31:
256:, who is from the Father and the Son". There has long been controversy among scholars about the relation between the two texts. The development of the Persian creed is difficult to trace, since there were several recensions prior to 410. The first recension is textually closer to the original Nicene Creed. On the other hand, some scholars claim that the second represents the original text of the Seleucia-Ctesiphon Council, and that the words "who is from the Father and the Son" in the second recension are the earliest example of the
121:
At the suggestion of a bishop from the Roman side of the frontier, a council of bishops was called to organize the
Persian Christians as a single Church, with a single bishop in each diocese and with one bishop to act as their head collectively throughout his empire (See
164:
The 410 council set up six provinces, which became known as the interior provinces, according as other provinces, referred to as exterior provinces, were recognized further afield within the empire and even beyond it.
685:. 3rd International Conference on the Church of the East in China and Central Asia, June 4–9, 2009 in Salzburg, Austria. Orientalia—patristica—oecumenica. Vol. 5. Zürich; Berlin: LIT Verlag. pp. 387–395.
157:, who is referred to in the acts of the council as the Grand Metropolitan, was to hold authority throughout the Church and for that reason was called (probably only from a later date) the
206:
980:
844:
178:
252:
sources. The East Syriac recension contains: "And in the Holy Spirit" while the West Syriac recension contains: "And we confess the living and Holy Spirit, the living
410:
Compte rendu du troisième Congrès scientifique international des catholiques tenu à Bruxelles du 5 au huit septembre 1894. Deuxième section : Sciences religeuses
196:
740:
190:
184:
1243:
281:
276:
172:
1221:
Even though the
Council was moved to Ferrara in 1438 and later to Florence, some bishops refused to move and remained in a parallel Council at Basel.
1114:
1263:
526:. Recent studies in early Christianity. Vol. 4. New York: Garland. pp. 126, 133 in 1985 original (pp. 282, 289 in 1999 faximile).
1248:
637:
616:
571:
531:
520:"The Christology of the Church in the East in the synods of the fifth to early seventh centuries: preliminary considerations and materials"
286:
107:
in 260, and both he and Shapur II deported eastward much of the population of the invaded territories to strengthen the
Persian economy.
611:. Translated texts for historians. Vol. 45. Translated by Price, Richard; Gaddis, Michael. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
733:
709:
690:
656:
595:
1142:
798:
1079:
1024:
992:
973:
837:
806:
774:
757:
114:
and with the
Christian minority in his own empire. In 409, he allowed the Christians to worship openly and to have churches.
91:
had legalized
Christianity and with which the Sassanid Empire was repeatedly at war. Persecution had been most severe under
545:
876:
860:
1253:
924:
868:
852:
826:
726:
649:
An introduction to the history of the
Assyrian Church, or, The Church of the Sassanid Persian Empire, 100–640 A.D
1258:
667:
1007:
476:, p. 193: "We acknowledge the living and holy Spirit, the living Paraclete, who from the Father and the Son."
1190:
1174:
1040:
68:(399–421), it organized the Christians of his empire into a single structured Church, which became known as the
1048:
814:
376:
123:
30:
1071:
1016:
963:
766:
318:"THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE PATRIARCHATE IN THE CHURCH OF THE EAST OVER ITS FIRST FOUR NATIONAL SYNODS"
233:
139:
948:
892:
249:
147:
244:, each of which is recorded in much later manuscripts. The first recension is East Syriac and comes from
1146:
940:
884:
683:
From the Oxus River to the
Chinese shores: studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia
88:
564:
The person of Jesus Christ in the writings of
Juhanon Gregorius Abu'l Faraj commonly called Bar Ebraya
407:
1198:
1150:
1134:
1118:
908:
790:
541:
218:
1095:
916:
566:. Studien zur orientalischen Kirchengeschichte. Vol. 4. Münster : LIT Verlag. pp. 58–59.
296:
291:
143:
83:
Previously, the
Persian state persecuted those Christians, fearing that their loyalty lay with the
77:
39:
17:
1278:
1268:
1062:
1032:
782:
749:
392:
380:
245:
214:
135:
69:
54:
1158:
900:
705:
686:
678:
652:
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612:
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567:
527:
519:
627:
559:
932:
671:
581:
61:
1166:
1122:
115:
111:
73:
1237:
118:
continued to be the official religion, and apostasy from it was punishable by death.
76:, approximately a century earlier. The events of this council are documented in the
1273:
1130:
237:
154:
84:
590:
The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's
Seminary Press.
585:
65:
271:
158:
340:
1182:
253:
241:
200:
92:
258:
96:
104:
718:
629:
Islam and Christianity: theological themes in comparative perspective
110:
Yazdegerd I adopted a policy of engagement with the Roman Emperor in
58:
317:
138:, archbishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, arranged the Persian Church in
29:
1211:* Ecumenical status disputed within the Eastern Orthodox Church.
679:"The evolution of pro-Nicene theology in the Church of the East"
722:
587:
Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D.
103:(king of kings) of the Sasanian dynasty had advanced as far as
232:
The synod also declared its adherence to the decisions of the
408:
T.J. Lamy, "Le concile tenu à Séleucie-Ctésiphon en 410" in
213:
The council marked a major milestone in the history of the
168:
In order of precedence, the six interior provinces were:
919:(Basel/Lausanne: 1431–1449; Ferrara/Florence: 1438–1445)
453:
451:
27:
Council creating the Christian Church of the East (410)
702:
Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, under Mar Isaac 410 AD
142:, with the bishops in each province grouped around a
547:
Synodicon orientale ou recueil de synodes nestoriens
524:
Doctrinal diversity: varieties of early Christianity
395:
Synodicon orientale ou Recueil de synodes nestoriens
1106:
1059:
1004:
959:
825:
756:
704:. Philadelphia, PA: Dalcassian Publishing Company.
651:. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press (published 2004).
248:sources. The second is West Syriac and comes from
150:(325) in the civil provinces of the Roman Empire.
187:, on the border between today's Turkey and Iraq
605:Price, Richard; Gaddis, Michael, eds. (2005).
734:
8:
632:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
282:List of patriarchs of the Church of the East
681:. In Tang, Li; Winkler, Dietmar W. (eds.).
501:
473:
741:
727:
719:
277:Dioceses of the Church of the East to 1318
153:The archbishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, the
343:The Church of the East: A Concise History
1115:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical)
497:
485:
461:
442:
426:
72:. It is often compared to Constantine's
1214:
308:
130:Establishment of the Church of the East
422:
355:
240:. The creed is found in two different
457:
438:
316:MTS, Roselin Aravackal (2014-01-01).
7:
608:The acts of the Council of Chalcedon
287:Patriarchs of the Church of the East
1244:Christianity in the Sasanian Empire
18:Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (410)
341:Wilhelm Baum, Dietmar W. Winkler,
146:, the arrangement approved by the
25:
560:"Synod of Seleucia-Ctesiphon 410"
358:, p. 89 questionable source.
38:For the council held in 359, see
1143:State church of the Roman Empire
558:Panicker, Mathunny John (2002).
974:First seven ecumenical councils
838:First seven ecumenical councils
758:First seven ecumenical councils
225:Uncertain early example of the
553:. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.
522:. In Ferguson, Everett (ed.).
134:The Council, presided over by
1:
175:, in what is now central Iraq
47:Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
1264:Eastern Christianity in Iraq
677:Williams, Daniel H. (2013).
412:(Brussels 1895), pp. 250-276
1249:5th-century church councils
647:Wigram, William A. (1910).
209:, Kirkuk, northeastern Iraq
1295:
518:Brock, Sebastian (1999) .
345:(Routledge 2003), pp. 7−14
236:and adopted a form of the
37:
34:Ruined palace at Ctesiphon
1209:
1191:Conference of Addis Ababa
460:, p. 133, quoted in
397:(Paris 1902), pp. 271-273
1008:Oriental Orthodox Church
367:Canon XXI of the council
140:ecclesiastical provinces
124:Maruthas of Martyropolis
1183:Synod of Constantinople
964:Eastern Orthodox Church
502:Price & Gaddis 2005
474:Price & Gaddis 2005
234:First Council of Nicaea
393:Jean-Baptiste Chabot,
193:, Basra, southern Iraq
148:First Council of Nicea
99:(241–272), the second
35:
700:Curtin, D.P. (2021).
626:Renard, John (2011).
542:Chabot, Jean-Baptiste
500:, pp. 388, 390;
89:Constantine the Great
57:, the capital of the
33:
1199:Pan-Orthodox Council
219:Christianity in Asia
51:Council of Mar Isaac
1254:5th century in Iran
1096:Synod of Beth Lapat
750:Ecumenical councils
425:, pp. 97–100;
297:Syriac Christianity
292:Synod of Beth Lapat
207:Karka de Beth Slokh
78:Synodicon Orientale
64:. Convoked by King
53:, met in AD 410 in
40:Council of Seleucia
1259:Church of the East
1175:Synod of Jerusalem
1088:Seleucia-Ctesiphon
1063:Church of the East
807:Constantinople III
668:1910 first edition
246:Church of the East
215:Church of the East
173:Seleucia-Ctesiphon
70:Church of the East
55:Seleucia-Ctesiphon
49:, also called the
36:
1231:
1230:
1159:Quinisext Council
1060:Recognized by the
1005:Recognized by the
982:Constantinople IV
960:Recognized by the
845:Constantinople IV
827:Recognized by the
799:Constantinople II
464:, pp. 58–59)
383:(2003), pp. 15-16
181:, in western Iran
16:(Redirected from
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1080:Constantinople I
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1025:Constantinople I
1020:
997:
993:Constantinople V
987:
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672:Internet Archive
666:
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643:
639:978-0-52025508-1
622:
618:978-0-85323039-7
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582:Meyendorff, John
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191:Prat de Maishan
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62:Sassanid Empire
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504:, p. 193.
490:
488:, p. 388.
478:
466:
462:Panicker (2002
447:
431:
429:, p. 390.
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322:Asian Horizons
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116:Zoroastrianism
112:Constantinople
87:, which under
74:Edict of Milan
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713:
711:9781088234327
707:
703:
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692:9783643903297
688:
684:
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670: at the
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658:1-59333-103-7
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515:
511:
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499:
498:Williams 2013
494:
491:
487:
486:Williams 2013
482:
479:
475:
470:
467:
463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
445:, p. 58.
444:
443:Panicker 2002
440:
435:
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427:Williams 2013
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41:
32:
19:
1217:
1131:Great Church
1087:
996:(1341–1351)*
991:
981:
701:
682:
648:
628:
607:
586:
563:
546:
523:
493:
481:
469:
434:
418:
409:
403:
394:
388:
372:
363:
351:
342:
336:
325:. Retrieved
321:
311:
257:
238:Nicene Creed
231:
226:
221:in general.
212:
167:
163:
155:capital city
152:
144:metropolitan
133:
120:
109:
100:
85:Roman Empire
82:
50:
46:
44:
1049:Ephesus III
951:(1962–1965)
943:(1869–1870)
935:(1545–1563)
927:(1512–1517)
911:(1414–1418)
903:(1311–1312)
869:Lateran III
423:Wigram 1910
356:Wigram 1910
95:(309–379).
66:Yazdegerd I
1238:Categories
1041:Ephesus II
949:Vatican II
877:Lateran IV
861:Lateran II
458:Brock 1985
439:Brock 1985
327:2022-06-17
303:References
272:Catholicos
242:recensions
179:Beth Lapat
159:Catholicos
101:shahinshah
1279:Ctesiphon
1269:Babylonia
984:(879–880)
941:Vatican I
925:Lateran V
909:Constance
853:Lateran I
847:(869–870)
815:Nicaea II
809:(680–681)
791:Chalcedon
262:clause.
254:Paraclete
201:Kurdistan
199:, Erbil,
136:Mar Isaac
93:Shapur II
1107:See also
1072:Nicaea I
1017:Nicaea I
767:Nicaea I
584:(1989).
544:(1902).
266:See also
259:Filioque
227:Filioque
97:Shapur I
1033:Ephesus
893:Lyon II
783:Ephesus
512:Sources
381:Winkler
217:and of
185:Nisibis
105:Antioch
59:Persian
1201:(2016)
1193:(1965)
1185:(1872)
1177:(1672)
1169:(1642)
901:Vienne
895:(1274)
887:(1245)
885:Lyon I
879:(1215)
871:(1179)
863:(1139)
855:(1123)
708:
689:
665:
655:
636:
615:
594:
570:
530:
197:Arbela
1161:(692)
1133:(180–
1121:/155–
1098:(484)
1090:(410)
1082:(381)
1074:(325)
1051:(475)
1043:(449)
1035:(431)
1027:(381)
1019:(325)
933:Trent
817:(787)
801:(553)
793:(451)
785:(431)
777:(381)
769:(325)
551:(PDF)
706:ISBN
687:ISBN
653:ISBN
634:ISBN
613:ISBN
592:ISBN
568:ISBN
528:ISBN
379:and
377:Baum
45:The
1274:410
1151:451
1147:380
1135:451
1123:314
126:).
1240::
1119:50
562:.
450:^
320:.
161:.
80:.
1153:)
1149:–
1145:(
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1117:(
986:*
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735:t
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714:.
695:.
663:–
661:.
642:.
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42:.
20:)
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