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1461:). Only the very important cases, with hard, new and/or important legal issues are concerned. There are about between 20 and 40 cases per year into this specific formation, which includes the president of the ten chambers, the three assistant-presidents of the administrative claims department and the president of the department, which, in addition to the magistrate responsible of the investigation about the case, reaches 15 members.
1910:[The French courts are divided into two orders: a judicial order and an administrative order. The courts of the judicial order are responsible for settling disputes between private individuals and for punishing the perpetrators of criminal offenses. ... The administrative courts have jurisdiction as soon as a public entity is involved (a municipality or a government department for example).]
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1427:; instead, the Council decides whether or not the appellant has cause to bring suit and whether the government was in error if information provided by the appellant is sufficient to locate previously undisclosed evidence. Of course, both parties may submit additional pleadings and information until the case is ready for final judgment.
1201:. But the French king still retained the power to override them at will. Specifically, French kings maintained their privilege to decide major issues and hand down judgment when administrative acts were in dispute. The judgments of the King's Council of State were regarded as being issued under the King's residual proper jurisdiction (
1393:
for decisions originating from any of the eight appellate administrative courts, meaning that it hears cases in which the plaintiff argues that the appellate court ignored or misinterpreted the law. Should it decide that the original appellate court took the wrong decision, the
Council of State will
1548:
justices, is convened to decide to whom the matter shall be vested. Until 2015, this Court was chaired by the
Minister of Justice, whose vote would break any potential tie. As of 2015, court members elect a president amongst themselves for 3 years, and, in case of a tie, the court's composition can
1043:
Councillors ordinary, masters of requests, and senior masters are appointed based on seniority from the preceding rank. Appointees from outside the
Council may include administrative law judges or may come from outside the justice system. Masters are recruited from among the graduates of France's
1323:
The
Council acts as the supreme court of appeal for administrative law courts. It hears both claims against national-level administrative decisions (notably orders, rules, regulations and decisions of the executive branch) and appeals from lower administrative courts. The Council's decisions are
1907:
Les juridictions françaises se répartissent en deux ordres : un ordre judiciaire et un ordre administratif. Les juridictions de l'ordre judiciaire sont compétentes pour régler les litiges opposant les personnes privées et pour sanctionner les auteurs d'infractions aux lois pénales. ... Les
1502:(public magistrate), giving his personal vision of the case, totally impartial and free, on a pure legal point of view. Reading the conclusions from past cases is often useful to understand the mindset of the judges and the reason of the solution given to the case. Nonetheless, and unlike in
1039:
The Vice-President of
Council of State is appointed by Order-in-Council on the recommendation of the Minister of Justice and is selected from among the Council's department heads or councillors ordinary. Division heads are similarly appointed and selected from among the councillors ordinary.
1347:
The
Council hears cases against decisions of the national government, notably government orders, ministerial rules and regulations, judgments handed down by committees, commissions, and boards with nationwide jurisdiction, as well as suits concerning regional and EU electoral matters.
1791:. The vice-president of the Council of State is the president of the IFSA and its main members are state counselors. In 2009, the Council of State hosted IFSA's annual conference which was organized on the theme: "public security: partnership between public power and private sector."
976:. However, since the real presidency of the Council is held by the Vice-President, the Vice President of the Council of State usually presides at all but the most ceremonial assemblies. This is also done for obvious reasons pertaining to the separation of powers.
1557:
Exercising judicial review over almost all acts of the executive branch, the
Council of State's judgments may be of considerable importance, often not for the actual case judged, but for their importance in shaping legal interpretation. While France is a
2172:
1736:(the principles governing the public realm in France). In this case a mayor had prohibited a dwarf-tossing event on the grounds was against the "public interest" because it did not respect human dignity. This decision stops short of including
1625:
editions and written by some of the most influential authors or judges of the time in France (e.g. Bruno
Genevois or Prosper Weil). The GAJA explains about 120 rulings, from 1873 to now, and quotes several hundreds of other important rulings.
1310:
outlining how a statute or act of
Parliament is to be carried out or put into effect. Typically, a statutory law will authorize, prescribe, or prohibit an action defined in broad terms and require a government order to define its scope and
1282:
in a small number of areas. The
Council of State hears appeals on questions of law from lower courts and gives advisory opinions on the law on reference from lower courts. Below it are 42 administrative courts of first instance
82:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
1101:). These reviews, though mandatory, are not binding. The Council of State also studies legal issues and problems brought before the Cabinet. In addition, it is responsible for carrying out administrative court inspections.
1646:). A prince had been removed from the Army for political reasons. The Council stated that his case had to be heard, but then decided that it was unfounded because the law said that his commission could be revoked.
1205:), that is, the sovereign's reserved power to dispense justice in certain matters. Legal advisors also assisted the King in developing new laws and, by delegated jurisdiction, directly exercised sovereign rights (
1418:
should be granted relief. The Council then begins a formal investigation, asking the appellee, i.e., the government or a government agency or office, to satisfy the Council with a detailed statement of defense.
1161:
that was the direct ancestor of the Council of State. It brought together legal advisors and experts to advise the King on claims against the Crown. Officially established in 1557, this was the largest of the
1765:
The State may be held responsible for not taking appropriate measures, in accordance with current scientific knowledge, to safeguard workers' health (against asbestos), even if workers are employed by private
68:
1394:
in most situations transfer the case to a different administrative court of appeal, to be re-judged. However, in the interest of swifter decision-making and correct interpretation of the law (
1327:
While strictly speaking the Council of State is not a court, it functions as a judicial body by adjudicating suits and claims against administrative authorities. Plaintiffs are represented by
2132:
refers historically to a number of different conciliar courts, including the old Council of State and the Supreme Court, which grew out of another conciliar court – the Paris Parlement.
535:
427:
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government established the current Council of State in 1799 as a judicial body to adjudicate claims against the State and assist in the drafting of important laws. The
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2363:
1529:
case – 16 February 2009 – concerning the compensation of the daughter of a deported Jew during the World War II, involving the French state's responsibility).
1484:). All the presidents of departments are there, under the presidency of the Vice-President of the Council of State. Less than 10 cases per year are concerned.
955:
1315:
The Council's advisory workload is divided between its administrative sections with respect to the ministry or department affected by the government order.
2351:
1638:
The fact that a decision has been taken with political considerations does not make it an "act of government" that cannot be adjudicated by the Council (
1197:
French kings had the power to dispense justice and hand down judgments as the court of last resort and delegated this judicial power to royal courts and
715:
551:
1908:
juridictions de l'ordre administratif sont compétentes dès qu'une personne publique est en cause (une municipalité ou un service de l'État par exemple).
1850:
2161:
1097:, created by a March 2008 order) review any and all Cabinet-issued orders and statutory instruments and examine and sign off on all Orders of Council (
1670:
it was decided that the Government cannot exclude people from applying for civil service positions solely on the basis of their political convictions.
85:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
1445:), a configuration made up of two chambers, although, for some important fiscal cases, three or four chambers can be concerned, coalescing into an
1464:
2402:
2432:
1667:
1595:
Rulings are named for the moving parties (appellants) in the cases and under highly formal courtesy titles. Men's names used to be preceded by
1045:
365:
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doctrine with regard to the Council of State. The Council's major rulings are collected into law reports and commented on by scholars; the
1760:
821:
604:
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1715:
is responsible for voiding its own unlawful rules and regulations, even if they were initially lawful. Regulatory law must comply with
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and is primarily made up of top-level legal officers. The Vice President of the Council of State ranks as the ninth most important
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prevails on international treaties, including European treaties. The Constitution is the supreme norm, above all other law rules.
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Although, as is the general rule in French administrative law, the procedure is written, one of its highlights are the oral
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2321:
Martin A. Rogoff, "French Constitutional Law: Cases and Materials" – Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 2010.
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Loi n° 2016-483 du 20 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires, Article 62, §16
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s conclusions. Lawyers use this possibility only for major cases, when it can make a significant difference (e.g. for the
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2022:
2011:
2000:
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1398:), it also has the right to rule on the case without transferring it, thus acting as an appellate court of last resort (
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1441:, prior to their reorganization in 2016). There are 10 chambers. The bigger cases are attributed to united chambers (
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Certain types of statutory instruments must be examined by the Council and receive its advisory approval, including:
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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1923:| Décret n°89-655 du 13 septembre 1989 relatif aux cérémonies publiques, préséances, honneurs civils et militaires
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only within a narrowly defined scope authorised by the enabling law. The executive cannot mandate the creation of
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Since an order of 2009 (n° 2009–14, 7 January 2009), there is a possibility for the parties to speak after the
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Bruno Latour, "The Making of Law: An Ethnography of the Conseil d'Etat" - Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2009.
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1805:
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All draft legislation proposed by non-parliamentary members and prior to being introduced before Parliament.
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413:
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The smaller cases (without new legal issues) are treated by one chamber (known as under-departments, i.e.
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but without its former prominence. Its role was more precisely defined by an 1872 Act of Parliament.
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Bell, John (2000). "What is the Function of the Conseil d'Etat in the Preparation of Legislation?".
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and the interest of the law. All of the formations belong to the Administrative Claims department.
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Orders-in-council, signed by the Prime Minister and cabinet ministers; any such order is a form of
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drawn from the Senior Court bar whose members are licensed to argue cases before the Council and
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363:). The Council of State mainly recruits from among the top-ranking students graduating from the
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In some cases, there may be some confusion as to whether a case should be heard before an
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1237:) presided over Council sessions, and the Council performed many of the functions of a
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The Council of State originates from the 13th century, by which time the King's Court (
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which consists mostly of principles deduced from cases but incorporates considerable
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jurisdiction over local election judgments from any of the 37 administrative courts.
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In this role, the Council provides a powerful check on the actions of the executive.
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Lafon, Jacqueline Lucienne (1994). "La judicialisation de la politique en France".
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The most important rulings are collected in a publication called "G.A.J.A" (i.e.
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https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/article_lc/LEGIARTI000043824648/2021-12-02
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whose procedures and lack of recourse fall outside the general principles of
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for French judges, who remain free to adapt or overturn them (in a so-called
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French administrative justice institution and legal counsel to the government
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Bell, John; Boyron, Sophie; Whittaker, Simon (2008). "Court Institutions".
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in 1987, it has increasingly become a supervisory court, with a role as an
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The formation of judgement depends on the importance of the case, for the
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1621:– The major rulings of the administrative jurisprudence -), published by
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Other members of the Council include, in decreasing order of importance:
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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This decision was the source of tensions between the Council and then
1131:) had split into three sections, one of which was the King's Council (
1622:
1472:), where the members of the Council gather to resolve the major cases
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1774:
As the Charter for the Environment is cited in the preamble of the
27:
This article is about the French organisation. For other uses, see
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Parris, Henry (1966). "The Conseil d'État in the Fifth Republic".
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Literally, "Barrister at the Councils", an antiquated title where
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A General Session of the Council of State is presided over by the
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1778:, all the rights and duties it defines have constitutional value.
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About 10,000 rulings per year are given by the Council of State.
1335:; any such barrister bears the title of Counsel at Senior Court (
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of Finance. The judicial portion of the Council was known as the
310:) is a governmental body that acts both as legal adviser to the
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Like nearly all French courts, the Council's court system is
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Beardsley, James (1975). "Constitutional Review in France".
1170:, lords of peerage, Ministers and Secretaries of State, the
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Printed working documents of the Conseil d'Etat (1800–1814)
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Respect for human dignity is to be included as part of the
1540:, in which case the Court of Jurisdictional Disputes, or
1359:, e.g., whether a bill should be submitted to Parliament;
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The Council has judged that such acts are restricted to:
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All the cases, even the ones eventually resolved by the
1213:
For more on French government administration during the
1544:, made up of an even number of State councillors and
1141:), which too broke up into three distinct parts: the
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Les Grands Arrêts de la Jurisprudence Administrative
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1355:relationships between the executive branch and the
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
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a machine-translated version of the French article.
2222:; with a comparison to the procedures used in the
1816:French Institute of Administrative Sciences (IFSA)
1789:French Institute of Administrative Sciences (IFSA)
1562:country and there is no formal rule of precedent (
1931:
1929:
1453:) chamber. The more important cases are for the
1256:and last instance, but since the creation of the
2263:; discussion of the "general principles of Law"
2190:The International and Comparative Law Quarterly
2162:Code of administrative justice, article L821-2
2023:Code of administrative justice, article L133-6
1969:Code of administrative justice, article L133-2
1958:Code of administrative justice, article L133-1
1936:Code of administrative justice, article L121-7
1510:, those former judgements do not constitute a
1019:Maîtres des requêtes en service extraordinaire
355:Members of the Council of State are part of a
100:accompanying your translation by providing an
62:Click for important translation instructions.
54:expand this article with text translated from
1891:[Organization of justice in France].
949:
8:
2097:Legislation and the Constitutional Framework
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2052:
1549:be modified to include several more judges.
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1002:Conseillers d'État en service extraordinaire
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1783:French Institute of Administrative Sciences
1159:Conseil d'État privé, finances et direction
324:two branches of the French judiciary system
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376:
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2344:Important decisions of the Conseil d'État
2269:Revue Internationale de Science Politique
2071:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199541393.003.0003
1979:Code of administrative justice, articles
1287:) and 8 administrative courts of appeal (
1153:'Council of Finances'. Reorganized under
1059:The Council is divided into 7 divisions:
112:{{Translated|fr|Conseil d'État (France)}}
2438:Courts and tribunals established in 1799
2100:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.
1889:"L'organisation de la justice en France"
1862:
1851:Vincent-Victor Henri Viénot de Vaublanc
1580:. The Council has shaped its own legal
1578:list of comments on important decisions
388:
2349:English translations of some decisions
2045:Code of administrative justice, L112-5
2034:Code of administrative justice, L112-2
2001:Code of administrative justice, L133-8
1787:The Council of State is linked to the
1252:The Council of State was originally a
868:Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs
2012:Code of administrative justice L133-7
1553:Major rulings of the Council of State
301:
7:
1476:The major cases are resolved by the
2307:10.1111/j.1477-7053.1966.tb01155.x
2106:10.1093/oso/9780198790884.003.0001
1666:had been refused admission to the
1491:, are first studied by a chamber.
1396:bonne administration de la justice
1017:Master of requests extraordinary (
25:
2152:for more information (in French).
1607:, and widows were referred to as
1362:acts that are part and parcel of
1245:, the Council was retained as an
563:Congress of the French Parliament
2224:Government of the United Kingdom
1846:General principles of French law
1668:École nationale d'administration
1455:administrative claims department
1085:), Welfare and Social Security (
1072:section du rapport et des études
916:
605:Cour de Justice de la République
398:
366:École nationale d'administration
149:
41:
1046:National Administration Academy
357:Grand Corps of the French State
29:Conseil d'État (disambiguation)
2143:analysis on the Conseil's site
1726:, also known commonly as the "
1478:administrative claims assembly
1449:formation, the "full fiscal" (
1157:into two major groupings, the
877:Politics of the European Union
110:You may also add the template
1:
2433:1799 establishments in France
1516:renversement de jurisprudence
1470:Salle de l'assemblée générale
1289:cours administratives d'appel
1269:cours administratives d’appel
1093:) and Administrative Issues (
995:Conseillers d'État ordinaires
857:France and the United Nations
1033:Auditeurs de deuxième classe
1026:Auditeurs de première classe
180:; 225 years ago
2094:Steiner, Eva (2018-04-19).
2065:. Oxford University Press.
1724:Commune of Morsang-sur-Orge
1629:Important rulings include:
1566:), lower courts follow the
1400:jugement en dernier ressort
1095:section de l'administration
1091:section des travaux publics
1000:Councillors extraordinary (
2454:
1885:French Ministry of Justice
1749:Sarran, Levacher et autres
1574:Council's official website
1048:. The Council sits in the
972:or, in their absence, the
707:Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
326:. Established in 1799 by
74:Machine translation, like
26:
2295:Government and Opposition
2202:10.1017/S0020589300064423
1382:The Council of State has
1099:décrets en Conseil d'État
148:
141:
56:the corresponding article
18:Council of state (France)
2243:10.1086/scr.1975.3108812
2231:The Supreme Court Review
2062:Principles of French Law
1841:Court of Appeal (France)
1675:Canal, Robin & Godot
1534:administrative law court
1504:common law jurisdictions
1489:Assemblée du contentieux
1482:Assemblée du contentieux
1324:final and unappealable.
1285:tribunaux administratifs
1258:tribunaux administratifs
620:Administrative divisions
380:This article is part of
340:), it is located in the
142:
2408:National supreme courts
2403:Conseil d'État (France)
1894:Ministère de la Justice
1569:jurisprudence constante
1468:General Assembly Room (
1254:court of first instance
1219:Ancien Régime in France
1149:'Private Council', and
1063:Administrative Claims (
652:Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
121:For more guidance, see
2428:Grands corps de l'État
1811:Constitutional Council
1682:may make decisions by
1655:Freedom of opinion of
1546:Supreme Judicial Court
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1423:does not lie with the
1378:Appellate jurisdiction
1319:Administrative justice
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1118:in Paris, home of the
1083:section de l'intérieur
1065:section du contentieux
583:Constitutional Council
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330:as a successor to the
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320:administrative justice
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2413:Administrative courts
1887:(15 September 2021).
1542:tribunal des conflits
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1457:judgement formation (
1343:Original jurisdiction
1308:delegated legislation
1145:'Privy Council', the
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985:Présidents de section
361:Grand corps de l'État
123:Knowledge:Translation
94:copyright attribution
2423:Government of France
2379:48.86333°N 2.33694°E
1821:French Supreme Court
1719:directives in force.
1708:Alitalia corporation
1633:February 19, 1875 –
1247:administrative court
1188:Conseil d'État privé
1176:Councillors of State
1166:made up of France's
1151:Conseil des finances
1079:section des finances
1070:Report and Studies (
1012:Maîtres des requêtes
647:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
638:Metropolitan regions
303:[kɔ̃sɛjdeta]
225:Court of last resort
2418:Judiciary of France
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1806:Councillor of State
1776:French Constitution
1754:French Constitution
1747:October 30, 1998 -
1722:October 27, 1995 –
1706:February 3, 1989 –
1673:October 19, 1962 –
1599:, women's names by
1389:It acts as a final
1337:Avocat aux Conseils
1243:Bourbon Restoration
1192:Conseil des parties
1180:masters of requests
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1008:Masters of Requests
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662:Centre-Val de Loire
138:
2354:2007-06-10 at the
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1831:Politics of France
1769:October 3, 2008 -
1662:After a number of
1523:rapporteur public'
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1391:court of cassation
1357:legislative branch
1333:Court of Cassation
1133:Curia in consilium
1125:
983:Department heads (
905:Political scandals
692:Nouvelle-Aquitaine
593:Court of Cassation
391:Politics of France
221:Advice and consent
102:interlanguage link
2384:48.86333; 2.33694
2115:978-0-19-879088-4
2080:978-0-19-954139-3
1947:Council's Website
1826:Justice in France
1761:The asbestos case
1701:Charles De Gaulle
1512:binding precedent
1500:rapporteur public
1089:), Public Works (
1081:), the Interior (
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923:France portal
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266:Membership
235:Palais-Royal
231:Headquarters
155:Council logo
98:edit summary
89:
53:
2382: /
2237:: 189–259.
1897:(in French)
1642:a previous
1272: [
1261: [
1129:Curia regis
1052:located in
991:Councillors
804:Legislative
794:Referendums
773:Departments
520:Legislature
373:Composition
352:in France.
314:and as the
197:Le Consulat
161:Predecessor
2397:Categories
2367:48°51′48″N
1857:References
1836:Ordonnance
1766:employers.
1664:Communists
1640:rescinding
1609:Dame veuve
1605:Demoiselle
1576:carries a
1496:conclusion
1329:barristers
1215:Old Regime
1199:parlements
1184:Intendants
1182:, and the
1077:Finances (
993:ordinary (
735:Martinique
730:Guadeloupe
531:Membership
501:Government
2370:2°20′13″E
2315:145327199
2259:140742890
2218:146580752
1698:President
1684:ordinance
1560:civil law
1425:plaintiff
1416:appellant
1384:appellate
1155:Louis XIV
1031:Masters (
814:Municipal
787:Elections
697:Occitania
672:Grand Est
576:Judiciary
552:President
536:President
451:President
443:Executive
175:Formation
116:talk page
58:in French
2352:Archived
2146:Archived
2141:See the
1795:See also
1738:morality
1644:doctrine
1590:statutes
1582:doctrine
1135:, later
895:Centrism
847:Americas
687:Normandy
657:Brittany
382:a series
328:Napoleon
241:Location
92:provide
2281:1601561
2251:3108812
2130:council
1901:4 March
1498:of the
1459:Section
1239:Cabinet
1235:Emperor
1233:(later
1106:History
745:Réunion
740:Mayotte
667:Corsica
628:Regions
275:Website
217:Purpose
193:Founder
183: (
114:to the
96:in the
2313:
2279:
2257:
2249:
2216:
2210:761401
2208:
2112:
2077:
1989:L133-5
1985:L133-4
1981:L133-3
1730:case".
1688:courts
1623:Dalloz
1447:ad hoc
1364:France
1217:, see
842:Africa
809:Senate
547:Senate
255:France
2311:S2CID
2277:JSTOR
2255:S2CID
2247:JSTOR
2214:S2CID
2206:JSTOR
1651:Barel
1597:Sieur
1276:]
1265:]
1178:, 80
1174:, 30
1054:Paris
507:Attal
346:Paris
249:Paris
76:DeepL
2235:1975
2110:ISBN
2075:ISBN
1903:2023
1752:The
1711:The
1678:The
1601:Dame
1225:The
1114:The
852:Asia
491:LREM
481:list
466:LREM
456:list
318:for
270:~300
203:Type
185:1799
178:1799
90:must
88:You
69:View
2303:doi
2239:doi
2198:doi
2102:doi
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