20:
245:, who is from the Father and the Son". There has long been controversy among scholars about the relation between the two texts. The development of the Persian creed is difficult to trace, since there were several recensions prior to 410. The first recension is textually closer to the original Nicene Creed. On the other hand, some scholars claim that the second represents the original text of the Seleucia-Ctesiphon Council, and that the words "who is from the Father and the Son" in the second recension are the earliest example of the
110:
At the suggestion of a bishop from the Roman side of the frontier, a council of bishops was called to organize the
Persian Christians as a single Church, with a single bishop in each diocese and with one bishop to act as their head collectively throughout his empire (See
153:
The 410 council set up six provinces, which became known as the interior provinces, according as other provinces, referred to as exterior provinces, were recognized further afield within the empire and even beyond it.
674:. 3rd International Conference on the Church of the East in China and Central Asia, June 4–9, 2009 in Salzburg, Austria. Orientalia—patristica—oecumenica. Vol. 5. Zürich; Berlin: LIT Verlag. pp. 387–395.
146:, who is referred to in the acts of the council as the Grand Metropolitan, was to hold authority throughout the Church and for that reason was called (probably only from a later date) the
195:
969:
833:
167:
241:
sources. The East Syriac recension contains: "And in the Holy Spirit" while the West Syriac recension contains: "And we confess the living and Holy Spirit, the living
399:
Compte rendu du troisième Congrès scientifique international des catholiques tenu à Bruxelles du 5 au huit septembre 1894. Deuxième section : Sciences religeuses
185:
729:
179:
173:
1232:
270:
265:
161:
1210:
Even though the
Council was moved to Ferrara in 1438 and later to Florence, some bishops refused to move and remained in a parallel Council at Basel.
1103:
1252:
515:. Recent studies in early Christianity. Vol. 4. New York: Garland. pp. 126, 133 in 1985 original (pp. 282, 289 in 1999 faximile).
1237:
626:
605:
560:
520:
509:"The Christology of the Church in the East in the synods of the fifth to early seventh centuries: preliminary considerations and materials"
275:
96:
in 260, and both he and Shapur II deported eastward much of the population of the invaded territories to strengthen the
Persian economy.
600:. Translated texts for historians. Vol. 45. Translated by Price, Richard; Gaddis, Michael. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
722:
698:
679:
645:
584:
1131:
787:
1068:
1013:
981:
962:
826:
795:
763:
746:
103:
and with the
Christian minority in his own empire. In 409, he allowed the Christians to worship openly and to have churches.
80:
had legalized
Christianity and with which the Sassanid Empire was repeatedly at war. Persecution had been most severe under
534:
865:
849:
1242:
913:
857:
841:
815:
715:
638:
An introduction to the history of the
Assyrian Church, or, The Church of the Sassanid Persian Empire, 100–640 A.D
1247:
656:
996:
465:, p. 193: "We acknowledge the living and holy Spirit, the living Paraclete, who from the Father and the Son."
1179:
1163:
1029:
57:(399–421), it organized the Christians of his empire into a single structured Church, which became known as the
1037:
803:
365:
112:
19:
1060:
1005:
952:
755:
307:"THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE PATRIARCHATE IN THE CHURCH OF THE EAST OVER ITS FIRST FOUR NATIONAL SYNODS"
222:
128:
937:
881:
238:
136:
233:, each of which is recorded in much later manuscripts. The first recension is East Syriac and comes from
1135:
929:
873:
672:
From the Oxus River to the
Chinese shores: studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia
77:
553:
The person of Jesus Christ in the writings of
Juhanon Gregorius Abu'l Faraj commonly called Bar Ebraya
396:
1187:
1139:
1123:
1107:
897:
779:
530:
207:
1084:
905:
555:. Studien zur orientalischen Kirchengeschichte. Vol. 4. Münster : LIT Verlag. pp. 58–59.
285:
280:
132:
72:
Previously, the
Persian state persecuted those Christians, fearing that their loyalty lay with the
66:
28:
1267:
1257:
1051:
1021:
771:
738:
381:
369:
234:
203:
124:
58:
43:
1147:
889:
694:
675:
667:
641:
622:
601:
595:
580:
556:
516:
508:
616:
548:
921:
660:
570:
50:
1155:
1111:
104:
100:
62:
1226:
107:
continued to be the official religion, and apostasy from it was punishable by death.
65:, approximately a century earlier. The events of this council are documented in the
1262:
1119:
226:
143:
73:
579:
The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's
Seminary Press.
574:
54:
260:
147:
329:
1171:
242:
230:
189:
81:
247:
85:
93:
707:
618:
Islam and Christianity: theological themes in comparative perspective
99:
Yazdegerd I adopted a policy of engagement with the Roman Emperor in
47:
306:
127:, archbishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, arranged the Persian Church in
18:
1200:* Ecumenical status disputed within the Eastern Orthodox Church.
668:"The evolution of pro-Nicene theology in the Church of the East"
711:
576:
Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D.
92:(king of kings) of the Sasanian dynasty had advanced as far as
221:
The synod also declared its adherence to the decisions of the
397:
T.J. Lamy, "Le concile tenu à Séleucie-Ctésiphon en 410" in
202:
The council marked a major milestone in the history of the
157:
In order of precedence, the six interior provinces were:
908:(Basel/Lausanne: 1431–1449; Ferrara/Florence: 1438–1445)
442:
440:
16:
Council creating the Christian Church of the East (410)
691:
Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, under Mar Isaac 410 AD
131:, with the bishops in each province grouped around a
536:
Synodicon orientale ou recueil de synodes nestoriens
513:
Doctrinal diversity: varieties of early Christianity
384:
Synodicon orientale ou Recueil de synodes nestoriens
1095:
1048:
993:
948:
814:
745:
693:. Philadelphia, PA: Dalcassian Publishing Company.
640:. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press (published 2004).
237:sources. The second is West Syriac and comes from
139:(325) in the civil provinces of the Roman Empire.
176:, on the border between today's Turkey and Iraq
594:Price, Richard; Gaddis, Michael, eds. (2005).
723:
8:
621:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
271:List of patriarchs of the Church of the East
670:. In Tang, Li; Winkler, Dietmar W. (eds.).
490:
462:
730:
716:
708:
266:Dioceses of the Church of the East to 1318
142:The archbishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, the
332:The Church of the East: A Concise History
1104:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical)
486:
474:
450:
431:
415:
61:. It is often compared to Constantine's
1203:
297:
119:Establishment of the Church of the East
411:
344:
229:. The creed is found in two different
446:
427:
305:MTS, Roselin Aravackal (2014-01-01).
7:
597:The acts of the Council of Chalcedon
276:Patriarchs of the Church of the East
1233:Christianity in the Sasanian Empire
330:Wilhelm Baum, Dietmar W. Winkler,
135:, the arrangement approved by the
14:
549:"Synod of Seleucia-Ctesiphon 410"
347:, p. 89 questionable source.
27:For the council held in 359, see
1132:State church of the Roman Empire
547:Panicker, Mathunny John (2002).
963:First seven ecumenical councils
827:First seven ecumenical councils
747:First seven ecumenical councils
214:Uncertain early example of the
542:. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.
511:. In Ferguson, Everett (ed.).
123:The Council, presided over by
1:
164:, in what is now central Iraq
36:Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
1253:Eastern Christianity in Iraq
666:Williams, Daniel H. (2013).
401:(Brussels 1895), pp. 250-276
1238:5th-century church councils
636:Wigram, William A. (1910).
198:, Kirkuk, northeastern Iraq
1284:
507:Brock, Sebastian (1999) .
334:(Routledge 2003), pp. 7−14
225:and adopted a form of the
26:
23:Ruined palace at Ctesiphon
1198:
1180:Conference of Addis Ababa
449:, p. 133, quoted in
386:(Paris 1902), pp. 271-273
997:Oriental Orthodox Church
356:Canon XXI of the council
129:ecclesiastical provinces
113:Maruthas of Martyropolis
1172:Synod of Constantinople
953:Eastern Orthodox Church
491:Price & Gaddis 2005
463:Price & Gaddis 2005
223:First Council of Nicaea
382:Jean-Baptiste Chabot,
182:, Basra, southern Iraq
137:First Council of Nicea
88:(241–272), the second
24:
689:Curtin, D.P. (2021).
615:Renard, John (2011).
531:Chabot, Jean-Baptiste
489:, pp. 388, 390;
78:Constantine the Great
46:, the capital of the
22:
1188:Pan-Orthodox Council
208:Christianity in Asia
40:Council of Mar Isaac
1243:5th century in Iran
1085:Synod of Beth Lapat
739:Ecumenical councils
414:, pp. 97–100;
286:Syriac Christianity
281:Synod of Beth Lapat
196:Karka de Beth Slokh
67:Synodicon Orientale
53:. Convoked by King
42:, met in AD 410 in
29:Council of Seleucia
1248:Church of the East
1164:Synod of Jerusalem
1077:Seleucia-Ctesiphon
1052:Church of the East
796:Constantinople III
657:1910 first edition
235:Church of the East
204:Church of the East
162:Seleucia-Ctesiphon
59:Church of the East
44:Seleucia-Ctesiphon
38:, also called the
25:
1220:
1219:
1148:Quinisext Council
1049:Recognized by the
994:Recognized by the
971:Constantinople IV
949:Recognized by the
834:Constantinople IV
816:Recognized by the
788:Constantinople II
453:, pp. 58–59)
372:(2003), pp. 15-16
170:, in western Iran
1275:
1211:
1208:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1151:
1143:
1127:
1115:
1088:
1080:
1072:
1069:Constantinople I
1064:
1041:
1033:
1025:
1017:
1014:Constantinople I
1009:
986:
982:Constantinople V
976:
965:
955:
941:
933:
925:
917:
909:
901:
893:
885:
877:
869:
861:
853:
845:
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829:
807:
799:
791:
783:
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767:
764:Constantinople I
759:
732:
725:
718:
709:
704:
685:
661:Internet Archive
655:
651:
632:
628:978-0-52025508-1
611:
607:978-0-85323039-7
590:
571:Meyendorff, John
566:
562:978-3-82583390-9
543:
541:
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522:978-0-81533071-4
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856:
848:
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818:Catholic Church
817:
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770:
762:
754:
741:
736:
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688:
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438:
430:, p. 133;
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364:
360:
355:
351:
343:
339:
328:
324:
315:
313:
304:
303:
299:
294:
257:
239:Syriac Orthodox
219:
180:Prat de Maishan
121:
51:Sassanid Empire
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1281:
1279:
1271:
1270:
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1218:
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1213:
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1202:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1176:
1168:
1160:
1156:Synod of Jassy
1152:
1144:
1128:
1116:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1073:
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1056:
1054:
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1034:
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1018:
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987:
977:
966:
958:
956:
946:
945:
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942:
934:
926:
918:
910:
906:Basel-Florence
902:
894:
886:
878:
870:
862:
854:
846:
838:
830:
822:
820:
812:
811:
809:
808:
800:
792:
784:
776:
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751:
749:
743:
742:
737:
735:
734:
727:
720:
712:
706:
705:
699:
686:
680:
663:
646:
633:
627:
612:
606:
591:
585:
567:
561:
544:
527:
521:
502:
499:
496:
495:
493:, p. 193.
479:
477:, p. 388.
467:
455:
451:Panicker (2002
436:
420:
418:, p. 390.
404:
389:
374:
358:
349:
337:
322:
311:Asian Horizons
296:
295:
293:
290:
289:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
256:
253:
218:
212:
200:
199:
193:
192:region of Iraq
183:
177:
171:
165:
120:
117:
105:Zoroastrianism
101:Constantinople
76:, which under
63:Edict of Milan
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1280:
1269:
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1169:
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1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
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1011:
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992:
984:
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978:
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954:
947:
939:
935:
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843:
839:
835:
831:
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750:
748:
744:
740:
733:
728:
726:
721:
719:
714:
713:
710:
702:
700:9781088234327
696:
692:
687:
683:
681:9783643903297
677:
673:
669:
664:
662:
659: at the
658:
649:
647:1-59333-103-7
643:
639:
634:
630:
624:
620:
619:
613:
609:
603:
599:
598:
592:
588:
586:9780881410563
582:
578:
577:
572:
568:
564:
558:
554:
550:
545:
538:
537:
532:
528:
524:
518:
514:
510:
505:
504:
500:
492:
488:
487:Williams 2013
483:
480:
476:
475:Williams 2013
471:
468:
464:
459:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
434:, p. 58.
433:
432:Panicker 2002
429:
424:
421:
417:
416:Williams 2013
413:
408:
405:
402:
400:
393:
390:
387:
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102:
97:
95:
91:
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83:
79:
75:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
49:
45:
41:
37:
30:
21:
1206:
1120:Great Church
1076:
985:(1341–1351)*
980:
970:
690:
671:
637:
617:
596:
575:
552:
535:
512:
482:
470:
458:
423:
407:
398:
392:
383:
377:
361:
352:
340:
331:
325:
314:. Retrieved
310:
300:
246:
227:Nicene Creed
220:
215:
210:in general.
201:
156:
152:
144:capital city
141:
133:metropolitan
122:
109:
98:
89:
74:Roman Empire
71:
39:
35:
33:
1038:Ephesus III
940:(1962–1965)
932:(1869–1870)
924:(1545–1563)
916:(1512–1517)
900:(1414–1418)
892:(1311–1312)
858:Lateran III
412:Wigram 1910
345:Wigram 1910
84:(309–379).
55:Yazdegerd I
1227:Categories
1030:Ephesus II
938:Vatican II
866:Lateran IV
850:Lateran II
447:Brock 1985
428:Brock 1985
316:2022-06-17
292:References
261:Catholicos
231:recensions
168:Beth Lapat
148:Catholicos
90:shahinshah
1268:Ctesiphon
1258:Babylonia
973:(879–880)
930:Vatican I
914:Lateran V
898:Constance
842:Lateran I
836:(869–870)
804:Nicaea II
798:(680–681)
780:Chalcedon
251:clause.
243:Paraclete
190:Kurdistan
188:, Erbil,
125:Mar Isaac
82:Shapur II
1096:See also
1061:Nicaea I
1006:Nicaea I
756:Nicaea I
573:(1989).
533:(1902).
255:See also
248:Filioque
216:Filioque
86:Shapur I
1022:Ephesus
882:Lyon II
772:Ephesus
501:Sources
370:Winkler
206:and of
174:Nisibis
94:Antioch
48:Persian
1190:(2016)
1182:(1965)
1174:(1872)
1166:(1672)
1158:(1642)
890:Vienne
884:(1274)
876:(1245)
874:Lyon I
868:(1215)
860:(1179)
852:(1139)
844:(1123)
697:
678:
654:
644:
625:
604:
583:
559:
519:
186:Arbela
1150:(692)
1122:(180–
1110:/155–
1087:(484)
1079:(410)
1071:(381)
1063:(325)
1040:(475)
1032:(449)
1024:(431)
1016:(381)
1008:(325)
922:Trent
806:(787)
790:(553)
782:(451)
774:(431)
766:(381)
758:(325)
540:(PDF)
695:ISBN
676:ISBN
642:ISBN
623:ISBN
602:ISBN
581:ISBN
557:ISBN
517:ISBN
368:and
366:Baum
34:The
1263:410
1140:451
1136:380
1124:451
1112:314
115:).
1229::
1108:50
551:.
439:^
309:.
150:.
69:.
1142:)
1138:–
1134:(
1126:)
1114:)
1106:(
975:*
731:e
724:t
717:v
703:.
684:.
652:–
650:.
631:.
610:.
589:.
565:.
525:.
319:.
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
