31:
75:
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376:, 26.5–29 centimetres or 10.4–11.4 inches in length), but is smaller, darker in color, has a blacker bill, and the markings are more sharply defined. No other thrasher species coexist on the island, but the Cozumel thrasher may be confused with the migratory
343:
and ear-coverts are a mottled grey brown. The chin and throat are an off-white color with a blackish partial malar stripe. The chest is a buffy-white in color with stark black teardrop shaped spots. The belly is off-white, and the
30:
259:
thrashers. It has been generally described as shy, but there have been descriptions to the contrary. It was once abundant throughout
Cozumel before two hurricanes greatly affected its numbers.
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The habitat preferences for the thrasher is thought to be in low and medium deciduous and semi-deciduous forests. It may have once been most abundant in forest edges adjacent to clearings.
1120:
988:
732:
Martínez-Morales, Miguel Angel; Cuarón, Alfredo D. (July 1999). "Boa constrictor, an introduced predator threatening the endemic fauna on
Cozumel Island, Mexico".
1145:
287:), but was considered a separate species when it was determined in a 1998 study that it differed genetically more than five percent from both the long-billed and
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486:
Some scientists believe that other factors must have contributed to the bird's decline, because the
Cozumel thrasher likely survived hurricanes for millennia.
483:. Relocation efforts continue; though at least a few birds seem to survive, the continuing existence of this species had not been verified as of January 2008.
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The song is described as a rich varied warbling, slightly scratchy with little repetition. Bond described its alarm note being similar to the brown thrasher.
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248:. It is believed to be the most critically endangered species of bird in Mexico – if it indeed still exists, which is probable but not certain.
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hit this island on
September 14, 1988. Until it was sighted in June 2004, this bird had last been seen in 1995, the same year that
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have not been recorded, but presumably is similar in development to adulthood like the long-billed and brown thrasher.
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Inquiry from the local population had suggested that the species would likely be encountered near the
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479:; in October and December 2007, thrashers were also seen but could not be reliably identified as
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in 2005 caused; it seems that the bird was not found anymore during a survey in
December 2006.
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638:"Evolutionary Patterns of Morphometrics, Allozymes, and Mitochondrial DNA in Thrashers (Genus
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The thrasher is 21.5 to 24 centimetres (8.5 to 9.4 in) in length. The adult has a brown
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The thrasher is predominately terrestrial and elusive and as with all members of the genus
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384:). The wood thrush differs in lacking wing bars, a shorter beak, and a different shape.
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The
Cozumel thrasher is similar in appearance to the long-billed thrasher (
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471:
The last – unconfirmed – sightings were in April 2006, where an apparent
233:
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784:. Includes habitat photo. Version of 2004-JUL-09. Retrieved 2007-FEB-08.
352:
is buffy and an underwing that is buffy-white with darker markings. The
967:
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are a warm brown with concealed white tips, preceded with a black bar.
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is grayish-brown, and the legs are brown with a dull tint. Juveniles'
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hit
Cozumel on October 11, and it was widely believed to have become
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295:). In the same study it was determined to be the basal member of the
245:
96:
954:
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660:
690:"El cuitlacoche de cozumel: The endemic thrasher of Cozumel Island"
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in 1885. It has been described as a subspecies to its relative the
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are also thought to have impacted the population of the thrasher.
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that becomes more red in its tint on its lower back and rump.
449:
It is still unclear what damage the impact of
Hurricanes
335:
are grayish-brown with warm rufous-brown outer webs. The
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782:
The
Cozumel Thrasher: One Bird Away From Extinction
585:
536:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22711105A179828104.en
392:The distribution of the thrasher is restricted to
791:. Version of 2006-DEC-28. Retrieved 2008-FEB-12.
777:. Version of 2008-JAN-28. Retrieved 2008-FEB-12.
684:
682:
680:
678:
434:The numbers of this bird declined rapidly when
396:which is 45 km long and 20 km wide.
8:
636:Zink, Robert M.; Dittmann, Donna L. (1999).
271:The Cozumel thrasher was first described as
1121:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
789:Recently Discovered Species Gain Protection
718:
716:
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775:- The endemic thrasher of Cozumel Island
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419:had noted its secretive behavior, but
339:are also have a warm brown color. The
1146:Critically endangered biota of Mexico
7:
251:This bird is closely related to the
522:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
806:Cozumel Thrasher Species Factsheet
619:The Ibis, Volume III, Fifth Series
592:. Yale University Press. pp.
14:
780:Environment News Service (2004):
1136:Endemic birds of Southern Mexico
73:
511:BirdLife International (2020).
1131:Birds of the Yucatán Peninsula
1:
734:Biodiversity and Conservation
588:Wrens, Dippers, and Thrashers
348:have larger black spots. Its
1156:Taxa named by Robert Ridgway
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325:Greater and lesser coverts
773:El cuitlacoche de cozumel
770:Curry, Robert L. (2007):
529:: e.T22711105A179828104.
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194:
175:
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70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1141:Endemic fauna of Cozumel
808:. Retrieved 2007-FEB-08.
388:Distribution and habitat
1151:Birds described in 1885
746:10.1023/A:1008815004072
417:Raymond A. Paynter, Jr.
319:, back, shoulders, and
303:thrashers. The bird is
204:Cozumel thrasher range
802:BirdLife International
787:Surfbird News (2006):
692:. Villanova University
584:Brewer, David (2001).
490:, including predatory
273:Harporhynchus guttatus
374:Toxostoma longirostre
285:Toxostoma longirostre
224:from the mockingbird
55:Critically Endangered
710:Surfbird News (2006)
622:. 1885. p. 320.
403:Behavior and ecology
382:Hylocichla mustelina
281:long-billed thrasher
475:was sighted at the
40:Conservation status
1098:Toxostoma-guttatum
883:toxostoma-guttatum
870:Toxostoma_guttatum
856:Toxostoma guttatum
826:Toxostoma guttatum
515:Toxostoma guttatum
488:Introduced species
217:Toxostoma guttatum
179:Toxostoma guttatum
1108:
1107:
1080:Open Tree of Life
818:Taxon identifiers
603:978-0-300-09059-8
477:Cozumel Golf Club
440:Hurricane Roxanne
436:Hurricane Gilbert
242:Yucatán Peninsula
236:to the island of
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24:Cozumel thrasher
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261:Invasive species
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161:T. guttatum
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368:Similar species
356:is yellow, the
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16:Species of bird
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796:External links
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740:(7): 957–963.
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170:Binomial name
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722:Curry (2008)
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694:. Retrieved
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540:. Retrieved
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466:San Gervasio
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394:Isla Cozumel
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232:), which is
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18:
1054:Neotropical
976:iNaturalist
850:Wikispecies
542:11 November
481:T. guttatum
473:T. guttatum
378:wood thrush
333:secondaries
311:Description
253:long-billed
1115:Categories
1093:Xeno-canto
765:References
559:ENS (2004)
421:James Bond
1126:Toxostoma
640:Toxostoma
498:Footnotes
464:ruins of
423:did not.
409:Toxostoma
337:rectrices
329:Primaries
305:monotypic
301:Toxostoma
299:group of
155:Species:
148:Toxostoma
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1033:22711105
1007:45625300
994:11228888
906:22711105
901:BirdLife
890:BioLib:
841:Q1585778
835:Wikidata
754:19655051
293:T. rufum
267:Taxonomy
240:off the
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1059:cozthr1
968:5231709
955:cozthr1
929:cozthr1
696:8 March
669:4089682
649:The Auk
444:extinct
362:plumage
238:Cozumel
234:endemic
230:Mimidae
220:) is a
189:, 1885)
187:Ridgway
143:Genus:
137:Mimidae
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1085:443496
1020:563506
919:117017
878:ARKive
752:
667:
600:
594:232–33
430:Status
346:flanks
246:Mexico
226:family
1072:76466
1046:99879
989:IRMNG
981:14901
950:eBird
942:57MNV
926:BOW:
893:29817
750:S2CID
665:JSTOR
645:(PDF)
462:Mayan
455:Wilma
451:Emily
341:lores
317:crown
297:rufum
257:brown
1041:NCBI
1028:IUCN
1015:ITIS
963:GBIF
914:BOLD
698:2015
598:ISBN
544:2021
527:2020
453:and
415:and
358:bill
354:iris
350:vent
331:and
321:rump
255:and
222:bird
210:The
117:Aves
1002:ISC
937:CoL
865:ADW
742:doi
657:doi
653:116
531:doi
275:by
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978::
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748:.
736:.
715:^
677:^
663:.
651:.
647:.
642:)"
628:^
596:.
564:^
552:^
525:.
519:.
468:.
446:.
307:.
244:,
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738:8
700:.
671:.
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380:(
291:(
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228:(
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185:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
