 16 May 1968, the problems associated with tower blocks were brought into sharp focus after the partial collapse of

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been blamed for creating isolated communities and fostering there a mentality where residents have low aspirations.

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in Dublin, Ireland were built in 1936 and have a similar design to many of the council estates in the UK today. The

9255: 8998: 6424: 6388: 6322: 2594: 1991: 1964: 1231: 774: 274: 9225: 9185: 9165: 9145: 9048: 2463: 1998:

In London, many council estates are being demolished and replaced with luxury housing, resulting in a net loss of

9336: 9160: 9123: 9113: 9098: 9088: 9058: 8768: 8277: 7624: 6350: 6031: 2372:

estate in Birmingham, built between 1964 and 1969 to rehouse families from inner city 'slums' in areas including

9356: 9341: 9288: 9240: 9235: 9210: 9068: 6641: 1364:

on changing ownership were won by opponents of government policy, preventing transfers to housing associations.

9265: 9215: 9175: 9128: 9103: 9093: 9073: 9053: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9014: 8675: 8615: 8290: 7432: 7216: 6572: 6256: 6168: 6107: 4919:"Conceptualising 'financialisation': governance, organisational behaviour and social interaction in UK housing" 4875:"Housing, the welfare state and poverty: On the financialization of housing and the dependent variable problem" 2067: 1388: 1294: 9351: 9293: 9260: 9250: 9230: 9220: 9205: 9200: 9180: 9150: 9118: 9078: 6246: 4843: 4773: 4568:"Lessons learned from the largest tenure-mix operation in the world : right to buy in the United Kingdom" 1183: 9326: 9170: 9140: 7075: 4438:

Labour and Inequality: A Fabian Study of Labour in Power, 1974–79 edited by Nick Bosanquet and Peter Townsend

344:

indirectly provided a new impetus, when the poor physical health and condition of many urban recruits to the

9245: 8600: 8325: 7823: 7818: 6892: 6872: 6266: 6125: 5573:

Just 5 per cent of new homes to be built with government money will be most affordable type, ministers admit

3882: 2416: 1889: 1168: 1111:

While a number of large cities tentatively erected their first high-rise developments (e.g., Aston Cross in

265: 6656: 6646: 6414: 3805: 3083:

Dwellings completed by local authorities, New Towns, and Scottish Housing Association, 1945–80 (thousands)

2133:

by the most prosperous workers. The generosity changed in the 1930s, with the push to eliminate the slums.

285:

in 1865, but this was an isolated instance. The first council to build housing as an integrated policy was

7754: 7601: 7529: 7109: 7038: 6196: 6181: 6138: 2871: 2282: 2212: 2142: 1979:(shown above), became a national symbol of perceived failures in the council housing system following the 1405:

Proportion of houses and flats built by local authorities and New Towns in England and Wales, 1960–80 (a)

286: 8991: 8746: 8734: 8687: 8595: 8445: 8200: 7749: 7524: 6478: 6176: 4304: 2913:

Council estates could then be stereotyped as "problem places", where social difficulties like crime and

2585: 2392:. This estate has been popular with its residents, and they have resisted all attempts to be resettled. 2384: 313: 234: 6378: 6271: 6236: 1238:

Bevan's principle that numbers weren't enough – that the homes had to be spacious and well built, too.

8846: 8841: 8826: 8801: 6793: 9382: 8204: 7534: 7470: 7404: 7384: 7229: 6965: 6955: 6636: 6276: 6216: 5809: 4610: 3799:

Different British governments oversaw the vision, regulations and overall budget for social housing.

2808: 2546: 2278: 2259: 2192: 1980: 1934: 1897: 1861:

While some tower blocks have been demolished, many that occupy convenient city centre sites (such as

1332:

The "right to buy" was popular with many former Labour voters and, although the Labour government of

668: 479: 441: 197: 131: 7495: 7224: 6651: 5729: 1079:

In the immediate post-war years, and well into the 1950s, council house provision was shaped by the

1008:

While new council housing had been built, little had been done to resolve the problem of inner-city

8773: 8627: 8517: 7975: 7813: 7731: 7676: 6912: 6907: 6742: 6524: 6335: 6241: 6211: 6186: 6133: 5909: 2789: 2389: 2350: 2244: 2208: 2059: 1918: 1882: 290: 220:

was the final fallback solution for the destitute. Rural poverty had been greatly increased by the

119: 111: 75: 5971:(Revised September 2015 ed.). Department for Communities and Local Government. 14 July 2015. 4135: 2314:

encouraged further mass slum clearance. There was a cut in funding and the housing density on the

1204:

isolated away from friends in flats and houses, on estates without infrastructure or a bus-route.

8778: 8729: 8724: 8670: 8559: 8219: 8177: 8124: 8119: 7663: 7409: 6788: 6732: 6557: 6368: 6312: 6294: 6251: 6231: 6226: 5307: 4946: 4642: 4634: 4567: 3965: 2914: 2337: 2161: 2022:

of mortgage finance and the liberalisation of credit was implemented, creating systemic risks as

1902: 1870: 1211: 1080: 1073: 1057: 984: 564: 526: 366: 242: 92: 36: 5992: 4305:"United Kingdom" Section VII (History), J (World War II and Its Aftermath), J2 (Postwar Britain) 2917:

are expected. Estates with particularly marked economic and social deprivation are derogated as

7034: 5101: 1956: 1873:

in London) remain extremely popular with residents and have even been subject to an element of

8242: 8209: 7462: 7364: 7359: 6974: 6821: 6803: 6798: 6679: 6580: 6148: 5972: 5754: 5681: 5634: 5311: 4938: 4896: 4777: 4626: 3948: 2975: 2667: 2354: 2315: 2255: 2149: 1893: 1368: 1318: 1311: 1116: 1092: 960: 922: 733: 630: 545: 460: 358: 147: 5828: 5712: 5494:"Table 211: permanent dwellings started and completed, by tenure, United Kingdom (quarterly)" 2014:

of housing in the UK has contributed to issues in the public housing sector. Under the wider

233:

The pressure for decent housing was increased by overcrowding in the large cities during the

8883: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8836: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8543: 8522: 8440: 8265: 7634: 7539: 6717: 6697: 6616: 6562: 6460: 6455: 6261: 6201: 6153: 5926: 5366: 5303: 4930: 4886: 4618: 4579: 3957: 3038: 3021: 2978:

and Barr, have been critical of the role that council housing plays in attempts to help the

2922: 2358: 2311: 2157: 2138: 2023: 2011: 1356: 1352: 1307: 1267: 1179: 1155: 1084: 1025: 1017: 1013: 980: 972: 846: 305: 300:

was held, as the state had taken an interest in housing and housing policy. This led to the

297: 245:, while some philanthropist factory owners built entire villages for their workers, such as 168: 146:

saw council housing "as a stepping stone to home ownership". The Conservative government of

143: 99: 2274:, Well Hall Road, had an open spaced layout that gave a pleasant environment to residents. 8756: 8538: 8403: 8084: 7642: 7485: 7303: 7206: 7098: 6722: 6702: 6396: 6206: 5576: 5457: 4743: 2648: 2562: 2271: 1976: 1960: 1399: 1242: 1192: 1147:

living meant that most homes of this period were built in low-rise (3–4) storey blocks of

1064:

were built. However, the bomb damage meant that much greater progress had to be made with

362: 341: 317: 282: 5649: 6026: 5406: 5119:

Mornement, Adam (March 2005). "Chapter 1: The Rise and Fall of Castle Vale, 1964–1993".

5016: 4856: 4614: 4247: 1095:

government. Simultaneously, this government introduced housing legislation that removed

8699: 8435: 8395: 8099: 8044: 7942: 7293: 7070: 7043: 6940: 6666: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6552: 6483: 6450: 6373: 6363: 6330: 6286: 6158: 6077: 3856: 3809:

Analysis of UK house building by government and Prime Minister 1978–2016 (partial data)

3071: 2629: 2599: 2566: 2224: 2116: 2027: 1999: 1972: 1941:

HAT involved the regeneration of three council estates, mostly consisting of flats, in

1926: 1874: 1866: 1310:

offering a discount price on their council house. Proposed as policy by Prime Minister

1279: 1196: 1175: 1132: 1065: 1021: 976: 795: 751: 592: 422: 135: 5030: 4740:

More than 100,000 families waiting more than a decade for social housing, figures show

2938:

The public debate around housing can be understood as the debate between housing as a

9371: 8622: 8460: 8343: 8157: 7619: 7611: 7591: 7390: 7129: 7000: 6996: 6969: 6945: 6922: 6917: 6902: 6765: 6737: 6727: 6711: 6707: 6358: 6191: 6143: 6020: 4950: 4646: 4076:

Five Percent Philanthropy: An Account of Housing in Urban Areas Between 1840 and 1914

3969: 3961: 2955: 2751: 2686: 2542: 2341: 2134: 2015: 1938: 1862: 1128: 1101: 968: 964: 377: 333: 321: 254: 221: 139: 71: 4478:

Tower Block: Modern Public Housing in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland

3033: 2521:, Glasgow has the highest proportion of social housing. The largest estates include 8644: 8385: 7721: 7475: 7147: 7052: 6897: 6877: 6783: 6529: 6115: 5592: 5560: 5544: 5233:"Black people in England and Wales three times as likely to live in social housing" 5120: 4759: 2951: 2878: 2570: 2153: 2019: 1930: 1326: 1303: 1215: 345: 238: 107: 67: 48: 5965:

English Housing Survey: Households – Annual report on England's households, 2013-4

4934: 4891: 4874: 1901:

regenerate a large area of predominantly interwar council housing in the north of

1214:

became the preferred model. The councils visited Marseille and saw the results of

5450: 8719: 8475: 8455: 8214: 8181: 8167: 8162: 8064: 8054: 8049: 7892: 7544: 7452: 7399: 7394: 7379: 7369: 7265: 7201: 7151: 6867: 6813: 6519: 4918: 4723: 4309: 3051: 2992: 2968: 2947: 2918: 2732: 2538: 2526: 2507: 2405: 2369: 2235: 2220: 2176: 2165: 1986: 1971:

One of the most ambitious post-war council housing developments, the complex of

1946: 1942: 1384: 1275: 1246:

outlasted by a large percentage of Edwardian and late Victorian private houses.

1120: 6017:

Recollections of former and current residents of the Harold Hill council estate

1036: 1012:, which could also be found in many smaller towns. This was to change with the 43: 8709: 8704: 8682: 8185: 8114: 8079: 8074: 8069: 7993: 7882: 7864: 7856: 7805: 7787: 7671: 7442: 7437: 7288: 7193: 7137: 7020: 7015: 7011: 6950: 6854: 6775: 6598: 6340: 6221: 5998: 4622: 4452: 2530: 2522: 2511: 2240: 2169: 2032: 1950: 1914: 1906: 1392: 1361: 1333: 1271: 1250: 1200: 1191:

architecture, the development of new cheaper construction techniques, such as

1172: 1112: 1045: 611: 250: 201: 106:

Since 1979 council housing stock has been sold to private occupiers under the

17: 4942: 4900: 4630: 1945:. Perhaps the most notable HAT was the one founded in 1993 to regenerate the 110:

legislation, and new social housing has mainly been developed and managed by

8367: 8285: 8224: 8172: 8149: 8134: 8059: 8001: 7713: 7596: 7554: 7516: 7257: 7113: 7103: 7093: 7047: 6978: 6887: 6882: 6674: 6608: 6442: 6097: 3833:– documentary film discussing social policy towards public housing in the UK 2939: 2554: 2502: 2216: 2188: 1922: 1910: 1188: 1148: 1139:

and many existing towns had countless estates built to this basic model. In

1096: 1053: 692: 649: 507: 354: 217: 185: 177: 173: 88: 84: 8983: 5434:

Mack, Jon (2009), "Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003: Part 1A closure order",

4989:"One hundred years ago a man had a dream - and that dream was Wythenshawe" 4599:"Housing Finance and Subsidies in Britain after a Decade of 'Thatcherism'" 2368:

One notable regeneration programme featuring tower blocks was that of the

8139: 8129: 8104: 8089: 8024: 7795: 7480: 7424: 7414: 7280: 7239: 7156: 7142: 7119: 7062: 7029: 6862: 6544: 6501: 6432: 6089: 5999:

Website of the campaign to "Defend Council Housing" against privatisation

5421: 5417: 5388:

Mack, Jon (2009), "Possession following criminal conviction: Ground 14",

4664: 3823: 3004: 2959: 2518: 2377: 2346: 2251: 2196: 2195:. Both Seacroft and Park Hill are now undergoing major redevelopment. In 2184: 2121: 2106: 1283: 1219: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1069: 1041: 309: 278: 246: 5418:

The domestic violence victims 'left begging for a home. 31 October 2017.

4756:

Councils able to replace just one-third of homes sold under right to buy

4638: 4598: 2179:

in Yorkshire, are almost entirely composed of original council housing.

2035:

mortgages, resulting in higher private tenancy levels and rising costs.

8377: 8359: 8333: 8195: 8190: 8109: 8036: 7270: 7160: 7085: 7005: 6960: 6760: 6511: 2574: 2558: 1223: 1207: 711: 4583: 2999: 8234: 8094: 7934: 7874: 7490: 7374: 7024: 6304: 4108:"St Martin's Cottages municipal housing, Silvester Street, Liverpool" 2943: 2534: 2270:, removed some of the restrictions imposed by the 1875s byelaws. The 935: 3790:(b) Including maisonettes, which are not shown separately from 1967. 2537:. In Edinburgh there are several smaller peripheral estates such as 2145:

remained above those of many privately built dwellings at the time.

5696: 5616:. The Institute of Applied Social Sciences University of Birmingham 5172:"B/W Print; the Becontree Estate in Dagenham, Aerofilms, 1930-1950" 4122:"Victoria Square municipal housing, Liverpool, prior to conversion" 3066:

were created by amendments to the Housing Act 1996, enacted by the

2361:

in Glasgow were once the tallest residential buildings in Europe.

1052:

During the Second World War almost four million British homes were

8313: 7983: 7726: 7562: 7351: 7311: 5102:"Glasgow's Red Road tower blocks 'too tough' for blast demolition" 4288: 4286: 4284: 4203: 4201: 4043: 4041: 3804: 3032: 3008: 2998: 2584: 2550: 2373: 2326: 2234: 2200: 2180: 2115: 2110: 2101: 1985: 1955: 1878: 1293: 1124: 1061: 1035: 264: 167: 98:

Council homes were built to supply uncrowded, well-built homes on

42: 31: 5299:'Problem' people, 'problem places? New Labour and council estates 2281:

was adopted and council estates opened up. They were designed to

7583: 6027:

Urban Housing in Scotland 1840–1940 by historian W.W. Knox (pdf)

2930:

that packages of such measures are successful in reducing crime.

2156:. Councils bought vacant land in neighbouring boroughs to build 2120:

York Place Flats, a medium rise development of council flats in

2102: 1076:, the redevelopment schemes were often larger and more radical. 1009: 189: 184:

The documented history of social housing in Britain starts with

8987: 8479: 8424: 8311: 8263: 8022: 7963: 7922: 7844: 7775: 7701: 7332: 7181: 6842: 6075: 6035: 5654:. Leicester: University of Leicester:Special collections online 5589:

Housebuilding data shows dearth of homes for affordable renting

5158:"How Europe's largest council estate coped during the pandemic" 4860: 4727: 3846: 2851: 2399: 2042: 5541:

May's housing cash pledge is not enough, council leaders warn

5189:"RM134: Tenure by ethnic group - Household Reference Persons" 5844:

Rubinstein, Antonia; Andrews, Andy; Schweitzer, Pam (1991).

5070: 5068: 5003:"Council Housing, Byker, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear" 4386: 4384: 4058: 4056: 5610:"Anti-Social Housing: 'Right to Buy' and Thatcher's Legacy" 4447:

R. Burdett, T. Travers, D. Czischke, P. Rode and B. Moser,

4028: 4026: 5140:"A time for trust at Lambeth's Cressingham Gardens estate" 5122:

No Longer Notorious: The Revival of Castle Vale, 1993–2005

4449:

Density and Urban Neighbourhoods in London: Summary Report

6003: 5651:

Home Sweet Home: A century of Leicester housing 1814–1914

5470: 5031:"Meadow Well: Is the stigma unfair 30 years after riots?" 4857:

Dozens of London council estates earmarked for demolition

1398:

The same year Manchester started the construction of the

289:, starting with St Martin's Cottages in Ashfield Street, 27:

British government and local authority housing programmes

5927:"Banishing London's slums: The interwar cottage estates" 2589:

Tenure by ethnic group in England and Wales, 2021 census

847:"Banishing London's slums: The interwar cottage estates" 5866:——; ——; —— (1991). 5697:"Suburban Ideals on England's Interwar Council Estates" 5557:

Number of homeless households moved out of London soars

5128:. Castle Vale Neighbourhood Partnership. pp. 4–15. 4572:

Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research

4327: 237:

of the 19th century; many social commentators (such as

4501:

The Welfare State in Britain since 1945 by Rodney Lowe

4090:

Beggs-Humphreys, M, Gregor, H and Humphreys, D (1959)

990:

The first Labour government was returned in 1924. The

5940:. London and Middlesex Archeological Society: 167–173 5279: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5271: 3946:

Cowan, David (2009), "Trust, Distrust and Betrayal",

1178:, completing the job that was started in the 1930s. 860:. London and Middlesex Archeological Society: 167–173 95:. Flats and houses were also built in mixed estates. 5483:

The Future of Council Housing edited by John English

4774:

The evolution of stock transfer housing associations

3929: 3927: 9317: 9279: 9021: 8933: 8902: 8794: 8787: 8663: 8573: 8552: 8531: 8394: 8376: 8358: 8342: 8324: 8276: 8233: 8148: 8035: 7992: 7974: 7933: 7891: 7873: 7855: 7804: 7786: 7740: 7712: 7662: 7655: 7633: 7610: 7582: 7575: 7553: 7515: 7508: 7461: 7423: 7350: 7343: 7302: 7279: 7256: 7238: 7215: 7192: 7128: 7084: 7061: 6987: 6931: 6853: 6812: 6774: 6751: 6688: 6665: 6607: 6589: 6571: 6543: 6510: 6492: 6469: 6441: 6423: 6405: 6387: 6349: 6321: 6303: 6285: 6167: 6124: 6106: 6088: 4802: 4800: 4724:

More than a million on social housing waiting lists

4207: 2991:

cut off from the rest of the economy and society. (

2430:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1187:building. At the same time the rising influence of 946: 934: 929: 916: 890: 320:in 1900, a 'block dwelling estate' of tenements in 138:. Standards were set to ensure high-quality homes. 4476:Glendenning, Miles, and Muthesius, Stefan (1994), 4427:The Five Giants: A Biography of the Welfare State 5890:"Wakefield housing initiative England's largest" 4830: 4546:"1979: Council tenants will have 'right to buy'" 4292: 4275: 4192: 3906:"Marking 100 years of Scotland's council houses" 3795:Analysis of housing built by year and government 1068:projects. In heavily bombed cities like London, 832:Part of a larger PRC estate around Huntsman Road 5810:"Beneath the Surface: A Country of Two Nations" 4658: 4656: 3830:Dispossession: The Great Social Housing Swindle 2988: 2927: 2319:were broken up, and with it, support networks. 2262:principles, though this was hampered until the 6011:Describing how mutual exchange schemes operate 5522:. Office for National Statistics. 22 June 2017 4772:Hal Pawson, Cathy Fancie (10 September 2003). 4339: 365:for example; seven further followed including 269:Corporation Buildings, Farringdon Road in 1865 118:rather than directly by the authority, and by 8999: 8491: 6047: 4818: 4566:Kleinhans, Reinout; Van Ham, Maarten (2013). 4032: 3079:Historical statistics on housing construction 2935:forbid tenants "personalising" their houses. 1024:plans, and some progress was made before the 8: 5631:A social history of housing : 1815–1985 3025:cases of victims returning to their abuser. 2070:. There might be a discussion about this on 1913:HAT covered 67 of the worst tower blocks on 5753:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 5669:"How Macmillan built 300,000 houses a year" 5088:"Leeds – In Pictures Quarry Hill's history" 941:Housing (Consequential Provisions) Act 1985 9006: 8992: 8984: 8791: 8498: 8484: 8476: 8421: 8321: 8308: 8273: 8260: 8032: 8019: 7971: 7960: 7930: 7919: 7852: 7841: 7783: 7772: 7709: 7698: 7659: 7579: 7512: 7347: 7340: 7329: 7189: 7178: 6850: 6839: 6085: 6072: 6054: 6040: 6032: 5520:"Population estimates time series dataset" 5308:10.1332/policypress/9781861348159.001.0001 4136:"Housing of The Working Classes Act, 1890" 3356: 3085: 2605: 1407: 887: 393: 5912:. University of the West of England. 2008 5883:– via Reminiscence Theatre Archive. 5861:– via Reminiscence Theatre Archive. 5451:Blair's Speech outlining 'Respect' agenda 5349:"'Problem' populations, 'problem' places" 5211:"Housing, England and Wales: Census 2021" 4890: 4597:Maclennan, Duncan; Gibb, Kenneth (1990). 2897:Learn how and when to remove this message 2607:Tenure by ethnicity in England and Wales 2490:Learn how and when to remove this message 2090:Learn how and when to remove this message 1020:Act), which required councils to prepare 312:and houses (cottages). As a consequence, 130:Public housing became needed to provide " 5183: 5181: 5047: 4703:"The Right to Buy: History and Prospect" 4078:, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 2877:Please do not remove this message until 2290:Housing, Town Planning, &c. Act 1919 2268:Housing, Town Planning, &c. Act 1909 1881:purchased by original tenants under the 351:Housing, Town Planning, &c. Act 1919 5343: 5341: 5296:Atkinson, Rowland; Helms, Gesa (2007). 4923:International Journal of Housing Policy 4180: 4168: 3897: 3873: 3837:List of large council estates in the UK 2305:Housing (Financial Provisions) Act 1924 992:Housing (Financial Provisions) Act 1924 816: 302:Housing of the Working Classes Act 1890 196:; the oldest still in existence is the 6789:Dover House Estate (Roehampton Estate) 5633:(2nd e. ed.). New York: Methuen. 5283: 4975: 4963: 4776:(Report). Joseph Rowntree Foundation. 4586:– via University of St. Andrews. 4510: 4414: 4402: 4375: 4363: 4351: 4017: 4005: 3993: 3933: 2439:"Public housing in the United Kingdom" 1316:Secretary of State for the Environment 823:Source says 2589 – transcription error 394: 328:Homes fit for heroes – interwar policy 8877:Grants, Construction and Regeneration 5888:Walker Morris: Press Release (2005). 4912: 4910: 4688: 4561: 4559: 4248:"URBAN HOUSING IN SCOTLAND 1840–1940" 4222:"100 years exhibition – the 1919 Act" 2946:. In the immediate aftermath of both 2292:(also known as the Addison Act after 7: 9378:Public housing in the United Kingdom 5751:Manchester: an Architectural History 4806: 4489: 4464: 2603:groups according to the census was: 2428:adding citations to reliable sources 1004:Slum clearance in the United Kingdom 390:London County Council cottage estate 116:arms-length management organisations 103:households lived in social housing. 56:Public housing in the United Kingdom 5993:"Council home for sale at £895,000" 5074: 5059: 4917:Jacobs, Keith; Manzi, Tony (2019). 4844:"20 years later at Broadwater Farm" 4390: 4220:Geography, Kay's (11 August 2019). 4156: 4062: 4047: 3981: 3011:awaiting demolition and replacement 2958:. However, as a consequence of the 1314:and carried out under the remit of 87:and three-or-four-storey blocks of 6484:Cheltenham Estate (Trellick Tower) 5749:Parkinson-Bailey, John J. (2000). 5678:Estates : an intimate history 5667:Gimson, Andrew (17 October 2013). 4873:Hick, Rod; Stephens, Mark (2023). 4526:. Metropolitan Borough of Solihull 2974:Social policy economists, such as 1089:Town and Country Planning Act 1947 25: 5730:"Entry #411:Southwyck Open House" 5440:, vol. 173, pp. 116–117 5437:Criminal Law & Justice Weekly 1257:Family and Kinship in East London 1210:led the way and others followed. 8968: 8967: 5829:"Case Studies – Progress Estate" 5680:(New ed.). Granta: Granta. 5471:"Social Housing Law Association" 5302:. University Press Scholarship. 5213:. Office for National Statistics 5191:. Office for National Statistics 4701:Murie, Alan (11 November 2015). 4663:Wheeler, Brian (14 April 2015). 3962:10.1111/j.1468-2230.2009.00739.x 3842:List of existing model dwellings 2856: 2549:. The large council estates in 2404: 2264:Hampstead Garden Suburb Act 1906 2199:, large council estates include 2047: 1387:, a system-built tower block in 910:Parliament of the United Kingdom 903: 7030:Tividale Hall/Grace Mary Estate 6804:Winstanley and York Road Estate 6015:Harold Hill: A People's History 5892:. Walker Morris. Archived from 5793:Living Heritage-Improving towns 5773:Living Heritage-Improving towns 5363:"Planning and crime prevention" 5334:. The University of Nottingham. 4257:. Historic Environment Scotland 2510:in the south of Manchester and 2415:needs additional citations for 1877:, caused by the onward sale of 1106:Minister for Health and Housing 6004:Social Housing Law Association 5808:de Pennington, Joanne (2011). 5498:Office for National Statistics 3095:Scotland and Northern Ireland 3068:Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003 2187:– the 'town within the city'. 1869:and Great Arthur House on the 1163:Focusing on a new urban vision 998:Statutory slum clearance plans 395:LCC Cottage estates 1918–1939 380:, compared to 26% in England. 338:Nothing gained by Overcrowding 1: 9388:Housing in the United Kingdom 8635:Minister of State for Housing 8507:Housing in the United Kingdom 4935:10.1080/19491247.2018.1540737 4892:10.1080/14036096.2022.2095438 4665:"A history of social housing" 4138:. Government of Ireland. 1890 3852:Housing in the United Kingdom 2383:The mood had changed and new 1885:to more affluent purchasers. 1032:Post-war reconstruction phase 205: 74:. Since the 1980s non-profit 5910:"History of Council Housing" 5869:Just like the country part 2 5390:Landlord & Tenant Review 4328:UK Parliament-New Towns 2015 3058:(ASBOs) were created by the 3056:Anti-social behaviour orders 2514:in the north-east of Hull. 6535:Myatt's Fields South Estate 5875:. Vol. 2. Age Exchange 5853:. Vol. 1. Age Exchange 5407:Part VII, Housing Act 1996. 4879:Housing, Theory and Society 4524:"History of Chelmsley Wood" 4226:Newcastle residential areas 3060:Crime and Disorder Act 1998 2879:conditions to do so are met 2828:Irish Traveller/White Gypsy 2175:Some pit villages, such as 1230:Subsequent research at the 9404: 5734:Designing the Urban Common 4340:Panagidis & Savva 2015 3885:standards were introduced. 3070:. Tony Blair launched the 2595:2021 United Kingdom census 1857:(b) Including maisonettes. 1372:actual city of Wakefield. 1274:he forced the building of 1232:London School of Economics 1001: 885:United Kingdom legislation 870:Quotes: Rubinstein, 1991, 775:Royal Borough of Greenwich 387: 275:City of London Corporation 134:" in 1919, then to enable 9015:Public housing in Europe 8963: 8903:Housing and town planning 8513: 8431: 8420: 8320: 8307: 8272: 8259: 8031: 8018: 7970: 7959: 7929: 7918: 7851: 7840: 7782: 7771: 7708: 7697: 7339: 7328: 7188: 7177: 6849: 6838: 6257:North Kentish Town Estate 6084: 6071: 5728:Panagidis; Savva (2015). 5332:"Community understanding" 4623:10.1080/00420989020080901 4092:The Industrial Revolution 2191:boasts the award-winning 1990:1970s council housing in 957:Housing, &c. Act 1923 902: 897: 892:Housing, &c. Act 1923 813: 8676:Birmingham Back to Backs 7656:East Riding of Yorkshire 6247:Ludham and Waxham Estate 5695:Hollow, Matthew (2011). 5614:Walls come tumbling down 4208:UK Parliament- Acts 2015 3366:Flats (b) 2–4-storey (%) 3122:1956–60 (annual average) 3111:1951–55 (annual average) 3100:1945–50 (annual average) 2331:Glasgow's Red Road flats 1896:set up the first of six 1423:Flats 15-storey and over 1417:Flats (b) 2–4-storey (%) 1379:Renewal and regeneration 1278:and the 15,590 dwelling 1216:Charles Édouard Jenneret 1184:Housing Subsidy Act 1956 6064:council housing estates 5676:Hanley, Lynsey (2012). 5456:31 October 2007 at the 5017:"Social Housing WALKER" 3369:Flats 5-storey and over 2971:to encourage movement. 2039:Council housing estates 845:Yelling, J. A. (1995). 9064:Bosnia and Herzegovina 8611:Reduction Bill 2016–17 6471:Kensington and Chelsea 6407:Hammersmith and Fulham 6182:Ampthill Square Estate 6009:Council house exchange 5925:Yelling, J.A. (1995). 5717:London Review of Books 5648:Calow, Dennis (2007). 5629:Burnett, John (1986). 4705:. History & Policy 4405:, pp. 68, 69, 71. 3810: 3042: 3012: 2997: 2932: 2590: 2385:council garden estates 2340:in Leeds. Modelled on 2332: 2298:Dr Christopher Addison 2247: 2125: 2113: 1995: 1968: 1299: 1049: 790:18.1 per acre (45/ha) 765:11.3 per acre (28/ha) 728:11.3 per acre (28/ha) 682:11.5 per acre (28/ha) 663:10.5 per acre (26/ha) 625:11.6 per acre (29/ha) 606:11.8 per acre (29/ha) 559:12.6 per acre (31/ha) 540:10.6 per acre (26/ha) 474:32.4 per acre (80/ha) 436:19.8 per acre (49/ha) 270: 181: 155:Before council housing 93:high-rise tower blocks 52: 40: 8446:Council garden estate 6657:Southwark Park Estate 6647:Sceaux Gardens Estate 6415:Clement Attlee Estate 6177:Alexandra Road Estate 6066:in the United Kingdom 5847:Just like the country 5713:"Where shall we live" 5608:Allen, Chris (2009). 4831:Parkinson-Bailey 2000 4293:Parkinson-Bailey 2000 4276:Parkinson-Bailey 2000 4193:Parkinson-Bailey 2000 3808: 3788:(a) Tenders approved. 3036: 3002: 2848:Public housing debate 2706:All England and Wales 2588: 2330: 2238: 2119: 2105: 2010:In recent years, the 1989: 1959: 1898:housing action trusts 1855:(a) Tenders approved. 1297: 1127:homes were typically 1039: 872:Just like the country 706:7.1 per acre (18/ha) 582:8.2 per acre (20/ha) 521:9.3 per acre (23/ha) 336:published a pamphlet 314:London County Council 287:Liverpool Corporation 268: 261:Council-built housing 235:Industrial Revolution 229:Migration to the city 198:Hospital of St. Cross 171: 46: 35: 7385:Hunslet Grange Flats 6966:Chapel Street Estate 6956:Russells Hall Estate 6766:Beaumont Road Estate 6637:North Peckham Estate 6591:Richmond upon Thames 6502:New Cambridge Estate 6359:New Kingshold Estate 6267:Regent's Park Estate 6217:Dunboyne Road Estate 6090:Barking and Dagenham 5711:Meek, James (2014). 5671:. Conservative Home. 5108:. 19 September 2016. 4429:by Nicholas Timmins. 4094:, Oxford, Routledge 4050:, Section 7 para. 3. 4020:, pp. 134, 135. 3984:, Section 3 para. 1. 3037:De Beauvoir Estate, 2424:improve this article 2323:System build estates 2279:Tudor Walters Report 2143:Parker-Morris Report 2060:confusing or unclear 2024:'sub-prime borrowers 1981:Broadwater Farm riot 1935:English Partnerships 1351:The Housing Acts of 1054:destroyed or damaged 644:11 per acre (27/ha) 455:23 per acre (57/ha) 132:homes fit for heroes 120:housing associations 112:housing associations 76:housing associations 9280:States with limited 8628:Housing Corporation 8518:Housing in Scotland 8451:List of LCC estates 7976:Newcastle upon Tyne 7732:Stockbridge Village 6525:Cressingham Gardens 6139:St Raphael's Estate 5896:on 11 December 2015 5369:on 8 September 2014 5037:. 9 September 2021. 4991:. 30 December 2019. 4846:. Christian Wolmar. 4833:, pp. 194–195. 4615:1990UrbSt..27..905M 4552:. 20 December 1979. 4455:, 2004), pp. 13–14. 4312:Online Encyclopedia 4074:Tarn, J. N. (1973) 3912:. 18 September 2019 2870:of this section is 2608: 2390:Cressingham Gardens 2349:. The 1970s sitcom 2245:Newcastle Upon Tyne 2239:Tom Collins House, 2068:clarify the section 1883:right to buy scheme 1143:, the tradition of 1040:Council housing in 497:8 per acre (20/ha) 412:Population density 396: 384:LCC cottage estates 39:(1955–1962), London 8788:Parliamentary acts 8730:Reema construction 7664:Kingston upon Hull 7183:Greater Manchester 6733:Robin Hood Gardens 6520:Angell Town Estate 6369:Nightingale Estate 6336:Middle Park Estate 6313:South Acton Estate 6295:Golden Lane Estate 6232:Holly Lodge Estate 6227:Whittington Estate 6222:Gospel Oak Estates 6149:Church Road Estate 6021:Streets in the Sky 4819:Walker Morris 2005 4033:de Pennington 2011 3811: 3043: 3013: 2915:welfare dependency 2606: 2591: 2333: 2316:peripheral estates 2294:Minister of Health 2283:Radburn principles 2248: 2162:Greater Manchester 2150:peripheral estates 2126: 2114: 1996: 1969: 1871:Golden Lane Estate 1300: 1123:), in England and 1081:New Towns Act 1946 1074:Kingston upon Hull 1050: 985:By-pass Variegated 923:13 & 14 Geo. 5 565:Dover House Estate 271: 182: 53: 47:Council houses at 41: 37:Golden Lane Estate 9365: 9364: 8981: 8980: 8959: 8958: 8586:Energy efficiency 8473: 8472: 8469: 8468: 8416: 8415: 8412: 8411: 8303: 8302: 8299: 8298: 8255: 8254: 8251: 8250: 8210:Cables Wynd House 8014: 8013: 8010: 8009: 7955: 7954: 7951: 7950: 7914: 7913: 7910: 7909: 7836: 7835: 7832: 7831: 7767: 7766: 7763: 7762: 7693: 7692: 7689: 7688: 7685: 7684: 7651: 7650: 7571: 7570: 7504: 7503: 7463:City of Wakefield 7410:Quarry Hill flats 7324: 7323: 7320: 7319: 7173: 7172: 7169: 7168: 6834: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6822:Churchill Gardens 6799:Totterdown Fields 6708:Brownfield Estate 6581:Carpenters Estate 6379:Trowbridge Estate 6272:Southfleet Estate 6237:Kiln Place Estate 6062:Large or notable 5769:"Council Housing" 4354:, pp. 88–93. 3949:Modern Law Review 3791: 3783: 3782: 3352: 3351: 3092:England and Wales 3047:Local authorities 3016:Domestic violence 2907: 2906: 2899: 2845: 2844: 2621:Own with mortgage 2500: 2499: 2492: 2474: 2355:Oliver Bond flats 2258:, which emulated 2256:Totterdown Fields 2168:in 1930 and then 2158:overspill estates 2100: 2099: 2092: 1894:Margaret Thatcher 1858: 1850: 1849: 1420:Flats 5–14-storey 1319:Michael Heseltine 1312:Margaret Thatcher 1117:Churchill Gardens 1087:. c. 68) and the 1085:9 & 10 Geo. 6 1058:Quarry Hill Flats 979:, were mocked by 953: 952: 930:Other legislation 898:Act of Parliament 881: 880: 569:Roehampton Estate 461:Totterdown Fields 306:53 & 54 Vict. 148:Margaret Thatcher 68:local authorities 51:, South Yorkshire 16:(Redirected from 9395: 9318:Dependencies and 9022:Sovereign states 9008: 9001: 8994: 8985: 8971: 8970: 8792: 8774:Weavers' cottage 8553:Cities and towns 8523:Housing in Wales 8500: 8493: 8486: 8477: 8441:Overspill estate 8422: 8322: 8309: 8274: 8266:Northern Ireland 8261: 8033: 8020: 7972: 7961: 7931: 7920: 7853: 7842: 7784: 7773: 7710: 7699: 7660: 7635:Stockton-on-Tees 7580: 7540:Gleadless Valley 7513: 7348: 7341: 7330: 7190: 7179: 6851: 6840: 6794:Ashburton Estate 6743:St John's Estate 6718:Cranbrook Estate 6698:Aberfeldy Estate 6675:Roundshaw Estate 6617:Aylesbury Estate 6563:Excalibur Estate 6456:Barnsbury Estate 6433:Ivybridge Estate 6262:Ossulston Estate 6202:Brunswick Centre 6154:Chalkhill Estate 6086: 6073: 6056: 6049: 6042: 6033: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5970: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5931: 5921: 5919: 5917: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5884: 5882: 5880: 5874: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5852: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5764: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5736:. Theatrum Mundi 5724: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5691: 5672: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5644: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5596: 5586: 5580: 5570: 5564: 5554: 5548: 5538: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5516: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5490: 5484: 5481: 5475: 5474: 5467: 5461: 5448: 5442: 5441: 5431: 5425: 5415: 5409: 5404: 5398: 5397: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5365:. Archived from 5359: 5353: 5352: 5345: 5336: 5335: 5328: 5322: 5321: 5293: 5287: 5281: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5256:. Positive Money 5255: 5247: 5241: 5240: 5239:. 15 March 2023. 5229: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5185: 5176: 5175: 5168: 5162: 5161: 5160:. 13 April 2021. 5154: 5148: 5147: 5136: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5116: 5110: 5109: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5063: 5057: 5051: 5045: 5039: 5038: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5013: 5007: 5006: 4999: 4993: 4992: 4985: 4979: 4973: 4967: 4961: 4955: 4954: 4914: 4905: 4904: 4894: 4870: 4864: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4840: 4834: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4810: 4804: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4769: 4763: 4753: 4747: 4737: 4731: 4721: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4698: 4692: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4660: 4651: 4650: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4563: 4554: 4553: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4520: 4514: 4508: 4502: 4499: 4493: 4487: 4481: 4474: 4468: 4462: 4456: 4445: 4439: 4436: 4430: 4424: 4418: 4412: 4406: 4400: 4394: 4388: 4379: 4373: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4349: 4343: 4337: 4331: 4325: 4319: 4318:31 October 2009. 4302: 4296: 4290: 4279: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4252: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4217: 4211: 4205: 4196: 4190: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4166: 4160: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4118: 4112: 4111: 4104: 4098: 4088: 4082: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4051: 4045: 4036: 4030: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3985: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3922: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3910:www.scotsman.com 3902: 3886: 3878: 3785: 3357: 3086: 3039:De Beauvoir Town 3022:Housing Act 1996 2923:crime prevention 2902: 2895: 2891: 2888: 2882: 2860: 2859: 2852: 2618:Privately rented 2609: 2495: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2475: 2473: 2432: 2408: 2400: 2351:Queenie's Castle 2312:Housing Act 1930 2164:, this included 2139:Harold Macmillan 2124:, West Yorkshire 2095: 2088: 2084: 2081: 2075: 2051: 2050: 2043: 2012:financialization 2006:Financialization 1852: 1408: 1308:Housing Act 1980 1268:Richard Crossman 1180:Harold Macmillan 1159:in this period. 1048:, West Yorkshire 1026:Second World War 1014:Housing Act 1930 981:Osbert Lancaster 948:Status: Repealed 907: 906: 893: 888: 869: 867: 865: 851: 833: 830: 824: 821: 409:Population 1938 406:No of dwellings 397: 371:Sir Ernest Simon 298:royal commission 207: 144:Harold Macmillan 100:secure tenancies 58:, also known as 21: 9403: 9402: 9398: 9397: 9396: 9394: 9393: 9392: 9368: 9367: 9366: 9361: 9319: 9313: 9299:Northern Cyprus 9281: 9275: 9196:North Macedonia 9017: 9012: 8982: 8977: 8955: 8934:Working classes 8929: 8898: 8783: 8757:Two-up two-down 8735:Wimpey no-fines 8688:English country 8659: 8569: 8548: 8527: 8509: 8504: 8474: 8465: 8427: 8408: 8390: 8372: 8354: 8338: 8316: 8295: 8278:Greater Belfast 8268: 8247: 8229: 8144: 8027: 8006: 7988: 7966: 7947: 7925: 7906: 7887: 7869: 7847: 7828: 7800: 7778: 7759: 7736: 7704: 7681: 7647: 7643:Ingleby Barwick 7629: 7606: 7576:North Yorkshire 7567: 7549: 7509:South Yorkshire 7500: 7486:Horsefair flats 7457: 7419: 7335: 7316: 7298: 7275: 7252: 7234: 7211: 7207:Hulme Crescents 7184: 7165: 7124: 7099:Blakenall Heath 7080: 7057: 7053:Brickhouse Farm 7008:, West Bromwich 6983: 6927: 6845: 6826: 6808: 6770: 6747: 6723:Lansbury Estate 6703:Boundary Estate 6684: 6661: 6642:Avondale Estate 6603: 6585: 6567: 6539: 6506: 6488: 6465: 6437: 6419: 6401: 6397:Broadwater Farm 6383: 6345: 6317: 6299: 6281: 6277:Wendling Estate 6207:Chalcots Estate 6163: 6120: 6102: 6080: 6067: 6060: 5983: 5981: 5979: 5968: 5962: 5959: 5953: 5943: 5941: 5929: 5924: 5915: 5913: 5908: 5899: 5897: 5887: 5878: 5876: 5872: 5865: 5856: 5854: 5850: 5843: 5834: 5832: 5827: 5818: 5816: 5807: 5798: 5796: 5795:. UK Parliament 5787: 5778: 5776: 5775:. UK Parliament 5767: 5761: 5748: 5739: 5737: 5727: 5710: 5701: 5699: 5694: 5688: 5675: 5666: 5657: 5655: 5647: 5641: 5628: 5619: 5617: 5607: 5599: 5587: 5583: 5577:The Independent 5571: 5567: 5555: 5551: 5539: 5535: 5525: 5523: 5518: 5517: 5513: 5503: 5501: 5492: 5491: 5487: 5482: 5478: 5469: 5468: 5464: 5458:Wayback Machine 5449: 5445: 5433: 5432: 5428: 5416: 5412: 5405: 5401: 5387: 5386: 5382: 5372: 5370: 5361: 5360: 5356: 5347: 5346: 5339: 5330: 5329: 5325: 5318: 5295: 5294: 5290: 5282: 5269: 5259: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5248: 5244: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5216: 5214: 5209: 5208: 5204: 5194: 5192: 5187: 5186: 5179: 5170: 5169: 5165: 5156: 5155: 5151: 5146:. 8 March 2015. 5138: 5137: 5133: 5125: 5118: 5117: 5113: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5086: 5085: 5081: 5073: 5066: 5058: 5054: 5046: 5042: 5029: 5028: 5024: 5015: 5014: 5010: 5001: 5000: 4996: 4987: 4986: 4982: 4974: 4970: 4962: 4958: 4916: 4915: 4908: 4872: 4871: 4867: 4855: 4851: 4842: 4841: 4837: 4829: 4825: 4817: 4813: 4805: 4798: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4771: 4770: 4766: 4754: 4750: 4744:The Independent 4738: 4734: 4722: 4718: 4708: 4706: 4700: 4699: 4695: 4687: 4683: 4673: 4671: 4662: 4661: 4654: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4565: 4564: 4557: 4544: 4543: 4539: 4529: 4527: 4522: 4521: 4517: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4496: 4488: 4484: 4475: 4471: 4463: 4459: 4446: 4442: 4437: 4433: 4425: 4421: 4413: 4409: 4401: 4397: 4389: 4382: 4374: 4370: 4362: 4358: 4350: 4346: 4338: 4334: 4326: 4322: 4303: 4299: 4291: 4282: 4274: 4270: 4260: 4258: 4250: 4245: 4244: 4240: 4230: 4228: 4219: 4218: 4214: 4206: 4199: 4191: 4187: 4179: 4175: 4167: 4163: 4155: 4151: 4141: 4139: 4134: 4133: 4129: 4120: 4119: 4115: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4089: 4085: 4073: 4069: 4061: 4054: 4046: 4039: 4031: 4024: 4016: 4012: 4004: 4000: 3992: 3988: 3980: 3976: 3945: 3944: 3940: 3932: 3925: 3915: 3913: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3890: 3889: 3879: 3875: 3865: 3820: 3797: 3789: 3787: 3081: 3031: 3018: 3003:PRC housing in 2956:working classes 2903: 2892: 2886: 2883: 2876: 2861: 2857: 2850: 2583: 2496: 2485: 2479: 2476: 2433: 2431: 2421: 2409: 2398: 2396:Largest estates 2325: 2272:Progress Estate 2233: 2096: 2085: 2079: 2076: 2065: 2052: 2048: 2041: 2008: 1977:Broadwater Farm 1961:Broadwater Farm 1865:in Birmingham, 1856: 1854: 1400:Hulme Crescents 1381: 1349: 1292: 1243:system building 1193:system building 1165: 1091:of the 1945–51 1034: 1006: 1000: 961:Chamberlain Act 949: 912: 904: 891: 886: 877: 863: 861: 849: 844: 837: 836: 831: 827: 822: 818: 771: 567: 484:White Hart Lane 482: 392: 386: 342:First World War 330: 318:Boundary Estate 283:Farringdon Road 263: 243:tenement blocks 231: 214: 166: 157: 128: 60:council housing 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9401: 9399: 9391: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9370: 9369: 9363: 9362: 9360: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9323: 9321: 9320:other entities 9315: 9314: 9312: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9285: 9283: 9277: 9276: 9274: 9273: 9271:United Kingdom 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9084:Czech Republic 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9025: 9023: 9019: 9018: 9013: 9011: 9010: 9003: 8996: 8988: 8979: 8978: 8976: 8975: 8964: 8961: 8960: 8957: 8956: 8954: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8937: 8935: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8906: 8904: 8900: 8899: 8897: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8880: 8879: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8798: 8796: 8789: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8760: 8759: 8754: 8752:Pre-regulation 8749: 8739: 8738: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8696: 8695: 8685: 8680: 8679: 8678: 8667: 8665: 8661: 8660: 8658: 8657: 8652: 8650:Slum clearance 8647: 8642: 8640:Public Housing 8637: 8632: 8631: 8630: 8620: 8619: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8588: 8583: 8577: 8575: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8567: 8562: 8556: 8554: 8550: 8549: 8547: 8546: 8541: 8535: 8533: 8529: 8528: 8526: 8525: 8520: 8514: 8511: 8510: 8505: 8503: 8502: 8495: 8488: 8480: 8471: 8470: 8467: 8466: 8464: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8436:Cottage estate 8432: 8429: 8428: 8425: 8418: 8417: 8414: 8413: 8410: 8409: 8407: 8406: 8400: 8398: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8388: 8382: 8380: 8374: 8373: 8371: 8370: 8364: 8362: 8356: 8355: 8353: 8352: 8348: 8346: 8340: 8339: 8337: 8336: 8330: 8328: 8318: 8317: 8312: 8305: 8304: 8301: 8300: 8297: 8296: 8294: 8293: 8288: 8282: 8280: 8270: 8269: 8264: 8257: 8256: 8253: 8252: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8245: 8239: 8237: 8231: 8230: 8228: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8154: 8152: 8146: 8145: 8143: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8041: 8039: 8029: 8028: 8023: 8016: 8015: 8012: 8011: 8008: 8007: 8005: 8004: 7998: 7996: 7990: 7989: 7987: 7986: 7980: 7978: 7968: 7967: 7964: 7957: 7956: 7953: 7952: 7949: 7948: 7946: 7945: 7943:Blackbird Leys 7939: 7937: 7927: 7926: 7923: 7916: 7915: 7912: 7911: 7908: 7907: 7905: 7904: 7901: 7897: 7895: 7889: 7888: 7886: 7885: 7879: 7877: 7871: 7870: 7868: 7867: 7861: 7859: 7849: 7848: 7845: 7838: 7837: 7834: 7833: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7810: 7808: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7798: 7792: 7790: 7780: 7779: 7776: 7769: 7768: 7765: 7764: 7761: 7760: 7758: 7757: 7752: 7746: 7744: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7718: 7716: 7706: 7705: 7702: 7695: 7694: 7691: 7690: 7687: 7686: 7683: 7682: 7680: 7679: 7674: 7668: 7666: 7657: 7653: 7652: 7649: 7648: 7646: 7645: 7639: 7637: 7631: 7630: 7628: 7627: 7622: 7616: 7614: 7608: 7607: 7605: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7588: 7586: 7577: 7573: 7572: 7569: 7568: 7566: 7565: 7559: 7557: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7521: 7519: 7510: 7506: 7505: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7467: 7465: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7429: 7427: 7421: 7420: 7418: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7388: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7356: 7354: 7345: 7344:West Yorkshire 7337: 7336: 7333: 7326: 7325: 7322: 7321: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7314: 7308: 7306: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7296: 7294:Haughton Green 7291: 7285: 7283: 7277: 7276: 7274: 7273: 7268: 7262: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7250: 7244: 7242: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7232: 7227: 7221: 7219: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7209: 7204: 7198: 7196: 7186: 7185: 7182: 7175: 7174: 7171: 7170: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7163: 7154: 7145: 7140: 7134: 7132: 7126: 7125: 7123: 7122: 7120:Mossley Estate 7117: 7107: 7101: 7096: 7090: 7088: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7078: 7073: 7071:Chelmsley Wood 7067: 7065: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7055: 7050: 7044:Galton Village 7041: 7032: 7027: 7018: 7009: 7003: 6993: 6991: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6981: 6972: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6937: 6935: 6929: 6928: 6926: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6859: 6857: 6847: 6846: 6843: 6836: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6824: 6818: 6816: 6810: 6809: 6807: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6780: 6778: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6768: 6763: 6761:Cathall Estate 6757: 6755: 6753:Waltham Forest 6749: 6748: 6746: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6705: 6700: 6694: 6692: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6682: 6677: 6671: 6669: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6659: 6654: 6652:Silwood Estate 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6632:Ledbury Estate 6629: 6627:Heygate Estate 6624: 6622:Brandon Estate 6619: 6613: 6611: 6605: 6604: 6602: 6601: 6595: 6593: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6583: 6577: 6575: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6553:Downham Estate 6549: 6547: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6516: 6514: 6508: 6507: 6505: 6504: 6498: 6496: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6486: 6481: 6479:Lancaster West 6475: 6473: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6461:Harvist Estate 6458: 6453: 6451:Andover Estate 6447: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6435: 6429: 6427: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6417: 6411: 6409: 6403: 6402: 6400: 6399: 6393: 6391: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6381: 6376: 6374:Pembury Estate 6371: 6366: 6364:New Era Estate 6361: 6355: 6353: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6331:Ferrier Estate 6327: 6325: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6315: 6309: 6307: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6297: 6291: 6289: 6287:City of London 6283: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6173: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6161: 6159:Watling Estate 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6130: 6128: 6122: 6121: 6119: 6118: 6112: 6110: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6100: 6094: 6092: 6082: 6081: 6078:Greater London 6076: 6069: 6068: 6061: 6059: 6058: 6051: 6044: 6036: 6030: 6029: 6024: 6018: 6012: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5990: 5977: 5958: 5957:External links 5955: 5951: 5950: 5922: 5906: 5885: 5863: 5841: 5825: 5805: 5785: 5765: 5759: 5746: 5725: 5708: 5692: 5686: 5673: 5664: 5645: 5639: 5626: 5604: 5603: 5598: 5597: 5581: 5565: 5549: 5533: 5511: 5485: 5476: 5462: 5443: 5426: 5410: 5399: 5380: 5354: 5337: 5323: 5316: 5288: 5267: 5242: 5224: 5202: 5177: 5163: 5149: 5131: 5111: 5093: 5079: 5064: 5052: 5040: 5022: 5008: 4994: 4980: 4968: 4956: 4929:(2): 184–202. 4906: 4865: 4849: 4835: 4823: 4811: 4796: 4782: 4764: 4748: 4732: 4716: 4693: 4681: 4652: 4589: 4555: 4537: 4515: 4503: 4494: 4482: 4469: 4457: 4440: 4431: 4419: 4417:, p. 103. 4407: 4395: 4380: 4368: 4356: 4344: 4332: 4320: 4297: 4295:, p. 155. 4280: 4278:, p. 154. 4268: 4238: 4212: 4197: 4195:, p. 153. 4185: 4183:, p. 184. 4173: 4171:, p. 167. 4161: 4149: 4127: 4113: 4099: 4083: 4067: 4052: 4037: 4022: 4010: 3998: 3986: 3974: 3956:(2): 157–181, 3938: 3923: 3896: 3895: 3894: 3888: 3887: 3872: 3871: 3870: 3869: 3864: 3861: 3860: 3859: 3857:Public housing 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3826: 3819: 3816: 3796: 3793: 3781: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3763: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3745: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3726: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3707: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3688: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3669: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3631: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3593: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3574: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3555: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3536: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3517: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3497: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3437: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3417: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3397: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3377: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3350: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3339: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3328: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3317: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3295: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3284: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3273: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3240: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3229: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3218: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3207: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3185: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3174: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3119: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3108: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3097: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3080: 3077: 3072:Respect Agenda 3041:, east London 3030: 3027: 3017: 3014: 2905: 2904: 2864: 2862: 2855: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2824: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2729: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2664: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2626: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2600:Greater London 2582: 2579: 2498: 2497: 2412: 2410: 2403: 2397: 2394: 2359:Red Road flats 2324: 2321: 2232: 2229: 2225:North Tyneside 2098: 2097: 2080:September 2018 2055: 2053: 2046: 2040: 2037: 2028:securitization 2007: 2004: 2000:social housing 1994:, north London 1967:, north London 1927:Waltham Forest 1892:government of 1875:gentrification 1867:Trellick Tower 1848: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1828: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1808: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1788: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1528: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1468: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1380: 1377: 1348: 1347:Stock transfer 1345: 1291: 1288: 1280:Chelmsley Wood 1197:prefabrication 1176:slum clearance 1164: 1161: 1066:slum clearance 1033: 1030: 1022:slum clearance 1002:Main article: 999: 996: 977:Taylor Woodrow 951: 950: 947: 944: 943: 938: 932: 931: 927: 926: 920: 914: 913: 908: 900: 899: 895: 894: 884: 879: 878: 876: 875: 838: 835: 834: 825: 815: 814: 811: 810: 808: 805: 802: 799: 796:Whitefoot Lane 792: 791: 788: 785: 782: 779: 767: 766: 763: 760: 757: 754: 748: 747: 745: 742: 739: 736: 734:Headstone Lane 730: 729: 726: 723: 720: 717: 708: 707: 704: 701: 698: 695: 689: 688: 684: 683: 680: 677: 674: 671: 665: 664: 661: 658: 655: 652: 646: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 627: 626: 623: 620: 617: 614: 608: 607: 604: 601: 598: 595: 589: 588: 584: 583: 580: 577: 574: 571: 561: 560: 557: 554: 551: 548: 542: 541: 538: 535: 532: 529: 523: 522: 519: 516: 513: 510: 504: 503: 499: 498: 495: 492: 489: 486: 476: 475: 472: 469: 466: 463: 457: 456: 453: 450: 447: 444: 438: 437: 434: 431: 428: 425: 419: 418: 414: 413: 410: 407: 404: 401: 388:Main article: 385: 382: 329: 326: 262: 259: 230: 227: 222:inclosure acts 213: 210: 165: 162: 156: 153: 136:slum clearance 127: 124: 72:council houses 64:social housing 26: 24: 18:Council Estate 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9400: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9375: 9373: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9332:Faroe Islands 9330: 9328: 9325: 9324: 9322: 9316: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9304:South Ossetia 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9286: 9284: 9278: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9156:Liechtenstein 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9026: 9024: 9020: 9016: 9009: 9004: 9002: 8997: 8995: 8990: 8989: 8986: 8974: 8966: 8965: 8962: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8938: 8936: 8932: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8907: 8905: 8901: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8878: 8875: 8874: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8799: 8797: 8793: 8790: 8786: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8744: 8743: 8740: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8717: 8716: 8715:Prefabricated 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8694: 8691: 8690: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8677: 8674: 8673: 8672: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8662: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8629: 8626: 8625: 8624: 8623:Homes England 8621: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8581:Affordability 8579: 8578: 8576: 8572: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8557: 8555: 8551: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8536: 8534: 8532:Architectures 8530: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8515: 8512: 8508: 8501: 8496: 8494: 8489: 8487: 8482: 8481: 8478: 8462: 8461:Council house 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8433: 8430: 8426:Town planning 8423: 8419: 8405: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8397: 8393: 8387: 8384: 8383: 8381: 8379: 8375: 8369: 8366: 8365: 8363: 8361: 8357: 8350: 8349: 8347: 8345: 8344:Milford Haven 8341: 8335: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8327: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8310: 8306: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8283: 8281: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8262: 8258: 8244: 8241: 8240: 8238: 8236: 8232: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8183: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8158:Wester Hailes 8156: 8155: 8153: 8151: 8147: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8034: 8030: 8026: 8021: 8017: 8003: 8000: 7999: 7997: 7995: 7991: 7985: 7982: 7981: 7979: 7977: 7973: 7969: 7962: 7958: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7936: 7932: 7928: 7921: 7917: 7902: 7899: 7898: 7896: 7894: 7890: 7884: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7872: 7866: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7858: 7854: 7850: 7843: 7839: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7807: 7803: 7797: 7794: 7793: 7791: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7777:East Midlands 7774: 7770: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7747: 7745: 7743: 7739: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7700: 7696: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7669: 7667: 7665: 7661: 7658: 7654: 7644: 7641: 7640: 7638: 7636: 7632: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7620:Coulby Newham 7618: 7617: 7615: 7613: 7612:Middlesbrough 7609: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7589: 7587: 7585: 7581: 7578: 7574: 7564: 7561: 7560: 7558: 7556: 7552: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7522: 7520: 7518: 7514: 7511: 7507: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7468: 7466: 7464: 7460: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7426: 7422: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7405:Little London 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7392: 7391:Lincoln Green 7389: 7387:(Leek Street) 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7353: 7349: 7346: 7342: 7338: 7331: 7327: 7313: 7310: 7309: 7307: 7305: 7301: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7282: 7278: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7255: 7249: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7241: 7237: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7220: 7218: 7214: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7180: 7176: 7162: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7130:Wolverhampton 7127: 7121: 7118: 7115: 7111: 7108: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7091: 7089: 7087: 7083: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7060: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7013: 7010: 7007: 7004: 7002: 7001:West Bromwich 6998: 6997:Hateley Heath 6995: 6994: 6992: 6990: 6986: 6980: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6970:Brierley Hill 6967: 6964: 6962: 6961:Beacon Estate 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6946:Priory Estate 6944: 6942: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6934: 6930: 6924: 6923:Weoley Castle 6921: 6919: 6918:The Sentinels 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6903:Perry Beeches 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6844:West Midlands 6841: 6837: 6823: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6811: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6777: 6773: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6754: 6750: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6738:Samuda Estate 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6728:Keeling House 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6713: 6712:Balfron Tower 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6690:Tower Hamlets 6687: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6664: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6606: 6600: 6599:Ludovick Walk 6597: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6588: 6582: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6570: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6542: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6513: 6509: 6503: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6491: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6472: 6468: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6440: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6422: 6416: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6408: 6404: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6386: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6348: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6320: 6314: 6311: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6302: 6296: 6293: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6284: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6242:Lamble Street 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6212:Denton Estate 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6192:Bourne Estate 6190: 6188: 6187:Bacton Estate 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6166: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6144:South Kilburn 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6127: 6123: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6105: 6099: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6074: 6070: 6065: 6057: 6052: 6050: 6045: 6043: 6038: 6037: 6034: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5994: 5991: 5980: 5978:9781409846420 5974: 5967: 5966: 5961: 5960: 5956: 5954: 5939: 5935: 5928: 5923: 5911: 5907: 5895: 5891: 5886: 5871: 5870: 5864: 5849: 5848: 5842: 5831:. Ideal Homes 5830: 5826: 5815: 5811: 5806: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5760:0-7190-5606-3 5756: 5752: 5747: 5735: 5731: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5709: 5698: 5693: 5689: 5687:9781847087027 5683: 5679: 5674: 5670: 5665: 5653: 5652: 5646: 5642: 5636: 5632: 5627: 5615: 5611: 5606: 5605: 5601: 5600: 5595: 5594: 5590: 5585: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5574: 5569: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5558: 5553: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5542: 5537: 5534: 5521: 5515: 5512: 5500:. 25 May 2017 5499: 5495: 5489: 5486: 5480: 5477: 5472: 5466: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5452: 5447: 5444: 5439: 5438: 5430: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5419: 5414: 5411: 5408: 5403: 5400: 5395: 5391: 5384: 5381: 5368: 5364: 5358: 5355: 5350: 5344: 5342: 5338: 5333: 5327: 5324: 5319: 5317:9781861348159 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5300: 5292: 5289: 5285: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5268: 5252: 5246: 5243: 5238: 5234: 5228: 5225: 5212: 5206: 5203: 5190: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5173: 5167: 5164: 5159: 5153: 5150: 5145: 5141: 5135: 5132: 5124: 5123: 5115: 5112: 5107: 5103: 5097: 5094: 5089: 5083: 5080: 5077:, Section 4.. 5076: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5062:, Section 3.. 5061: 5056: 5053: 5049: 5048:Progress 1915 5044: 5041: 5036: 5032: 5026: 5023: 5018: 5012: 5009: 5004: 4998: 4995: 4990: 4984: 4981: 4978:, p. 95. 4977: 4972: 4969: 4966:, p. 94. 4965: 4960: 4957: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4902: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4869: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4853: 4850: 4845: 4839: 4836: 4832: 4827: 4824: 4820: 4815: 4812: 4808: 4803: 4801: 4797: 4785: 4783:1-86134-545-3 4779: 4775: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4752: 4749: 4746: 4745: 4741: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4729: 4725: 4720: 4717: 4704: 4697: 4694: 4690: 4685: 4682: 4670: 4666: 4659: 4657: 4653: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4603:Urban Studies 4600: 4593: 4590: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4562: 4560: 4556: 4551: 4547: 4541: 4538: 4525: 4519: 4516: 4513:, p. 29. 4512: 4507: 4504: 4498: 4495: 4491: 4486: 4483: 4479: 4473: 4470: 4466: 4461: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4444: 4441: 4435: 4432: 4428: 4423: 4420: 4416: 4411: 4408: 4404: 4399: 4396: 4393:, Section 6.. 4392: 4387: 4385: 4381: 4378:, p. 93. 4377: 4372: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4357: 4353: 4348: 4345: 4341: 4336: 4333: 4329: 4324: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4298: 4294: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4272: 4269: 4256: 4249: 4242: 4239: 4227: 4223: 4216: 4213: 4209: 4204: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4189: 4186: 4182: 4177: 4174: 4170: 4165: 4162: 4158: 4153: 4150: 4137: 4131: 4128: 4123: 4117: 4114: 4109: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4093: 4087: 4084: 4081: 4077: 4071: 4068: 4065:, Section 2.. 4064: 4059: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4029: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4014: 4011: 4008:, p. 92. 4007: 4002: 3999: 3996:, p. 60. 3995: 3990: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3950: 3942: 3939: 3935: 3930: 3928: 3924: 3911: 3907: 3901: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3884: 3883:Parker Morris 3877: 3874: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3815: 3807: 3803: 3800: 3794: 3792: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3727: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3708: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3689: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3632: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3575: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3556: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3537: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3498: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3478: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3355: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3219: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3197: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3153: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3087: 3084: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3048: 3040: 3035: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3015: 3010: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2994: 2987: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2970: 2964: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2911: 2901: 2898: 2890: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2863: 2854: 2853: 2847: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2687:White British 2685: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2627: 2624:Own outright 2623: 2620: 2617: 2615:Social rented 2614: 2611: 2610: 2604: 2601: 2596: 2587: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2543:Wester Hailes 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2504: 2494: 2491: 2483: 2480:February 2024 2472: 2469: 2465: 2462: 2458: 2455: 2451: 2448: 2444: 2441: – 2440: 2436: 2435:Find sources: 2429: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2413:This article 2411: 2407: 2402: 2401: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2342:Karl-Marx-Hof 2339: 2329: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2306: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2231:Estate design 2230: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2135:Aneurin Bevan 2132: 2123: 2118: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2094: 2091: 2083: 2073: 2072:the talk page 2069: 2063: 2061: 2056:This section 2054: 2045: 2044: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1993: 1988: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1939:Tower Hamlets 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1888:In 1988, the 1886: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1863:The Sentinels 1859: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1789: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1745: 1742: 1739: 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1213: 1209: 1205: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1174: 1170: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1129:semi-detached 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1102:Aneurin Bevan 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1031: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1005: 997: 995: 993: 988: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 945: 942: 939: 937: 933: 928: 924: 921: 919: 915: 911: 901: 896: 889: 883: 873: 859: 855: 848: 843: 842: 841: 829: 826: 820: 817: 812: 809: 806: 803: 800: 797: 794: 793: 789: 786: 783: 780: 778: 776: 769: 768: 764: 761: 758: 755: 753: 750: 749: 746: 743: 740: 737: 735: 732: 731: 727: 724: 721: 718: 716: 713: 710: 709: 705: 702: 699: 696: 694: 691: 690: 686: 685: 681: 678: 675: 672: 670: 667: 666: 662: 659: 656: 653: 651: 648: 647: 643: 640: 637: 634: 632: 629: 628: 624: 621: 618: 615: 613: 610: 609: 605: 602: 599: 596: 594: 591: 590: 586: 585: 581: 578: 575: 572: 570: 566: 563: 562: 558: 555: 552: 549: 547: 544: 543: 539: 536: 533: 530: 528: 525: 524: 520: 517: 514: 511: 509: 506: 505: 501: 500: 496: 493: 490: 487: 485: 481: 480:Tower Gardens 478: 477: 473: 470: 467: 464: 462: 459: 458: 454: 451: 448: 445: 443: 440: 439: 435: 432: 429: 426: 424: 421: 420: 416: 415: 411: 408: 405: 402: 399: 398: 391: 383: 381: 379: 378:public sector 374: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 347: 343: 339: 335: 334:Raymond Unwin 327: 325: 323: 322:Tower Hamlets 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 296:That year, a 294: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 267: 260: 258: 256: 255:Port Sunlight 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 228: 226: 223: 219: 211: 209: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 179: 175: 170: 163: 161: 154: 152: 149: 145: 141: 140:Aneurin Bevan 137: 133: 125: 123: 121: 117: 113: 109: 104: 101: 96: 94: 90: 86: 80: 77: 73: 70:and known as 69: 65: 61: 57: 50: 45: 38: 34: 30: 19: 9309:Transnistria 9270: 8779:Wealden hall 8764:Tower blocks 8725:Atholl steel 8671:Back-to-back 8645:Right to Buy 8639: 8591:Homelessness 8386:Ely, Cardiff 8351:Mount Estate 7722:Norris Green 7677:Orchard Park 7476:Chequerfield 7448:Ravenscliffe 7148:Ashmore Park 6898:Kings Norton 6878:Druids Heath 6784:Alton Estate 6530:Central Hill 6116:Grahame Park 6063: 5982:. Retrieved 5964: 5952: 5942:. Retrieved 5937: 5934:Transactions 5933: 5914:. Retrieved 5898:. Retrieved 5894:the original 5877:. Retrieved 5868: 5855:. Retrieved 5846: 5833:. Retrieved 5817:. Retrieved 5813: 5797:. Retrieved 5792: 5777:. Retrieved 5772: 5750: 5738:. Retrieved 5733: 5720: 5716: 5700:. Retrieved 5677: 5656:. Retrieved 5650: 5630: 5618:. Retrieved 5613: 5602:Bibliography 5593:The Guardian 5591: 5584: 5575: 5568: 5561:The Guardian 5559: 5552: 5545:The Observer 5543: 5536: 5524:. Retrieved 5514: 5502:. Retrieved 5488: 5479: 5465: 5460:(6 May 2005) 5446: 5435: 5429: 5420: 5413: 5402: 5396:(6): 209–211 5393: 5389: 5383: 5371:. Retrieved 5367:the original 5357: 5351:. OpenLearn. 5326: 5298: 5291: 5258:. Retrieved 5245: 5237:The Guardian 5236: 5227: 5215:. Retrieved 5205: 5193:. Retrieved 5166: 5152: 5144:The Guardian 5143: 5134: 5121: 5114: 5105: 5096: 5082: 5055: 5043: 5034: 5025: 5011: 4997: 4983: 4971: 4959: 4926: 4922: 4882: 4878: 4868: 4859: 4852: 4838: 4826: 4814: 4787:. Retrieved 4767: 4760:The Guardian 4758: 4751: 4742: 4735: 4726: 4719: 4707:. Retrieved 4696: 4684: 4672:. Retrieved 4668: 4606: 4602: 4592: 4575: 4571: 4549: 4540: 4528:. Retrieved 4518: 4506: 4497: 4485: 4477: 4472: 4460: 4451:(Enterprise 4448: 4443: 4434: 4426: 4422: 4410: 4398: 4371: 4359: 4347: 4335: 4323: 4308: 4300: 4271: 4259:. Retrieved 4254: 4241: 4229:. Retrieved 4225: 4215: 4188: 4181:Burnett 1986 4176: 4169:Yelling 1995 4164: 4152: 4140:. Retrieved 4130: 4116: 4102: 4091: 4086: 4075: 4070: 4013: 4001: 3989: 3977: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3914:. Retrieved 3909: 3900: 3876: 3828: 3812: 3801: 3798: 3784: 3375:Total flats 3353: 3082: 3044: 3019: 2989: 2984: 2973: 2965: 2960:post-war era 2952:World War II 2942:versus as a 2937: 2933: 2928: 2919:sink estates 2912: 2908: 2893: 2884: 2866: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2612:Ethnic group 2592: 2581:Demographics 2516: 2501: 2486: 2477: 2467: 2460: 2453: 2446: 2434: 2422:Please help 2417:verification 2414: 2382: 2367: 2363: 2334: 2309: 2302: 2287: 2276: 2249: 2174: 2154:World War II 2147: 2127: 2086: 2077: 2066:Please help 2057: 2020:deregulation 2018:agenda, the 2009: 1997: 1970: 1931:South London 1890:Conservative 1887: 1860: 1851: 1426:Total flats 1404: 1397: 1382: 1374: 1366: 1350: 1341: 1338: 1331: 1327:Right to Buy 1323: 1304:Right to Buy 1301: 1290:Right to buy 1265: 1262: 1255: 1248: 1240: 1236: 1229: 1212:Tower blocks 1206: 1169:Conservative 1166: 1153: 1131:or in small 1110: 1078: 1051: 1028:intervened. 1007: 989: 956: 954: 882: 871: 862:. Retrieved 857: 854:Transactions 853: 839: 828: 819: 772: 752:Kenmore Park 714: 568: 483: 400:Estate name 375: 337: 331: 295: 272: 239:Octavia Hill 232: 215: 204:, dating to 183: 158: 129: 108:Right to Buy 105: 97: 81: 63: 59: 55: 54: 49:Hackenthorpe 29: 9383:House types 9347:Isle of Man 9282:recognition 9256:Switzerland 9191:Netherlands 8606:Gatekeeping 8456:Tower block 8215:Dumbiedykes 8182:Craigmillar 8168:East Pilton 8163:West Pilton 8065:Easterhouse 8055:Garthamlock 8050:The Gorbals 7924:Oxfordshire 7893:Southampton 7846:South coast 7824:The Meadows 7545:Grimethorpe 7453:Thorpe Edge 7400:Lovell Park 7395:Burmantofts 7380:Halton Moor 7370:Cross Gates 7266:Brinnington 7202:Wythenshawe 7152:Wednesfield 7112:,(formerly 6941:Wren's Nest 6868:Castle Vale 6814:Westminster 6252:Maiden Lane 6197:Branch Hill 6134:Stonebridge 5944:19 December 5879:17 December 5857:17 December 5814:BBC History 5789:"New Towns" 5702:29 December 5373:8 September 5284:Hanley 2012 4976:Hanley 2012 4964:Hanley 2012 4511:Hanley 2012 4415:Hanley 2012 4403:Hanley 2012 4376:Hanley 2012 4364:Gimson 2013 4352:Hanley 2012 4310:MSN Encarta 4246:Knox, W.W. 4142:24 December 4018:Hanley 2012 4006:Hanley 2012 3994:Hanley 2012 3934:Hollow 2011 3372:Maisonettes 3052:crack house 2993:Will Hutton 2969:bedroom tax 2948:World War I 2790:Bangladeshi 2733:White Irish 2539:Craigmillar 2527:Easterhouse 2508:Wythenshawe 2370:Castle Vale 2338:Quarry Hill 2260:garden city 2221:Meadow Well 2177:Grimethorpe 2166:Wythenshawe 1947:Castle Vale 1943:East London 1919:Stonebridge 1385:Ronan Point 1362:referendums 1276:Castle Vale 1251:councillors 1241:The use of 1195:(a form of 1121:Westminster 936:Repealed by 864:19 December 316:opened the 253:(1879) and 216:The public 89:maisonettes 9372:Categories 9226:San Marino 9186:Montenegro 9166:Luxembourg 9146:Kazakhstan 9049:Azerbaijan 8201:Broomhouse 8186:Greendykes 8115:Priesthill 8080:Barmulloch 8075:Drumchapel 8070:Castlemilk 7994:Sunderland 7965:North East 7883:Leigh Park 7865:Paulsgrove 7857:Portsmouth 7806:Nottingham 7788:Derbyshire 7755:Woodchurch 7703:Merseyside 7672:Bransholme 7625:Grove Hill 7525:Brightside 7443:Holme Wood 7438:Buttershaw 7365:Cottingley 7360:Belle Isle 7289:Hattersley 7194:Manchester 7138:Heath Town 7021:Tibbington 7016:Wednesbury 7012:Friar Park 6951:Kates Hill 6873:Charlemont 6855:Birmingham 6776:Wandsworth 6558:Bellingham 6341:Thamesmead 5916:3 December 5900:9 December 5819:9 December 5799:9 December 5779:9 December 5740:7 December 5723:(1): 7–16. 5640:0416367801 5620:9 December 4689:Allen 2009 4674:25 January 4609:(6): 908. 4584:10023/6629 4578:(2): 104. 4530:14 January 4467:, page 3.. 4453:LSE Cities 4124:. 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BBC. 4949: 4941: 4899: 4780: 4709:5 July 4645: 4637: 4629: 3968: 3786:Notes: 3062:, and 2976:Culyer 2630:Indian 2563:Bettws 2535:Pollok 2466: 2459: 2452: 2445: 2437: 2205:Walker 1879:leases 1853:Notes: 1389:Newham 1104:, the 1093:Labour 965:Wimpey 518:115652 277:built 208:1133. 9327:Åland 9246:Spain 9171:Malta 9141:Italy 8720:Airey 8314:Wales 8045:Arden 7984:Byker 7727:Speke 7563:Balby 7530:Manor 7352:Leeds 7312:Irlam 6126:Brent 5969:(PDF) 5930:(PDF) 5873:(PDF) 5851:(PDF) 5254:(PDF) 5126:(PDF) 4947:S2CID 4643:S2CID 4635:JSTOR 4255:SCRAN 4251:(PDF) 3966:S2CID 3893:Notes 3779:22.3 3761:24.4 3743:17.8 3724:21.0 3705:15.9 3686:23.0 3667:13.4 3648:18.1 3629:32.8 3610:38.1 3591:47.2 3572:42.8 3553:40.9 3534:53.4 3515:58.1 3495:64.8 3475:61.4 3455:59.1 3435:61.8 3415:47.5 3395:53.3 3315:14.3 3312:121.2 3304:21.2 3301:124.2 3293:22.8 3290:122.9 3282:16.2 3271:17.3 3260:19.6 3249:28.6 3246:117.2 3238:34.4 3235:134.9 3227:34.3 3224:139.9 3216:33.3 3213:148.0 3205:34.0 3202:159.3 3194:28.2 3191:142.4 3183:27.6 3180:140.9 3172:29.5 3169:126.1 3161:21.6 3158:102.4 3150:19.0 3147:111.7 3139:20.1 3128:25.9 3125:124.4 3117:30.9 3114:188.1 3106:14.3 3064:ASBIs 3009:Leeds 2944:right 2809:Black 2771:Mixed 2551:Wales 2471:JSTOR 2457:books 2374:Aston 2201:Byker 2181:Leeds 2160:. 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Public housing in the United Kingdom

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