408:
185:
479:
127:
258:(second or under-deputy). It is possible that the Topkapı deck, a custom made luxury item used for display, does not represent the cards played by commoners. There are fragments of what may be Mamluk court cards from cheaper decks showing human figures which may explain why seated kings and mounted men appear in both Indo-Persian and European cards. Both Mamluk and modern European decks include three face cards per suit, or twelve face cards in a deck of four suits.
262:
392:
216:
207:
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54:
45:
36:
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123:. After the American innovation of corner-indices, the idea of "pictured" cards from tarot trumps was used to replace all 52 cards from the standard deck with pictures, art, or photography in some souvenir packs featuring a wide variety of subjects (animals, scenary, cartoons, pin-ups, vehicles, etc.) that may garner interest with collectors.
356:
deck had the most court cards with six ranks: king, queen, knight, mounted lady, knave, and damsel or maid for a total of 24. It is unlikely that the Cary-Yale deck was designed for a game in mind as it was an expensive wedding gift and was probably never played. Standing kings are a
Spanish
490:
packs in use, with five colored suits, each suit having one court card and four numeral cards. The pack developed into having an ace and four court cards (Shah (شاه, King), Bibi (بیبی, Lady), Serbaz (سرباز, Soldier), and Lakat (لکات, Dancer)) per suit. In 1877,
361:
498:
Throughout most of their history, face cards were not reversible. Players may accidentally reveal that they hold a face card if they flip them right-side up. During the 18th century,
348:, also added queens and various subjects that would triumph over the other cards for the trick-taking games they were used for. These subjects would later become their own dedicated
506:
decks became the first to be reversible. The trend towards double-headed cards continued throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Some patterns resisted the innovation, most notably
313:. As marshals were cavalry commanders, both ranks may have been mounted unlike their modern counterparts. Less popular decks included ones in which two kings were replaced with
416:
1870:
317:, all the kings replaced by queens, queens and maids added so as to make 15 cards per suit, and 5 or 6 suited decks with only the kings and two marshal ranks.
1860:
1865:
1909:
2155:
1063:
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1808:
448:, which were separated into their own rank. Additionally, two more face cards were added: Un and Sun. This results in six face cards per suit.
380:" (cards) and renamed them to "fuda." The face cards became increasingly abstract and near indistinguishable since face cards have no value in
407:
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decks have four face cards per suit. Their order is Knave, Knight, Queen, and King for a total of 16 face cards. Figures appearing on tarot
2286:
2250:
1411:
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1002:
463:. The cards became popular throughout India where most variants follow the two court cards system, with few exceptions like the obscure
238:
were popular. When playing cards arrived in Iran, the
Persians created the first face cards. The best preserved deck is located in the
1846:
1706:
1534:
669:, they are not normally considered face cards. The earliest Jokers, known as Best Bowers, did not depict people until the late 1860s.
1626:
184:
269:
The third court card may have had a special role to play since the
Spanish, French, and Italians called the newly introduced cards
388:
deck. Modern kabufuda is able to utilize a double-headed design influenced by western cards since the ban is no longer in effect.
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602:(King, wearing a crown). Italian suited kings are seated while Spanish suited kings stand. A few Spanish suited patterns and
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1994:
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means "under". In 15th-century France, the knight was dropped in favour of the queen. The 15th-century
Italian game of
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In the standard packs of non-English speaking regions, the face or court cards may be different. For example, in
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playing cards which describes a 96-card, 8-suited pack, and features two court cards per suit: the king and the
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In the 1540s, Portuguese traders brought their
Spanish-influenced playing cards to Japan. In 1633, however, the
1803:
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who wrote it. With 100 poems, this results in 100 face cards. Unsun karuta feature the face cards derived from
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do not have a concept of court cards, though two entire suits featured faces for a period of time when
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There are two
Japanese playing card decks that did not face the same restrictions as kabufuda:
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poems. Half the deck is called yomifuda ("reading cards") and often feature a portrait of the
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respectively as opposed to their Arabic name of
Kanjifah. In a 1377 description of cards by
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wrote that these cards were 'gradually falling into disuse, being replaced by
European.'
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before 1390, perhaps to make them more visually distinguishable. The
Spanish rank of
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policy. To get around the ban, Japanese manufacturers radically redesigned their "
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444:: female knaves, knights, and kings. Portuguese cards featured dragons on their
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91:, is generally used to describe a card that depicts a person as opposed to the
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having six court cards: Raja (king) on elephant or throne, Rajni (queen) in a
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so it became Knave or "Jack", Queen, and King. French suited Kings stand.
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432:. Uta-garuta was found to be of literary merit as the cards all feature
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834:. New York, USA: Scribner, Welford & Armstrong. p. 41.
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playing cards have two face cards per suit: the king and the
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While modern decks of playing cards may contain one or more
606:
replace male knaves with female counterparts. The specific
62:
Three court cards (face cards) from an
English pattern pack
265:
King, Ober, and Under of Acorns from a Swiss deck (1880)
486:
In 17th century Persia, there were accounts of 25-card
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typically depict an officer or overlord, known as the
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is also common, but that term sometimes includes the
157:, the Cavalier is a fourth court card. By contrast,
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68:"Court card" redirects here. For the postcard, see
529:Current playing cards are structured as follows:
817:. Westport, CT, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group.
451:The 'Rubaiyat-e-Ganjifa' poem (circa 1535) by
1871:Worshipful Company of Makers of Playing Cards
857:
8:
801:Johannes of Rheinfelden, 1377 at trionfi.com
289:. Each suit contained a seated king and two
230:While playing cards were invented in China,
594:or Cavalier, a man sitting on a horse) and
510:where full figured courts remain dominant.
357:innovation which was copied by the French.
130:A 'picture card' that is not a 'face card.'
2110:
1890:
1866:Saga Arashiyama Museum of Arts and Culture
1781:
1439:
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887:
864:
850:
842:
781:
779:
165:, and a sergeant or peasant known as the
715:. The International Playing-Card Society
695:Transactions of the Philological Society
2156:The Card Sharp with the Ace of Diamonds
786:Dummett, Michael; Mann, Sylvia (1980).
760:at Manteia. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
678:
172:Until the early 20th century, the term
1809:International Skat Players Association
773:at old.no. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
1910:Blackstone's Card Trick Without Cards
815:Sports and Games of Medieval Cultures
610:deck has three additional ranks: the
540:have three male face cards per suit,
455:is the earliest Persian reference to
7:
790:. London: Duckworth. pp. 10–64.
643:are not considered to be face cards.
372:banned these cards as part of their
2191:Violin and Playing Cards on a Table
188:Persian Ganjifeh courts with an ace
1861:Musée Français de la Carte à Jouer
1847:International Playing-Card Society
1535:United States Playing Card Company
628:replaced the middle male with the
25:
471:, Amatya or Mantri (vizier) in a
1832:Fournier Museum of Playing Cards
1827:Cary Collection of Playing Cards
828:Murdoch Smith, Major R. (1877).
546:(a lower-class man or soldier),
406:
214:
205:
196:
87:(British and US), and sometimes
52:
43:
34:
2149:Card Players in a Rich Interior
442:Portuguese-suited playing cards
27:Playing card depicting a person
661:depicting a person, such as a
344:, which later became known as
328:were replaced by the standing
224:Mamluk Kanjifah courts of cups
1:
2050:The Phantom of the Card Table
1837:German Doppelkopf Association
1505:Nürnberger-Spielkarten-Verlag
803:. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
740:. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
254:(viceroy or deputy king) and
2269:Patience and solitaire games
2163:Cardplayers in a Sunlit Room
1995:The Expert at the Card Table
552:(a higher ranking man), and
2287:Tarot and Tarock card games
2251:Non trick-taking card games
1732:Richard Valentine Pitchford
1702:Master of the Playing Cards
582:, a younger man standing),
2339:
1842:German Playing Card Museum
709:"History of Playing-Cards"
604:Portuguese suited patterns
382:games in the "kabu" family
67:
2236:
419:Unsun karuta face cards.
1804:International Skat Court
1794:British Skat Association
320:In Italy and Spain, the
2260:Trick-taking card games
1799:German Skat Association
1577:Bielefelder Spielkarten
813:Wilkins, Sally (2002).
734:Origin of playing cards
150:instead of a Queen. In
2184:Still Life with a Poem
1387:Guru (circular whirls)
691:"On False Etymologies"
526:
483:
399:
365:
266:
189:
131:
103:, these cards are the
2323:Card game terminology
2242:Historical card games
2223:Play Your Cards Right
1940:Twenty-One Card Trick
1915:The Circus Card Trick
1677:Johann Kaspar Hechtel
1003:Archaeology awareness
997:Ambraser Hofjagdspiel
568:Spanish playing cards
521:
481:
394:
363:
264:
232:Chinese playing cards
187:
129:
97:standard 52-card pack
70:Court card (postcard)
2006:History of cardistry
1490:J.O. Öberg & Son
1013:Flemish Hunting Deck
626:French playing cards
522:Face cards from the
508:Spanish-suited decks
493:Robert Murdoch Smith
364:Modern Kabufuda Jack
305:ranks in modern-day
140:Spanish-suited packs
2200:Film and television
2142:The Card Players II
1900:The Acme of Control
687:Wedgwood, Hensleigh
538:Swiss playing cards
465:Mysore Chad Ganjifa
311:Swiss playing cards
283:John of Rheinfelden
159:German-suited packs
2177:Dogs Playing Poker
1742:Johann Georg Rauch
1530:U.S. Games Systems
892:Playing card suits
756:2015-04-26 at the
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484:
400:
370:Tokugawa shogunate
366:
267:
236:Water Margin cards
190:
132:
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2232:
2231:
2083:Si Stebbins stack
1947:
1946:
1925:Out of This World
1920:The Four Burglars
1881:Card manipulation
1817:
1816:
1767:Fusajiro Yamauchi
1727:Ferdinand Piatnik
1610:
1609:
1429:
1428:
1156:Portuguese-suited
1058:
1057:
1035:Most-wanted Iraqi
1018:Hamas most wanted
975:Curse of Scotland
788:The Game of Tarot
635:French and Latin
504:Tarocco Bolognese
176:was also common.
16:(Redirected from
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2128:The Bezique Game
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2093:Three-card monte
1972:Cards in the hat
1891:
1853:The Playing-Card
1782:
1717:Samuel J. Murray
1657:Thierry Depaulis
1440:
1324:German and Swiss
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1086:Four-colour pack
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332:and the mounted
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155:Tarot card packs
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1752:Howard Thurston
1672:Richard Harding
1606:
1587:Charles Goodall
1560:
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1450:ASS Altenburger
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1422:Tens of Myriads
1412:Strings of Cash
1399:Chinese (Money)
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963:Queen of spades
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758:Wayback Machine
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1050:Transformation
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1030:Jerry's Nugget
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989:Specific decks
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240:Topkapı Palace
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2216:
2215:Playing Cards
2212:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2164:
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2132:
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2112:
2109:
2107:Art and media
2105:
2099:
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2077:
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2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:Herrmann pass
1999:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:Cardistry-Con
1977:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1967:Card throwing
1965:
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1958:
1955:
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1949:
1941:
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1911:
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1825:
1823:
1822:52 Plus Joker
1820:
1819:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1778:organisations
1774:
1768:
1765:
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1760:
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1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
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1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1722:David Parlett
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1667:Lennart Green
1665:
1663:
1662:S. W. Erdnase
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
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1635:
1633:
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1613:
1603:
1600:
1598:
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1546:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1510:Oishi Tengudo
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:France Cartes
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:Manufacturers
1441:
1438:
1434:Manufacturers
1432:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1388:
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1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
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1329:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1316:
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1305:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1257:Stripped deck
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1187:
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1176:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1164:
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1142:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1105:
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1100:
1096:
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1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
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1076:
1072:
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1061:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1024:Hofämterspiel
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
998:
994:
993:
991:
987:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
964:
961:
960:
959:
956:
954:
951:
947:
946:Ace of hearts
944:
942:
941:Ace of spades
939:
938:
937:
934:
933:
931:
927:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
900:
897:
893:
889:
886:
884:
878:
874:
873:Playing cards
867:
862:
860:
855:
853:
848:
847:
844:
833:
832:
824:
821:
816:
809:
806:
802:
797:
794:
789:
782:
780:
776:
772:
769:Gjerde, Tor.
766:
763:
759:
755:
752:
746:
743:
739:
735:
730:
727:
714:
710:
704:
701:
696:
692:
688:
682:
679:
672:
670:
668:
664:
660:
652:
648:
645:
642:
638:
634:
631:
627:
624:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
562:
559:
555:
551:
550:
545:
544:
539:
535:
532:
531:
530:
525:
524:Tarot Nouveau
520:
513:
511:
509:
505:
501:
496:
494:
489:
480:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
417:
409:
398:on a yomifuda
397:
396:Emperor Tenji
393:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
362:
358:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
303:
298:
297:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
263:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
217:
208:
199:
186:
179:
177:
175:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
153:
152:French-suited
149:
145:
141:
137:
128:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
77:playing cards
75:In a deck of
71:
55:
46:
37:
19:
2299:}}
2296:Occult tarot
2293:{{
2290:}}
2284:{{
2281:}}
2275:{{
2272:}}
2266:{{
2263:}}
2257:{{
2254:}}
2248:{{
2245:}}
2239:{{
2221:
2213:
2206:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2121:The Acrobats
2119:
2048:
2016:One-way deck
1993:
1957:Card marking
1935:Spelling Bee
1851:
1747:Juan Tamariz
1652:Dan and Dave
1642:Derren Brown
1637:David Blaine
1572:Aspioti-ELKA
1520:Ravensburger
1237:
1205:
1177:
1170:
1143:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1097:
1090:
1073:
1022:
995:
883:52-card deck
830:
823:
814:
808:
796:
787:
771:Mamluk cards
765:
745:
729:
719:September 7,
717:. Retrieved
712:
703:
694:
681:
656:
619:
615:
611:
608:Unsun karuta
599:
595:
587:
583:
575:
571:
553:
547:
541:
528:
497:
485:
482:As-Nas cards
453:Ahli Shirazi
450:
430:Unsun karuta
423:
367:
337:
325:
321:
319:
300:
294:
287:52-card deck
278:
274:
270:
268:
255:
251:
247:
229:
173:
171:
133:
117:picture card
116:
88:
84:
80:
74:
2208:Card Sharks
2098:Trick decks
1989:Double lift
1930:Rising Card
1712:Anton Moser
1707:John McLeod
1692:René Lavand
1647:Lewis Cohen
1627:Hubert Auer
1602:Waddingtons
1597:Lewis Cohen
1480:F.X. Schmid
1276:Other suits
1064:Other packs
1040:Politicards
831:Persian Art
749:Jensen, K.
713:i-p-c-s.org
543:Unter/Under
256:thānī nā'ib
252:nā'ib malik
242:. To avoid
142:there is a
115:. The term
79:, the term
18:Court cards
2312:Categories
2088:Spoke card
2037:mechanic's
2032:magician's
2023:and grips
1962:Card sharp
1776:Groups and
1762:Dai Vernon
1632:Bryan Berg
1455:Cartamundi
1436:and brands
1419:of Strings
1355:Portuguese
1206:Court card
1166:Tarot pack
1136:uta-garuta
673:References
618:, and the
556:(a seated
426:Uta-garuta
350:trump suit
85:court card
2114:Paintings
2071:Gilbreath
2061:Shuffling
2027:gambler's
1886:cardistry
1682:Ricky Jay
1622:Lee Asher
1582:C.L. Wüst
1465:Dal Negro
1383:Japanese
1252:Nicknames
1066:and decks
980:Beer card
881:Standard
570:have the
469:palanquin
354:Cary-Yale
174:coat card
93:pip cards
81:face card
1697:Ed Marlo
1500:Nintendo
1470:Fournier
1228:Pip card
1145:Kvitlech
1129:kabufuda
1115:hanafuda
1008:Charruan
915:Diamonds
754:Archived
697:(6): 71.
689:(1855).
500:Trappola
386:kabufuda
291:marshals
250:(king),
244:idolatry
148:Cavalier
136:Italian-
83:(US) or
1984:Cutting
1592:Dondorf
1565:Defunct
1556:Grimaud
1551:Bicycle
1515:Piatnik
1495:Modiano
1417:Myriads
1351:Spanish
1347:Italian
1345:Latin (
1310:Shields
1267:Unicode
1161:Russian
1099:ganjapa
1092:Ganjifa
1081:Chinese
647:Ganjifa
588:Caballo
584:Cavallo
564:Italian
457:Ganjifa
342:trionfi
180:History
99:of the
95:. In a
89:royalty
2218:(1896)
2076:Zarrow
2042:Tenkai
1894:Tricks
1544:Brands
1485:Gemaco
1379:Swords
1374:Batons
1331:Acorns
1292:Leaves
1284:German
1211:knight
1196:Banner
1179:Zi pai
1172:Tujeon
1151:Polish
1108:Karuta
1075:As-Nas
910:Hearts
905:Spades
896:French
663:jester
659:Jokers
651:vizier
641:trumps
620:Dragon
614:, the
592:Knight
534:German
488:As-Nas
461:vizier
378:karuta
374:Sakoku
334:Knight
315:queens
307:German
277:, and
275:nahipi
144:Knight
2278:Poker
2021:Palms
1525:Trefl
1460:Copag
1369:Coins
1336:Bells
1315:Roses
1302:Swiss
1262:Talon
1247:Joker
1233:deuce
1221:Unter
1201:Blank
1189:Cards
958:Queen
929:Ranks
920:Clubs
738:Copag
667:clown
637:tarot
630:Queen
616:"Sun"
580:Knave
572:Fante
554:König
514:Cards
473:ratha
346:tarot
330:Knave
322:Unter
302:Unter
279:naibi
271:naipe
248:malik
167:Unter
111:and
109:Queen
2066:faro
1884:and
1786:Skat
1407:Cash
1364:Cups
1239:Weli
1216:Ober
970:Jack
953:King
721:2024
612:"Un"
576:Sota
566:and
558:King
549:Ober
536:and
502:and
446:aces
438:poet
434:waka
428:and
338:Sota
326:Ober
324:and
309:and
299:and
296:Ober
163:Ober
138:and
121:Aces
113:Jack
105:King
936:Ace
736:by
665:or
600:Rey
598:or
586:or
574:or
146:or
2314::
778:^
711:.
693:.
596:Re
560:).
273:,
169:.
107:,
1357:)
1353:/
1349:/
898:)
894:(
865:e
858:t
851:v
723:.
653:.
622:.
590:(
578:(
72:.
20:)
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