1218:
2889:
127:
3395:
3381:
320:
and may hold office until the age of 75. Some of the justices have elected supernumerary (part-time or semi-retired) status. Occasionally, justices of the Court of King's Bench of
Alberta sit on appeals. This is done at the request of a justice of the Court of Appeal. When this happens, these
233:, Canada's court of last resort. Other than certain criminal matters, appeals to the Supreme Court of Canada are heard only by leave of that court. Since the Supreme Court denies leave in most cases, the Court of Appeal is the final court for most matters originating in Alberta.
277:
which was replaced by the
Supreme Court of Alberta in 1907 (shortly after Alberta became a province in 1905). The new Supreme Court of Alberta comprised a trial division and an appellate division (essentially, brother justices of the Supreme Court sitting
2546:
240:
and therefore requires a statute to grant it the power to hear a matter before a panel is convened. As a court of a province, it is administered by the provincial government. Hearings are held exclusively in
Edmonton's
307:
There are 14 official positions on the bench including the chief justice of
Alberta, who is the highest judicial officer in the province. At any given time there may be several additional judges who also sit as
2550:
1742:
330:
Most cases are heard by a panel of three justices, although the chief justice may convene a larger panel in exceptional circumstances. A single justice presides over matters heard in
2145:
3436:
1892:
295:
enacted these changes in 1919, and it was proclaimed in 1921. It was not until 1979 that the court changed its name to the "Court of Appeal of
Alberta" through the
3229:
3204:
3075:
347:
3050:
3166:
1847:
3315:
3151:
3126:
2936:
2768:
2572:
2420:
2275:
2096:
1938:
1815:
1574:
1057:
685:
361:
274:
3131:
2736:
3106:
1783:
299:, at the same time that the Supreme Court Trial Division and the District Court were amalgamated and renamed the "Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta".
3219:
1658:"We couldn't find that Web page (Error 404) - Department of Justice / Nous ne pouvons trouver cette page Web (Erreur 404) - Ministère de la Justice"
1589:"We couldn't find that Web page (Error 404) - Department of Justice / Nous ne pouvons trouver cette page Web (Erreur 404) - Ministère de la Justice"
1513:"We couldn't find that Web page (Error 404) - Department of Justice / Nous ne pouvons trouver cette page Web (Erreur 404) - Ministère de la Justice"
3431:
3065:
3267:
2964:
1952:
1657:
1588:
1512:
1443:
3330:
3141:
2864:
2841:
2817:
2667:
2029:
1746:
3174:
2997:
1687:
3111:
2504:
886:
863:
840:
810:
787:
759:
734:
533:
514:
495:
476:
457:
435:
416:
364:. The current acting chief justice of Alberta, Frans Slater, is also the chief justice of the Northwest Territories. Hearings are held in
3280:
3101:
2605:
2368:
2149:
647:
628:
609:
590:
571:
552:
99:
3426:
1716:
214:). Some administrative appeals may bypass the Court of King's Bench, commonly orders made by professional discipline boards under the
2710:
2460:
3300:
3209:
3116:
3096:
3012:
2828:
2648:
2615:
2300:
2290:
1257:
1874:
1542:
2434:
2342:
2243:
2064:
1618:
1473:
3184:
3055:
3030:
3020:
2225:
1978:
351:
191:
3356:
3214:
3310:
2929:
2694:
207:
3340:
2586:
2394:
1906:
3320:
3189:
3060:
3040:
195:
2685:
History, Osgoode
Society for Canadian Legal; Alberta, Legal Archives Society of; results, search (December 1, 1995).
1413:
1228:
3260:
3224:
2905:
2207:
2189:
1383:
1075:
1232:
3305:
3136:
2922:
2316:
976:
250:
2899:
3325:
3295:
3234:
3194:
3179:
3156:
3070:
3035:
3002:
1851:
666:
3361:
918:
2743:
1414:"NUTV Talent Development Series - Weekend After Effects Workshop Aug. 20-21 - Events - University of Calgary"
3421:
3366:
3335:
3276:
3080:
2982:
2959:
1126:
1016:
995:
980:
971:
230:
171:
2808:
Lords of the
Western Bench: A Biographical History of the Supreme and District Courts of Alberta, 1876-1990
2004:
1790:
3146:
3045:
2987:
2945:
1201:
942:
936:
815:
313:
262:
199:
163:
2030:
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/alberta-insurance-cap-on-soft-tissue-injuries-struck-down-1.712242
3253:
3121:
1873:
Services, Government of Canada, Office of the
Secretary to the Governor General, Information and Media.
991:
961:
309:
246:
242:
237:
66:
62:
2505:
https://web.archive.org/web/20070927221722/http://www.calgary.ca/DocGallery/BU/cityclerks/caldermen.pdf
1956:
2171:
1365:
3245:
1033:
1021:
985:
317:
1665:
1596:
1520:
1451:
1006:
2992:
2110:
1087:
1051:
871:
848:
825:
795:
772:
744:
719:
331:
2037:
1691:
767:
203:
2640:
2508:
1619:
https://archive.today/20071205205232/http://canada.justice.gc.ca/en/news/ja/2000/doc_25464.html
1474:
https://archive.today/20071205195257/http://canada.justice.gc.ca/en/news/ja/2001/doc_26020.html
2860:
2837:
2813:
2762:
2690:
2644:
2611:
2566:
2519:
2414:
2296:
2269:
2122:
2090:
1932:
1886:
1809:
1630:
1622:
1568:
1485:
1477:
1093:
1045:
912:
2486:
1063:
948:
900:
1720:
17:
3385:
3199:
2714:
2532:
2131:
2050:
1982:
1643:
1498:
1039:
1027:
924:
211:
2372:
98:
14 (in addition to chief justice of
Alberta, supernumerary judges, and the judges of the
2888:
1549:
126:
2806:
2783:"List of Law Nomination Scholarships - Office of the Registrar - University of Alberta"
2633:
2250:
2071:
1239:
967:
930:
2909:
People, principles, progress. The
Alberta Court of Appeal's first century 1914 to 2014
2464:
2229:
3415:
3399:
2853:
1769:
1081:
1012:
906:
335:
327:, but they have the same powers and duties as other justices of the Court of Appeal.
288:
2830:
People Principles Progress: The Alberta Court of Appeal's First Century 1914 to 2014
2894:
2438:
2346:
1321:
1069:
400:
258:
142:
1364:
Canada, Office of the Commissioner for Federal Judicial Affairs (March 31, 2007).
2782:
2711:"Fourth International Conference on Law via the Internet - Bibliographical Notes"
1366:"Federal Judicial Appointments - Number of Federally Appointed Judges in Canada"
365:
2398:
1913:
291:, supported an independent appellate court designed only to hear appeals. The
1196:
2882:
1421:
117:
1391:
1772:. Chicago, Ill. : Pioneer Historical – via Internet Archive.
254:
183:
167:
51:
2320:
1717:"Prime Minister of Canada: PM announces Alberta Judicial Appointments"
187:
1829:
2914:
350:
are selected from the justices of the Court of Appeal of Alberta,
166:
that serves as the highest appellate court in the jurisdiction of
3249:
2918:
1770:"Alberta, past and present : historical and biographical"
1211:
368:, but may be heard anywhere in the territories or in Alberta.
2687:
Northern Justice: The Memoirs of Mr Justice William G. Morrow
236:
Unlike the Court of King's Bench, the Court of Appeal has no
2668:"Archives and Special Collections - University of Calgary -"
2902:, by the late J.W. (Buzz) McClung, Justice of Appeal, n. d.
1347:
1293:
1307:
1279:
2895:
Government of Alberta Justice and Attorney General Courts
2855:
The Alberta Supreme Court at 100: History & Authority
1450:. Department of Justice. October 27, 2006. Archived from
694:
Supernumerary judges of the Court of Appeal of Alberta
2604:
McDonell, James K.; Campbell, Robert Bennett (1997).
2005:"David Cargill McDonald | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
257:), the Alberta Court of Appeal displays a different
3349:
3288:
3165:
3089:
3011:
2975:
2952:
138:
133:
112:
94:
73:
58:
47:
39:
34:
2852:
2836:. Calgary: The Legal Archives Society of Alberta.
2805:
2632:
2804:Knafla, Louis A.; Klumpenhouwer, Richard (1997).
2635:A History of the University of Alberta, 1908β1969
178:Jurisdiction and hierarchy within Canadian courts
2587:"Albertasource.ca Alberta's Online Encyclopedia"
2190:"Albertasource.ca Alberta's Online Encyclopedia"
1120:Mary Margaret McCormick Hetherington (1985β2001)
2172:"University of Alberta: Frank Ford (1942β1946)"
1359:
1357:
2911:, Centennial Book, by David Mittelstadt, n. d.
2812:. Calgary: Legal Archives Society of Alberta.
229:Appeals from the Court of Appeal lie with the
3261:
2930:
2226:"Law Society of Alberta - 2006 Annual Report"
348:Court of Appeal for the Northwest Territories
338:matters or applications for leave to appeal.
8:
3090:Provincial/Territorial superior trial courts
1891:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
279:
2461:"ADR Chambers International - Panel Member"
2435:"ADR Chambers International - Panel Member"
2369:"ADR Chambers International - Panel Member"
2343:"ADR Chambers International - Panel Member"
2208:"University of Alberta: Board of Governors"
1711:
1709:
355:
322:
103:
3268:
3254:
3246:
2937:
2923:
2915:
2887:
692:
686:Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories
375:
362:Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories
342:Association with the Northwest Territories
275:Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories
125:
2859:. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press.
1953:"Alberta Judicial Appointments Announced"
1444:"Alberta Judicial Appointments Announced"
1258:Learn how and when to remove this message
1242:so that sources are clearly identifiable.
377:Judges of the Court of Appeal of Alberta
3437:Courts and tribunals established in 1921
1979:"Alberta Judicial Appointment Announced"
1078:((1914β1921 en banc appeals)((1921β1928)
3013:Provincial/Territorial appellate courts
1830:"S. Bruce Smith- S. Bruce Smith School"
1271:
1159:Joseph John Walter Stratton (1987β1995)
1153:William Alexander MacDonald (1944β1957)
1084:(1907β1921 en banc appeals) (1921β1928)
2900:History of the Alberta Court of Appeal
2851:Swainger, Jonathan Scott, ed. (2007).
2767:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2760:
2571:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2564:
2528:
2517:
2419:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2412:
2274:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2267:
2120:
2095:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2088:
2046:
2035:
1937:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1930:
1884:
1814:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1807:
1639:
1628:
1573:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1566:
1494:
1483:
1036:(1907β1921 en banc appeals)(1921β1926)
31:
287:The second chief justice of Alberta,
7:
2655:Hugh John MacDonald Justice Alberta.
1150:Horace Gilchrist Johnson (1954β1973)
316:, the justices are appointed by the
3167:Provincial/Territorial trial courts
1177:William Robert Sinclair (1973β1979)
1168:Marshall Menzies Porter (1954β1969)
200:administrative boards and tribunals
1171:Howard Lawrence Irving (1985β1999)
273:The court originated from the old
25:
2639:. University of Alberta. p.
1743:"Justices of the Court of Appeal"
1308:Energy Resources Conservation Act
1144:William George Morrow (1976β1979)
1132:Neil Douglas McDermid (1963β1986)
1108:James Mitchell Cairns (1965β1977)
1105:Harold Hayward Parlee (1945β1954)
887:Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
864:Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
841:Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
811:Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
788:Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
760:Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
735:Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
534:Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
515:Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
496:Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
477:Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
458:Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
436:Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
417:Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
249:. Unlike other provinces (except
224:Energy Resources Conservation Act
3393:
3380:
3379:
2610:. GeneralStore PublishingHouse.
2289:Lumley, Elizabeth (April 2005).
1322:"History of the Court of Appeal"
1240:add missing citation information
1216:
1180:David Clifton Prowse (1972β1979)
1174:Henry William Lunney (1928β1944)
1165:Carlton Ward Clement (1970β1982)
1040:Allen Borislaw Zenoviy Sulatycky
895:Former chief justices of Alberta
648:Court of King's Bench of Alberta
629:Court of King's Bench of Alberta
610:Court of King's Bench of Alberta
591:Court of King's Bench of Alberta
572:Court of King's Bench of Alberta
553:Court of King's Bench of Alberta
352:Court of Appeal for Saskatchewan
100:Court of King's Bench of Alberta
2295:. University of Toronto Press.
1688:"Top 40: Part 1 | Stories"
1183:Roger Hector Belzil (1981β1996)
1156:Gordon Hollis Allen (1966β1978)
1138:Hugh John MacDonald (1957β1960)
1117:Roger Philip Kerans (1980β1997)
108:members of the Court of Appeal)
3432:1921 establishments in Alberta
2672:specialcollections.ucalgary.ca
2146:"Alberta Law Reform Institute"
2009:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
1384:"Northwest Territories Courts"
1162:Arnold Fraser Moir (1973β1979)
1135:James Boyd McBride (1957β1959)
1028:(Asa) Milton "Milt" Harradence
1003:David C McDonald (1995 - 1996)
711:Position prior to appointment
394:Position prior to appointment
1:
1768:Blue, John (August 5, 2018).
1114:John David Bracco (1987β19??)
1058:Alexander Andrew MacGillivray
1015:(1991β1992), elevated to the
1000:Clifton D O'Brien (2005β2014)
970:(2016β2017), elevated to the
870:Justice Elizabeth A. Hughes (
192:Alberta Court of King's Bench
2491:www.lieutenantgovernor.ab.ca
1283:, RSA 2000, c. M-11, Part 4
1111:Carole M. Conrad (1992β2014)
1099:Neil C. Wittmann (1999β2004)
1082:Nicholas Dubois Dominic Beck
994:(2014β2015) elevated to the
979:(1980β1990) elevated to the
794:Justice Thomas W. Wakeling (
210:in Council (essentially the
182:The court is the highest in
2827:Mittelstadt, David (2014).
2631:Johns, Walter Hugh (1981).
1141:RenΓ© Paul Foisy (1987β1999)
977:William Alexander Stevenson
824:Justice Michelle Crighton (
261:than its lower courts: the
196:Provincial Court of Alberta
154:(frequently referred to as
18:Court of Appeal for Alberta
3453:
1123:Willis O'Leary (1994β2006)
716:Justice Peter W.L. Martin
152:Court of Appeal of Alberta
35:Court of Appeal of Alberta
3427:Canadian appellate courts
3375:
3316:Newfoundland and Labrador
3205:Newfoundland and Labrador
3127:Newfoundland and Labrador
3051:Newfoundland and Labrador
2787:www.registrar.ualberta.ca
2212:www.ualbertacentennial.ca
2176:www.ualbertacentennial.ca
2130:Cite uses generic title (
1328:. Alberta Court of Appeal
1147:Adelle Fruman (1998β2007)
1102:Frank C. Ford (1936β1954)
1052:Charles Richmond Mitchell
847:Justice Jo'Anne Strekaf (
445:Justice Dawn Pentelechuk
423:Justice Frans F. Slatter
284:with a quorum of three).
251:Newfoundland and Labrador
2317:"John D. Bracco History"
667:Alberta Court of Justice
464:Justice Jolaine Antonio
164:Canadian appellate court
27:Canadian appellate court
3277:Chief Justice of Canada
2983:Federal Court of Appeal
2960:Supreme Court of Canada
2292:Canadian Who's Who 2005
1127:Samuel Sereth Lieberman
1046:William Robinson Howson
1017:Supreme Court of Canada
996:Supreme Court of Canada
981:Supreme Court of Canada
972:Supreme Court of Canada
635:Justice Tamara Friesen
439:McCuaig Desrochers LLP
231:Supreme Court of Canada
172:Supreme Court of Canada
156:Alberta Court of Appeal
2689:. Univ of Toronto Pr.
2514:on September 27, 2007.
1280:Medical Profession Act
1202:Court System of Canada
1186:E.W.S Kane (1961β1974)
943:James Herbert Laycraft
937:William A. McGillivray
909:(1910β1921, 1924β1949)
816:Fraser Milner Casgrain
654:Justice Joshua Hawkes
597:Justice Alice Woolley
540:Justice William deWit
356:
323:
310:supernumerary justices
280:
263:coat of arms of Canada
216:Medical Profession Act
104:
3357:Northwest Territories
3281:province or territory
3230:Northwest Territories
3152:Northwest Territories
3076:Northwest Territories
1848:"LASA Judicial Busts"
1694:on September 17, 2016
1094:William Joseph Haddad
919:George Bligh O'Connor
768:Patricia A. Rowbotham
673:Justice Karan Shaner
578:Justice April Grosse
483:Justice Kevin Feehan
354:, and the judges and
321:justices are sitting
247:Calgary Courts Centre
238:inherent jurisdiction
222:, but also under the
170:, subordinate to the
67:Calgary Courts Centre
3331:Prince Edward Island
3220:Prince Edward Island
3142:Prince Edward Island
3066:Prince Edward Island
2998:Court Martial Appeal
2953:Court of last resort
2749:on February 15, 2010
2591:www.albertasource.ca
2441:on September 5, 2008
2375:on September 5, 2008
2349:on September 5, 2008
2194:www.albertasource.ca
1985:on November 11, 2003
1796:on November 17, 2009
1625:on December 5, 2007.
1480:on December 5, 2007.
1351:, RSA 2000, c. C-30
1311:, RSA 2000, c. E-10
1294:Legal Profession Act
1227:needs more complete
1076:James Duncan Hyndman
1070:Albert Freeman Ewing
1034:Charles Allan Stuart
741:Justice Jack Watson
559:Justice Jane Fagnan
521:Justice Anne Kirker
502:Justice Bernette Ho
220:Legal Profession Act
2467:on December 4, 2008
1959:on October 17, 2009
1749:on October 28, 2016
1723:on January 13, 2010
1348:Court of Appeal Act
1297:, RSA 2000, c. L-8
1088:Alfred Henry Clarke
986:John Wesley McClung
901:Arthur Lewis Sifton
695:
616:Justice Kevin Feth
378:
297:Court of Appeal Act
208:Lieutenant Governor
186:, Canada. It hears
95:Number of positions
86:Court of Appeal Act
2717:on August 11, 2008
2607:Lords of the North
1919:on January 1, 2011
1064:William Legh Walsh
962:Ronald Leon Berger
931:Sidney Bruce Smith
693:
376:
318:federal government
3409:
3408:
3400:Canada portal
3243:
3242:
2866:978-0-88864-493-0
2843:978-0-9681939-5-2
2819:978-0-9681939-0-7
2527:Missing or empty
2232:on April 2, 2008.
2152:on April 24, 2013
2045:Missing or empty
1875:"Order of Canada"
1662:www.justice.gc.ca
1638:Missing or empty
1593:www.justice.gc.ca
1517:www.justice.gc.ca
1493:Missing or empty
1448:www.justice.gc.ca
1268:
1267:
1260:
1013:John "Jack" Major
968:Sheilah L. Martin
913:David Lynch Scott
892:
891:
691:
690:
148:
147:
16:(Redirected from
3444:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3383:
3382:
3301:British Columbia
3270:
3263:
3256:
3247:
3175:British Columbia
3097:British Columbia
3021:British Columbia
2946:Courts of Canada
2939:
2932:
2925:
2916:
2891:
2886:
2885:
2883:Official website
2870:
2858:
2847:
2835:
2823:
2811:
2791:
2790:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2766:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2748:
2742:. Archived from
2741:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2713:. Archived from
2707:
2701:
2700:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2638:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2570:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2553:on July 25, 2011
2549:. Archived from
2543:
2537:
2536:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2515:
2513:
2507:. Archived from
2501:
2495:
2494:
2487:"LG - 404 Error"
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2463:. Archived from
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2437:. Archived from
2431:
2425:
2424:
2418:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2397:. Archived from
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2371:. Archived from
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2345:. Archived from
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2319:. Archived from
2313:
2307:
2306:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2273:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2256:on June 11, 2011
2255:
2249:. Archived from
2248:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2228:. Archived from
2222:
2216:
2215:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2148:. Archived from
2142:
2136:
2135:
2128:
2126:
2118:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2094:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2077:on July 27, 2011
2076:
2070:. Archived from
2069:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2048:
2043:
2041:
2033:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1981:. Archived from
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1955:. Archived from
1949:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1918:
1912:. Archived from
1911:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1882:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1854:on June 19, 2009
1850:. Archived from
1844:
1838:
1837:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1813:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1795:
1789:. Archived from
1788:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1745:. Archived from
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1719:. Archived from
1713:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1690:. Archived from
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1668:on June 14, 2011
1664:. Archived from
1654:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1626:
1621:. Archived from
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1599:on June 14, 2011
1595:. Archived from
1585:
1579:
1578:
1572:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1555:on July 27, 2011
1554:
1548:. Archived from
1547:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1523:on June 14, 2011
1519:. Archived from
1509:
1503:
1502:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1476:. Archived from
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1454:on June 14, 2011
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1420:. Archived from
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1394:on June 27, 2007
1390:. Archived from
1388:www.nwtcourts.ca
1380:
1374:
1373:
1361:
1352:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1326:Albertacourts.ca
1318:
1312:
1304:
1298:
1290:
1284:
1276:
1263:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1220:
1219:
1212:
949:Catherine Fraser
696:
379:
359:
346:Justices of the
326:
314:Section 96 court
283:
129:
124:
122:/court-of-appeal
121:
119:
107:
32:
21:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3394:
3392:
3371:
3345:
3284:
3274:
3244:
3239:
3161:
3085:
3007:
2971:
2948:
2943:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2867:
2850:
2844:
2833:
2826:
2820:
2803:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2759:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2737:"Archived copy"
2735:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2563:
2556:
2554:
2547:"Archived copy"
2545:
2544:
2540:
2526:
2516:
2511:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2411:
2404:
2402:
2401:on July 6, 2011
2395:"Archived copy"
2393:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2323:on July 6, 2011
2315:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2266:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2244:"Archived copy"
2242:
2241:
2237:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2119:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2087:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2065:"Archived copy"
2063:
2062:
2058:
2044:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1929:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1907:"Archived copy"
1905:
1904:
1900:
1883:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1784:"Archived copy"
1782:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1697:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1637:
1627:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1565:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1543:"Archived copy"
1541:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1424:on May 23, 2009
1418:www.ucalgary.ca
1412:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1273:
1264:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1237:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1193:
958:
956:Previous judges
925:Clinton J. Ford
897:
818:(1983 to 2013)
813:
770:
742:
717:
409:
374:
344:
305:
271:
212:Alberta Cabinet
180:
116:
90:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3450:
3448:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3422:Alberta courts
3414:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3389:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3250:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3017:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3003:Courts Martial
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2976:Federal courts
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2903:
2897:
2892:
2876:
2875:External links
2873:
2872:
2871:
2865:
2848:
2842:
2824:
2818:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2774:
2728:
2702:
2695:
2677:
2659:
2649:
2623:
2616:
2596:
2578:
2538:
2496:
2478:
2452:
2426:
2386:
2360:
2334:
2308:
2301:
2281:
2235:
2217:
2199:
2181:
2163:
2137:
2102:
2056:
2021:
1996:
1970:
1944:
1898:
1865:
1839:
1821:
1775:
1760:
1734:
1705:
1679:
1649:
1610:
1580:
1534:
1504:
1465:
1435:
1405:
1375:
1353:
1339:
1313:
1299:
1285:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1224:
1222:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1010:
1007:Jean E.L. CΓ΄tΓ©
1004:
1001:
998:
989:
983:
974:
965:
957:
954:
953:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
910:
904:
896:
893:
890:
889:
884:
881:
878:
875:
867:
866:
861:
858:
855:
852:
844:
843:
838:
835:
832:
829:
821:
820:
808:
805:
802:
799:
791:
790:
785:
782:
779:
776:
763:
762:
757:
754:
751:
748:
738:
737:
732:
729:
726:
723:
713:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
689:
688:
683:
680:
677:
674:
670:
669:
664:
661:
658:
655:
651:
650:
645:
642:
639:
636:
632:
631:
626:
623:
620:
617:
613:
612:
607:
604:
601:
598:
594:
593:
588:
585:
582:
579:
575:
574:
569:
566:
563:
560:
556:
555:
550:
547:
544:
541:
537:
536:
531:
528:
525:
522:
518:
517:
512:
509:
506:
503:
499:
498:
493:
490:
487:
484:
480:
479:
474:
471:
468:
465:
461:
460:
455:
452:
449:
446:
442:
441:
433:
430:
427:
424:
420:
419:
414:
411:
406:
403:
399:Chief Justice
396:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
373:
372:Current judges
370:
360:judges of the
343:
340:
304:
301:
293:Judicature Act
270:
267:
179:
176:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
131:
130:
114:
110:
109:
96:
92:
91:
89:
88:
83:
81:Judicature Act
77:
75:
71:
70:
60:
56:
55:
49:
45:
44:
41:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3449:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3402:
3401:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3311:New Brunswick
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3259:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3210:New Brunswick
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3132:New Brunswick
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3056:New Brunswick
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2988:Federal Court
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2940:
2935:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2884:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2832:
2831:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2770:
2764:
2745:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2650:9780888640253
2646:
2642:
2637:
2636:
2627:
2624:
2619:
2617:9781896182711
2613:
2609:
2608:
2600:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2534:
2521:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2471:September 28,
2466:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2445:September 28,
2440:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2379:September 28,
2374:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2353:September 28,
2348:
2344:
2338:
2335:
2327:September 27,
2322:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2304:
2302:9780802089076
2298:
2294:
2293:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2252:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2073:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2052:
2039:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1963:September 28,
1958:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1915:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1880:
1879:archive.gg.ca
1876:
1869:
1866:
1858:September 24,
1853:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1800:September 24,
1792:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1771:
1764:
1761:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1672:September 27,
1667:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1603:September 27,
1598:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1559:September 28,
1551:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1527:September 28,
1522:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1458:September 27,
1453:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1398:September 23,
1393:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1370:www.fja.gc.ca
1367:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1262:
1259:
1251:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1225:This article
1223:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
997:
993:
992:Russell Brown
990:
987:
984:
982:
978:
975:
973:
969:
966:
963:
960:
959:
955:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
907:Horace Harvey
905:
902:
899:
898:
894:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
872:Supernumerary
869:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
849:Supernumerary
846:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
826:Supernumerary
823:
822:
819:
817:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
796:Supernumerary
793:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
773:Supernumerary
769:
765:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
745:Supernumerary
740:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
720:Supernumerary
715:
714:
710:
708:Nominated by
707:
704:
702:Stationed in
701:
698:
697:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
421:
418:
415:
412:
407:
404:
402:
398:
397:
393:
391:Nominated by
390:
387:
384:
381:
380:
371:
369:
367:
363:
358:
353:
349:
341:
339:
337:
336:interlocutory
333:
328:
325:
319:
315:
311:
302:
300:
298:
294:
290:
289:Horace Harvey
285:
282:
276:
268:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
239:
234:
232:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
202:, as well as
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
177:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
144:
141:
137:
134:Chief justice
132:
128:
123:
118:albertacourts
115:
111:
106:
101:
97:
93:
87:
84:
82:
79:
78:
76:
74:Authorized by
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
50:
46:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3391:
3384:
3341:Saskatchewan
3185:Saskatchewan
3107:Saskatchewan
3031:Saskatchewan
3025:
2908:
2854:
2829:
2807:
2786:
2777:
2751:. Retrieved
2744:the original
2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2715:the original
2705:
2686:
2680:
2671:
2662:
2654:
2634:
2626:
2606:
2599:
2590:
2581:
2555:. Retrieved
2551:the original
2541:
2529:|title=
2509:the original
2499:
2490:
2481:
2469:. Retrieved
2465:the original
2455:
2443:. Retrieved
2439:the original
2429:
2403:. Retrieved
2399:the original
2389:
2377:. Retrieved
2373:the original
2363:
2351:. Retrieved
2347:the original
2337:
2325:. Retrieved
2321:the original
2311:
2291:
2284:
2258:. Retrieved
2251:the original
2238:
2230:the original
2220:
2211:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2166:
2154:. Retrieved
2150:the original
2140:
2115:Edmonton Sun
2114:
2111:"(no title)"
2105:
2079:. Retrieved
2072:the original
2059:
2047:|title=
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
2008:
1999:
1987:. Retrieved
1983:the original
1973:
1961:. Retrieved
1957:the original
1947:
1921:. Retrieved
1914:the original
1901:
1878:
1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1852:the original
1842:
1833:
1824:
1798:. Retrieved
1791:the original
1778:
1763:
1751:. Retrieved
1747:the original
1737:
1725:. Retrieved
1721:the original
1696:. Retrieved
1692:the original
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1666:the original
1661:
1652:
1640:|title=
1623:the original
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1597:the original
1592:
1583:
1557:. Retrieved
1550:the original
1537:
1525:. Retrieved
1521:the original
1516:
1507:
1495:|title=
1478:the original
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:the original
1447:
1438:
1426:. Retrieved
1422:the original
1417:
1408:
1396:. Retrieved
1392:the original
1387:
1378:
1369:
1346:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1325:
1316:
1306:
1302:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1274:
1254:
1245:
1238:Please help
1233:verification
1226:
1022:Anne Russell
814:
438:
401:Ritu Khullar
345:
329:
306:
296:
292:
286:
272:
259:coat of arms
235:
228:
223:
219:
215:
181:
159:
155:
151:
149:
143:Ritu Khullar
85:
80:
65:, Edmonton;
48:Jurisdiction
29:
3350:Territories
3321:Nova Scotia
3215:Nova Scotia
3137:Nova Scotia
3061:Nova Scotia
2753:November 4,
2721:November 4,
2405:November 4,
2156:November 4,
2081:November 4,
2014:January 11,
1923:October 14,
1834:sbs.epsb.ca
1753:October 28,
1727:November 4,
1248:August 2018
1129:(1976β1997)
1096:(1974β1980)
1090:(1921β1942)
1072:(1941β1946)
1066:(1931β1931)
1060:(1931β1940)
1054:(1926β1936)
1048:(1942β1944)
1042:(1997β2000)
1030:(1979β1997)
1024:(1994β2006)
1009:(1987β2015)
988:(1980β2004)
964:(1996-2018)
951:(1992β2022)
945:(1984β1991)
939:(1974β1984)
933:(1961β1974)
927:(1957β1961)
921:(1950β1957)
915:(1921β1924)
903:(1907β1910)
883:J. Trudeau
860:J. Trudeau
837:J. Trudeau
682:J. Trudeau
663:J. Trudeau
644:J. Trudeau
625:J. Trudeau
606:J. Trudeau
587:J. Trudeau
568:J. Trudeau
549:J. Trudeau
530:J. Trudeau
511:J. Trudeau
492:J. Trudeau
473:J. Trudeau
454:J. Trudeau
413:J. Trudeau
385:Sitting in
366:Yellowknife
303:Composition
40:Established
3416:Categories
2696:0802007880
2557:October 9,
2260:October 9,
1698:August 26,
1428:August 26,
1208:References
705:Appointed
410:2022 (CJ)
388:Appointed
357:ex officio
334:, usually
324:ex officio
243:Law Courts
204:references
105:ex officio
102:, who are
63:Law Courts
3289:Provinces
2906:Overview:
2038:cite news
1332:August 5,
1229:citations
1197:Judiciary
831:Edmonton
801:Edmonton
750:Edmonton
676:Edmonton
638:Edmonton
619:Edmonton
562:Edmonton
486:Edmonton
448:Edmonton
426:Edmonton
405:Edmonton
206:from the
190:from the
139:Currently
69:, Calgary
3386:Category
3306:Manitoba
3190:Manitoba
3112:Manitoba
3036:Manitoba
2763:cite web
2567:cite web
2520:cite web
2415:cite web
2270:cite web
2123:cite web
2091:cite web
1989:July 10,
1933:cite web
1887:cite web
1810:cite web
1631:cite web
1569:cite web
1486:cite web
1191:See also
877:Calgary
854:Calgary
778:Calgary
766:Justice
725:Calgary
657:Calgary
600:Calgary
581:Calgary
543:Calgary
524:Calgary
505:Calgary
467:Calgary
332:chambers
245:and the
59:Location
54:, Canada
3362:Nunavut
3326:Ontario
3296:Alberta
3235:Nunavut
3195:Ontario
3180:Alberta
3157:Nunavut
3117:Ontario
3102:Alberta
3081:Nunavut
3041:Ontario
3026:Alberta
2965:History
2798:Sources
807:Harper
784:Harper
756:Harper
731:Martin
432:Harper
312:. As a
281:en banc
269:History
255:Ontario
188:appeals
184:Alberta
168:Alberta
162:) is a
113:Website
52:Alberta
3336:Quebec
3200:Quebec
3122:Quebec
3046:Quebec
2863:
2840:
2816:
2693:
2647:
2614:
2299:
218:, the
198:, and
194:, the
3367:Yukon
3225:Yukon
3147:Yukon
3071:Yukon
2834:(PDF)
2747:(PDF)
2740:(PDF)
2512:(PDF)
2254:(PDF)
2247:(PDF)
2075:(PDF)
2068:(PDF)
1917:(PDF)
1910:(PDF)
1794:(PDF)
1787:(PDF)
1553:(PDF)
1546:(PDF)
880:2018
857:2016
834:2016
804:2014
781:2007
753:2006
728:2005
699:Name
679:2024
660:2024
641:2024
622:2023
603:2023
584:2023
565:2023
546:2023
527:2021
508:2021
489:2019
470:2018
451:2018
429:2006
408:2018
382:Name
3279:(by
2861:ISBN
2838:ISBN
2814:ISBN
2769:link
2755:2009
2723:2009
2691:ISBN
2645:ISBN
2612:ISBN
2573:link
2559:2009
2533:help
2473:2009
2447:2009
2421:link
2407:2009
2381:2009
2355:2009
2329:2009
2297:ISBN
2276:link
2262:2009
2158:2009
2132:help
2097:link
2083:2009
2051:help
2016:2021
1991:2019
1965:2009
1939:link
1925:2009
1893:link
1860:2009
1816:link
1802:2009
1755:2016
1729:2009
1700:2017
1674:2009
1644:help
1605:2009
1575:link
1561:2009
1529:2009
1499:help
1460:2009
1430:2017
1400:2009
1334:2018
1231:for
253:and
160:ABCA
150:The
43:1921
2993:Tax
2641:363
158:or
120:.ca
3418::
2785:.
2765:}}
2761:{{
2670:.
2653:.
2643:.
2589:.
2569:}}
2565:{{
2524::
2522:}}
2518:{{
2489:.
2417:}}
2413:{{
2272:}}
2268:{{
2210:.
2192:.
2174:.
2127::
2125:}}
2121:{{
2113:.
2093:}}
2089:{{
2042::
2040:}}
2036:{{
2007:.
1935:}}
1931:{{
1889:}}
1885:{{
1877:.
1832:.
1812:}}
1808:{{
1708:^
1660:.
1635::
1633:}}
1629:{{
1591:.
1571:}}
1567:{{
1515:.
1490::
1488:}}
1484:{{
1446:.
1416:.
1386:.
1368:.
1356:^
1324:.
874:)
851:)
828:)
798:)
775:)
747:)
722:)
265:.
226:.
174:.
3283:)
3269:e
3262:t
3255:v
2938:e
2931:t
2924:v
2869:.
2846:.
2822:.
2789:.
2771:)
2757:.
2725:.
2699:.
2674:.
2620:.
2593:.
2575:)
2561:.
2535:)
2531:(
2493:.
2475:.
2449:.
2423:)
2409:.
2383:.
2357:.
2331:.
2305:.
2278:)
2264:.
2214:.
2196:.
2178:.
2160:.
2134:)
2117:.
2099:)
2085:.
2053:)
2049:(
2032:.
2018:.
1993:.
1967:.
1941:)
1927:.
1895:)
1881:.
1862:.
1836:.
1818:)
1804:.
1757:.
1731:.
1702:.
1676:.
1646:)
1642:(
1607:.
1577:)
1563:.
1531:.
1501:)
1497:(
1462:.
1432:.
1402:.
1372:.
1336:.
1261:)
1255:(
1250:)
1246:(
1236:.
771:(
743:(
718:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.