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2299:; their consanguinity is one-eighth. For each additional removal of the cousin relationship, consanguinity is reduced by half, as the generations of separation increase by one. For each additional degree of the cousin relationship, consanguinity is reduced by a quarter as the generations of separation increase by one on both sides.
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of ordinary cousins as they have half the common ancestors (i.e. one vs two). Double cousins have twice the consanguinity of ordinary cousins as they have twice the number of common ancestors (i.e. four vs two). Double first cousins share the same consanguinity as half-siblings. Likewise, double half
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A maternal cousin is a cousin that is related to the mother's side of the family, while a paternal cousin is a cousin that is related to the father's side of the family. This relationship is not necessarily reciprocal, as the maternal cousin of one person could be the paternal cousin of the other. In
939:
is the number of generations subsequent to the common ancestor before a parent of one of the cousins is found. This means the degree is the separation of the cousin from the common ancestor less one. Also, if the cousins are not separated from the common ancestor by the same number of generations,
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Degree measures how distant the relationship is from the most recent common ancestor(s). If the cousins do not come from the same generation, removal is specified, as removal measures the difference in generations between the two cousins. When the removal is not specified, no removal is assumed.
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are reciprocal relationships. Parallel cousins are descended from same-sex siblings. A parallel first cousin relationship exists when both the subject and relative are maternal cousins, or both are paternal cousins. Cross cousins are descendants from opposite-sex siblings. A cross first cousin
1425:
are sometimes used to describe the direction of the removal of the relationship, especially in
Mennonite, Indian, and Pakistani families. These terms relate to a first cousin once removed, uncle/aunt referring to an older generation and niece/nephew for younger ones. For additional removals
2218:. Below, when discussing the coefficient of relationship, we assume the subject and the relative are related only through the kinship term. A coefficient of one represents the relationship one has with oneself. Consanguinity decreases by half for every generation of separation from the
2370:, more than half of all marriages are between first or second cousins (in some of the countries in this region, this may exceed 70%). Just outside this region, it is often legal but infrequent. Many cultures have encouraged specifically cross-cousin marriages. In other places, it is
2362:. Anthropologists believe it is used as a tool to strengthen the family, conserve its wealth, protect its cultural heritage, and retain the power structure of the family and its place in the community. Some groups encourage cousin marriage while others attach a strong
1957:
Half cousins are descended from half siblings and would share one grandparent. The children of two half siblings are first half cousins. If half siblings have children with another pair of half siblings, the resulting children would be double half first cousins.
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grand/great are applied to these relationships. For example, a cousin-granduncle is a male first cousin twice removed that comes from an older generation, and a cousin-grandniece is a female first cousin twice removed who comes from a younger generation.
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cousins share the same consanguinity as first cousins as they both have two common ancestors. If there are half-siblings on one side and full siblings on the other, they would have three-halves the consanguinity of ordinary first cousins.
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Step-cousins are either stepchildren of an individual's aunt or uncle, nieces and nephews of one's step-parent, or the children of one's parent's step-sibling. A cousin-in-law is the cousin of one's spouse or the spouse of one's cousin.
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Edwin and
Frances are double first cousins because they share both sets of grandparents as they are cousins through both parents. They are cousins through the siblings Claudette and Alfred as well as the siblings Henry and Dorothy.
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is the difference between the number of generations from each cousin to the common ancestor. Two people can be removed but be around the same age due to differences in birth dates of parents, children, and other relevant ancestors.
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Various governmental entities have established systems for legal use that can precisely specify kinship with common ancestors any number of generations in the past; for example, in medicine and in law, a first cousin is a type of
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People are related with a type of cousin relationship if they share a common ancestor, and are separated from their most recent common ancestor by two or more generations. This means neither person is an
1762:, respectively, reproduce with different siblings from another family. This may also be referred to as "cousins on both sides". The resulting children are related to each other through both their
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Date: September 27, 2012. Source: Tiong Tan, Clinical
Geneticist at Victorian Clinical Genetics Services and Researcher in Craniofacial Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute.
2310:
In a scenario where two monozygotic (identical) twins have children with another pair of monozygotic twins, the resulting double cousins would test as genetically similar as siblings.
2322:, it will not reveal itself unless both father and mother share it. Due to the risk that the trait is harmful, children of high-consanguinity parents have an increased risk of
2222:, as there are two parents for each child. When there is more than one common ancestor, the consanguinity between each ancestor is added together to get the final result.
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While there is no agreed upon term, it is possible for cousins to share three grandparents if a pair of half siblings had children with a pair of full siblings.
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Cousin marriage is important in several anthropological theories, which often differentiate between matriarchal and patriarchal parallel and cross cousins.
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Couples that are closely related have an increased chance of sharing genes, including mutations that occurred in their family tree. If the mutation is a
896:
2819:
Helgason, A; Pálsson, S; Gudbjartsson, DF; Kristjánsson, T; Stefánsson, K (2008). "An association between the kinship and fertility of human couples".
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1951:
David and
Penelope are half cousins because they share only one grandparent (Alice) because they are related through half-siblings (Anne and Robert).
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David and Mary are step-cousins because David's uncle (Charles) is now Mary's stepfather, Mary's mother (Karen) having married
Charles.
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Currently about 10% and historically as high as 80% of all marriages are between first or second cousins. Cousin marriages are often
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Closely related couples have more children. Couples related with consanguinity equivalent to that of third cousins have the greatest
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away from their most recent common ancestor. For this definition degrees and removals are used to further specify the relationship.
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Between first cousins, there are two shared ancestors each with four generations of separation, up and down the family tree:
1391:(the cousins are of order one and two respectively; therefore, the difference in generations to the common ancestor is one).
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is sometimes used for the grandchild of a first cousin, or the first cousin of a grandparent: a first cousin twice removed.
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They seemed to treasure genetic relations in a way I had not encountered before, using such relational designations as "
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The relationship between every solid shaded box and a similar one on the other branch of the tree is that of a cousin.
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relationship exists when the subject and the relative are maternal cousin and paternal cousin to each other. In the
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2337:. This seems counterintuitive as closely related parents have a higher probability of having offspring that are
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The rules are the same for cousins-in-law, except they exist between shaded solid lines and shaded dotted lines.
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24:
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Double cousins are relatives who are cousins from two different branches of the family tree. This occurs when
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565:
59:
17:
2941:
Bittles, Alan H. (September 1994). "The Role and
Significance of Consanguinity as a Demographic Variable".
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2341:, yet closer kinship can also decrease the likelihood of immunological incompatibility during pregnancy.
97:
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Consanguinity is a measure of how closely individuals are related to each other. It is measured by the
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3100:""It's Ok, We're Not Cousins by Blood": The Cousin Marriage Controversy in Historical Perspective"
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is a relative that is the child of a parent's sibling; this is more specifically referred to as a
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682:
612:
2786:"Genetic And Quantitative Aspects Of Genealogy – CALCULATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF RELATIONSHIP"
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Science Daily: Third
Cousins Have Greatest Number Of Offspring, Data From Iceland Shows.
2832:
924:). In the English system the cousin relationship is further detailed by the concepts of
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is sometimes used for a distant relative who is familiar enough to be greeted with a
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2508:"Genetic And Quantitative Aspects Of Genealogy – Types Of Collateral Relationships"
487:
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The
Conversation: What's the genetic disease risk for children of related couples?
2621:." They spoke of Mennonite names, Mennonite food, Low German, Russian immigration.
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3116:
3058:
2713:"Genetic And Quantitative Aspects Of Genealogy - Classification Of Relationships"
2292:{\displaystyle \left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{4}+\left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{4}}
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For example, David and George are on opposing sides of the family tree and are
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The degree of the relationship is that of the relative with the lowest order.
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the cousin with the smallest separation is used to determine the degree. The
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30:"First cousin once removed" redirects here. For the documentary film, see
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The removal is the number of rows by which the relatives are separated.
912:), and neither is a sibling of the other's parent (are not the other's
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2687:"How is someone related to the child of their parent's half-sibling?"
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and are thus doubly related. Double first cousins share both sets of
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system used in the
English-speaking world, a cousin is a type of
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2378:. Supporters of cousin marriage often view the prohibition as
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39:
2447:
King, Robert C.; Stansfield, William D. (2013). "Cousin".
3245:
3098:
Paul, Diane B.; Spencer, Hamish G. (23 December 2008).
3060:
2980:"Consanguinity, human evolution, and complex diseases"
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are used to specify a first cousin with no removals.
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2908:"Go Ahead, Kiss Your Cousin - DiscoverMagazine.com"
2603:Why I am a Mennonite: Essays on Mennonite identity
2291:
908:of the other, they do not share a parent (are not
3085:"The Surprising Truth About Cousins and Marriage"
2902:
2900:
2872:Date: February 8, 2008; Source: deCODE genetics.
2985:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2924:A Background Summary of Consanguineous Marriage
23:"Cousins" redirects here. For other uses, see
3261:
2460:
2458:
826:
8:
108:. There might be a discussion about this on
3217:Genealogy.com definition of various cousins
2930:(Technical report). Edith Cowan University.
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2778:
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2584:Genealogy of the Descendants of Peter Vilas
1478:example, David and Emma are cross cousins.
74:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3745:
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3246:
3195:"The Love That Dare Not Speak Its Surname"
2978:Bittles, Alan; Black, Michael (Sep 2009).
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3063:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 216.
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2660:"How closely related are double cousins?"
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201:Learn how and when to remove this message
183:Learn how and when to remove this message
128:Learn how and when to remove this message
2486:"What is a First Cousin, Twice Removed?"
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2587:. Madison, Wis: The editor. p. 17.
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2556:"Cousin-german definition and meaning"
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897:Princess Victoria, Duchess of Nemours
7:
2530:"Full cousin definition and meaning"
1387:(David is of the lowest order: one)
3229:Genealogy.com: What makes a cousin?
2885:Kershaw, Sarah (26 November 2009).
2731:"part 7 G4BB: World of Tinker-Toys"
864:in which relatives are two or more
37:Descendant of an ancestor's sibling
3193:Saletan, William (10 April 2002).
2382:, while opponents claim potential
155:tone or style may not reflect the
14:
3174:Brandon Keim (23 December 2008).
2944:Population and Development Review
2466:"Cousin Definition & Meaning"
55:This article has multiple issues.
2581:Vilas, Charles Harrison (1875).
216:
165:guide to writing better articles
144:
85:
44:
3176:"Cousin Marriage OK by Science"
63:or discuss these issues on the
3773:Genealogical numbering systems
2685:Quinn, Jillynne (2014-01-09).
2366:to it. In some regions in the
1:
3912:International Day of Families
3572:Australian Aboriginal kinship
3035:. consang.net. Archived from
3031:Alan Bittles; Michael Black.
2921:Bittles, Alan H. (May 2001).
2605:. Herald Press. p. 286.
2451:. Oxford University Press. 8.
2374:and culturally equivalent to
3117:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060320
2717:www.genetic-genealogy.co.uk
2658:Starr, Barry (2015-01-13).
2324:recessive genetic disorders
2302:Half cousins have half the
2220:most recent common ancestor
2216:coefficient of relationship
4032:
2561:Collins English Dictionary
2535:Collins English Dictionary
2348:
2207:
1471:parallel and cross cousins
1457:Parallel and cross cousins
1454:
29:
22:
15:
3873:National Grandparents Day
3283:
3057:Moore, Alexander (1998).
2788:. Genetic-genealogy.co.uk
2510:. Genetic-genealogy.co.uk
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1451:Gender-based distinctions
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32:First Cousin Once Removed
2745:"What Is a Step Cousin?"
2449:A Dictionary of Genetics
25:Cousins (disambiguation)
3965:Sociology of the family
3815:Philia (brotherly love)
3391:Second-degree relatives
3212:European kinship system
2999:10.1073/pnas.0906079106
2887:"Shaking Off the Shame"
2841:10.1126/science.1150232
2634:"Overview cross-cousin"
856:More generally, in the
159:used on Knowledge (XXG)
18:Cousin (disambiguation)
3820:Storge (familial love)
3426:Third-degree relatives
3328:First-degree relatives
2421:Second-degree relative
2330:for more information.
2293:
900:
163:See Knowledge (XXG)'s
3929:National Adoption Day
3805:Agape (parental love)
2601:Harry Loewen (1988).
2396:Collateral descendant
2294:
891:
878:third-degree relative
641:Emotions and feelings
3985:Dysfunctional family
3970:Museum of Motherhood
3917:National Family Week
3783:Quarters of nobility
2992:(suppl 1): 1779–86.
2767:Webster's Dictionary
2733:. February 20, 2011.
2692:The Tech Interactive
2665:The Tech Interactive
2335:reproductive success
2229:
98:confusing or unclear
16:For other uses, see
4011:Kinship and descent
3955:Wedding anniversary
3907:American Family Day
3863:Father–Daughter Day
3810:Eros (marital love)
3559:Kinship terminology
3087:. 14 February 2014.
3033:"Global prevalence"
2833:2008Sci...319..813H
1965:Non-blood relations
1469:On the other hand,
1423:cousin-niece/nephew
795:Narcissistic parent
106:clarify the article
3715:collateral descent
3234:2015-03-11 at the
3222:2015-03-08 at the
3197:– via Slate.
2891:The New York Times
2372:legally prohibited
2289:
2277:
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901:
613:marital separation
3993:
3992:
3793:
3792:
3710:Lineal descendant
3680:Bilateral descent
3433:Great-grandparent
3318:Matrifocal family
3241:Genetic Genealogy
2749:www.reference.com
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2196:
2188:
2187:
1955:
1954:
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1745:
1476:basic family tree
1464:Basic family tree
1419:cousin-uncle/aunt
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953:Basic family tree
884:Basic definitions
843:
842:
800:Power and control
524:
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392:Significant other
372:Mixed-orientation
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157:encyclopedic tone
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78:
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3975:Astronaut family
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3647:Iroquois kinship
3637:Sudanese kinship
3632:Hawaiian kinship
3607:Family of choice
3438:Great-grandchild
3313:Immediate family
3270:
3263:
3256:
3247:
3199:
3198:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3150:"Final Thoughts"
3146:
3140:
3139:
3129:
3119:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3011:
3001:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2904:
2895:
2894:
2882:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2782:
2771:
2770:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2751:. 4 August 2015.
2741:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2638:Oxford reference
2630:
2624:
2623:
2598:
2589:
2588:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2444:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2269:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2239:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1399:Additional terms
1389:with one removal
961:
960:
955:
954:
948:
835:
828:
821:
386:
243:
226:
220:
213:
206:
199:
188:
181:
177:
174:
168:
167:for suggestions.
148:
147:
140:
133:
126:
122:
119:
113:
89:
88:
81:
70:
48:
47:
40:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4020:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3933:
3834:
3789:
3778:Seize quartiers
3744:
3685:Common ancestor
3669:
3661:
3627:Chinese kinship
3622:Nurture kinship
3612:Fictive kinship
3553:
3513:
3502:daughter-in-law
3456:
3421:
3386:
3322:
3308:Conjugal family
3303:Extended family
3279:
3274:
3236:Wayback Machine
3224:Wayback Machine
3208:
3203:
3202:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3110:(12): 2627–30.
3097:
3096:
3092:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3071:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3042:
3040:
3030:
3029:
3025:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2957:10.2307/2137601
2940:
2939:
2935:
2927:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2906:
2905:
2898:
2884:
2883:
2876:
2868:
2864:
2827:(5864): 813–6.
2818:
2817:
2813:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2774:
2763:"cousin-in-law"
2761:
2760:
2756:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2697:
2695:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2670:
2668:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2640:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2613:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2566:
2564:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2540:
2538:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2488:. Genealogy.com
2484:
2483:
2479:
2471:Merriam-Webster
2464:
2463:
2456:
2446:
2445:
2434:
2429:
2406:Cousin marriage
2392:
2353:
2351:Cousin marriage
2347:
2345:Cousin marriage
2320:recessive trait
2316:
2263:
2262:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2212:
2206:
1967:
1484:
1459:
1453:
1401:
952:
951:
895:and her cousin
886:
839:
810:
809:
770:
760:
759:
745:Sexual activity
708:
700:
699:
643:
633:
632:
599:
591:
590:
534:
526:
525:
516:
492:
478:Mutual monogamy
359:
338:
240:
225:
221:
207:
196:
195:
194:
189:
178:
172:
169:
162:
153:This article's
149:
145:
134:
123:
117:
114:
103:
90:
86:
49:
45:
38:
35:
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
4029:
4027:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
3998:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3883:Children's Day
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3765:
3760:
3758:Pedigree chart
3754:
3752:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3725:Patrilineality
3722:
3720:Matrilineality
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3642:Eskimo kinship
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3523:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3494:
3492:Sibling-in-law
3489:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3466:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3332:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3298:Nuclear family
3295:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3226:
3214:
3207:
3206:External links
3204:
3201:
3200:
3185:
3166:
3154:Cousin Couples
3141:
3090:
3076:
3069:
3049:
3023:
2970:
2933:
2913:
2896:
2874:
2862:
2811:
2799:
2772:
2754:
2736:
2722:
2704:
2677:
2650:
2625:
2611:
2590:
2573:
2547:
2521:
2499:
2477:
2454:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2391:
2388:
2380:discrimination
2349:Main article:
2346:
2343:
2315:
2312:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2236:
2208:Main article:
2205:
2202:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1966:
1963:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1483:
1482:Multiplicities
1480:
1455:Main article:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1440:kissing cousin
1436:
1427:
1415:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
995:
992:
991:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
966:
964:
957:
956:
893:Queen Victoria
885:
882:
841:
840:
838:
837:
830:
823:
815:
812:
811:
808:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
771:
766:
765:
762:
761:
758:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
731:
730:
725:
720:
709:
706:
705:
702:
701:
698:
697:
692:
687:
686:
685:
680:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
644:
639:
638:
635:
634:
631:
630:
625:
620:
615:
606:
600:
597:
596:
593:
592:
589:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
562:
561:
559:Bachelor's Day
551:
546:
541:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:
522:
521:
518:
517:
515:
514:
509:
504:
499:
493:
491:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
459:
456:
455:
445:
444:
443:
442:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
382:
381:
377:
376:
375:
374:
369:
368:
367:
365:Group marriage
358:
357:
356:
355:
350:
339:
337:
336:
331:
330:
329:
324:
313:
310:
309:
302:
301:
300:
299:
294:
289:
284:
283:
282:
277:
267:
262:
254:
253:
241:
238:
237:
234:
233:
209:
208:
191:
190:
173:September 2023
152:
150:
143:
136:
135:
93:
91:
84:
79:
53:
52:
50:
43:
36:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4028:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3945:Single parent
3943:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3930:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3798:Relationships
3796:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3740:Royal descent
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3657:Omaha kinship
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3587:Consanguinity
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3487:Parent-in-law
3485:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3462:Family-in-law
3459:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3404:
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581:Singles event
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223:Relationships
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118:February 2023
111:
110:the talk page
107:
101:
99:
94:This article
92:
83:
82:
77:
75:
68:
67:
62:
61:
56:
51:
42:
41:
33:
26:
19:
3878:Parents' Day
3868:Siblings Day
3858:Father's Day
3846:Mother's Day
3830:Polyfidelity
3825:Filial piety
3750:Family trees
3652:Crow kinship
3602:Estrangement
3497:Child-in-law
3451:
3417:Niece/Nephew
3188:
3179:
3169:
3157:. Retrieved
3153:
3144:
3107:
3104:PLOS Biology
3103:
3093:
3079:
3059:
3052:
3041:. Retrieved
3037:the original
3026:
2989:
2983:
2973:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2923:
2916:
2890:
2865:
2824:
2820:
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2802:
2790:. Retrieved
2766:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2725:
2716:
2707:
2696:. Retrieved
2690:
2680:
2669:. Retrieved
2663:
2653:
2641:. Retrieved
2637:
2628:
2619:cousin-uncle
2618:
2616:
2602:
2583:
2576:
2565:. Retrieved
2559:
2550:
2539:. Retrieved
2533:
2524:
2512:. Retrieved
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2480:
2469:
2448:
2357:
2354:
2332:
2317:
2314:Reproduction
2309:
2301:
2224:
2213:
2198:
1960:
1956:
1768:grandparents
1757:
1468:
1462:the example
1460:
1439:
1431:
1422:
1418:
1410:
1405:
1388:
1384:
1382:
941:
936:
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925:
922:niece/nephew
902:
874:
870:
862:relationship
855:
851:first cousin
850:
846:
844:
488:Polyfidelity
473:Non-monogamy
417:Life partner
407:Cohabitation
296:
197:
179:
170:
154:
124:
115:
104:Please help
95:
71:
64:
58:
57:Please help
54:
3705:Inheritance
3690:Family name
3549:Stepsibling
3443:Great-uncle
3398:Grandparent
2368:Middle East
1432:grandcousin
1406:full cousin
866:generations
713:Bride price
571:Meet market
502:Concubinage
287:Grandparent
4016:Cousinship
4000:Categories
3950:Only child
3895:Family Day
3768:Ahnentafel
3730:Progenitor
3592:Disownment
3537:stepmother
3532:stepfather
3527:Stepparent
3519:Stepfamily
3507:son-in-law
3447:Great-aunt
3403:Grandchild
3043:2017-11-06
2951:(3): 567.
2792:28 October
2698:2024-08-04
2671:2024-08-04
2612:083613463X
2567:2024-08-04
2541:2024-08-04
2514:28 October
2427:References
2384:immorality
2328:inbreeding
1417:The terms
1404:The terms
755:Repression
740:Infidelity
653:Attachment
554:Engagement
533:Activities
427:Friendship
402:Girlfriend
380:Partner(s)
100:to readers
60:improve it
3960:Godparent
3667:Genealogy
3544:Stepchild
3293:Household
2173:{{{Blk}}}
2168:{{{Blk}}}
2081:Elizabeth
1651:Claudette
1438:The term
1429:The term
1073:Claudette
735:Hypergamy
707:Practices
695:Sexuality
668:Limerence
628:Widowhood
618:Annulment
544:Courtship
507:Courtesan
483:Polyamory
435:cross-sex
397:Boyfriend
348:Polyandry
66:talk page
3839:Holidays
3763:Genogram
3700:Heredity
3695:Heirloom
3617:Marriage
3582:Affinity
3577:Adoption
3363:daughter
3232:Archived
3220:Archived
3136:19108607
3018:19805052
2857:17831162
2849:18258915
2390:See also
2360:arranged
1936:Penelope
1851:Benjamin
1760:siblings
1508:Beatrice
1347:Ingeborg
1244:Felicity
910:siblings
906:ancestor
805:Stalking
785:Domestic
678:Platonic
663:Jealousy
658:Intimacy
648:Affinity
512:Mistress
497:Cicisbeo
468:Monogamy
449:Intimate
431:romantic
412:Same-sex
353:Polygyny
343:Polygamy
307:marriage
251:adoptive
3938:Related
3672:lineage
3597:Divorce
3567:Kinship
3480:husband
3375:brother
3370:Sibling
3288:History
3127:2605922
3009:2868287
2965:2137601
2829:Bibcode
2821:Science
2643:5 March
2492:Sep 26,
2416:Sibling
2086:Charles
1866:Cecilie
1794:Anthony
1784:William
1764:parents
1736:Frances
1666:Dorothy
1503:Richard
1068:Charles
942:removal
930:removal
858:kinship
790:Elderly
728:service
690:Passion
623:Divorce
604:Breakup
598:Endings
586:Wedding
576:Romance
539:Bonding
429: (
322:Husband
292:Sibling
260:Kinship
247:Genetic
229:Outline
96:may be
4006:Family
3980:Incest
3900:Canada
3470:Spouse
3452:Cousin
3380:sister
3346:father
3341:mother
3336:Parent
3277:Family
3159:4 June
3134:
3124:
3067:
3016:
3006:
2963:
2855:
2847:
2609:
2411:Family
2376:incest
2326:. See
2076:Arthur
1861:Robert
1661:Alfred
1498:Louise
1254:George
1169:Edward
977:Edwina
972:Joseph
937:degree
926:degree
899:, 1852
847:cousin
780:Dating
566:Mating
549:Dating
463:Casual
453:sexual
317:Spouse
297:Cousin
280:mother
275:father
270:Parent
265:Family
3888:Japan
3408:Uncle
3353:Child
3180:Wired
2961:JSTOR
2928:(PDF)
2853:S2CID
2339:unfit
2163:David
2096:Colin
2091:Karen
1984:Peter
1923:David
1789:Alice
1723:Edwin
1656:Henry
1342:Harry
1249:Frank
1159:David
1154:Daisy
1063:Marie
990:Order
918:uncle
775:Child
768:Abuse
723:dowry
718:dower
609:Legal
239:Types
3851:U.S.
3735:Clan
3670:and
3475:wife
3412:Aunt
3161:2016
3132:PMID
3065:ISBN
3014:PMID
2845:PMID
2794:2014
2645:2020
2607:ISBN
2516:2014
2494:2015
2178:Mary
1989:Anne
1856:Anne
1493:Otto
1444:kiss
1421:and
1408:and
1259:Gwen
1164:Emma
1058:Paul
935:The
928:and
920:nor
914:aunt
673:Love
451:and
439:zone
327:Wife
3358:son
3122:PMC
3112:doi
3004:PMC
2994:doi
2990:107
2953:doi
2837:doi
2825:319
1133:3rd
1078:2nd
1039:1st
853:.
305:By
249:or
4002::
3922:UK
3178:.
3152:.
3130:.
3120:.
3106:.
3102:.
3012:.
3002:.
2988:.
2982:.
2959:.
2949:20
2947:.
2899:^
2889:.
2877:^
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2775:^
2765:.
2747:.
2715:.
2689:.
2662:.
2636:.
2615:.
2593:^
2558:.
2532:.
2468:.
2457:^
2435:^
2386:.
1770:.
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845:A
437:/
433:/
69:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
