156:
1649:, who now usurped the throne. Photios was deposed as patriarch, not so much because he was a protégé of Bardas and Michael, but because Basil was seeking an alliance with the Pope and the western emperor. Photios was removed from his office and banished about the end of September 867, and Ignatios was reinstated on 23 November. Photios was condemned by a
1724:
to the creed but also denounced the clause as heretical (a view strongly espoused by
Photius in his polemics against Rome), while Roman Catholics separate the two and insist on the theological orthodoxy of the clause. According to non-Catholic Philip Schaff, "To the Greek acts was afterwards added a
1641:
and the western bishops took up the cause of
Ignatios and condemned Photios's election as uncanonical. In 863, at a synod in Rome the pope deposed Photios, and reappointed Ignatius as the rightful patriarch. However, Photius enjoined the support of the Emperor and responded by calling a Council and
1716:) was read out and a condemnation pronounced against those who 'impose on it their own invented phrases and put this forth as a common lesson to the faithful or to those who return from some kind of heresy and display the audacity to falsify completely the antiquity of this sacred and venerable
1797:
are recognized as ecumenical and authoritative by both East and West, many
Eastern Orthodox Christians recognize the council of 879 as the Eighth Ecumenical Council, arguing that it annulled the earlier one. This council is referred to as Ecumenical in the
1128:
603:
1888:"Photius." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005. Quote: "It was only after Ignatius' death (877) that Photius, by order of the Emperor, once more became Patriarch."
1697:(872-882) would recognize the validity of Photius's claim upon the patriarchate. This council, sometimes called the eighth ecumenical in the East was attended by the papal legates (who had brought with them a gift from the pope—a
613:
1778:. Since the Bulgarians were not satisfied with the positions of the Pope after prolonged negotiations, they reached favorable agreement with the Byzantines and the decision was taken that the Bulgarian Church should become
658:
663:
633:
948:
1756:
opines that the pope, deceived by his legates about the actual proceedings, first applauded the emperor but later denounced the council. In any case, the Pope had already accepted the reinstatement of
155:
1725:(pretended) letter of Pope John VIII to Photius, declaring the Filioque to be an addition which is rejected by the church of Rome, and a blasphemy which must be abolished calmly and by degrees."
653:
1562:
638:
1000:
961:
643:
460:
648:
1637:, a renowned scholar and kinsman of Bardas. The deposition of Ignatius without a formal ecclesiastical trial and the sudden promotion of Photios caused scandal in the church.
578:
2260:
1807:
1790:
1745:
31:
764:
1650:
628:
608:
1133:
623:
618:
1231:
499:
455:
1138:
2156:
1555:
1221:
561:
551:
1720:
with illegitimate words, or additions, or subtractions'." Eastern
Orthodox Christians argue that thereby the council condemned not only the addition of the
1347:
754:
723:
296:
181:
2664:
1752:, dispute this view, arguing that the pope rejected the council. Siecienski says that the Pope gave only a qualified assent to the acts of the council.
583:
395:
390:
2637:
Even though the
Council was moved to Ferrara in 1438 and later to Florence, some bishops refused to move and remained in a parallel Council at Basel.
2530:
1548:
739:
405:
329:
1251:
359:
1615:
943:
900:
400:
319:
201:
2099:
1693:). Anthony Edward Siecienski writes: "In 879 the emperor called for another council to meet in Constantinople in the hopes that the new pope,
971:
966:
2694:
2689:
1840:
1528:
1246:
2669:
1799:
1518:
1508:
1335:
1112:
994:
212:
190:
2123:
1226:
2674:
1196:
1163:
953:
933:
536:
1645:
This state of affairs changed when
Photius's patrons, Bardas and Emperor Michael III, were murdered in 866 and 867, respectively, by
2149:
2058:
710:
1958:
1026:
1653:
from 5 October 869 to 28 February 870. Photius was deposed and barred from the patriarchal office, while
Ignatius was reinstated.
2679:
2558:
2214:
886:
823:
339:
2495:
2440:
2408:
2389:
2253:
2222:
2190:
2173:
1819:
1794:
852:
828:
808:
794:
80:
1392:
2503:
2292:
2276:
1626:
1363:
1291:
354:
2129:
2659:
2340:
2284:
2268:
2242:
2142:
1533:
1106:
928:
344:
304:
1757:
1674:
1670:
1634:
1584:
1483:
774:
109:
2423:
1662:
1611:
923:
531:
488:
476:
139:
1633:
engineered
Ignatius's deposition and confinement on the charge of treason. The patriarchal throne was filled with
2606:
2590:
2456:
1775:
987:
881:
734:
715:
425:
186:
2464:
2230:
1413:
1151:
833:
744:
556:
541:
450:
430:
420:
277:
196:
68:
1987:
2487:
2432:
2379:
2182:
2050:
1256:
1021:
803:
759:
749:
546:
415:
410:
147:
2364:
2308:
1764:
1523:
688:
445:
2562:
2356:
2300:
1458:
1216:
247:
938:
1810:
as the eighth ecumenical council and does not place the council of 879 among its ecumenical councils.
1763:
On 8 March 870, three days after the end of the council, the papal and
Eastern delegates met with the
2614:
2566:
2550:
2534:
2324:
2206:
1468:
1433:
818:
366:
272:
243:
1701:
for
Photius) and by over 400 bishops, and who immediately confirmed Photius as rightful patriarch."
2511:
2332:
2115:
1478:
1448:
1856:
2478:
2448:
2198:
2165:
2029:
1595:
1428:
1358:
1072:
1011:
876:
813:
787:
251:
161:
127:
17:
2684:
2574:
2316:
2054:
1779:
1666:
1423:
1418:
1387:
1301:
1276:
1056:
866:
56:
483:
Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:
2348:
1771:
1591:
1463:
1438:
1266:
1041:
918:
703:
440:
435:
324:
267:
2015:
1803:
1741:
1721:
1686:
1638:
1488:
1443:
698:
573:
526:
2100:"The Eighth Ecumenical Council: Constantinople IV (879/880) and the Condemnation of the
1966:
1841:"The Eighth Ecumenical Council: Constantinople IV (879/880) and the Condemnation of the
2582:
2538:
1786:
1749:
1694:
1678:
1619:
1513:
1271:
1236:
1158:
908:
871:
693:
2653:
2068:
1927:
1753:
1453:
1377:
1342:
683:
1618:
in 858. Ignatius, himself appointed to his office in an uncanonical manner, opposed
2704:
2699:
2546:
1734:
1709:
1206:
1061:
314:
262:
165:
2086:
1915:
2044:
2033:
2019:
1744:
argues that the pope accepted the acts of the council and annulled those of the
1630:
1281:
1201:
1191:
1176:
1051:
1016:
380:
309:
1382:
1261:
1241:
1095:
2091:
2598:
2087:
Philip Schaff's Church History: Conflict of the Eastern and Western Churches
1682:
1610:
The Council settled the dispute that had broken out after the deposition of
1580:
1311:
1306:
1296:
1286:
1211:
1119:
1031:
913:
282:
219:
206:
1705:
1321:
1316:
1171:
1101:
1089:
1078:
517:
1698:
1690:
1646:
1186:
1036:
91:
2134:
1793:
and 879 represents a break between East and West. While the previous
1768:
1712:, an addition rejected at that time in Rome: "The Creed (without the
1622:
1473:
1066:
349:
334:
1181:
1084:
2627:* Ecumenical status disputed within the Eastern Orthodox Church.
494:
Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:
386:
Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:
1046:
225:
2138:
1916:
Philip Schaff, Conflict of the Eastern and Western Churches
1896:
1894:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1704:
The council also implicitly condemned the addition of the
2124:
T. R. Valentine, The Eighth and Ninth Ecumenical Councils
2335:(Basel/Lausanne: 1431–1449; Ferrara/Florence: 1438–1445)
2126:(An Eastern Orthodox perspective on the Council of 879)
2120:(An Eastern Orthodox perspective on the Council of 879)
2092:
Catholic Encyclopedia: Fourth Council of Constantinople
1579:
was held in 879–880. It confirmed the reinstatement of
467:
Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches
1946:
History of the Bulgarian State during the Middle Ages
1629:. In response, Bardas' nephew, the youthful Emperor
2522:
2475:
2420:
2375:
2241:
2172:
116:
105:
97:
86:
74:
62:
52:
44:
39:
122:Restoration of Photius, protection of Nicene creed
32:Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church)
2046:The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy
1590:The result of this council is accepted by the
2150:
1556:
30:For the Catholic 8th Ecumenical Council, see
27:Synod accepted by the Eastern Orthodox Church
8:
2024:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
1959:"Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs, 1848"
2157:
2143:
2135:
1900:
1876:
1563:
1549:
134:
1677:. A council was convened in 879, held at
1598:. Eastern Orthodox sometimes call it the
128:Chronological list of ecumenical councils
2531:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical)
2130:The First-Second Council from the Rudder
1934:. Edinburgh, Scotland: Liturgical Press.
1911:
1909:
1733:The council was held in the presence of
2630:
1831:
172:
146:
2021:The Photian Schism: History and Legend
36:
2108:The Greek Orthodox Theological Review
1963:Orthodox Christian Information Center
1849:The Greek Orthodox Theological Review
1748:. Other Catholic historians, such as
7:
1948:, vol. 1, ch. 2, Sofia, 1971, p. 159
1800:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs
1681:, comprising the representatives of
1519:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs
1129:Differences from the Catholic Church
995:History of Eastern Orthodox theology
2043:Siecienski, Anthony Edward (2010).
1789:(863–867) that led to the councils
1737:, who approved of the proceedings.
841:Other possible ecumenical councils:
604:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania
1729:Confirmation and further reception
25:
2665:Church councils in Constantinople
711:American Orthodox Catholic Church
2559:State church of the Roman Empire
1577:Fourth Council of Constantinople
614:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
154:
40:Fourth Council of Constantinople
2390:First seven ecumenical councils
2254:First seven ecumenical councils
2174:First seven ecumenical councils
1820:Fifth Council of Constantinople
1710:Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed
934:Christianization of Kievan Rus'
795:First Seven Ecumenical Councils
81:Fifth Council of Constantinople
18:Council of Constantinople (879)
2114:(1–4): 357–369. Archived from
2035:History of the Byzantine State
1855:(1–4): 357–369. Archived from
1651:Council held at Constantinople
1594:as having the authority of an
1:
2073:Rome And The Eastern Churches
1932:Rome And The Eastern Churches
1625:, who had deposed the regent
1364:Intercession of the Theotokos
1139:Opposition to papal supremacy
958:Moscow–Constantinople schism
659:Switzerland and Liechtenstein
118:Documents and statements
2695:880s in the Byzantine Empire
2690:870s in the Byzantine Empire
1988:"The 21 Ecumenical Councils"
1839:Dragas, George Dion (1999).
1774:to decide the status of the
929:Christianization of Bulgaria
2670:9th-century church councils
1675:Patriarch of Constantinople
1616:Patriarch of Constantinople
1585:patriarch of Constantinople
1484:Photios I of Constantinople
1001:20th century (Neo-Palamism)
924:Christianization of Georgia
2721:
2038:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
1806:, however, recognizes the
1683:all the five patriarchates
1642:excommunicating the pope.
1134:Opposition to the Filioque
677:Noncanonical jurisdictions
29:
2675:Bulgarian Orthodox Church
2625:
2607:Conference of Addis Ababa
1795:seven ecumenical councils
1776:Bulgarian Orthodox Church
1740:Roman Catholic historian
1600:eighth ecumenical council
1371:The four fasting periods:
1252:Eastern Orthodox marriage
860:Other important councils:
716:American World Patriarchs
634:Great Britain and Ireland
126:
2424:Oriental Orthodox Church
1414:Athanasius of Alexandria
664:United States of America
456:Czech Lands and Slovakia
278:Four Marks of the Church
69:Second Council of Nicaea
2680:Schisms in Christianity
2599:Synod of Constantinople
2380:Eastern Orthodox Church
2094:(on the Council of 869)
2051:Oxford University Press
1767:ambassadors led by the
1247:Eastern Orthodox bowing
148:Eastern Orthodox Church
2104:Addition and Doctrine"
1845:Addition and Doctrine"
1524:Eastern Orthodox cross
689:Spiritual Christianity
2098:Dragas, George Dion.
1534:Statistics by country
1459:Maximus the Confessor
887:Constantinople (1872)
2615:Pan-Orthodox Council
1647:Basil the Macedonian
1469:Theodore the Studite
1434:Gregory of Nazianzus
1292:Russian bell ringing
1217:Liturgical entrances
1027:Essence vs. Energies
1022:Contemplative prayer
775:Evangelical Orthodox
597:Episcopal assemblies
320:Ecumenical Patriarch
273:Apostolic succession
2660:Ecumenical councils
2512:Synod of Beth Lapat
2166:Ecumenical councils
2075:. Liturgical Press.
2030:Ostrogorsky, George
1661:After the death of
1479:Cyril and Methodius
1449:Cyril of Alexandria
1336:Liturgical calendar
1152:Liturgy and worship
788:Ecumenical councils
191:History of theology
2591:Synod of Jerusalem
2504:Seleucia-Ctesiphon
2479:Church of the East
2223:Constantinople III
2118:on 17 August 2005.
1746:Council of 869–870
1657:Council of 879–880
1596:ecumenical council
1429:Cyril of Jerusalem
1359:Feast of Orthodoxy
654:Spain and Portugal
162:Christ Pantocrator
2647:
2646:
2575:Quinisext Council
2476:Recognized by the
2421:Recognized by the
2398:Constantinople IV
2376:Recognized by the
2261:Constantinople IV
2243:Recognized by the
2215:Constantinople II
1780:Eastern Christian
1573:
1572:
1424:Basil of Caesarea
1419:Ephrem the Syrian
1302:Sign of the cross
1277:Paschal troparion
1057:Mystical theology
867:Quinisext Council
568:Semi-Autonomous:
213:View of salvation
133:
132:
57:Eastern Orthodoxy
16:(Redirected from
2712:
2638:
2635:
2618:
2610:
2602:
2594:
2586:
2578:
2570:
2554:
2542:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2496:Constantinople I
2491:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2441:Constantinople I
2436:
2413:
2409:Constantinople V
2403:
2392:
2382:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2191:Constantinople I
2186:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2136:
2119:
2076:
2064:
2039:
2025:
2016:Dvornik, Francis
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1992:Catholic Answers
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1965:. Archived from
1955:
1949:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1924:
1918:
1913:
1904:
1898:
1889:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1861:
1860:
1859:on 2 March 2018.
1836:
1689:(all in all 383
1592:Eastern Orthodox
1565:
1558:
1551:
1464:John of Damascus
1439:Gregory of Nyssa
1267:Paschal greeting
1232:Memorial service
1042:Hypostatic union
919:Byzantine Empire
704:Old Calendarists
325:Episcopal polity
268:Christian Church
158:
135:
87:Convoked by
64:Previous council
53:Accepted by
37:
21:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2581:
2573:
2557:
2545:
2529:
2518:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2477:
2471:
2463:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2422:
2416:
2406:
2395:
2388:
2378:
2377:
2371:
2363:
2355:
2347:
2339:
2331:
2323:
2315:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2275:
2267:
2259:
2252:
2245:Catholic Church
2244:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2168:
2163:
2097:
2083:
2081:Further reading
2067:
2061:
2042:
2028:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2005:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1972:
1970:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1943:
1939:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1901:Siecienski 2010
1899:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1877:Siecienski 2010
1875:
1864:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1816:
1804:Catholic Church
1742:Francis Dvornik
1731:
1722:Filioque clause
1659:
1639:Pope Nicholas I
1608:
1569:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1489:Gregory Palamas
1444:John Chrysostom
1408:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1368:
1348:12 Great Feasts
1338:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1222:Liturgical fans
1164:Divine Services
1154:
1144:
1143:
1125:
990:
980:
979:
978:
903:
893:
892:
891:
857:
838:
790:
780:
779:
771:
720:
699:Catacomb Church
678:
670:
669:
668:
639:Italy and Malta
598:
590:
589:
588:
566:
557:Bessarabia (RP)
521:
510:
509:
508:
506:
504:
481:
465:
461:North Macedonia
384:
373:
372:
371:
299:
289:
288:
287:
256:
253:
238:
230:
168:
119:
77:
65:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2718:
2716:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2652:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2583:Synod of Jassy
2579:
2571:
2555:
2543:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2492:
2483:
2481:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2445:
2437:
2428:
2426:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2404:
2393:
2385:
2383:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2361:
2353:
2345:
2337:
2333:Basel-Florence
2329:
2321:
2313:
2305:
2297:
2289:
2281:
2273:
2265:
2257:
2249:
2247:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2227:
2219:
2211:
2203:
2195:
2187:
2178:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2121:
2095:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2069:Nichols, Aidan
2065:
2059:
2040:
2026:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1979:
1950:
1937:
1928:Nichols, Aidan
1919:
1905:
1903:, p. 104.
1890:
1881:
1879:, p. 103.
1862:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1808:council of 869
1787:Photian Schism
1760:as Patriarch.
1750:Warren Carroll
1730:
1727:
1679:Constantinople
1658:
1655:
1607:
1604:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1390:
1388:Apostles' Fast
1385:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1322:Use of incense
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1272:Paschal Homily
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1237:Memory Eternal
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1159:Divine Liturgy
1155:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
991:
986:
985:
982:
981:
977:
976:
975:
974:
969:
964:
956:
951:
949:Ottoman Empire
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
909:Church Fathers
905:
904:
899:
898:
895:
894:
890:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
863:
862:
861:
856:
855:
850:
844:
843:
842:
837:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
800:
799:
798:
791:
786:
785:
782:
781:
778:
777:
770:
769:
768:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
729:
728:
727:
719:
718:
713:
708:
707:
706:
701:
694:True Orthodoxy
691:
686:
680:
679:
676:
675:
672:
671:
667:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
600:
599:
596:
595:
592:
591:
587:
586:
581:
576:
570:
565:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
523:
522:
516:
515:
512:
511:
503:
502:
496:
492:
491:
485:
480:
479:
473:
464:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
391:Constantinople
387:
385:
379:
378:
375:
374:
370:
369:
364:
363:
362:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
301:
300:
295:
294:
291:
290:
286:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
259:
258:
257:
242:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
229:
228:
223:
216:
209:
207:Holy Mysteries
204:
202:Church history
199:
194:
184:
178:
175:
174:
170:
169:
159:
151:
150:
144:
143:
131:
130:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
112:' patriarchate
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
88:
84:
83:
78:
75:
72:
71:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2717:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2634:
2631:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2419:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2374:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2060:9780195372045
2056:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1969:on 2005-11-09
1968:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1835:
1832:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1802:of 1848. The
1801:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1754:Philip Schaff
1751:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1735:papal legates
1728:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1498:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1454:John Climacus
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1407:Major figures
1404:
1403:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:Nativity Fast
1376:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1352:Other feasts:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1343:Paschal cycle
1341:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1002:
998:
997:
996:
993:
992:
989:
984:
983:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
957:
955:
954:North America
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
902:
897:
896:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
859:
858:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
840:
839:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
796:
793:
792:
789:
784:
783:
776:
773:
772:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
732:
731:
730:
725:
722:
721:
717:
714:
712:
709:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
684:Old Believers
682:
681:
674:
673:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
644:Latin America
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
594:
593:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
569:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
552:Americas (RP)
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
520:jurisdictions
519:
514:
513:
507:
501:
500:Ukraine (UOC)
498:
497:
495:
490:
489:Ukraine (OCU)
487:
486:
484:
478:
475:
474:
472:
470:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
383:jurisdictions
382:
381:Autocephalous
377:
376:
368:
365:
361:
358:
357:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
302:
298:
293:
292:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
260:
255:
249:
245:
241:
240:
234:
233:
227:
226:View of icons
224:
222:
221:
217:
215:
214:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
192:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
177:
176:
171:
167:
163:
157:
153:
152:
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:
129:
125:
121:
115:
111:
108:
104:
100:
96:
93:
89:
85:
82:
79:
73:
70:
67:
61:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2633:
2547:Great Church
2412:(1341–1351)*
2407:
2397:
2396:
2116:the original
2111:
2107:
2101:
2072:
2045:
2034:
2020:
2009:Bibliography
1995:. Retrieved
1991:
1982:
1971:. Retrieved
1967:the original
1962:
1953:
1945:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1884:
1857:the original
1852:
1848:
1842:
1834:
1784:
1762:
1739:
1732:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1687:that of Rome
1685:, including
1665:in 877, the
1660:
1644:
1609:
1599:
1589:
1576:
1574:
1529:Saint titles
1509:Architecture
1502:Other topics
1207:Jesus Prayer
1118:
1111:
1094:
1077:
1071:
1062:Nicene Creed
1037:Holy Trinity
1012:Apophaticism
962:15th–16th c.
939:Great Schism
847:
579:Estonia (MP)
567:
562:Moldova (MP)
537:Estonia (EP)
505:
493:
482:
468:
466:
315:Patriarchate
297:Organization
263:Christianity
250: /
248:Resurrection
246: /
220:View of Mary
218:
211:
166:Hagia Sophia
76:Next council
2465:Ephesus III
2367:(1962–1965)
2359:(1869–1870)
2351:(1545–1563)
2343:(1512–1517)
2327:(1414–1418)
2319:(1311–1312)
2285:Lateran III
1944:Zlatarski,
1631:Michael III
1282:Prayer rope
1202:Iconostasis
1192:Euchologion
1177:Apolytikion
1052:Metousiosis
1017:Chrismation
649:Scandinavia
355:Monasticism
310:Autocephaly
244:Crucifixion
101:383 bishops
2654:Categories
2457:Ephesus II
2365:Vatican II
2293:Lateran IV
2277:Lateran II
1997:2023-01-12
1973:2020-05-01
1826:References
1606:Background
1383:Great Lent
1262:Paraklesis
1242:Omophorion
1197:Holy Water
1096:Philokalia
755:Montenegro
584:ROCOR (MP)
574:Crete (EP)
547:China (MP)
542:Japan (MP)
518:Autonomous
396:Alexandria
237:Background
160:Mosaic of
98:Attendance
2400:(879–880)
2357:Vatican I
2341:Lateran V
2325:Constance
2269:Lateran I
2263:(869–870)
2231:Nicaea II
2225:(680–681)
2207:Chalcedon
1765:Bulgarian
1695:John VIII
1581:Photius I
1393:Dormition
1317:Vestments
1312:Troparion
1307:Sticheron
1297:Semantron
1287:Prosphora
1212:Kontakion
1120:Theotokos
1073:Oikonomia
1032:Hesychasm
914:Pentarchy
882:Jerusalem
726:churches:
406:Jerusalem
330:Canon law
283:Orthodoxy
252:Ascension
182:Structure
2685:Filioque
2523:See also
2488:Nicaea I
2433:Nicaea I
2183:Nicaea I
2102:Filioque
2032:(1956).
2018:(1948).
1930:(1992).
1843:Filioque
1814:See also
1714:filioque
1706:Filioque
1663:Ignatius
1627:Theodora
1612:Ignatius
1474:Kassiani
1172:Akathist
1102:Phronema
1090:Palamism
1079:Akribeia
988:Theology
735:Abkhazia
724:National
426:Bulgaria
367:Bratstvo
305:Autonomy
254:of Jesus
187:Theology
173:Overview
140:a series
138:Part of
90:Emperor
2449:Ephesus
2309:Lyon II
2199:Ephesus
1758:Photius
1708:to the
1699:pallium
1691:bishops
1671:Photius
1667:Emperor
1635:Photius
1187:Ectenia
1113:Theosis
901:History
834:Seventh
740:Belarus
629:Germany
609:Austria
532:Finland
477:America
469:de jure
451:Albania
431:Georgia
421:Romania
401:Antioch
360:Degrees
350:Deacons
345:Priests
340:Bishops
197:Liturgy
189: (
110:Photius
92:Basil I
48:879–880
2617:(2016)
2609:(1965)
2601:(1872)
2593:(1672)
2585:(1642)
2317:Vienne
2311:(1274)
2303:(1245)
2301:Lyon I
2295:(1215)
2287:(1179)
2279:(1139)
2271:(1123)
2057:
1791:of 869
1769:kavhan
1673:again
1623:Bardas
1620:Caesar
1257:Praxis
1067:Nepsis
944:Russia
877:Moscow
848:Eighth
819:Fourth
809:Second
765:UOC–KP
760:Turkey
750:Latvia
624:France
619:Canada
446:Poland
441:Greece
436:Cyprus
416:Serbia
411:Russia
335:Clergy
142:on the
106:Topics
2577:(692)
2549:(180–
2537:/155–
2514:(484)
2506:(410)
2498:(381)
2490:(325)
2467:(475)
2459:(449)
2451:(431)
2443:(381)
2435:(325)
2349:Trent
2233:(787)
2217:(553)
2209:(451)
2201:(431)
2193:(381)
2185:(325)
1772:Peter
1718:Horos
1669:made
1182:Artos
1085:Ousia
1047:Icons
872:Jassy
853:Ninth
829:Sixth
824:Fifth
814:Third
804:First
745:Italy
527:Sinai
2055:ISBN
1785:The
1575:The
1514:Folk
1395:Fast
1227:Lity
972:2018
967:1996
45:Date
2705:880
2700:879
2567:451
2563:380
2551:451
2539:314
1614:as
1583:as
1107:Sin
1076:vs
2656::
2535:50
2112:44
2110:.
2106:.
2071:.
2053:.
2049:.
1990:.
1961:.
1908:^
1893:^
1865:^
1853:44
1851:.
1847:.
1782:.
1602:.
1587:.
471::
164:,
2569:)
2565:–
2561:(
2553:)
2541:)
2533:(
2402:*
2158:e
2151:t
2144:v
2063:.
2000:.
1976:.
1564:e
1557:t
1550:v
1003:)
999:(
797::
193:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
