2512:. The face of the coupler has a protruding, movable tongue which is inserted into the throat of the opposite coupler during coupling. Once these mechanical elements are fully engaged, their position is locked by wedges driven by a pneumatic cylinder. The pneumatic pots are located below the mechanical connection. They are simply pressed together and sealed by rubber elements. On either side of the mechanical connection are electrical contact blocks consisting of a series of butt contacts. When disconnected, the contacts are protected by the so called "Dutch oven" covers. The covers are mechanically actuated and swing open when the other coupling approaches. The coupling can be engaged and disengaged from the cab using the three-position coupling switch in the cab.
3078:, a company they started. While they closely resemble miniature Janney couplers, they are somewhat different mechanically, with the knuckle pivoting from the center of the coupler head, rather than from the side. A steel pin, designed to resemble an air brake hose, allows the couplers to be released magnetically; the design of the coupler head prevents this from happening unless the train is stopped or reversed with a mated pair of couplers directly over an uncoupling magnet. An earlier, mechanically tripped version of the design had a straight pin extending down from the knuckle itself, which engaged a diamond-shaped mechanical "ramp" between the rails, which had to be raised above rail height when uncoupling was desired.
2647:. The coupler automatically makes the mechanical, pneumatic and electrical connections. The mechanical locks are located on either side of the pneumatic ports. The electrical connections are located below the pneumatic ports and are protected by a cover when disconnected. Several versions are available for different applications, which can only be coupled to each other and not to other couplings, except the FK-15-10 version which can be coupled to the Scharfenberg coupling type 10. A special feature of the Schwab coupler is the inclined coupler face, which causes the coupler heads to slide past each other during coupling, so that snow and ice are scraped off the coupler faces in winter.
1776:
2458:
773:, have link and pin couplers and side buffers. This design was chosen so that these normally solo operating locomotives could be coupled to another locomotive in the event of a breakdown. On straight track, the link and pin coupler is used. Since the vertical curve between the straight track sections and the ramp between the lock chambers has a very small radius, the difference in height would be too great for a link and pin coupler, so the locomotives must be pushed through these sections uncoupled by using the side buffers. They have an extra high buffer plate to prevent the buffers from buffer-locking in tight vertical curves.
1210:
2361:), it has gradually spread from transit trains to regular passenger service trains, although outside Europe its use is generally restricted to mass transit systems. The Schaku coupler is superior in many ways to many other automatic couplers because it makes the pneumatic and electrical connections automatically and is capable of automatic uncoupling. However, there is no standard for the placement of these electro-pneumatic connections. Some rail companies have them placed on the sides while others have them placed above the mechanical portion of the Schaku coupler.
2521:
2532:
1375:. Its success in promoting switchyard safety was stunning. Between 1877 and 1887, approximately 38% of all railworker accidents involved coupling. That percentage fell as the railroads began to replace link and pin couplers with automatic couplers. By 1902, only two years after the SAA's effective date, coupling accidents constituted only 4% of all employee accidents. Coupler-related accidents dropped from nearly 11,000 in 1892 to just over 2,000 in 1902, even though the number of railroad employees steadily increased during that decade.
661:
1521:
673:
1594:
471:
1896:
709:
2008:
returns the coupling pin to its original position, holding the hook head in the coupling. When coupled, the coupler heads are free to move vertically, which should prevent a derailed car from dragging other cars with it in the event of a derailment on the elevated railway. Uncoupling is done by turning the coupling pin against the spring force with an actuating arm operated by a shunting pole or by a fixed rod with handles that can be reached from a position next to the train away from the
2620:
2196:
732:
end of the tube to hold the link in place. This procedure was exceptionally dangerous and many brakemen lost fingers or entire hands when they did not get them out of the way of the coupler pockets in time. Many more were killed as a result of being crushed between cars or dragged under cars that were coupled too quickly. Brakemen were issued with heavy clubs that could be used to hold the link in position, but many brakemen would not use the club, and risked injury.
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at the end that is thrown over the hook to hold it in place. On railways where the rolling stock always face the same direction, the mechanical hook can be on one end of the wagon only. Not all
Norwegian couplers are compatible with one another as they vary in height and width, and may or may not be limited to one hook at a time. The traction force limit is typically 350 kN. Sometimes the Norwegian coupler is supplemented with auxiliary chains.
2794:
2326:
1955:
1545:
1261:
1160:. It is a radial coupler with a coupler pocket which is open at the top of the coupling face. Instead of a link and pins, it makes use of a drawhook which, upon coupling, slides over the drawhook pin in the coupler of the next vehicle in the train. To prevent the drawhook of the mating coupler from accidental uncoupling, the coupler bell is equipped with a drawhook guard, commonly known as a bridle, above the coupler pocket.
1284:
1276:
2109:
788:
2567:
verticaly arranged locking pin hooks. To uncouple, the locking pin can be lifted with handles located behind the coupler. Optionally, the air and electrical lines can also be connected. Air connections are typically located above and/or below the mechanical coupling. The electrical contacts are located above the coupler and are protected from contamination by a hinged cover when uncoupled.
2753:
3100:
the ramp, it will lift the coupling hooks as the train passes over. By halting the train over the ramp, it is split at this point. While it works well, it is often seen as ugly and obtrusive (although smaller designs are available, these are not always fully compatible with other models) and many
British modellers prefer to retrofit either Kadee types or working hook and chain couplings.
2595:
protruding from the coupling head, which is inserted and locked into a half-shell-shaped pocket on the opposite coupling head. The two air connections are located one above the other below the mechanical coupling next to the guide horn, and the electrical connections are located above the coupling as with the GFN and GFV types. The type was first introduced 1965 with the so called
1186:
1560:
1879:. It is an SA3 coupler with an additional horn for attaching the shackle of the screw coupler and with a screw coupler that is connected to the hook of wagons equipped with screw couplers. When the screw coupler is not in use, the coupler shackle rests in a holder on the left side of the coupler. Rolling stock equipped with Unilink couplers is also equipped with
689:
1831:(but pneumatic and electrical connections must be done manually), fully compatible with the Unicoupler and, if additional buffers are mounted, it can be coupled with the conventional European screw coupling as well. The C-AKv coupler can automatically couple two pneumatic lines. As of 2020 its use is limited to trains transporting ore between Rotterdam and
2480:, connecting vehicle, pneumatics and electronics at the same time. The patented energy absorption D-BOX technology allows coupling at speeds of up to 15 kilometres per hour (9 mph) with no structural damage, and up to 36 kilometres per hour (22 mph) with deformation but with the vehicles remaining on track. The patented D-REX system provides
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couplers vary according to scale, and have evolved over many years. Early model trains were coupled using various hook-and-loop arrangements, which were frequently asymmetrical, requiring all cars to be pointing in the same direction. In the larger scales, working scale or near-scale models of Janney
2364:
Small air cylinders, acting on the rotating heads of the coupler, ensure the Schaku coupler engagement, making it unnecessary to use shock to get a good coupling. Joining portions of a passenger train can be done at very low speed (less than 2 mph or 3.2 km/h in the final approach), so that
2218:
for mass transit applications, but eventually found use in some mainline railroad vehicles as well. It consists of two squared metal hooks that engage with each other in a larger rectangular frame with air line connections above and below. Since the coupler's development the manufacturing arm of Ohio
2913:
Automatic couplers like the Janney are safer in a collision because they help prevent the carriages telescoping. British Rail therefore decided to adopt a Janney variant for its passenger carriages, with the coupler able to swing out of the way for coupling to engines with the traditional buffer and
1111:
couplers. Conversion of all older rolling stock was to take several years and both coupler types could still be seen on some vehicles into the late 1950s. During the transition period, knuckle couplers on many locomotives had a horizontal gap and a vertical hole in the knuckle itself to accommodate,
865:
The
Norwegian coupler consists of a central buffer with a movable hook that drops into a slot in the central buffer. There may also be a U-shaped safety catch on the opposite buffer that is flipped over the top of the hook to secure it. The safety device may also be a chain with a ball-shaped weight
820:
during 1921. The Albert coupler was created as a key and slot coupler with two pins. Vehicles to be coupled were pushed together, both couplings moving to the same side. One pin was inserted, then the vehicles were pulled to straighten the coupling and the other pin inserted. This operation required
795:
The balance lever coupling, also central buffer coupling with two screw coupling, is a coupler commonly used on narrow gauge railroads with tight curves. By swapping the pulling and pushing devices, the standard screw coupling used on standard gauge railroads became a center buffer coupling with one
731:
The link-and-pin coupler consisted of a tube-like body that received an oblong link. During coupling, a rail worker had to stand between the cars as they came together and guide the link into the coupler pocket. Once the cars were joined, the employee inserted a pin into a hole a few inches from the
3099:
is standard. This is similar in operation to the meatchopper type of coupling. Remote uncoupling is possible by using a sprung ramp between the rails. The design of the hooks is such that the couplings will not uncouple when under tension (instead depressing the ramp). When the train is pushed over
2137:
line. The model N-2 used lightweight draft gear slung below the center sill, to allow for the wide swings required to go around sharp curves. This made the N-2 unsuitable for main line railroad use so an updated version N-2-A was developed for that market. The first of these were fitted in 1968 to
1918:
In 1912, an improved version of the coupling with a better locking mechanism was introduced, in which a spring-loaded locking bar blocked a disk serving as the hook. This disc hook was rotated into the locked position by the approaching shackle of the opposite coupling. To release the coupling, it
581:
Compatible and similar couplings or couplers are frequently referred to using widely differing make, brand, or regional names, or nicknames, which can make describing standard or typical designs confusing. Dimensions and ratings noted in these articles are usually of nominal or typical components
2020:
Multi-function couplers (MFCs), or fully automatic couplers, make all connections between the rail vehicles (mechanical, air brake, and electrical) without human intervention, in contrast to autocouplers, or semi-automatic couplers, which just handle the mechanical aspects. The majority of trains
1886:
Finland uses passenger coaches equipped with screw couplers because they have the advantage over the SA3 coupler of providing a slack-free ride, as the screw couplers are always under tension and the side buffers do not separate in normal operation. Most Finish freight cars are also equipped with
611:
The simple chain could not be tensioned, and this loose coupling allowed a great deal of back and forth movement and bumping between cars, as well as jarring when trains started. While acceptable for mineral cars, this coupling made for an uncomfortable ride in passenger coaches, so the chain was
537:
Throughout the history of railroading, a variety of coupler designs and types have been developed worldwide. Key design considerations include strength, reliability, easy and efficient handling, and operator safety. Automatic couplers engage automatically when the cars are pushed together. Modern
2007:
The cars must be pushed together to couple. The tongue of each coupler head enters the throat of the opposite coupler head, where the hook on the tongue turns a vertically mounted, spring-loaded coupling pin against the force of the spring. Once the hook passes the coupling pin, the spring force
1378:
When the Janney coupler was chosen to be the North
American standard, there were 8,000 patented alternatives to choose from. Many AAR coupler designs exist to accommodate requirements of various car designs, but all are required to have certain dimensions in common which allow for one design to
2706:(DAC) based the Schwab coupler, a possible replacement of the screw couplers in the European rail freight service. The coupler is able to handle tensile forces up to 1500 kN and compressive forces up to 2000 kN and is therefore one of the strongest couplers ever designed for European railways.
2594:
The GFV differs significantly from the GFN and GFT. It is typically designed as a fully automatic multi-function coupler that can be disengaged at the push of a button in the cab. The design is more similar to a
Schafrenberg coupler. The mechanical connection is made by a hemispherical element
1914:
The coupling consists of a shackle that protrudes from a central buffer and falls into a hook in the opposite buffer when coupling contact is made. The non-engaged shackle of the opposite coupler rests on the engaged shackle, securing it against disengagement by its weight. To uncouple the ABC
1163:
Usual practice was to have a drawhook fitted to only one of the mating couplers and train crews therefore carried spare drawhooks and drawhook pins on the locomotive. While automatic coupling is possible, this rarely happens and manual assistance is required during coupling. Uncoupling is done
2566:
The GFN and GFT types are very similar. The only difference is that the GFT is designed for lower forces as expected in tram service. Both couplings consist of a rectangular buffer that doubles as a throat. A horizontal tongue with a hole protrudes from the inside of the throat into which the
4114:
1851:. It was designed in response to the obvious failure of the Unicoupler/Intermat. It is compatible with the buffers and screw coupling. It is one of only few automatic couplers that cannot carry tensile forces, railway vehicles using this type of coupler must be equipped with buffers as well.
640:
A simplified version of this, quicker to attach and detach, still used three links but with the centre link given a T-shaped slot. This could be turned lengthwise to lengthen it, allowing coupling, then turned vertically to the shorter slot position, holding the wagons more tightly together.
3084:
An exact-scale HO model of the AAR coupler has been designed and manufactured by Frank
Sergent. This design uses a tiny stainless steel ball to lock the knuckle closed. Uncoupling is achieved by holding a magnetic wand over the coupler pair to draw the balls out of the locking pockets.
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498:
497:
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1102:
Coupling and uncoupling were done manually, which posed a high risk of serious injury or death to crew members, who had to go between moving vehicles to guide the link into the coupler pocket during coupling. Johnston couplers gradually began to be replaced on the
3092:, an exact-scale working miniature version of the "Alliance" coupler was manufactured from the 1980s by GAGO models in Australia. Since 2002 it has been marketed by the Waratah Model Railway Company. European modellers tend to use scale hook and chain couplings.
1752:
The SA3 coupler is one of the strongest couplers in the world â maximum tonnage of a train that uses this type of coupler is about 8000 t â but provides only mechanical coupling. Adding automatic electrical and pneumatic connectivity is a complex challenge.
2879:
A coupling adaptor or compromise coupler might couple to an AAR coupling on a wagon, and present, for example, a meatchopper coupler or rapid transit coupler to the next wagon. Such an adaptor might weigh 100 kg (220 lb). An adapter piece allows a
2043:
There are a number of other automatic train couplings similar to the
Scharfenberg coupler, but not necessarily compatible with it. Older US transit operators continue to use these non-Janney electro-pneumatic coupler designs and have used them for decades.
1787:
from West
Germany in the 1970s, in parallel with a compatible counterpart, the Intermat coupler, by VEB Waggonbau Bautzen from East Germany. The Unicoupler/Intermat coupler can automatically couple two pneumatic lines and up to six electrical connections.
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screw coupling on each side of the buffer. The screw couplers are connected to a compensating lever that pivots on a vertical trunnion on the center buffer rod, allowing an even distribution of tractive forces between the two screw couplers.
4043:
Analysis of the basic parameters for maintaining the technical and operational compatibility of the 1520 mm and 1435 mm gauge rail systems at the
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)/European Union (EU) border. Rolling stock. Passenger
616:
style arrangement allows the vehicles to be pulled together by tightening the screw with the attached handle. Typically, the screw is tightened until there are two threads left next to the handle housing. A support is attached to the
1179:. Older rolling stock were not converted and an adapter was used to enable coupling between the two types. The drawhook on the bell-and-hook coupler would be replaced with the adapter, which was attached using the same drawhook pin.
1164:
manually by lifting the drawhook by hand to release it. The coupler could be adapted to be compatible with the
Johnston coupler by replacing the drawhook with a U-shaped adapter link, which was attached using the same drawhook pin.
493:
1614:
The Russian SA3 coupler works according to the same principles as the AAR coupler, but the two types are incompatible. It was introduced in the Soviet Union in 1932 based on a British patent and has since been used on the whole
4173:
1906:
The Automatic Buffing Contact Coupler, better known as the ABC coupler, was invented by J.T. Jepson, patented in Great Britain in 1906 and manufactured by the A.B.C. Coupler and Engineering Company Limited in a factory in
2132:
system with the initial model N-1 as applied only to the three Skybus cars. The updated model N-2 with a larger 4-inch (101.6 mm) gathering range was first applied to the new "Airporter" rapid transit cars on the
612:
improved by replacing the center link with a screw with a left-hand thread on one side and a right-hand thread on the other. In the center of the screw is the handle housing with a hinged ball handle attached. This
2004:. The Ward coupler was the standard coupler on London Underground trains until 1936, when it was replaced by the Wedglock coupler, a multi-function coupler that also provided pneumatic and electrical connections.
2219:
Brass was purchased by WABCO which now manufacturers the line along with the N-type. The Tomlinson coupler is the most widely used fully automatic heavy rail coupling in North America having been adopted by the
651:' were fixed extensions of the wooden wagon frames, but later spring buffers were introduced. The first of these were stiff cushions of leather-covered horsehair, later steel springs and then hydraulic damping.
599:
The basic type of coupling on railways following the British tradition is the buffer and chain coupling. A large chain of three links connects hooks on the adjoining wagons. These couplings followed earlier
951:
Two versions of radial coupler were used in South Africa. One, the Johnston coupler, commonly known as a bell link-and-pin coupler, was introduced in 1873 and is similar in operation to and compatible with
3074:
The chief competitor of both these couplers, more popular among serious modellers, was the Magne-Matic, a magnetically released knuckle coupler developed by Keith and Dale Edwards, and manufactured by
1741:
The proposed European automatic coupler is compatible with the Russian coupler but with automatic air, control and power connections. Implementation is permanently delayed except for a few users. See
3107:
and which can be easily unplugged as required. This allows the modeller to easily standardise on whatever coupling is desired, without individual manufacturers needing to change their coupling type.
1209:
1520:
762:
In Britain link-and-pin couplers were common on narrow gauge industrial and military railways, and eventually evolved into a form that could be reliably coupled when the train was stationary.
1327:
coupler. The AAR/APTA TypeE, TypeF, and TypeH couplers are all compatible Janney couplers, but used for different rail cars (general freight, tank cars, rotary hoppers, passenger, etc.).
2959:(ECP) need a method of connecting electrically adjacent wagons, both for power and for command signals, and this can be done by plugs and sockets, or by very short range radio signals.
2340:
3569:
Railways of Southern Africa 150 Years (Commemorating One Hundred and Fifty Years of Railways on the Sub-Continent â Complete Motive Power Classifications and Famous Trains â 1860â2011)
2855:
Only some kinds of couplings coexist on the end of a wagon at the same time, because amongst other reasons they need to be at the same height. For example, in the Australian state of
1915:
coupling, the upper shackle that is not engaged is lifted. This causes the tail lever attached to the shackle to lift the engaged shackle clear of the hook and release the coupling.
3794:
3308:
873:
or as the meat chopper coupler named after the shape of the movable hook. The Norwegian coupler allows sharper curves than the buffer and chain coupler, which is an advantage on
824:
During the 1960s most cities replaced them with automatic couplers. But even in modern vehicles, Albert couplers get installed as emergency couplers for towing a faulty vehicle.
492:
2267:. For applications outside of rapid transit the coupler had to be significantly enlarged to meet the increased strength requirements first appearing in this capacity on the
1439:
4231:
2504:
The Wedglock coupler is named for the pneumatic wedges that lock the moving parts of the coupler head in the engaged position. It is the standard automatic coupler used on
621:
nut on the coupling link side to rest the handle of the screw to prevent loosening of the screw while the coupling is in use. The official name of this type of coupling is
1087:) narrow gauge railways of the CGR, those of the NGR also made use of Johnston couplers. The first of these narrow gauge lines came into operation in 1906, when the first
1122:
2650:
As of 2020 Schwab couplers are used primarily in Switzerland in regional rail passenger transport. Almost all vehicles fitted with Schwab couplers are manufactured by
1738:
The maximum allowed tractive effort for the SA-3 is 135 tf (1,320 kN; 133 LTf; 149 STf) (1.32 MN or 300,000 lbf) by Russian white papers.
1185:
1241:
mechanical coupling of vehicles with automatic connection of pneumatic and electrical lines (including data transmission lines) and automatic uncoupling capability.
672:
1802:
Maximum tonnage of a train that uses this type of coupler is about 6000 t. AK69e and Intermat adoption failure has been attributed to economic performance.
2586:. The lighter GFT type coupler was first used by the Strassenbahn ZĂŒrichâOerlikonâSeebach and was later introduced to almost all tram services in Switzerland.
821:
less exact shunting. Due to the single-piece design, only minimal slack was possible. The system became quite popular with tram systems and narrow gauge lines.
728:. While simple in principle, the system suffered from a lack of standardisation regarding size and height of the links, and the size and height of the pockets.
3925:
2729:
in the 1930s for electric trains. It is the standard coupler type for all passenger trains in Japan as well as on commuter and subway trains in South Korea.
2248:
1225:
There are a number of automatic train couplings, most of which are mutually incompatible. The level of automation varies and can be divided into categories:
1175:
diesel-electric locomotives on the narrow gauge system in 1973. All new narrow gauge rolling stock acquired for that line from that year were equipped with
4784:, Axel Schelle & Kuno Nell, "Adaptor device for coupling railway vehicles having different types of couplers", published 1978-07-25
2579:
2418:
2410:
660:
4128:
4823:
2956:
2224:
1762:
1295:
3831:
2921:, since the carriages were disconnected only at the workshops. Freight cars are sometimes coupled in pairs or triplets, using bar couplings in between.
1367:
In 1893, satisfied that an automatic coupler could meet the demands of commercial railroad operations and, at the same time, be manipulated safely, the
836:, which included a new coupler called the Miller hook. The Miller platform (and hook coupler) was used for several decades before being replaced by the
1065:
2554:
and was widely used on Swiss railways and on vehicles produced by the Swiss railway industry. It was first shown at the Swiss National Exhibition in
2369:
offer the Schaku coupler as an option on their mass transit systems and their passenger cars and locomotives. In North America all the trains of the
3899:
1975:
411:
403:
1348:, notably in the United Kingdom, where some rolling stock (mostly for passenger trains) is fitted with it. Janney was a dry goods clerk and former
1026:) Cape gauge. All new Cape gauge locomotives and rolling stock acquired from 1873 were equipped with these or similar couplers, beginning with the
4682:
4041:
3628:
1057:
in 1875, followed suit and all locomotives and rolling stock acquired by that railway were equipped with Johnston couplers, beginning with the
924:
720:
The link-and-pin coupling was the original style of coupling used on North American railways. After most railroads converted to semi-automatic
478:
457:
3323:
2558:
in 1914. There were three variants available, the GFN type for interurban railways, the GFT type for trams and the GFV type for mass transit.
2457:
1197:
1107:
from 1927, but not on narrow gauge rolling stock. All new Cape gauge locomotives and rolling stock acquired from that year were equipped with
832:
The link and pin was replaced in North American passenger car usage during the latter part of the 19th century by the assemblage known as the
4730:
3486:
3427:
2764:
407:
1775:
960:, but also with a circular coupler face and with a coupler pocket which is open at the top of the coupler face to accommodate the drawhook.
4068:
2806:
2357:) is probably the most commonly used type of fully automatic coupling. Designed in 1903 by Karl Scharfenberg in Königsberg, Germany (today
1551:
956:
couplers, but bell-shaped with a circular coupler face. The other, the bell-and-hook coupler, was introduced in 1902 and is similar to the
399:
4641:
Development of Functional Requirements for Sustainable and Attractive European Rail Freight: D5.1 â State of the Art on Automatic Couplers
1445:
The Janney coupler generally provides only mechanical coupling, only Type H adds automatic connections of pneumatic and electrical lines.
3798:
3081:
Once the Kadee patents ran out, a number of other manufacturers began to manufacture similar (and compatible) magnetic knuckle couplers.
4653:
4112:, J.T. Jepson, "Improvements in connection with Automatic Couplings for Railway Vehicles and the like", published 1906-08-16
3576:
3104:
2608:
1497:
1383:
3181:
1860:
2443:
are working on an automatic coupler based on Schaku, a possible replacement of the buffers and chain coupling on European railways.
1806:
1312:
2829:
Sometimes a wagon with one coupling system needs to be coupled to wagons with another coupling type This may be needed when taking
4661:(Technical report). Berlin: Technische UniversitÀt Berlin for the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI).
1993:
1372:
654:
This coupling is still widespread in Western and Central Europe and in parts of Northern Africa, the Middle East and South Asia.
395:
3604:
2752:
1767:
is working on an automatic coupler based on SA3, a possible replacement of the buffers and chain coupling on European railways.
1647:
locomotives have Unilink couplers that can couple to UIC couplers used in Finnish stock and SA3 couplers used in Russian stock.
1238:
mechanical coupling of vehicles with automatic connection of pneumatic and electrical lines (including data transmission lines);
4655:
Development of a concept for the EU-wide migration to a digital automatic coupling system (DAC) for rail freight transportation
2264:
2129:
2089:
2081:
1716:
Russian trains are rarely longer than about 750 m (2,461 ft) and rarely exceed a maximum tonnage of about 6,000
1616:
1112:
respectively, a link and a pin, to enable it to couple to vehicles which were still equipped with the older Johnston couplers.
3059:, as it could be produced as a single piece of moulded plastic. Similarly, for many years, a "lift-hook" coupler known as the
1235:
mechanical coupling of vehicles with automatic connection of pneumatic and electrical lines (but not data transmission lines);
4816:
4722:
3457:
2575:
2571:
2260:
2256:
2200:
2112:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2053:
1989:
1959:
1687:
1598:
1419:
1415:
1232:
mechanical coupling of vehicles with automatic connection of pneumatic lines, requires manual connection of electrical lines;
1132:
1078:
247:
87:
3753:
1919:
was sufficient to release the locking bar by pulling on a chain or a handle, which released the rotation of the disk hook.
869:
The Norwegian coupler is also known as the Lloyd coupler named after its British manufacturer F.H. Lloyd & Co. Ltd near
2244:
2065:
2061:
1544:
1411:
1264:
936:
340:
4703:
1735:
Maximum force the SA3 coupler can carry, both tensile and compressive, is about 2.5 MN (280 STf; 250 LTf).
4639:
2715:
1895:
1697:
4851:
4846:
3197:
3192:
1969:, is named after its two American inventors, Robert B. Stearns and Frank D. Ward, who were jointly granted the patent
1931:
1407:
859:
195:
190:
976:
The Johnston coupler, commonly known as a bell link-and-pin coupler from its bell shape, was first introduced in the
752:
The links and pins were often pilfered due to their value as scrap metal, resulting in substantial replacement costs.
4625:
3145:
of 1926 involved the breakage of a "drawhook" leading to a downhill runaway and then a collision. Drawhooks imply "
2176:
system with a 6-by-4-inch (152.4 mm Ă 101.6 mm) gathering range which required a rectangular funnel.
1121:
3542:
Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 2âČ0âł & 3âČ6âł Gauge/Spoorwydte, Steam Locomotives/Stoomlokomotiewe
2703:
2240:
2154:
1935:
1640:
1435:
1172:
746:
There was no standard design, and train crews often spent hours trying to match pins and links while coupling cars.
450:
242:
4339:
3929:
3555:
The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter II - The Cape Government Railways
2520:
4957:
4867:
4809:
4708:
4599:
3146:
3023:
2736:
2636:
2536:
2366:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1644:
1050:
594:
558:
355:
350:
345:
207:
64:
31:
3529:
The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter III - Natal Government Railways
3503:
The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter III - Natal Government Railways
2531:
2172:, but was replaced due to issues with the electrical contacts. Later WABCO would create a new model N-3 for the
4627:
Tymczasowe wytyczne obsĆugi sprzÄgu samoczynnego typu UIC/OSĆ»D, radzieckiego â typu SA3 oraz sprzÄgu mieszanego
4132:
3042:
2469:
2378:
1593:
1501:
1431:
1403:
1391:
1387:
1017:
981:
882:
758:
Railroads progressively began to operate trains that were heavier than the link-and-pin system could cope with.
526:, that connects them together to form a train. The equipment that connects the couplers to the vehicles is the
470:
370:
306:
102:
3713:
AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices, Section S, Part III:Coupler and Yoke Details, Issue 06/2007
3186:
3835:
749:
Crew members had to go between moving cars during coupling, and were frequently injured and sometimes killed.
3382:
Passassierswa- en Trokhandboek (Passenger Carriage and Truck Manual), Vol 1, Hoofstukke 1-15 (Chapters 1-15)
3152:
3027:
2644:
2596:
2543:
2096:. The A ends of the cars typically have the Westinghouse coupler and the B ends use either a semi-permanent
1880:
1427:
1399:
1395:
1088:
605:
375:
335:
257:
3544:. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 6a-7a, 25.
2739:
in the 1960s which uses rotary tight-lock pins, and which coincidentally bears a closer resemblance to the
1481:
The Henricot coupler is a variation on the Janney coupler, introduced by Belgian engineer and entrepreneur
585:
Buff: when the consist (one or more cars coupled together) of cars is in compression; opposite of tension.
4553:
3290:
3166:
2982:
between the wagons of trains. Early draw gears were made of wood, which was gradually replaced by steel.
2659:
2628:
2583:
2465:
2236:
2173:
1679:
1493:
1423:
1368:
1302:
1104:
1069:
985:
940:
782:
481:
365:
262:
131:
69:
4109:
3903:
1799:(but pneumatic and electrical connections must be done manually). The Unicoupler is also known as AK69e.
1271:
and the vertical hole in the knuckle accommodates the pin. This design was used in the transition period.
3142:
2972:
2215:
2165:
1559:
877:
where low speeds and reduced train loads allow a simpler system. The Norwegian coupler is found only on
443:
380:
4524:
4367:
2859:, engines had the AAR coupler, with buffers, and the chain mounted on a lug cast into the AAR coupler.
1611:
The Willison coupler was developed in the US in 1916 to address issues present in the Janney coupling.
708:
4781:
3687:
984:(CGR) in 1872 and the decision by the Cape government to expand the railways into the interior and to
4900:
4168:
3103:
A recent development is an interchangeable coupling which plugs into a standardised socket, known as
3012:
2856:
2771:
2740:
2477:
2398:
2319:
2310:
2252:
2161:
2134:
2093:
2029:
1971:
1939:
1923:
1900:
1356:, who used his lunch hours to whittle from wood an alternative to the link and pin coupler. The term
1353:
1153:. In South Africa, these couplers were used on only the narrow gauge lines in the Cape of Good Hope.
878:
874:
554:
508:
474:
385:
3516:
The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter IV - The N.Z.A.S.M.
2876:
is used, a rake of wagons using coupling A can be inserted into a train otherwise using coupling B.
2719:
2570:
The first railways introducing the GFN type coupler where the Bern-Zollikofen-Bahn, now part of the
1482:
538:
versions not only provide a mechanical connection, but can also couple brake lines and data lines.
4686:
3331:
2462:
1229:
mechanical coupling of vehicles only, requires manual connection of pneumatic and electrical lines;
920:
360:
158:
4679:
3636:
2619:
2195:
1127:
The bell-and-hook coupling system was first introduced in the Cape of Good Hope in 1902, when two
541:
Different countries use different types of couplers. While North American railroads and China use
4905:
4878:
4763:
4748:
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit
4669:
4652:
Prof. Dr. Markus Hecht, Markus; Mirko Leiste, M.Sc.; Saskia Discher, B.Sc., eds. (29 June 2020).
4171:, Robert B. Stearns & Frank D. Ward, "Car-coupling", published 1903-09-01
3176:
3115:
3000:
2945:
2833:
rolling stock from its manufacturer to the city where it is to be used. There are two solutions:
2525:
2505:
2497:
2402:
2037:
2001:
1887:
screw couplers. Only some heavy freight cars and Russian equipment are fitted with SA3 couplers.
1824:
1527:
1298:
1287:
Diagram of the top view of Janney's coupler design as published in his patent application in 1873
1268:
1255:
1157:
1058:
932:
849:
766:
318:
4692:
4353:
4297:
3478:
3419:
2967:
A draw gear (also known as a draft gear) is the assembly behind the coupling at each end of the
2813:
1832:
1037:
968:
696:
4076:
2206:
2036:(similar to Scharfenberg couplers in appearance), BSI coupling (Bergische Stahl Industrie, now
804:
4962:
4936:
4915:
4726:
4714:
3572:
3482:
3453:
3423:
3207:
3171:
3016:
2976:
2918:
2394:
2374:
2232:
2097:
1531:
1291:
1128:
713:
644:
Higher speeds associated with fully-fitted freight made the screw-tensioned form a necessity.
630:
4153:
2599:
used as the first mass transit trains in the Greater Zurich area. It is still widely used on
1809:
and is also used in Germany on trains transporting iron ore between Hamburg and Salzgitter.
4755:
2600:
2272:
2220:
2119:
2033:
1997:
1992:
in 1902. Three years later in 1905 it was introduced by Wards in the electrification of the
1981:
1922:
The coupler was mainly used on narrow gauge railways of the British colonies, like e.g. the
1796:
1709:
1349:
1168:
1142:
1027:
813:
608:
on the frame of the wagon absorbed impact loads, as the train overran a slowing locomotive.
582:
and systems, though standards and practices also vary widely with railway, region, and era.
433:
284:
168:
53:
4632:
Interim guidelines for operation of automatic coupler type UIC/OSJD, SovietâSA3 and adapter
3660:
3571:(1st ed.). Garden View, Johannesburg, South Africa: Vidrail Productions. p. 232.
2793:
1823:
The C-AKv coupler (also called Transpact) is a newer compact Willison coupler developed by
4673:
3064:
2924:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2838:
2788:
2344:
2325:
2294:
2268:
2228:
2169:
2157:
1954:
1487:
1054:
833:
562:
428:
237:
232:
217:
3095:
In British 00 scale (similar to H0 scale) models the 'tension lock' coupler developed by
2508:
trains. The coupler was introduced in 1936 and is manufactured by William Cook Rail. and
2032:, various knuckle hybrids such as the Tightlock (used in the UK), the Wedglock coupling,
1506:
1364:, the "Buckeye State" and the Ohio Brass Company which originally marketed the coupling.
4697:
3540:
South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941).
2425:'s. It also equips all the dedicated rolling stock used for the shuttle services in the
1260:
4872:
4792:
4665:
3949:
3947:
3855:
3853:
3781:
3048:
2985:
2881:
2798:
2724:
2426:
2370:
2139:
1966:
1674:
1535:
1476:
1465:
1454:
1283:
1251:
1146:
1108:
1012:
837:
725:
721:
542:
252:
126:
45:
4759:
2817:
Transition era AAR knuckle coupler. The gap in the knuckle accommodates the link of a
2714:
The Shibata coupler is a variation of the Scharfenberg coupler which was developed by
2542:
The GF coupler, sometimes also written as +GF+ coupler, is a coupler manufacturend by
1275:
1041:
Transition era AAR knuckle coupler. The gap in the knuckle accommodates the link of a
700:
Transition era AAR knuckle coupler. The gap in the knuckle accommodates the link of a
4951:
4910:
4890:
4767:
4387:
3008:
2940:
2908:
2897:
2830:
2784:
2735:(bullet train) rolling stock utilize a variation of the Shibata coupler developed by
2681:
2655:
2624:
1908:
1818:
1331:
1311:
The Janney coupler, later the Master Car Builders Association (MCB) coupler, now the
1064:
Likewise, in 1889, when the first locomotives were obtained by the newly established
916:
570:
561:. Challenges and complications arise when coupling vehicles with different couplers.
523:
301:
227:
222:
200:
149:
114:
109:
97:
4438:
4212:
2028:
There are a few designs of fully automatic couplers in use worldwide, including the
534:, which must absorb the stresses of the coupling and the acceleration of the train.
3557:(Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, April 1944. pp. 253-257.
3202:
2993:
2968:
2928:
2802:
2673:
2651:
2640:
2547:
2298:
2279:
2143:
2057:
2022:
1848:
1784:
1587:
770:
740:
648:
546:
390:
180:
3531:(Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, September 1944. p. 669.
2108:
787:
4321:
4187:
3761:
2021:
fitted with these types of couplers are multiple units, especially those used in
4885:
4796:
3004:
2885:
2848:
2677:
2551:
2358:
2286:
2150:
1872:
1828:
1792:
1576:
1176:
977:
892:
550:
121:
2872:" in North America) has different kinds of couplings at each end. If a pair of
2492:
1980: "Car-coupling." in 1903. The coupler was specifically designed for use on
755:
When a car happened to be turned 180 degrees one would have to look for a link.
4920:
4473:
4461:
4354:"Voith at Railtex 2013 More Sustainable Vehicle Components for Rail Transport"
3256:
3121:
A comparison of coupler types was published in "An introduction to Couplers".
3111:
2989:
2732:
2422:
2386:
2382:
2290:
2126:
2009:
870:
613:
296:
291:
163:
136:
4594:
3052:
couplers were quite common, but proved impractical in HO and smaller scales.
3026:, the draw gear behind the hooks, if any, will absorb the tension, while the
1988:
at the turn of the century. It was first used on the electric trains of the
1340:
4249:
2275:
2146:
with 138 contacts. Starting in the 1970s the N-2-A was fitted to the entire
1729:
1725:
1700:
have been fitted with miniature Willison couplers. It was introduced on the
1683:
1150:
92:
17:
3518:. South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, October 1944. pp. 762, 764.
2365:
the passengers are not jostled about. Rail equipment manufacturers such as
3994:"Faiveley Transport Group - Systems and services for the railway industry"
3380:
Suid-Afrikaanse Vervoerdienste (South African Transport Services) (1983).
1215:
Bell-and-hook coupler with Johnston coupler adapter link instead of a hook
688:
3352:
3056:
2481:
2414:
1721:
1096:
928:
618:
601:
417:
3096:
3089:
3068:
2604:
2452:
2440:
2406:
2332:
2315:
1985:
1927:
1836:
854:
4666:
Norfolk & Western Railway Co. v. Hiles (95-6), 516 U.S. 400 (1996)
4028:
4016:
3953:
3859:
3505:. South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, May 1944. pp. 337-340.
2917:
In New South Wales, sets of carriages were permanently coupled with a
2432:
Maximum tonnage under 1,000 t (1,100 short tons; 980 long tons).
2210:
Tomlinson coupler as used on Eidan Subway (now Tokyo Metro) 300 series
1732:
where they are up to 9,000 t (8,900 long tons; 9,900 short tons).
3605:"Internet Archive Search: creator:"Master Car-Builders' Association""
3055:
For many years, the "X2F" or "Horn-Hook" coupler was quite common in
2699:
2390:
1335:
1092:
313:
4500:
3993:
1442:
and many countries in Africa both standard gauge and narrow gauges.
4801:
3926:"History of the European Automatic Centre Coupler for Goods Wagons"
2686:
FK-15-10, which is compatible with the Scharfenberg type 10 coupler
2476:
The Swedish-made Dellner coupling, is a proprietary version of the
769:, the locomotives used to guide the ships through the locks of the
3075:
2979:
2812:
2792:
2618:
2530:
2519:
2509:
2491:
2456:
2436:
2324:
2314:
2205:
2194:
2147:
2116:
2107:
1953:
1943:
1894:
1774:
1717:
1592:
1581:
1580:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1259:
1036:
967:
853:
803:
786:
707:
695:
687:
504:
486:
212:
175:
4693:
Dellner Couplers AB — Automatic and Semi-Permanent Couplers
3477:. Vol. 1: 1859â1910 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England:
3452:(1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 6, 110â112, 156â157.
3418:. Vol. 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England:
2931:, and have no need for couplings in the intermediate positions.
2555:
1805:
As of 2020 it has found limited use: it has been adopted by the
1361:
279:
4805:
4561:
2582:. An other important railway using the GFN type coupler is the
2125:
The WABCO N-Type coupler was first developed for the prototype
1965:
The Stearns and Ward coupler, known as the Ward coupler in the
3721:
3719:
1847:
The Z-AK coupler is yet another Willison coupler developed by
1756:
There are many variations and brand names for these couplers.
2056:
H2C coupler, whose predecessor the H2A was first used on the
1131:
locomotives were acquired as construction engines on the new
4746:
Tomlinson, G. W. (1991). "Electrical Systems via Couplers".
4603:. National Library of Australia. 23 October 1926. p. 16
4532:
3236:
From the early 1920s, JGR's EMUs were using Janney couplers.
2285:
Outside the United States, the Tomlinson coupler is used on
4409:
4407:
3976:
3974:
3736:
3734:
3137:
Different kinds of coupling have different accident rates.
2694:
streetcars and narrow gauge railcars: FK-5.5-4 and FK-3-2.5
2635:
The Schwab coupler is an automatic coupler manufactured by
791:
Balance lever coupling on narrow gauge coach in Switzerland
739:
It made a loose connection between the cars, with too much
4634:] (in Polish). Warsaw: Ministerstwo Komunikacji. 1979.
4298:"Dellner Couplers - Automatic and Semi-Permanent Couplers"
3882:
3880:
3155:â 1858 â coupling broke and the rear of train rolled back.
2825:
and the vertical hole in the knuckle accommodates the pin.
1267:â 1894. The gap in the knuckle accommodates the link of a
1045:
and the vertical hole in the knuckle accommodates the pin.
812:
To avoid safety issues, Karl Albert, then director at the
704:
and the vertical hole in the knuckle accommodates the pin.
3795:"Sweden introduces 32.5-tonne axleloads on Iron Ore Line"
3129:
Toy trains have a wide variety of incompatible couplers.
2643:, the legal successor to the Railway Coupler Division of
2484:
high speed data connection at speeds of 100 Mbit/s.
2282:
has been more successful in the mainline railroad arena.
1307:
Lower electric connector is not typical in North America.
678:
UIC standard screw coupling, shown attached and tightened
3398:. Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd. pp. 9, 11â13.
919:
and its former colonies. For example, it is used on the
735:
The link-and-pin coupler proved unsatisfactory because:
2373:
are equipped with it, as are new light rail systems in
2278:
fleet. Its relative lack of strength is one reason the
2199:
Tomlinson coupler as applied to a New York City Subway
2168:
M series of MU railcars. The N-2 was also used by the
1330:
The knuckle coupler or Janney coupler was invented by
3688:"Ohio Brass Started As Small Jobbing Foundry In 1888"
3384:. South African Transport Services, 1983. Chapter 13.
3258:
Train Couplers 101 - How do train cars stay together?
2805:
fitted to commuter rail multiple units at New York's
1585:
The simplified scheme of the SA-3 automatic couplers.
712:
Link and pin coupler combined with side buffers on a
3900:"The Automatic Center Coupler for European Railways"
3118:
are now being manufactured by Zamzoodled in the UK.
4929:
4860:
4839:
4525:"ModelOKits â Product Information and Online Store"
1883:, which are required when using the screw coupler.
1728:). The heaviest trains using these couplers are on
1203:
Willison coupler adapter for bell-and-hook couplers
1167:Bell-and-hook couplers began to be replaced on the
522:is a mechanism, typically located at each end of a
1859:The Unilink coupler is a coupler which is used in
3189:, lists the coupler(s) used on any railway system
2179:The WABCO N-type is sometimes referred to as the
27:Mechanism for connecting rolling stock in a train
4069:"All purpose couplers: "Willison" type couplers"
3443:
3441:
3439:
2841:(s) which has different couplings at either end.
573:, or adapters are used to accomplish this task.
3475:Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways
3416:Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways
3071:model trains, was commonly used in that scale.
2948:are needed for any continuous braking systems.
2263:fleet and all modern classes starting with the
2040:) and the Schaku-Tomlinson Tightlock coupling.
1891:Automatic Buffing Contact Coupler (ABC Coupler)
3396:The South African Railways - Historical Survey
3376:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3366:
2851:which has the same dual coupling at both ends.
2409:. In New Zealand, it is found on the electric
4817:
4698:Vancouver SkyTrain Light Rail Network, Canada
4647:(Technical report). Shift2Rail. 3 March 2017.
3227:A train with continuous brakes on all wagons.
2574:, the AarauâSchöftland-Bahn, now part of the
1791:This coupler is mechanically compatible with
1760:
451:
8:
4475:How Does a Draft Gear Absorb Railcar Energy?
3409:
3407:
3405:
2352:
980:in 1873, following the establishment of the
666:Three-link coupling on an antique tank wagon
4029:State of the Art on Automatic Couplers 2017
4017:State of the Art on Automatic Couplers 2017
3954:State of the Art on Automatic Couplers 2017
3860:State of the Art on Automatic Couplers 2017
2214:The Tomlinson coupler was developed by the
1360:comes from the nickname of the US state of
1315:(AAR) coupler, is also commonly known as a
1191:Bell-and-hook coupler with Willison adapter
1074:, they were fitted with Johnston couplers.
4824:
4810:
4802:
4425:
4413:
4284:
4272:
4096:
3980:
3965:
3886:
3871:
3818:
3740:
3725:
3591:
3277:
2992:to absorb the pushing and pulling forces (
2957:Electronically controlled pneumatic brakes
2758:Shibata close contact ("Mitchaku") coupler
2225:Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
1958:Stearns and Wards coupler on a car of the
1763:Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles
458:
444:
36:
3450:Locomotives of the South African Railways
1827:. It is mechanically compatible with the
1066:Netherlands-South African Railway Company
4895:
3682:
3680:
3033:Some couplers may not have a draw gear.
1779:Intermat and Unicoupler heads from above
1742:
1246:Buckeye/Janney/MCB/ARA/AAR/APTA couplers
469:
4340:"Coupler systems for trains and metros"
4163:
4161:
3248:
3220:
2745:
1712:of the South African Railways in 1973.
1513:
1181:
656:
327:
271:
147:
79:
44:
4316:
4314:
3655:
3653:
3553:Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944).
3527:Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944).
3514:Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944).
3501:Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944).
2927:sets of carriages or wagons share the
2809:. The adapter is seen from the bottom.
1871:. The coupler is compatible with both
1279:Knuckle (AAR Type "E") couplers in use
925:Western Australian Government Railways
4680:Eli Janney — The Janney Coupler
4381:
4379:
4377:
3832:"The SAB WABCO C-AK for goods wagons"
3448:Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985).
2818:
2417:'s suburban rail network, and on the
2142:with 228 electrical contacts and the
1839:between WĂ€hlitz and Buna in Germany.
1748:The SA3 resembles a left-handed fist.
1042:
604:practice but were made more regular.
7:
3318:
3316:
2691:metros and suburban railways: FK-9-6
1496:. It is used on certain EMUs of the
4719:The American Railroad Passenger Car
3661:"Ohio Brass Co. Company Profile on"
2669:standard gauge mainline railroads:
2665:The following versions exist:
2654:. The best known exception are the
1498:National Railway Company of Belgium
1455:Janney coupler § Changes since 1873
1145:which was being constructed out of
1091:locomotives entered service on the
4689:Web Archives (based on above case)
3182:Gender of connectors and fasteners
2068:classes, is currently used on the
1597:Willison coupler on South African
1382:The Janney coupler is used in the
1030:, a construction locomotive named
25:
4760:10.1243/PIME_PROC_1991_205_217_02
3629:"Eli Janney - The Janney Coupler"
2999:There is also a draw gear behind
2822:
2797:Coupling adapter for use between
2743:rather than the Shibata coupler.
1696:) gauge cane tramway vehicles in
1477:Janney coupler § Henricot coupler
1313:Association of American Railroads
953:
808:Albert coupler on a European tram
701:
2952:Electronically controlled brakes
2763:
2751:
1588:An animation of the SA-3 coupler
1558:
1543:
1519:
1466:Janney coupler § Bazeley coupler
1208:
1196:
1184:
1120:
671:
659:
427:
52:
4501:"Sergent Engineering Home Page"
2779:Dual couplings and match wagons
1686:in Sweden for ore trains. Some
724:, the link-and-pin survived on
553:and the European countries use
4723:Johns Hopkins University Press
4050:. OSJD-ERA Contact Group. 2013
2576:Wynental and Suhrental Railway
2572:Regionalverkehr Bern-Solothurn
1990:Northwestern Elevated Railroad
1960:Northwestern Elevated Railroad
1156:The coupler is similar to the
957:
1:
4322:"Coupling, Handing and UNDMs"
4188:"Coupling, Handing and UNDMs"
3030:will absorb the compression.
2623:Schwab coupler FK-15-10 on a
2524:GFN coupler on an EMU of the
2100:, or a Westinghouse coupler.
1265:Syracuse Malleable Iron Works
972:Johnston link-and-pin coupler
937:Lynton and Barnstaple Railway
243:Passenger traffic terminology
4700:(these two for Dellner data)
3760:. 2005-05-16. Archived from
2716:Japanese Government Railways
2672:FK-15-12, which are used on
2535:GFV coupler produced by the
1783:Unicoupler was developed by
635:Draw gear and screw coupling
4852:Railway coupling conversion
4847:Railway coupling by country
4582:Model Railways in Australia
4368:"Coupling & uncoupling"
3481:. pp. 84â87, 109â112.
3422:. pp. 51â52, 117â118.
3198:Railway coupling conversion
3193:Railway coupling by country
3067:, a German manufacturer of
1984:as they were introduced in
1565:Closeup of Henricot coupler
1071:Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek
545:, railroads in the former
4979:
3147:buffers and chain couplers
3040:
3024:buffers and chain couplers
2938:
2906:
2895:
2782:
2770:Shibata rotary coupler on
2704:Digital automatic coupling
2580:BielâTĂ€uffelenâIns railway
2450:
2338:The Scharfenberg coupler (
2308:
2297:and on the heavy capacity
1816:
1743:§ Unicoupler/Intermat
1574:
1474:
1463:
1452:
1249:
1053:(NGR), established in the
847:
780:
592:
29:
4600:The Sydney Morning Herald
3394:George Hart, ed. (1978).
3125:Wooden and plastic trains
2988:have the draft gear in a
2737:Sumitomo Metal Industries
2637:Schwab Verkehrstechnik AG
2537:Schwab Verkehrstechnik AG
2092:class subway cars of the
1863:border countries such as
1761:
1344:). It is also known as a
1171:upon the introduction of
1051:Natal Government Railways
988:the existing tracks from
595:Buffers and chain coupler
356:List of high-speed trains
32:Coupling (disambiguation)
4110:GB patent 190525511A
3754:"ĐĐĐ - ĐąĐŸĐ»ĐșĐŸĐČŃĐč ŃĐ»ĐŸĐČĐ°ŃŃ"
3292:Zug- / Stossvorrichtung.
3043:Rail transport modelling
2868:/ wagon in Britain and "
2658:tilt trains operated by
1950:Stearns and Ward coupler
1299:Type H Tightlock coupler
1019:3 ft 6 in
982:Cape Government Railways
889:3 ft 6 in
828:Miller hook and platform
4721:. Baltimore, Maryland:
3567:Dulez, Jean A. (2012).
3414:Holland, D. F. (1972).
3153:Round Oak rail accident
3017:multi-function couplers
2844:use a coupling adaptor.
2160:series of MU's and the
2135:Cleveland Rapid Transit
2016:Multi-function couplers
1650:It is also used on the
1526:Henricot coupler on an
258:Railway nationalization
4877:Type F & H :
4554:"Zamzoodled home page"
4505:Sergentengineering.com
3473:Holland, D.F. (1971).
3328:Members.ozemail.com.au
3167:Buckeye Steel Castings
3037:Model railway couplers
2826:
2810:
2660:Swiss Federal Railways
2632:
2629:Swiss Federal Railways
2539:
2528:
2501:
2496:Wedglock coupler on a
2473:
2353:
2348:
2335:
2322:
2237:Los Angeles Metro Rail
2211:
2203:
2122:
1962:
1903:
1780:
1608:
1590:
1550:Henricot coupler on a
1369:United States Congress
1308:
1303:British Rail Class 321
1288:
1280:
1272:
1105:South African Railways
1046:
973:
941:Welsh Highland Railway
862:
858:Norwegian coupling in
809:
792:
783:Balance lever coupling
777:Balance lever coupling
717:
705:
693:
692:A link-and-pin coupler
511:
484:
366:Longest train services
248:Named passenger trains
4782:US patent 4102459
4704:JANE'S WORLD RAILWAYS
4275:, pp. 26, 30â31.
3998:Faiveleytransport.com
3784:, October 2013, p. 23
3695:Rootsweb.ancestry.com
3187:Jane's World Railways
3143:Murulla rail accident
3013:Scharfenberg couplers
2907:Further information:
2816:
2796:
2622:
2534:
2523:
2495:
2461:Dellner coupler on a
2460:
2385:. It is also used on
2328:
2318:
2209:
2198:
2166:Long Island Rail Road
2144:Budd Metropolitan EMU
2111:
1957:
1898:
1778:
1639:) network, including
1596:
1584:
1379:couple to any other.
1294:
1286:
1278:
1263:
1116:Bell-and-hook coupler
1040:
971:
879:narrow gauge railways
875:narrow gauge railways
857:
807:
790:
711:
699:
691:
502:
473:
381:Platform screen doors
4901:Scharfenberg coupler
4873:Janney / AAR coupler
4672:decision by Justice
4439:"Prototype Couplers"
4300:. Railway Technology
4213:"Prototype Couplers"
4169:US patent 737673
2971:to take care of the
2823:link and pin coupler
2807:Pennsylvania Station
2801:on a locomotive and
2772:E4 Series Shinkansen
2741:Scharfenberg coupler
2478:Scharfenberg coupler
2349:Scharfenbergkupplung
2329:Scharfenberg coupler
2320:Scharfenberg coupler
2311:Scharfenberg coupler
2305:Scharfenberg coupler
2253:New York City Subway
2162:Metro-North Railroad
2153:family of MU's, the
2094:New York City Subway
2030:Scharfenberg coupler
1940:Kalka-Shimla Railway
1924:Bauchi Light Railway
1833:Dillingen steelworks
1571:Willison/SA3 coupler
1373:Safety Appliance Act
1354:Alexandria, Virginia
1269:link and pin coupler
702:link and pin coupler
509:Leipzig Hauptbahnhof
475:Scharfenberg coupler
434:Transport portal
386:Railway speed record
30:For other uses, see
4896:Unicoupler/Intermat
4687:Library of Congress
3932:on October 30, 2007
3633:Inventors.about.com
3479:David & Charles
3420:David & Charles
3324:"Setesdals Railway"
3116:Norwegian couplings
2929:intermediate bogies
2463:Virgin CrossCountry
2359:Kaliningrad, Russia
2233:Broad Street Subway
2181:pin and cup coupler
2000:, which became the
1771:Unicoupler/Intermat
1494:Court-Saint-Ătienne
1341:U.S. patent 138,405
1028:CGR 0-4-0ST of 1873
921:Isle of Man Railway
361:List of train songs
238:High-speed railways
191:Couplers by country
40:Part of a series on
4906:Norwegian coupling
4879:Tightlock coupling
4791:, Adapter between
4709:How couplings work
4685:2008-11-06 at the
4670:U.S. Supreme Court
4595:"MURULLA ACCIDENT"
4386:Madörin, Dominik.
3177:Gangway connection
3001:tightlock couplers
2827:
2811:
2803:WABCO N-2 couplers
2633:
2597:Gold Coast Express
2540:
2529:
2526:Appenzell Railways
2506:London Underground
2502:
2498:London Underground
2474:
2472:on 10 October 2005
2403:Line 3 Scarborough
2399:Vancouver Skytrain
2336:
2323:
2216:Ohio Brass Company
2212:
2204:
2123:
2038:Faiveley Transport
2002:London Underground
1963:
1904:
1901:KalkaâShimla train
1825:Faiveley Transport
1781:
1609:
1591:
1530:EMU with separate
1449:Changes since 1873
1309:
1289:
1281:
1273:
1256:Tightlock coupling
1221:Automatic couplers
1089:NGR Class N 4-6-2T
1059:NGR Class K 2-6-0T
1047:
974:
933:Ffestiniog Railway
863:
850:Norwegian coupling
810:
793:
767:Panama Canal mules
718:
706:
694:
512:
485:
196:Coupler conversion
4945:
4944:
4868:Buffers and chain
4732:978-0-8018-2743-3
4529:Waratahmrc.com.au
4392:tram-bus-basel.ch
4287:, pp. 5, 23.
4232:"èșćæ·éC381ćé«ééé»èŻè»"
4031:, pp. 19â20.
3488:978-0-7153-5382-0
3429:978-0-7153-5427-8
3208:Three-point hitch
3063:and developed by
2903:Sets of carriages
2702:is working on an
2603:equipment and in
2271:and later on the
2034:Dellner couplings
1982:elevated railways
1899:ABC coupler on a
1797:Willison couplers
1515:Henricot couplers
1334:, who received a
1177:Willison couplers
1158:Norwegian coupler
1129:CGR Type A 2-6-4T
978:Cape of Good Hope
958:Norwegian coupler
714:Panama canal mule
631:European standard
629:according to the
589:Buffers and chain
500:
468:
467:
186:Railway couplings
169:Steam locomotives
16:(Redirected from
4970:
4958:Locomotive parts
4833:Railway coupling
4826:
4819:
4812:
4803:
4790:
4789:
4785:
4771:
4736:
4662:
4660:
4648:
4646:
4635:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4591:
4585:
4584:, issue 3, 2009.
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4560:. Archived from
4558:Zamzoodled.co.uk
4550:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4531:. Archived from
4521:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4497:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4470:
4464:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4435:
4429:
4423:
4417:
4411:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4383:
4372:
4371:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4318:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4294:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4209:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4165:
4156:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4131:. Archived from
4125:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4106:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4075:. Archived from
4065:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4049:
4038:
4032:
4026:
4020:
4014:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3969:
3963:
3957:
3951:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3928:. Archived from
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3906:on July 18, 2011
3902:. Archived from
3896:
3890:
3884:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3834:. Archived from
3828:
3822:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3797:. Archived from
3791:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3750:
3744:
3738:
3729:
3728:, p. 30â31.
3723:
3714:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3692:
3684:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3635:. Archived from
3625:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3601:
3595:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3564:
3558:
3551:
3545:
3538:
3532:
3525:
3519:
3512:
3506:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3445:
3434:
3433:
3411:
3400:
3399:
3391:
3385:
3378:
3361:
3360:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3330:. Archived from
3320:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3287:
3281:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3253:
3237:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3114:, scale working
2874:barrier vehicles
2819:Johnston coupler
2767:
2755:
2747:Shibata couplers
2728:
2488:Wedglock coupler
2356:
2343:
2295:Marunouchi Lines
2273:Illinois Central
2221:Washington Metro
2048:Westinghouse H2C
1998:District Railway
1979:
1978:
1974:
1807:Iranian Railways
1766:
1765:
1710:Avontuur Railway
1707:
1703:
1695:
1690:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1653:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1619:
1606:
1601:
1562:
1547:
1523:
1510:
1500:, including the
1491:
1471:Henricot coupler
1350:Confederate Army
1343:
1212:
1200:
1188:
1169:Avontuur Railway
1143:Avontuur Railway
1140:
1135:
1124:
1086:
1081:
1043:Johnston coupler
1025:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1005:
1003:
1002:
998:
995:
964:Johnston coupler
914:
912:
911:
907:
904:
895:
890:
885:
816:, developed the
675:
663:
501:
460:
453:
446:
432:
431:
132:Gauge conversion
56:
37:
21:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4941:
4925:
4856:
4835:
4830:
4787:
4780:
4777:
4745:
4743:
4741:Further reading
4733:
4713:
4674:Clarence Thomas
4658:
4651:
4644:
4638:
4624:
4621:
4616:
4606:
4604:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4580:
4576:
4567:
4565:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4538:
4536:
4523:
4522:
4518:
4509:
4507:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4485:
4483:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4460:
4456:
4447:
4445:
4443:Sumida Crossing
4437:
4436:
4432:
4426:DAC Report 2020
4424:
4420:
4414:DAC Report 2020
4412:
4405:
4396:
4394:
4388:"+GF+-Kupplung"
4385:
4384:
4375:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4342:. William Cook.
4338:
4337:
4333:
4320:
4319:
4312:
4303:
4301:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4285:DAC Report 2020
4283:
4279:
4273:DAC Report 2020
4271:
4267:
4258:
4256:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4217:Sumida Crossing
4211:
4210:
4206:
4197:
4195:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4148:
4138:
4136:
4135:on May 21, 2009
4127:
4126:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4097:DAC Report 2020
4095:
4091:
4082:
4080:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4027:
4023:
4015:
4011:
4002:
4000:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3981:DAC Report 2020
3979:
3972:
3966:DAC Report 2020
3964:
3960:
3952:
3945:
3935:
3933:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3909:
3907:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3887:DAC Report 2020
3885:
3878:
3872:DAC Report 2020
3870:
3866:
3858:
3851:
3841:
3839:
3838:on May 19, 2009
3830:
3829:
3825:
3819:DAC Report 2020
3817:
3813:
3804:
3802:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3780:
3776:
3767:
3765:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3741:DAC Report 2020
3739:
3732:
3726:DAC Report 2020
3724:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3699:
3697:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3678:
3669:
3667:
3659:
3658:
3651:
3642:
3640:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3613:
3611:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3592:DAC Report 2020
3590:
3586:
3579:
3578:9 780620 512282
3566:
3565:
3561:
3552:
3548:
3539:
3535:
3526:
3522:
3513:
3509:
3500:
3496:
3489:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3460:
3447:
3446:
3437:
3430:
3413:
3412:
3403:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3379:
3364:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3337:
3335:
3322:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3303:
3288:
3284:
3278:DAC Report 2020
3276:
3272:
3264:
3262:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3162:
3135:
3127:
3049:model railroads
3045:
3039:
3022:In the case of
2986:Janney couplers
2965:
2954:
2943:
2937:
2935:Brake couplings
2911:
2905:
2900:
2894:
2865:barrier vehicle
2839:barrier vehicle
2791:
2789:barrier vehicle
2783:Main articles:
2781:
2774:
2768:
2759:
2756:
2722:
2718:(JGR) engineer
2712:
2710:Shibata coupler
2617:
2592:
2564:
2518:
2490:
2455:
2449:
2447:Dellner coupler
2339:
2330:
2313:
2307:
2269:Budd Metroliner
2241:Baltimore Metro
2229:PATCO Speedline
2193:
2170:PATCO Speedline
2115:Model N-2 on a
2106:
2050:
2018:
1976:
1970:
1952:
1893:
1857:
1855:Unilink coupler
1845:
1821:
1815:
1773:
1708:) narrow-gauge
1705:
1701:
1693:
1688:
1673:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1656:4 ft
1655:
1651:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1623:4 ft
1622:
1617:
1604:
1599:
1586:
1579:
1573:
1566:
1563:
1554:
1548:
1539:
1524:
1504:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1460:Bazeley coupler
1457:
1451:
1346:buckeye coupler
1339:
1306:
1258:
1250:Main articles:
1248:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1204:
1201:
1192:
1189:
1141:) narrow gauge
1138:
1133:
1118:
1084:
1079:
1055:Colony of Natal
1023:
1018:
1011:
1007:
1000:
996:
993:
991:
990:4 ft
989:
966:
949:
947:Radial couplers
909:
905:
902:
900:
899:3 ft
898:
893:
888:
883:
852:
846:
834:Miller platform
830:
814:Krefeld Tramway
802:
785:
779:
726:forest railways
722:Janney couplers
686:
679:
676:
667:
664:
597:
591:
579:
543:Janney couplers
487:
464:
426:
323:
272:Special systems
267:
233:Inter-city rail
218:Passenger train
143:
98:Railway station
75:
74:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4976:
4974:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4950:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4870:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4849:
4843:
4841:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4821:
4814:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4793:Janney coupler
4776:
4775:External links
4773:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4731:
4715:White, John H.
4711:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4690:
4677:
4663:
4649:
4636:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4586:
4574:
4545:
4516:
4492:
4482:. 8 March 2012
4465:
4454:
4430:
4418:
4403:
4373:
4359:
4345:
4331:
4310:
4289:
4277:
4265:
4241:
4222:
4204:
4179:
4157:
4146:
4129:"ABC Couplers"
4120:
4101:
4089:
4060:
4033:
4021:
4009:
3985:
3970:
3958:
3943:
3917:
3891:
3876:
3864:
3849:
3823:
3811:
3786:
3782:Light Railways
3774:
3758:Railways.id.ru
3745:
3730:
3715:
3706:
3676:
3649:
3620:
3596:
3584:
3577:
3559:
3546:
3533:
3520:
3507:
3494:
3487:
3465:
3458:
3435:
3428:
3401:
3386:
3362:
3353:"Lloyd MCA-PH"
3344:
3312:
3301:
3289:Bruno LĂ€mmli:
3282:
3270:
3261:, 9 April 2023
3247:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3229:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3150:
3134:
3131:
3126:
3123:
3041:Main article:
3038:
3035:
3009:C-AKv couplers
2964:
2961:
2953:
2950:
2939:Main article:
2936:
2933:
2914:chain system.
2904:
2901:
2896:Main article:
2893:
2890:
2882:Janney coupler
2870:transition car
2853:
2852:
2845:
2842:
2799:Janney coupler
2780:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2769:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2750:
2748:
2720:Mamoru Shibata
2711:
2708:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2616:
2615:Schwab coupler
2613:
2591:
2588:
2584:BrĂŒnig railway
2563:
2560:
2517:
2514:
2489:
2486:
2451:Main article:
2448:
2445:
2427:Channel Tunnel
2371:Montreal Metro
2309:Main article:
2306:
2303:
2192:
2189:
2140:UAC TurboTrain
2120:Silverliner II
2105:
2102:
2060:and later the
2049:
2046:
2017:
2014:
1967:United Kingdom
1951:
1948:
1892:
1889:
1877:screw coupling
1856:
1853:
1844:
1841:
1817:Main article:
1814:
1811:
1772:
1769:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1675:standard gauge
1607:) narrow gauge
1575:Main article:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1557:
1555:
1549:
1542:
1540:
1536:head-end power
1525:
1518:
1516:
1483:Ămile Henricot
1475:Main article:
1472:
1469:
1464:Main article:
1461:
1458:
1453:Main article:
1450:
1447:
1252:Janney coupler
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1183:
1147:Port Elizabeth
1117:
1114:
1095:branch out of
1013:standard gauge
965:
962:
948:
945:
848:Main article:
845:
842:
838:Janney coupler
829:
826:
818:Albert coupler
801:
800:Albert coupler
798:
781:Main article:
778:
775:
760:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
685:
682:
681:
680:
677:
670:
668:
665:
658:
647:The earliest '
623:screw coupling
593:Main article:
590:
587:
578:
575:
565:, also called
559:screw couplers
466:
465:
463:
462:
455:
448:
440:
437:
436:
423:
422:
421:
420:
415:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
330:
329:
325:
324:
322:
321:
316:
311:
310:
309:
299:
294:
289:
288:
287:
274:
273:
269:
268:
266:
265:
260:
255:
253:Rail subsidies
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
204:
203:
198:
193:
183:
178:
173:
172:
171:
161:
153:
152:
145:
144:
142:
141:
140:
139:
134:
129:
127:Variable gauge
119:
118:
117:
107:
106:
105:
95:
90:
82:
81:
80:Infrastructure
77:
76:
73:
72:
67:
61:
58:
57:
49:
48:
46:Rail transport
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4975:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4911:Dual coupling
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4891:C-AKv coupler
4889:
4887:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4827:
4822:
4820:
4815:
4813:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4798:
4794:
4783:
4779:
4778:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4740:
4734:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4657:
4656:
4650:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4587:
4583:
4578:
4575:
4564:on 2016-03-28
4563:
4559:
4555:
4549:
4546:
4535:on 2014-05-17
4534:
4530:
4526:
4520:
4517:
4506:
4502:
4496:
4493:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4462:Adapter piece
4458:
4455:
4444:
4440:
4434:
4431:
4428:, p. 26.
4427:
4422:
4419:
4416:, p. 29.
4415:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4393:
4389:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4369:
4363:
4360:
4355:
4349:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4332:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4269:
4266:
4255:
4254:Voithturbo.de
4251:
4245:
4242:
4237:
4233:
4226:
4223:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4205:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4180:
4170:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4150:
4147:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4111:
4105:
4102:
4099:, p. 10.
4098:
4093:
4090:
4079:on 2021-05-07
4078:
4074:
4070:
4064:
4061:
4046:
4045:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4025:
4022:
4019:, p. 26.
4018:
4013:
4010:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3983:, p. 11.
3982:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3962:
3959:
3956:, p. 19.
3955:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3931:
3927:
3921:
3918:
3905:
3901:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3874:, p. 20.
3873:
3868:
3865:
3862:, p. 18.
3861:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3821:, p. 22.
3820:
3815:
3812:
3801:on 2017-10-29
3800:
3796:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3775:
3764:on 2014-04-26
3763:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3743:, p. 19.
3742:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3696:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3639:on 2008-11-06
3638:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3621:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3597:
3594:, p. 13.
3593:
3588:
3585:
3580:
3574:
3570:
3563:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3334:on 2016-03-04
3333:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3271:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3249:
3243:
3233:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3214:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3106:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3050:
3044:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2942:
2941:Railway brake
2934:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2909:Dual coupling
2902:
2899:
2898:Dual coupling
2892:Dual coupling
2891:
2889:
2887:
2884:mate with an
2883:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2785:Dual coupling
2778:
2773:
2766:
2761:
2754:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2693:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2682:Stadler FLIRT
2679:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2646:
2645:Georg Fischer
2642:
2638:
2630:
2626:
2625:Stadler FLIRT
2621:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2601:ZĂŒrich S-Bahn
2598:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2568:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2544:Georg Fischer
2538:
2533:
2527:
2522:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2499:
2494:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2334:
2327:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2197:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2185:spear coupler
2182:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2058:BMT Standards
2055:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1968:
1961:
1956:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1909:Wolverhampton
1902:
1897:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1819:C-AKv coupler
1812:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1786:
1777:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1754:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1699:
1691:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1652:1,435 mm
1648:
1646:
1642:
1620:
1618:1,520 mm
1612:
1602:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1578:
1570:
1561:
1556:
1553:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1528:SNCB Class 75
1522:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1470:
1467:
1459:
1456:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:United States
1380:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1352:officer from
1351:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1332:Eli H. Janney
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1277:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1211:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1024:1,067 mm
1021:
1014:
1008:1,435 mm
987:
983:
979:
970:
963:
961:
959:
955:
946:
944:
942:
939:, and on the
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
917:Great Britain
915:) or less in
896:
894:1,000 mm
886:
884:1,067 mm
880:
876:
872:
867:
861:
856:
851:
843:
841:
839:
835:
827:
825:
822:
819:
815:
806:
799:
797:
789:
784:
776:
774:
772:
768:
763:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
738:
737:
736:
733:
729:
727:
723:
715:
710:
703:
698:
690:
683:
674:
669:
662:
657:
655:
652:
650:
645:
642:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
609:
607:
603:
596:
588:
586:
583:
576:
574:
572:
571:dual couplers
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
510:
506:
483:
480:
476:
472:
461:
456:
454:
449:
447:
442:
441:
439:
438:
435:
430:
425:
424:
419:
416:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
332:
331:
326:
320:
317:
315:
312:
308:
305:
304:
303:
302:Rapid transit
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
286:
283:
282:
281:
278:
277:
276:
275:
270:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
228:Regional rail
226:
224:
223:Commuter rail
221:
219:
216:
214:
213:Bogie (truck)
211:
209:
206:
202:
201:Dual coupling
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
188:
187:
184:
182:
181:Railroad cars
179:
177:
174:
170:
167:
166:
165:
162:
160:
157:
156:
155:
154:
151:
150:rolling stock
146:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
123:
120:
116:
113:
112:
111:
110:Railway track
108:
104:
101:
100:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
85:
84:
83:
78:
71:
70:Company types
68:
66:
63:
62:
60:
59:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4832:
4754:(1): 65â78.
4751:
4747:
4744:
4718:
4654:
4640:
4631:
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4194:. 2002-08-24
4192:Trainweb.org
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4072:
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4042:
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3997:
3988:
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3961:
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3930:the original
3920:
3910:November 16,
3908:. Retrieved
3904:the original
3894:
3889:, p. 5.
3867:
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3836:the original
3826:
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3332:the original
3327:
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3296:
3291:
3285:
3280:, p. 7.
3273:
3263:, retrieved
3257:
3251:
3232:
3223:
3203:Slack action
3136:
3128:
3120:
3109:
3102:
3094:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3073:
3060:
3054:
3046:
3032:
3028:side buffers
3021:
3015:, and other
3005:SA3 couplers
2998:
2994:slack action
2984:
2966:
2955:
2944:
2923:
2916:
2912:
2878:
2863:
2861:
2854:
2828:
2731:
2713:
2697:
2674:Stadler KISS
2664:
2652:Stadler Rail
2649:
2641:Schaffhausen
2634:
2593:
2569:
2565:
2548:Schaffhausen
2541:
2503:
2475:
2434:
2431:
2389:vehicles in
2363:
2337:
2299:Taipei Metro
2284:
2213:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2124:
2104:WABCO N-Type
2054:Westinghouse
2051:
2042:
2027:
2025:operations.
2023:mass transit
2019:
2006:
1964:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1905:
1885:
1881:side buffers
1858:
1849:Knorr Bremse
1846:
1822:
1804:
1801:
1790:
1782:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1678:networks of
1649:
1613:
1610:
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1420:Saudi Arabia
1416:South Africa
1381:
1377:
1366:
1357:
1345:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1224:
1173:Class 91-000
1166:
1162:
1155:
1149:through the
1126:
1119:
1101:
1076:
1070:
1063:
1048:
1031:
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954:link-and-pin
950:
868:
864:
831:
823:
817:
811:
794:
771:Panama Canal
764:
761:
741:slack action
734:
730:
719:
684:Link and pin
653:
649:dumb buffers
646:
643:
639:
634:
627:UIC coupling
626:
622:
610:
598:
584:
580:
577:Nomenclature
569:, cars with
566:
563:Barrier cars
555:Scharfenberg
551:SA3 couplers
547:Soviet Union
540:
536:
531:
527:
524:rail vehicle
519:
515:
513:
507:coupling at
479:Southeastern
185:
148:Service and
18:Coupling pin
4886:SA3 coupler
4797:SA3 coupler
4607:17 December
4230:OTIS Wang.
3842:October 15,
3665:Aecinfo.com
3609:Archive.org
3309:Miller Hook
3297:Lokifahrer,
2973:compression
2925:Articulated
2886:SA3 coupler
2849:match wagon
2723: [
2698:As of 2020
2678:Stadler GTW
2562:GFN and GFT
2552:Switzerland
2435:As of 2020
2395:Minneapolis
2287:Tokyo Metro
2245:Miami Metro
2151:Silverliner
1994:Circle Line
1829:SA3 coupler
1759:As of 2020
1706:610 mm
1694:610 mm
1605:610 mm
1577:SA3 coupler
1552:Belgian EMU
1538:connections
1505: [
1486: [
1412:New Zealand
1371:passed the
1139:610 mm
1109:AAR knuckle
1085:610 mm
1077:Unlike the
1032:Little Bess
396:Terminology
341:Attractions
328:Miscellanea
164:Locomotives
122:Track gauge
115:Maintenance
4952:Categories
4930:Categories
4921:Draft gear
4568:2016-04-08
4539:2016-04-08
4510:2016-04-08
4486:2016-04-08
4448:2016-04-08
4397:2023-12-21
4304:2016-04-08
4259:2016-04-08
4198:2016-04-08
4139:October 4,
4083:2021-02-17
4054:2023-12-16
4044:carrriages
4003:2016-04-08
3805:2017-10-29
3768:2016-04-08
3700:2016-04-08
3670:2016-04-08
3643:2016-04-08
3614:2016-04-08
3459:0869772112
3338:2016-04-08
3265:2023-04-17
3244:References
3112:7 mm scale
2990:centersill
2733:Shinkansen
2578:, and the
2516:GF Coupler
2423:Wellington
2421:trains of
2387:light rail
2383:New Jersey
2367:Bombardier
2249:MARTA Rail
2127:Pittsburgh
2010:third rail
1726:short tons
1698:Queensland
871:Wednesbury
614:turnbuckle
567:match cars
528:draft gear
346:By country
297:Interurban
292:Light rail
137:Dual gauge
88:Management
4768:111315979
4717:(1985) .
4326:Tubeprune
3936:August 3,
3133:Accidents
2963:Draw gear
2946:Couplings
2919:fixed bar
2466:Class 221
2379:Baltimore
2341:âčSee Tfdâș
2276:Highliner
2191:Tomlinson
1972:US 737673
1730:Malmbanan
1722:long tons
1702:2 ft
1689:2 ft
1684:Malmbanan
1600:2 ft
1532:air brake
1408:Australia
1338:in 1873 (
1151:Langkloof
1134:2 ft
1080:2 ft
1061:in 1877.
935:, on the
931:, on the
844:Norwegian
633:EN 15566
532:draw gear
503:Video of
482:Class 395
371:Modelling
351:Companies
336:Accidents
159:Operating
93:Rail yard
4963:Couplers
4937:Couplers
4683:Archived
4356:. Voith.
3160:See also
3057:HO scale
2857:Victoria
2482:Ethernet
2470:Carlisle
2415:Auckland
2411:AM class
2391:Portland
2331:made by
2255:for its
2251:and the
2231:, SEPTA
2064:through
1936:Honduras
1724:; 6,600
1670: in
1641:Mongolia
1637: in
1502:Class 75
1436:Portugal
1325:Alliance
1097:Estcourt
1004: in
929:Tanzania
913: in
619:trunnion
516:coupling
418:Vactrain
208:Wheelset
4916:Drawbar
4861:Systems
4840:General
4619:Sources
4480:YouTube
4250:"Voith"
3172:Drawbar
3105:NEM 362
3097:Tri-ang
3090:O scale
3069:N-scale
2977:tension
2662:(SBB).
2627:of the
2607:by the
2605:Belgium
2453:Dellner
2441:Dellner
2419:Matangi
2407:Toronto
2333:Dellner
2301:lines.
2098:drawbar
1996:of the
1986:Chicago
1938:or the
1928:Nigeria
1869:Ukraine
1865:Finland
1837:lignite
1720:(5,900
1682:and on
1665:⁄
1645:Finnish
1632:⁄
1358:buckeye
1321:knuckle
1317:buckeye
1068:in the
999:⁄
986:convert
908:⁄
606:Buffers
602:tramway
520:coupler
391:Suicide
376:Museums
307:History
285:History
263:Freight
65:History
4788:
4766:
4729:
4175:
4116:
3575:
3485:
3456:
3426:
3065:Arnold
3061:Rapido
2980:forces
2847:use a
2837:use a
2700:Wabtec
2401:, and
2397:, the
2375:Denver
2354:Schaku
2345:German
2280:N-Type
2130:Skybus
2088:, and
1977:
1932:Ceylon
1432:Brazil
1404:Taiwan
1392:Mexico
1388:Canada
1336:patent
1093:Weenen
923:, the
860:Uganda
637:.
314:Maglev
176:Trains
4764:S2CID
4659:(PDF)
4645:(PDF)
4630:[
4048:(PDF)
3691:(PDF)
3299:2021.
3295:Auf:
3215:Notes
3076:Kadee
2969:wagon
2831:metro
2821:or a
2727:]
2631:(SBB)
2510:Voith
2500:train
2437:Voith
2291:Ginza
2158:Arrow
2148:SEPTA
2117:SEPTA
2113:WABCO
1944:India
1813:C-AKv
1785:Knorr
1509:]
1490:]
1440:China
1428:Chile
1400:India
1396:Japan
1323:, or
927:, in
505:ICE T
477:on a
319:Urban
4795:and
4727:ISBN
4609:2011
4236:éȘè±ć°çŁ
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3912:2010
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2680:and
2609:SNCB
2556:Bern
2439:and
2381:and
2293:and
2265:R142
2174:BART
2138:the
2090:R68A
2082:R62A
2052:The
1875:and
1843:Z-AK
1835:and
1795:and
1793:SA-3
1680:Iran
1534:and
1511:).
1424:Cuba
1362:Ohio
1254:and
1049:The
765:The
557:and
549:use
280:Tram
103:list
4756:doi
4752:205
4154:ABC
4073:LAF
3357:LAF
3110:In
3088:In
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2996:).
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