Locomotive - Knowledge (XXG)

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commercial service and replaced with electric and diesel-electric locomotives. While North America transitioned from steam during the 1950s, and continental Europe by the 1970s, in other parts of the world, the transition happened later. Steam was a familiar technology that used widely-available fuels and in low-wage economies did not suffer as wide a cost disparity. It continued to be used in many countries until the end of the 20th century. By the end of the 20th century, almost the only steam power remaining in regular use around the world was on

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including compressor, combustion chamber, turbine and air pre-heater. In 1952, Renault delivered a prototype four-axle 1150 hp gas-turbine-mechanical locomotive fitted with the Pescara "free turbine" gas- and compressed-air producing system, rather than a co-axial multi-stage compressor integral to the turbine. This model was succeeded by a pair of six-axle 2400 hp locomotives with two turbines and Pescara feeds in 1959. Several similar locomotives were built in USSR by

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was the price of uranium. With the Borst atomic locomotive, the center section would have a 200-ton reactor chamber and steel walls 5 feet thick to prevent releases of radioactivity in case of accidents. He estimated a cost to manufacture atomic locomotives with 7000 h.p. engines at approximately $ 1,200,000 each. Consequently, trains with onboard nuclear generators were generally deemed unfeasible due to prohibitive costs.

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3 kV 15 Hz. The voltage was significantly higher than used earlier and it required new designs for electric motors and switching devices. The three-phase two-wire system was used on several railways in Northern Italy and became known as "the Italian system". Kandó was invited in 1905 to undertake the management of Società Italiana Westinghouse and led the development of several Italian electric locomotives.

1363: 135: 36: 1786: 1542: 2377:(EMUs) or diesel multiple units (DMUs) – passenger cars that also have traction motors and power equipment. Using dedicated locomotive-like power cars allows for a high ride quality and less electrical equipment; but EMUs have less axle weight, which reduces maintenance costs, and EMUs also have higher acceleration and higher seating capacity. Also some trains, including 4140: 2506: 1034:, that produced an operating system based upon a design prototype for a manganese mine in Giessen. Then in the early 1900's, they were sold for multiple mining and Tunnelling operations. Post the 1900's, no wide spread use was necessary or required. Their inadequacy had increased with the existence of petrol and diesel locomotives. 2369:, which do not have places for passengers and technically are special single-ended locomotives. The difference from conventional locomotives is that these power cars are integral part of a train and are not adapted for operation with any other types of passenger coaches. On the other hand, many high-speed trains such as the 1077:. This locomotive was built using a 12 hp double-acting marine type engine, running at 300 rpm, mounted on a 4-wheel wagon chassis. It was only able to haul one loaded wagon at a time, due to its low power output, and was not a great success. The first successful kerosene locomotive was "Lachesis" built by 2107:

tons. In 1928, Kennecott Copper ordered four 700-series electric locomotives with on-board batteries. These locomotives weighed 85 tons and operated on 750-volt overhead trolley wire with considerable further range whilst running on batteries. The locomotives provided several decades of service using

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Italian railways were the first in the world to introduce electric traction for the entire length of a main line rather than just a short stretch. The 106 km Valtellina line was opened on 4 September 1902, designed by Kandó and a team from the Ganz works. The electrical system was three-phase at

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developed a new type 3-phase asynchronous electric drive motors and generators for electric locomotives. Kandó's early 1894 designs were first applied in a short three-phase AC tramway in Evian-les-Bains (France), which was constructed between 1896 and 1898. In 1918, Kandó invented and developed the

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operation has become common, where the train may have a locomotive (or locomotives) at the front, at the rear, or at each end. Most recently railroads have begun adopting DPU or distributed power. The front may have one or two locomotives followed by a mid-train locomotive that is controlled remotely

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A south Wales town has begun months of celebrations to mark the 200th anniversary of the invention of the steam locomotive. Merthyr Tydfil was the location where, on 21 February 1804, Richard Trevithick took the world into the railway age when he set one of his high-pressure steam engines on a local

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in 1879. The locomotive was driven by a 2.2 kW, series-wound motor, and the train, consisting of the locomotive and three cars, reached a speed of 13 km/h. During four months, the train carried 90,000 passengers on a 300-metre-long (984 feet) circular track. The electricity (150 V DC) was

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to deliver the power output of gas turbines to the wheels. A gas turbine locomotive was patented in 1861 by Marc Antoine Francois Mennons (British patent no. 1633). There is no evidence that the locomotive was actually built but the design includes the essential features of gas turbine locomotives,

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figures showed that the cost of crewing and fuelling a steam locomotive was about two and a half times larger than the cost of supporting an equivalent diesel locomotive, and the daily mileage they could run was lower. Between about 1950 and 1970, the majority of steam locomotives were retired from

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and high sustained power. This allows them to start and move long, heavy trains, but usually comes at the cost of relatively low maximum speeds. Passenger locomotives usually develop lower starting tractive effort but are able to operate at the high speeds required to maintain passenger schedules.

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was given funding by various US railroad line and manufacturers to study the feasibility of an electric-drive locomotive, in which an onboard atomic reactor produced the steam to generate the electricity. At that time, atomic power was not fully understood; Borst believed the major stumbling block

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Electric locomotives almost universally use axle-hung traction motors, with one motor for each powered axle. In this arrangement, one side of the motor housing is supported by plain bearings riding on a ground and polished journal that is integral to the axle. The other side of the housing has a

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ran a large fleet of turbine-powered freight locomotives starting in the 1950s. These were widely used on long-haul routes, and were cost-effective despite their poor fuel economy due to their use of "leftover" fuels from the petroleum industry. At their height the railroad estimated that they

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started to enter service in switching operations, being remotely controlled by an operator outside of the locomotive cab. The main benefit is one operator can control the loading of grain, coal, gravel, etc. into the cars. In addition, the same operator can move the train as needed. Thus, the

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on the axle. Both gears are enclosed in a liquid-tight housing containing lubricating oil. The type of service in which the locomotive is used dictates the gear ratio employed. Numerically high ratios are commonly found on freight units, whereas numerically low ratios are typical of passenger

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Most steam locomotives have reciprocating engines, with pistons coupled to the driving wheels by means of connecting rods, with no intervening gearbox. This means the combination of starting tractive effort and maximum speed is greatly influenced by the diameter of the driving wheels. Steam

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Such locomotives are used where a conventional diesel or electric locomotive would be unsuitable. An example is maintenance trains on electrified lines when the electricity supply is turned off. Another use is in industrial facilities where a combustion-powered locomotive (i.e.,

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founded Diesel-Sulzer-Klose GmbH to manufacture diesel-powered locomotives. The Prussian State Railways ordered a diesel locomotive from the company in 1909. The world's first diesel-powered locomotive (a diesel-mechanical locomotive) was operated in the summer of 1912 on the

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is much higher. A turbine of a given power output is also physically smaller than an equally powerful piston engine, allowing a locomotive to be very powerful without being inordinately large. However, a turbine's power output and efficiency both drop dramatically with

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Mixed-traffic locomotives (US English: general purpose or road switcher locomotives) meant for both passenger and freight trains do not develop as much starting tractive effort as a freight locomotive but are able to haul heavier trains than a passenger locomotive.

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DC was used on earlier systems. These systems were gradually replaced by AC. Today, almost all main-line railways use AC systems. DC systems are confined mostly to urban transit such as metro systems, light rail and trams, where power requirement is less.

1975:; installation on the Seebach-Wettingen line of the Swiss Federal Railways was completed in 1904. The 15 kV, 50 Hz 345 kW (460 hp), 48 tonne locomotives used transformers and rotary converters to power DC traction motors. 1017:

by a transmission. Typically they keep the engine running at a near-constant speed whether the locomotive is stationary or moving. Internal combustion locomotives are categorised by their fuel type and sub-categorised by their transmission type.

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supplied through a third insulated rail between the tracks. A contact roller was used to collect the electricity. The world's first electric tram line opened in Lichterfelde near Berlin, Germany, in 1881. It was built by Werner von Siemens (see

1650:, unlike a piston engine, which has a comparatively flat power curve. This makes GTEL systems useful primarily for long-distance high-speed runs. Additional problems with gas turbine-electric locomotives included that they were very noisy. 2043:

could develop in the supply or return circuits, especially at rail joints, and allow dangerous current leakage into the ground. Battery locomotives in over-the-road service can recharge while absorbing dynamic-braking energy.

1948:, enabling electric locomotives to use three-phase motors whilst supplied via a single overhead wire, carrying the simple industrial frequency (50 Hz) single phase AC of the high voltage national networks. 1734:

tongue-shaped protuberance that engages a matching slot in the truck (bogie) bolster, its purpose being to act as a torque reaction device, as well as a support. Power transfer from motor to axle is effected by

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in England though no record of it working there has survived. On 21 February 1804, the first recorded steam-hauled railway journey took place as another of Trevithick's locomotives hauled a train from the

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or stationary engines that drove cable systems. Few such systems are still in existence today. Locomotives may generate their power from fuel (wood, coal, petroleum or natural gas), or they may take

823:, it ran with mixed success. The design incorporated a number of important innovations including the use of high-pressure steam which reduced the weight of the engine and increased its efficiency. 1955:. Each 30-tonne locomotive had two 110 kW (150 hp) motors run by three-phase 750 V 40 Hz fed from double overhead lines. Three-phase motors run at constant speed and provide 1410:

electrical control system (subsequent improvements were also patented by Lemp). Lemp's design used a single lever to control both engine and generator in a coordinated fashion, and was the

1302:. In the early days of diesel propulsion development, various transmission systems were employed with varying degrees of success, with electric transmission proving to be the most popular. 763:

to generate the steam used by the engine. The water in the boiler is heated by burning combustible material – usually coal, wood, or oil – to produce steam. The steam moves reciprocating

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as the fuel. They were the world's first internal combustion locomotives, preceding diesel and other oil locomotives by some years. The first known kerosene rail vehicle was a

3322: 1266:. This allows for smoother acceleration. It avoids the need for gear changes. However, it is more expensive, heavier, and sometimes bulkier than mechanical transmissions. 4307: 1865: 1395:

that drive the locomotive. There is no mechanical connection between the diesel engine and the wheels. The vast majority of diesel locomotives today are diesel-electric.

920: 3434: 2031:) could cause a safety issue due to the risks of fire, explosion or fumes in a confined space. Battery locomotives are preferred for mines where gas could be ignited by 1864:(B&O) in 1895 connecting the main portion of the B&O to the new line to New York through a series of tunnels around the edges of Baltimore's downtown. Three 3772: 2136: 2434:– a locomotive operating without a train behind it, for relocation or operational reasons. Occasionally, a light engine is referred to as a train in and of itself. 940: 902:. Steam locomotives are less efficient than modern diesel and electric locomotives, and a significantly larger workforce is required to operate and service them. 3128: 2330:

at another end of a train, which often have a cabin with the same design as a cabin of locomotive; examples of such trains with conventional locomotives are

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in Switzerland, but was not a commercial success. Small numbers of prototype diesel locomotives were produced in a number of countries through the mid-1920s.

1270: 2078:. It hauled a load of six tons at four miles per hour (6 kilometers per hour) for a distance of one and a half miles (2.4 kilometres). It was tested on the 4312: 4214: 3293: 2116:, and the locomotives were retired shortly afterward. All four locomotives were donated to museums, but one was scrapped. The others can be seen at the 1967:, Switzerland. The first implementation of industrial frequency single-phase AC supply for locomotives came from Oerlikon in 1901, using the designs of 887:. This success led to the company emerging as the pre-eminent early builder of steam locomotives used on railways in the UK, US and much of Europe. The 4037: 1868:

units were initially used, at the south end of the electrified section; they coupled onto the locomotive and train and pulled it through the tunnels.

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opened near Vienna in Austria. It was the first in the world in regular service powered from an overhead line. Five years later, in the U.S. electric

978: 1959:, and are well suited to steeply graded routes, and the first main-line three-phase locomotives were supplied by Brown (by then in partnership with 1609:. It was completed in 1941, and then underwent testing before entering regular service. The Am 4/6 was the first gas turbine – electric locomotive. 1418:

control. In 1917–18, GE produced three experimental diesel–electric locomotives using Lemp's control design. In 1924, a diesel-electric locomotive (

564: 556: 1964: 1932:, were simpler to manufacture and maintain. However, they were much larger than the DC motors of the time and could not be mounted in underfloor 1243:

are petrol locomotives which use electric transmission to deliver the power output of the engine to the driving wheels. This avoids the need for

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Electric locomotives usually cost 20% less than diesel locomotives, their maintenance costs are 25–35% lower, and cost up to 50% less to run.

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as fuel. Between the late 1890's and 1900's, a number of commercial manufacturers for Benzene Locomotives had been operating. This began with

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Prior to locomotives, the motive force for railways had been generated by various lower-technology methods such as human power, horse power,

560: 3884: 1777: 1754:, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and 2729: 552: 3430: 3352: 3378: 1676:

An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered only by electricity. Electricity is supplied to moving trains with a (nearly) continuous

1567:. ICE engines require a transmission to power the wheels. The engine must be allowed to continue to run when the locomotive is stopped. 3400: 2234:

There are many different types of hybrid or dual-mode locomotives using two or more types of motive power. The most common hybrids are

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in Germany. It had 5 driving axles (1'E1'). After several test rides, it hauled trains for almost three decades from 1925 to 1954.

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adapts the power output to the rails for freight or passenger service. Passenger locomotives may include other features, such as

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from an outside source of electricity. It is common to classify locomotives by their source of energy. The common ones include:

4655: 4610: 4495: 4356: 4207: 3060: 1730:, which is a shoe in contact with the third rail. Of the three, the pantograph method is best suited for high-speed operation. 1419: 1367: 966: 4009:

From Steam To Diesel: Managerial Customs and Organizational Capabilities in the Twentieth-Century American Locomotive Industry

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Diesel–electric locomotives are diesel locomotives using electric transmission. The diesel engine drives either an electrical

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Heilmann evaluated both AC and DC electric transmission for his locomotives, but eventually settled on a design based on

100: 3914: 1248: 3267: 2699:"Most Important and highly Valuable Sea-Sale Colliery, Near Newcastle-on-Tyne, to be sold by auction, by Mr. Burrell". 2311:, and feature extensive additional braking mechanisms and sometimes rack and pinion. Steam locomotives built for steep 1310: 72: 2673: 2575: 1850: 1755: 849:; this is generally regarded as the first commercially successful locomotive. Another well-known early locomotive was 348: 343: 53: 24: 3125: 1458:, in combination with gears, with a mechanical final drive to convey the power from the diesel engine to the wheels. 4154: 2285:

locomotives intended for freight service generally have smaller diameter driving wheels than passenger locomotives.

2242:. These are used to provide continuous journeys along routes that are only partly electrified. Examples include the 4200: 4012: 2301: 2125: 2048: 1901: 1815: 1807: 1560: 1010: 877:

in the north-east of England, which was the first public steam railway in the world. In 1829, his son Robert built

851: 603: 395: 165: 1117:. It was an 80 hp locomotive using a 3-cylinder vertical petrol engine, with a two speed mechanical gearbox. 79: 46: 4600: 4430: 2565: 2490: 2484: 2428:– a locomotive temporarily assisting a train from the rear, due to a difficult start or a sharp incline gradient; 2258: 2235: 1743: 1427: 1391:(generally 3,000 horsepower (2,200 kW) net or more for traction), the output of which provides power to the 1078: 760: 508: 503: 498: 360: 217: 4169: 2570: 1515:

have also been applied to rail use, for example 350 to 750 hp (260 to 560 kW) shunting locomotives by

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powered about 10% of Union Pacific's freight trains, a much wider use than any other example of this class.

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to transfer power to the wheels. This type of transmission is generally limited to low-powered, low speed

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This article is about the rail transport vehicle. For the type of heavy-haulage traction engine, see

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in September of the following year, but the limited power from batteries prevented its general use.

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in 1896. The company built four kerosene locomotives between 1896 and 1903, for use at the Arsenal.

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The wheel arrangement of a locomotive describes how many wheels it has; common methods include the

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A battery-electric locomotive (or battery locomotive) is an electric locomotive powered by onboard

1917: 1889: 1861: 1857: 1697: 1671: 1545: 1512: 1462: 1451: 1326: 863:. This locomotive is the oldest preserved, and is on static display in the Science Museum, London. 860: 513: 311: 183: 175: 3034: 4560: 4351: 4284: 3888: 3401:"Electrification of U.S. Railways: Pie in the Sky, or Realistic Goal? | Article | EESI" 2861: 2733: 2595: 2468: 2164: 1992: 1972: 1956: 1798: 1659: 1614: 1610: 1590: 1384: 1070: 1066: 891:, built by Stephenson, opened a year later making exclusive use of steam power for passenger and 795: 728: 644: 471: 3530: 3006: 2540: 3870: 3438: 3095: 2911: 160: 4440: 4294: 4118: 4083: 4062: 4041: 4016: 3815: 3777: 3751: 3562: 3534: 3465: 3374: 3306: 3287: 3222: 3010: 2560: 2550: 2458: 2086: 2028: 1987: 1909: 1846: 1727: 1415: 1378: 1295: 1290: 1255: 1251: 864: 846: 141: 4187: 4550: 4396: 4341: 4232: 3962: 2520: 2316: 2071: 2024: 2012: 1996: 1905: 1831: 1759: 1689: 1647: 1622: 1576: 1455: 1438: 1403: 1059: 986: 908: 869: 750: 734: 586: 437: 338: 321: 206: 168: 138: 2972: 1422:

original number Юэ 001/Yu-e 001) started operations. It had been designed by a team led by

1387:(generally, less than 3,000 horsepower (2,200 kW) net for traction), or an electrical 4644: 4545: 4183: 4158: 3942: 3132: 3122:

Lemp, Hermann. US Patent No. 1,154,785, filed 8 April 1914, and issued 28 September 1915.

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am Main West, a distance of 280 km. Using experience he had gained while working for

1811: 1520: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1470: 884: 843: 780: 738: 667: 656: 639:. If a locomotive is capable of carrying a payload, it is usually rather referred to as a 632: 581: 390: 385: 370: 3694: 1684:, suspended from poles or towers along the track or from structure or tunnel ceilings; a 1605:

ordered Am 4/6, a GTEL with a 1,620 kW (2,170 hp) of maximum engine power from

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World's first useful diesel locomotive (a diesel-electric locomotive) for long distances

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opened in 1883 in Brighton, and is the oldest surviving electric railway. Also in 1883,

1179:) to deliver the power output of the engine to the driving wheels, in the same way as a 93: 4639: 4629: 4590: 4530: 4525: 4490: 4386: 4366: 4317: 4114: 3782: 3523: 2472: 2425: 2419: 2297: 2289: 1925: 1880: 1794: 1693: 1598: 1466: 1443: 1423: 1407: 1392: 1263: 856: 827: 812: 703: 684: 628: 405: 279: 198: 3724: 2885:"Diesel Locomotives. The Construction of and Performance Obtained from the Oil Engine" 2665: 1203: 1129: 4689: 4619: 4565: 4540: 4535: 4460: 4435: 3864: 3196: 2641: 2585: 2511: 2437: 2362: 2335: 2239: 2129: 2056: 1838: 1751: 1719: 1681: 1626: 1338: 1330: 1299: 1014: 820: 799: 788: 784: 768: 693: 660: 640: 454: 380: 375: 353: 302: 267: 262: 250: 4164:

Locomotive cutaways and historical locomotives of several countries ordered by dates

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The steam locomotive remained by far the most common type of locomotive until after

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Railway Maintenance Equipment: The Men and Machines That Keep the Railroads Running

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twin-engined German designs to haul high-speed trains from the 1960s to 1990s (see

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Locomotives are also used on some high-speed trains. Some of them are operated in

1900:, Zürich. In 1891, Brown had demonstrated long-distance power transmission, using 1856:

The first use of electrification on a main line was on a four-mile stretch of the

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network never use locomotives. Instead of locomotive-like power-cars, they use

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In 1896, Oerlikon installed the first commercial example of the system on the

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The main worldwide user of main-line hydraulic transmission locomotives was

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in 1887, but this was not technically a locomotive as it carried a payload.

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In diesel-electric and electric locomotives the control system between the

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is the technical name for a locomotive attached to the front of a railway

4669: 4264: 4151: 2759: 2530: 2389:, use both non-passenger power cars and additional passenger motor cars. 2382: 2183: 2052: 1921: 1102: 1055: 1051: 1031: 840: 715:, which was first used in 1814 to distinguish between self-propelled and 570: 145: 1762:. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and 1722:, which is a frame that holds a long collecting rod against the wire; a 1273:. It weighed 60 tons, generated 350 hp and drove through a pair of 4624: 4520: 3584:

Organ für die fortschritte des eisenbahnwesens in technischer beziehung

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Life of Richard Trevithick: With an Account of His Inventions, Volume 1

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operation, the train engine might be attached to the rear of the train;

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A prototype of a Ganz AC electric locomotive in Valtellina, Italy, 1901

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Minneapolis, St. Paul, Rochester and Dubuque Electric Traction Company

655:; the use of these self-propelled vehicles is increasingly common for 4279: 4082:. World Railways Series, Vol 1. Stamford, Lincs, UK: Key Publishing. 2228: 2199: 2191: 1802: 1750:

Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient

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A notable early petrol-electric locomotive was built in 1913 for the

1259: 1114: 764: 466: 153: 4192: 3312:, July 1949, cutaway drawing of development by GE for Union Pacific 2505: 2276:

Freight locomotives are normally designed to deliver high starting

1337:. The earliest diesel locomotives were diesel-mechanical. In 1906, 794:

The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by

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which are connected to the locomotive's main wheels, known as the "

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A steam locomotive is a locomotive whose primary power source is a

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running along the track that usually takes one of three forms: an

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Traditionally, locomotives pulled trains from the front. However,

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The first known electric locomotive was built in 1837 by chemist

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Benzene locomotives have an internal combustion engines that use

2418:– a locomotive attached in front of the train engine, to enable 2300:(also referred to as hotel power or electric train supply) or a 2293: 2238:

powered either from an electricity supply or else by an onboard

1823: 1735: 1481:: initially licence-built versions of German designs. In Spain, 1371: 432: 4196: 2494:

locomotive is loaded or unloaded in about a third of the time.

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finally is another example of a fuel cell-electric locomotive.

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to haul that train. Alternatively, where facilities exist for

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in Newcastle upon Tyne. Rocket was entered into, and won, the

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Made in Hungary: Hungarian Contributions to Universal Culture

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systems. The first electric passenger train was presented by

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Locomotives occasionally work in a specific role, such as:

2186:(fuel cell) -powered mining locomotive was demonstrated in 2128:

previously operated a battery electric locomotive built by

1477:

introduced a number of diesel hydraulic designs during its

759:. The most common form of steam locomotive also contains a 4186:

monthly, February 1919, page 72, Scanned by Google Books:

2007:

A narrow gauge battery-electric locomotive used for mining

1920:

on steam-electric locomotive designs, Brown observed that

1450:

Diesel–hydraulic locomotives are diesel locomotives using

1101:

Petrol locomotives (US: gasoline locomotives) use petrol (

1936:: they could only be carried within locomotive bodies. 1781:

Werner von Siemens experimental DC electric train, 1879

1658:

Some locomotives, usually in France and Italy ran on a

1406:

electrical engineer, developed and patented a reliable

1262:, and then powering the wheels by multi-speed electric 1215: 1183:. The second petrol-mechanical locomotive was built by 1141: 3869:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. p. 3598:

Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift: Beihefte, Volumes 11–23

2825:

Developments and Changes in Science Based Technologies

2112:(Edison) technology. The batteries were replaced with 1637:. There are few moving parts, decreasing the need for 1191:

in January 1903 for the Richmond Main Sewerage Board.

711:'causing motion', and is a shortened form of the term 2730:"Richard Trevithick's steam locomotive | Rhagor" 1548:, a gas turbine-electric locomotive preserved at the 3835:

Gordon, William (1910). "The Underground Electric".

3811:

Biographical dictionary of the history of technology

3808:

Day, Lance; McNeil, Ian (1966). "Davidson, Robert".

3003:

The British Internal Combustion Locomotive 1894–1940

1641:

and potentially reducing maintenance costs, and the

1446:

diesel-hydraulic locomotive at Technikmuseum, Berlin

4653: 4609: 4504: 4420: 4326: 4293: 4231: 2307:Some locomotives are designed specifically to work 1710:

was equipped with both pantograph and contact shoes

60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3522: 2315:frequently have the boiler tilted relative to the 2067:Exhibition in 1841. The seven-ton vehicle had two 1613:was built by Brown Boveri and delivered in 1949. 3750:. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Balkema. p. 435. 3689: 3687: 3635: 3633: 4079:International Passenger Locomotives: Since 1985 1621:and delivered in 1951. A third locomotive, the 1065:A kerosene locomotive was built in 1894 by the 2812:(reprint ed.). Lewes, UK: The Book Guild. 1160:The most common type of petrol locomotive are 4208: 4180:Turning a Locomotive into a Stationary Engine 4055:Ellis, Cuthbert Hamilton (12 December 1988). 3559:Hungarian Contributions to World Civilization 3033:. Time.com. 28 September 1925. Archived from 1345:and the steam and diesel engine manufacturer 1314:An early Diesel-mechanical locomotive at the 604: 8: 2489:In the second half of the twentieth century 2257:There are three main uses of locomotives in 1633:A gas turbine offers some advantages over a 1454:. In this arrangement, they use one or more 2341:Also many high-speed trains, including all 1597:which produced electric current powers the 1113:in 1902, for the Deptford Cattle Market in 706: 697: 687: 4215: 4201: 4193: 2194:. In 2007 the educational mini-hydrail in 1789:Baltimore & Ohio electric engine, 1895 611: 597: 189: 3961:Hata, Hiroshi (1998). Wako, Kanji (ed.). 3464:. Harrow: Capital Transport. p. 36. 3145: 2182:In 2002, the first 3.6 tonne, 17 kW 1570:Gas turbine-mechanical locomotives use a 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 3110: 2823:P. Mathur; K. Mathur; S. Mathur (2014). 1928:motors and, because of the absence of a 1924:had a higher power-to-weight ratio than 1379:Diesel locomotive § Diesel–electric 3956: 3954: 3746:Strakoš, Vladimír; et al. (1997). 2996: 2994: 2916:The World's Work: A History of Our Time 2791:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2657: 2633: 1009:Internal combustion locomotives use an 990:at Darlington Railway Centre and Museum 916: 783:") or pulled behind the locomotive, in 480: 424: 300: 232: 197: 144:in Australia showing three body types, 3963:"What Drives Electric Multiple Units?" 3936:"Atomic Locomotive Produces 7000 h.p." 3885:"List of Kennecott Copper locomotives" 3292:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3285: 3124:Accessed via Google Patent Search at: 2858:The Pictorial Encyclopedia of Railways 2163:In the early 1950s, Lyle Borst of the 2135:London Underground regularly operates 1688:mounted at track level; or an onboard 1106: 3974:East Japan Railway Culture Foundation 3748:Mine Planning and Equipment Selection 3678: 3666: 3624: 3508: 3496: 3081: 7: 3983:from the original on 10 October 2022 3970:Japan Railway & Transport Review 2979:from the original on 1 December 2020 2910:Meiklejohn, Bernard (January 1906). 2827:. Partridge Publishing. p. 139. 2810:Timothy Hackworth and the Locomotive 1892:electric locomotive was designed by 1714:Various collection methods exist: a 1601:which drive the wheels. In 1939 the 1321:A diesel–mechanical locomotive uses 798:in 1802. It was constructed for the 58:adding citations to reliable sources 3057:"Direct drive gasoline locomotives" 2952:from the original on 3 October 2020 2891:from the original on 3 October 2020 2732:. Museumwales.ac.uk. Archived from 1097:The 1902 Maudslay Petrol Locomotive 787:, (this arrangement is known as a " 779:, (this arrangement is known as a " 4096:from the original on 15 April 2023 4058:Pictorial Encyclopedia of Railways 3917:from the original on 27 April 2021 3789:from the original on 28 April 2023 3561:. Alpha Publications. p. 67. 3529:. Simon Publications LLC. p. 3431:"Richmond Union Passenger Railway" 3355:from the original on 14 March 2023 3248:from the original on 12 April 2022 3221:, Voyager Press, pp. 78, 96, 3169:from the original on 30 April 2021 2039:at the collection shoes, or where 1999:used for hauling engineers' trains 889:Liverpool & Manchester Railway 14: 4111:The Second Diesel Spotter's Guide 4061:. Random House Value Publishing. 3701:from the original on 3 March 2016 3612:L'Eclairage électrique, Volume 48 3487:, Sagle, Lawrence, Alvin Stauffer 3381:from the original on 28 July 2023 3097:Electricity in the Service of Man 3063:from the original on 9 March 2021 875:Stockton & Darlington Railway 4138: 3600:. VDE Verlag. 1904. p. 163. 3411:from the original on 27 May 2021 3159:"The first russian diesel locos" 2766:from the original on 3 June 2020 2756:"Steam train anniversary begins" 2680:from the original on 2 July 2017 2504: 2349:(250 / 350 / Avril / XXI), some 2118:Boone and Scenic Valley Railroad 1828:Richmond Union Passenger Railway 1758:but most purchase power from an 1583:Gas turbine-electric locomotives 1327:shunting (switching) locomotives 1202: 1128: 977: 965: 949:steam locomotive in the town of 939: 919: 580: 205: 34: 4496:Schwartzkopff-Eckhardt II bogie 4175:International Steam Locomotives 3771:Lustig, David (21 April 2023). 3242:"Espacenet – Original document" 3094:Walmsley, R. Mullineux (1921). 2227:at the Innotrans convention in 1995:battery-electric locomotive at 1843:City & South London Railway 1175:(sometimes in conjunction with 819:in South Wales. Accompanied by 45:needs additional citations for 3863:Martin, George Curtis (1919). 2703:. 12 February 1814. p. 2. 2139:for general maintenance work. 2124:in Rio Vista, California. The 2065:Royal Scottish Society of Arts 1837:The first electrically worked 1830:, using equipment designed by 1826:were pioneered in 1888 on the 1005:Internal combustion locomotive 16:Self-propelled railway vehicle 1: 4152:An engineer's guide from 1891 3460:Badsey-Ellis, Antony (2005). 2946:mikes.railhistory.railfan.net 2596:Regenerative (dynamic) brakes 2132:in 1968 and retired in 2009. 2080:Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway 1742:on the motor shaft engages a 1465:, with designs including the 1352:Winterthur–Romanshorn railway 1316:North Alabama Railroad Museum 1162:petrol-mechanical locomotives 396:Passenger traffic terminology 4109:Pinkepank, Jerry A. (1973). 4007:Churella, Albert J. (1998). 2137:battery-electric locomotives 1963:) in 1899 on the 40 km 1939:In 1894, Hungarian engineer 1820:Mödling and Hinterbrühl Tram 1236:Petrol–electric transmission 1107:petrol-mechanical locomotive 972:Trevithick's 1802 locomotive 859:for the Wylam Colliery near 855:, built 1813–14 by engineer 4033:Electric Railways 1880–1990 3866:Mineral resources of Alaska 2714:Francis Trevithick (1872). 2674:Online Etymology Dictionary 2576:List of locomotive builders 2085:Another example was at the 1851:multiple-unit train control 1708:Southern Railway (UK) 20002 1625:, was constructed in 1961. 1563:locomotive consisting of a 1241:Petrol-electric locomotives 25:Locomotive (disambiguation) 4717: 4030:Duffy, Michael C. (2003). 4013:Princeton University Press 3642:"Kálmán Kandó (1869–1931)" 3557:Francis S. Wagner (1977). 3462:London's Lost Tube Schemes 2621:World's largest locomotive 2491:remote control locomotives 2482: 2479:Remote control locomotives 2456: 2236:electro-diesel locomotives 2213: 2175: 2151: 2126:Toronto Transit Commission 1808:Gross-Lichterfelde Tramway 1793:The earliest systems were 1669: 1561:internal combustion engine 1534: 1416:diesel–electric locomotive 1376: 1288: 1233: 1079:Richard Hornsby & Sons 1011:internal combustion engine 1002: 748: 726: 631:vehicle that provides the 166:Victorian Railways R class 18: 4431:AAR type A switcher truck 3644:. mszh.hu. Archived from 3640:Hungarian Patent Office. 3059:. Yardlimit.railfan.net. 2843:Encyclopedia of Railroads 2566:Headstock (rolling stock) 2485:Remote control locomotive 2259:rail transport operations 1513:Hydrostatic drive systems 1428:Maschinenfabrik Esslingen 1050:Kerosene locomotives use 1046:The 1887 Daimler draisine 509:List of high-speed trains 4113:. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: 3521:Andrew L. Simon (1998). 3323:"Rails and Gas Turbines" 3307:"Gas Turbine Locomotive" 3131:22 December 2012 at the 2777:iron master's tram rails 2313:rack and pinion railways 2273:(UK English: shunting). 2055:, and it was powered by 2017:battery electric vehicle 1577:Kharkov Locomotive Works 1083:Woolwich Arsenal Railway 717:stationary steam engines 4701:19th-century inventions 3941:6 November 2023 at the 3217:Solomon, Brian (2001), 2862:Hamlyn Publishing Group 2856:Hamilton Ellis (1968). 2808:Young, Robert (2000) . 2795:Oxford University Press 2789:Payton, Philip (2004). 2606:Rail vehicle resistance 2440:– a locomotive used to 2375:electric multiple units 2202:went into service. The 1816:Volk's Electric Railway 1572:mechanical transmission 1550:Illinois Railway Museum 1479:1955 Modernisation Plan 1426:and built 1923–1924 by 1389:AC alternator-rectifier 1323:mechanical transmission 411:Railway nationalization 4471:Krauss-Helmholtz bogie 4076:Flowers, Andy (2020). 3545:Evian-les-Bains kando. 3189:"Shunting locomotives" 3031:"Gasoline locomotives" 2556:Electric multiple unit 2526:Articulated locomotive 2444:passenger trains at a 2231: 2122:Western Railway Museum 2008: 2000: 1946:rotary phase converter 1885: 1790: 1782: 1711: 1603:Swiss Federal Railways 1557:gas turbine locomotive 1552: 1537:Gas turbine locomotive 1452:hydraulic transmission 1447: 1374: 1318: 1111:Maudslay Motor Company 1098: 1047: 707: 698: 688: 519:Longest train services 401:Named passenger trains 187: 172: 157: 23:. For other uses, see 4486:Radial steering truck 4303:AAR wheel arrangement 4147:at Wikimedia Commons 3814:. London: Routledge. 3582:C.W. Kreidel (1904). 3100:. pp. 1628–1631. 2465:AAR wheel arrangement 2223: 2087:Kennecott Copper Mine 2041:electrical resistance 2006: 1990: 1883: 1788: 1780: 1706: 1643:power-to-weight ratio 1544: 1487:power-to-weight ratio 1441: 1365: 1313: 1096: 1045: 932:Severn Valley Railway 671:from the lead unit. 534:Platform screen doors 178: 163: 137: 4313:Swiss classification 4168:Pickzone Locomotive 3948:, April 1954, p. 86. 3614:. 1906. p. 554. 3199:on 30 September 2016 3126:US Patent #1,154,785 3001:Webb, Brian (1973). 2973:"Daimler Motorwagen" 2942:"DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES" 2762:. 21 February 2004. 2309:steep grade railways 1969:Hans Behn-Eschenburg 1957:regenerative braking 1906:hydro-electric plant 1888:The first practical 1862:Baltimore & Ohio 1619:Metropolitan-Vickers 1591:electrical generator 955:Central Ostrobothnia 683:originates from the 587:Transport portal 539:Railway speed record 181:China Railways HXD1D 54:improve this article 4157:2 June 2021 at the 4115:Kalmbach Publishing 3853:, De Agostini, 2003 3435:IEEE History Center 3349:"Wood-Gas Vehicles" 3135:on 8 February 2007. 3037:on 18 November 2011 3007:David & Charles 2581:List of locomotives 2351:Korea Train Express 2324:push-pull formation 2248:Bombardier ALP-45DP 2225:Bombardier ALP-45DP 2154:Fireless locomotive 2120:, Iowa, and at the 2114:lead-acid batteries 2110:Nickel–iron battery 2063:, exhibited at the 1896:, then working for 1876:Alternating current 1858:Baltimore Belt Line 1752:generating stations 1698:alternating current 1672:Electric locomotive 1654:Wood Gas Generation 1463:Deutsche Bundesbahn 1333:and self-propelled 1254:of the engine into 1013:, connected to the 999:Internal combustion 861:Newcastle upon Tyne 514:List of train songs 391:High-speed railways 344:Couplers by country 193:Part of a series on 184:electric locomotive 4561:Klien-Lindner axle 4308:UIC classification 4285:Dual Control Stand 3681:, p. 120–121. 3441:on 1 December 2008 3274:on 2 December 2017 3148:, pp. 139–141 2718:. E.&F.N.Spon. 2586:Locomotives in art 2469:UIC classification 2232: 2210:Hybrid locomotives 2172:Fuel cell-electric 2165:University of Utah 2009: 2001: 1993:London Underground 1973:Emil Huber-Stockar 1965:Burgdorf—Thun line 1922:three-phase motors 1886: 1847:Mather & Platt 1812:Berlin Straßenbahn 1799:Werner von Siemens 1791: 1783: 1756:transmission lines 1712: 1660:Wood gas generator 1615:British Rail 18100 1611:British Rail 18000 1553: 1448: 1375: 1319: 1296:Diesel locomotives 1247:by converting the 1214:. You can help by 1140:. You can help by 1099: 1071:Kingston upon Hull 1067:Priestman Brothers 1048: 796:Richard Trevithick 729:Class (locomotive) 349:Coupler conversion 188: 173: 158: 142:diesel locomotives 4683: 4682: 4586:Road–rail vehicle 4571:Luttermöller axle 4441:Articulated bogie 4295:Wheel arrangement 4143:Media related to 4124:978-0-89024-026-7 4068:978-0-517-01305-2 4047:978-0-85296-805-5 4022:978-0-691-02776-0 3946:Popular Mechanics 3849:Renzo Pocaterra, 3837:Our Home Railways 3821:978-0-415-06042-4 3648:on 8 October 2010 3568:978-0-912404-04-2 3540:978-0-9665734-2-8 3499:, pp. 39–41. 3310:Popular Mechanics 2971:Winkler, Thomas. 2864:. pp. 24–30. 2561:Headboard (train) 2551:Duplex locomotive 2459:Wheel arrangement 2453:Wheel arrangement 2393:Operational role 2072:reluctance motors 1910:Lauffen am Neckar 1491:Renfe Classes 340 1456:torque converters 1306:Diesel-mechanical 1291:Diesel locomotive 1256:electrical energy 1232: 1231: 1158: 1157: 1121:Petrol-mechanical 1081:and delivered to 909:heritage railways 865:George Stephenson 847:Middleton Railway 839:first ran on the 830:'s twin-cylinder 789:tender locomotive 713:locomotive engine 702:'place', and the 621: 620: 339:Railway couplings 322:Steam locomotives 130: 129: 122: 104: 4708: 4456:Cleminson system 4217: 4210: 4203: 4194: 4142: 4128: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4072: 4051: 4026: 3993: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3982: 3972:. 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Sprague 1760:electric utility 1648:rotational speed 1623:British Rail GT3 1546:Union Pacific 18 1434:Diesel-hydraulic 1404:General Electric 1252:mechanical force 1227: 1224: 1206: 1199: 1153: 1150: 1132: 1125: 1060:Gottlieb Daimler 987:Locomotion No. 1 981: 969: 943: 923: 870:Locomotion No. 1 751:Steam locomotive 710: 701: 692:'from a place', 691: 657:passenger trains 613: 606: 599: 585: 584: 285:Gauge conversion 209: 190: 169:steam locomotive 139:Pacific National 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 4716: 4715: 4711: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4706: 4705: 4686: 4685: 4684: 4679: 4649: 4605: 4546:Equalising beam 4500: 4416: 4322: 4289: 4236: 4227: 4221: 4188:Popular Science 4184:Popular Science 4159:Wayback Machine 4136: 4131: 4125: 4108: 4099: 4097: 4090: 4075: 4069: 4054: 4048: 4029: 4023: 4006: 4002: 3997: 3996: 3986: 3984: 3980: 3965: 3960: 3959: 3952: 3943:Wayback Machine 3934: 3930: 3920: 3918: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3894: 3892: 3891:on 6 March 2012 3883: 3882: 3878: 3862: 3861: 3857: 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1040: 1024: 1007: 1001: 996: 995: 994: 991: 982: 973: 970: 961: 944: 935: 924: 885:Rainhill Trials 844:rack-and-pinion 832:rack locomotive 781:tank locomotive 753: 747: 731: 725: 723:Classifications 677: 659:, but rare for 617: 579: 476: 425:Special systems 420: 386:Inter-city rail 371:Passenger train 296: 251:Railway station 228: 227: 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 21:Road locomotive 17: 12: 11: 5: 4714: 4712: 4704: 4703: 4698: 4688: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4661: 4659: 4656:exhaust system 4651: 4650: 4648: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4616: 4614: 4611:Exhaust system 4607: 4606: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4591:Trailing wheel 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4531:Carrying wheel 4528: 4526:Beugniot lever 4523: 4518: 4512: 4510: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4498: 4493: 4491:Scheffel bogie 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4427: 4425: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 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1289:Main article: 1286: 1283: 1234:Main article: 1230: 1229: 1209: 1207: 1196: 1193: 1156: 1155: 1135: 1133: 1122: 1119: 1090: 1087: 1039: 1036: 1023: 1020: 1015:driving wheels 1003:Main article: 1000: 997: 993: 992: 983: 976: 974: 971: 964: 962: 945: 938: 936: 925: 918: 915: 914: 913: 857:William Hedley 828:Matthew Murray 813:Merthyr Tydfil 811:ironworks, in 769:driving wheels 749:Main article: 746: 743: 724: 721: 704:Medieval Latin 676: 673: 661:freight trains 629:rail transport 619: 618: 616: 615: 608: 601: 593: 590: 589: 576: 575: 574: 573: 568: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 483: 482: 478: 477: 475: 474: 469: 464: 463: 462: 452: 447: 442: 441: 440: 427: 426: 422: 421: 419: 418: 413: 408: 406:Rail subsidies 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 357: 356: 351: 346: 336: 331: 326: 325: 324: 314: 306: 305: 298: 297: 295: 294: 293: 292: 287: 282: 280:Variable gauge 272: 271: 270: 260: 259: 258: 248: 243: 235: 234: 233:Infrastructure 230: 229: 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Princeton: 4010: 4005: 4004: 3999: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3964: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3944: 3940: 3937: 3932: 3929: 3916: 3912: 3906: 3903: 3890: 3886: 3880: 3877: 3872: 3868: 3867: 3859: 3856: 3852: 3846: 3843: 3838: 3831: 3828: 3823: 3817: 3813: 3812: 3804: 3801: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3779: 3774: 3767: 3764: 3759: 3757:90-5410-915-7 3753: 3749: 3742: 3739: 3726: 3722: 3716: 3713: 3700: 3696: 3690: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3672: 3668: 3663: 3660: 3647: 3643: 3636: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3621: 3618: 3613: 3607: 3604: 3599: 3593: 3590: 3585: 3578: 3575: 3570: 3564: 3560: 3553: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3536: 3532: 3527: 3526: 3517: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3502: 3498: 3493: 3490: 3486: 3485:B&O Power 3481: 3478: 3473: 3471:1-85414-293-3 3467: 3463: 3456: 3453: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3396: 3393: 3380: 3376: 3370: 3367: 3354: 3350: 3344: 3341: 3328: 3324: 3318: 3315: 3311: 3308: 3303: 3300: 3295: 3289: 3273: 3269: 3263: 3260: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3234: 3230: 3224: 3220: 3213: 3210: 3198: 3194: 3193:cmigroupe.com 3190: 3184: 3181: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3154: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3130: 3127: 3119: 3116: 3113:, p. 12. 3112: 3111:Churella 1998 3107: 3104: 3099: 3098: 3090: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3075: 3062: 3058: 3052: 3049: 3036: 3032: 3026: 3023: 3018: 3012: 3008: 3004: 2997: 2995: 2991: 2978: 2974: 2967: 2964: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2937: 2934: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2906: 2903: 2890: 2886: 2880: 2877: 2874:Ellis, p. 355 2871: 2868: 2863: 2859: 2852: 2849: 2844: 2840: 2834: 2831: 2826: 2819: 2816: 2811: 2804: 2801: 2796: 2792: 2785: 2782: 2778: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2751: 2748: 2735: 2731: 2725: 2722: 2717: 2710: 2707: 2702: 2701:Leeds Mercury 2695: 2692: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2661: 2658: 2651: 2644:'s DC system. 2643: 2642:Thomas Edison 2637: 2634: 2627: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2518: 2513: 2512:Trains portal 2507: 2502: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2486: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2460: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2438:Station pilot 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2400: 2399: 2398: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2363:Intercity 125 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2337: 2336:Intercity 225 2333: 2329: 2326:with trailer 2325: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2282: 2279: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2252: 2250: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2240:diesel engine 2237: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2179: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2158: 2155: 2147: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2133: 2131: 2130:Nippon Sharyo 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2045: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2005: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1961:Walter Boveri 1958: 1954: 1949: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1918:Jean Heilmann 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1894:Charles Brown 1891: 1882: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1841:line was the 1840: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1787: 1779: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1738:, in which a 1737: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1720:bow collector 1717: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1682:overhead line 1679: 1673: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1635:piston engine 1631: 1628: 1627:Union Pacific 1624: 1620: 1617:was built by 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1525:rail grinders 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1445: 1440: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1396: 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Retrieved 4078: 4057: 4032: 4008: 4000:Bibliography 3985:. Retrieved 3969: 3945: 3931: 3919:. Retrieved 3905: 3893:. Retrieved 3889:the original 3879: 3865: 3858: 3850: 3845: 3836: 3830: 3810: 3803: 3791:. Retrieved 3776: 3766: 3747: 3741: 3729:. Retrieved 3725:the original 3715: 3703:. Retrieved 3679:Duffy (2003) 3674: 3667:Duffy (2003) 3662: 3650:. Retrieved 3646:the original 3625:Duffy (2003) 3620: 3611: 3606: 3597: 3592: 3583: 3577: 3558: 3552: 3544: 3524: 3516: 3509:Duffy (2003) 3504: 3497:Duffy (2003) 3492: 3484: 3480: 3461: 3455: 3443:. Retrieved 3439:the original 3425: 3413:. Retrieved 3404: 3395: 3383:. Retrieved 3369: 3357:. Retrieved 3343: 3331:. Retrieved 3327:the original 3317: 3309: 3302: 3276:. Retrieved 3272:the original 3262: 3250:. Retrieved 3236: 3218: 3212: 3201:, retrieved 3197:the original 3192: 3183: 3171:. Retrieved 3162: 3153: 3141: 3123: 3118: 3106: 3096: 3089: 3077: 3065:. Retrieved 3051: 3039:. Retrieved 3035:the original 3025: 3002: 2981:. Retrieved 2966: 2954:. Retrieved 2945: 2936: 2924:. Retrieved 2919: 2915: 2905: 2893:. Retrieved 2879: 2870: 2857: 2851: 2842: 2839:Nock, Oswald 2833: 2824: 2818: 2809: 2803: 2790: 2784: 2775: 2768:. Retrieved 2750: 2738:. Retrieved 2734:the original 2724: 2715: 2709: 2700: 2694: 2682:. 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Blake 1166:mechanical 1149:April 2020 1075:Hull docks 880:The Rocket 809:Penydarren 804:Shropshire 727:See also: 681:locomotive 625:locomotive 499:By country 450:Interurban 445:Light rail 290:Dual gauge 241:Management 80:newspapers 4665:Blastpipe 4382:Hackworth 4275:Cowl unit 4270:Hood unit 4255:Sharknose 4242:Long hood 3652:10 August 3067:1 January 3041:1 January 2956:4 October 2922:: 8437–54 2895:4 October 2521:Air brake 2475:systems. 2410:push-pull 2271:switching 2263:passenger 2196:Kaohsiung 2013:batteries 1914:Frankfurt 1853:in 1897. 1747:engines. 1744:bull gear 1678:conductor 1517:CMI Group 1442:A German 1412:prototype 1398:In 1914, 1245:gearboxes 1173:gearboxes 1058:built by 934:, England 836:Salamanca 826:In 1812, 817:Abercynon 679:The word 675:Etymology 668:push-pull 653:power car 524:Modelling 504:Companies 489:Accidents 312:Operating 246:Rail yard 150:hood unit 148:(front), 4670:Smokebox 4658:elements 4635:Lemaître 4601:Wheelset 4509:elements 4402:Southern 4362:Caprotti 4265:Cab unit 4155:Archived 4100:15 April 4094:Archived 3978:Archived 3939:Archived 3921:16 March 3915:Archived 3787:Archived 3699:Archived 3409:Archived 3405:eesi.org 3379:Archived 3353:Archived 3333:12 April 3288:cite web 3246:Archived 3167:Archived 3129:Archived 3061:Archived 2983:12 April 2977:Archived 2950:Archived 2889:Archived 2887:. 1935. 2841:(1977). 2764:Archived 2760:BBC News 2678:Archived 2531:Autorail 2498:See also 2387:TGV V150 2383:TGV TMST 2265:trains, 2188:Val-d'Or 2184:hydrogen 2148:Fireless 2053:Aberdeen 1898:Oerlikon 1824:trolleys 1696:(DC) or 1666:Electric 1585:, use a 1469:and the 1414:for all 1368:SŽD Eel2 1335:railcars 1103:gasoline 1056:draisine 1052:kerosene 1038:Kerosene 873:for the 694:ablative 571:Vactrain 361:Wheelset 186:in China 146:cab unit 4675:Chimney 4654:Common 4645:Lemprex 4625:Kylchap 4521:Axlebox 4377:Gresley 4357:Bulleid 4352:Baguley 3415:7 April 3385:28 July 3359:28 July 2926:10 July 2770:13 June 2379:TGV PSE 2345:, many 2332:Railjet 2267:freight 2244:EMD FL9 2178:Hydrail 2102:⁄ 2061:Galvani 1860:of the 1814:). 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