183:
riders from 165 to 180 mm (6.5 to 7.1 in) long in 2.5 mm (0.098 in) increments, with 170 mm (6.7 in) cranks being the most common size. A few small specialty manufacturers make bicycle cranks in a number of sizes smaller than 165 mm (6.5 in) and longer than 180 mm (7.1 in). Some manufacturers also make bicycle cranks that can be adjusted to different lengths. While logic would suggest that, all other things being equal, riders with shorter legs should use proportionally shorter cranks and those with longer legs should use proportionally longer cranks, this is not universally accepted. However, very few scientific studies have definitively examined the effect of crank length on sustained cycling performance and the studies' results have been mixed. Bicycle crank length has not been easy to study scientifically for a number of reasons, chief among them being that cyclists are able to physiologically adapt to different crank lengths. Cyclists are typically more efficient pedalling cranks with which they have had an adaptation period. Several different formulas exist to calculate appropriate crank length for various riders. In addition to the rider's size, another factor affecting the selection of crank length is the rider's cycling specialty and the type of cycling event. Historically, bicycle riders have typically chosen proportionally shorter cranks for higher cadence cycling such as criterium and track racing, while riders have chosen proportionally longer cranks for lower cadence cycling such as time trial racing and mountain biking. However, the evolution of very low rider torso positions to reduce aerodynamic drag for time trial racing and triathlon cycling can also affect crank selection for such events. Some have suggested that proportionally shorter cranks may have a slight advantage for a rider with a very low torso position and an acute hip angle, especially as the rider pedals near the top-dead-center position of the pedal stroke. Cranks can be shortened for medical reasons using shorteners such as Ortho Pedal.
864:, amongst others. One major factor is weight— the Rotor Box System is 50%–75% heavier than most competitive cranks. Other negative factors include higher purchase cost than other fine cranksets, and increased maintenance due to the complexity of the system. These cranksets are no longer in production, and availability of some parts is problematic. However the bearings are standard parts. A few parts, like links, are still distributed. This system originated as a cog-driven internal mechanism inside a purpose built bicycle's bottom bracket. In this first "ROTOR Box" design, the drive-side crank had an offset chainring spider with round rings. The drive side crank's gear ratio varied during the pedalling cycle by moving the round chainring upward and downward in regards to the crank's axle. The non-drive side crank was accelerated and decelerated by a gearing mechanism inside the bottom bracket to mimic the gear ratio variation the drive side crank went through, at an exact 180 degree phase-offset. While highly effective mechanically, these bicycles were costly and the significant movement of the chainring made shifting quality problematic.
33:
218:. Tubular steel cranks (such as Tioga's Revolver) can be light and very strong, are usually found on BMX bikes, and are slowly finding their way to mountain bikes (dirt jumping and urban assault). Aluminum cranks may be cast, hot forged or cold forged ("cold" in this context means the billet from which the crank is to be made is heated to a specified temperature well below the melting point, not room temperature). Cold forging gives the metal additional strength, and the cranks can therefore be made lighter without increasing the risk of breakage. Shimano "Hollowtech" aluminum cranks are made by forging the main arms around a hard steel insert which is then withdrawn, leaving an internal void to save weight. They are then welded up before final machining.
801:, refers to smaller triple cranksets, giving a small benefit in weight at the expense of increased wear and also giving the bike better clearance over obstacles. Typical ratios would be 22/32/44 teeth as opposed to 28/38/48 or 24/36/46 teeth. These would be used with smaller cassettes (Generally cassettes are available with 11 tooth minimum gear sizes for compact chainsets while standard chainsets were designed for cassettes with a 13 or 14 tooth top gear), giving the same overall ratio. Compact chainrings have been the dominant standard for mountain bike cranks since the mid nineties.
717:
658:
E13 DRS and MRP LRP. Chainguides include a channel on the top of the chainring to keep the chain in line (for models designed for one front chainring) and a roller or sprocket on the bottom to help keep the chain engaged with the chainring. These are almost always used in conjunction with bashguards. Exceptions including the E.thirteen LG-1 and the MRP G2 (and now the G2 SL) do exist which use integrated skid plates, removing impact forces from the crank's spider and transferring them to the frame.
187:
36 in), require longer cranks, as do disciplines such as
Mountain Unicycling, Trials, Street, and Flatland. These unicycles and disciplines commonly use cranks lengths greater than 125 mm (4.9 in). For indoor unicycling such as freestyle or hockey, shorter cranks give a smoother pedaling motion and enable tighter turns without the pedal hitting the floor. Crank lengths of 100 mm (3.9 in) are common, although some riders use cranks as short as 79 mm (3.1 in).
634:— a plastic or metal ring slightly larger in diameter than the chainring. Its purpose is mostly to help prevent the chain from touching or catching clothing. Chain guard is usually mounted on the outboard side of the chainring or, in case of multi-sprocket chainring, on the outboard side of the largest chainring. Single-sprocket chainrings may have chain guards on both inboard and outboard sides, helping keeping the chain on the chainring; this is common on multi-speed juvenile bicycles.
708:
manufacturer also claims that this change can also be useful to aid in running improvement, help prevent injuries in runners, improve core strength development, and are useful for the rehabilitation of lower extremity injuries, especially in the athlete. The manufacturer claims these cranks have been used as a training tool by several World and
Olympic Champions in both cycling and triathlon and several professional sports teams including MLB and NFL teams, and other uses.
876:
419:
1813:
899:, use Rotor's Q-rings which mimic the fluctuation in gear size without the added weight. However Rotor Q-rings and other non-round rings cannot duplicate the crank arm movements that allow application of power through the dead spots of the pedaling cycle. Non-round rings also increase the difficulty of setting up the front derailleur, while Rotor linkage cranksets present no extra difficulty in that regard.
56:
888:
chainrings during the rotation. This increases and decreases the effective gear the cyclists' two legs push as the crankset rotates. The effect of these movements eliminates the dead spot (where little power is produced) at the top and bottom of the pedaling cycle, and reduces knee strain. The manufacturer claims that power output relative to heart rate is increased, amongst other claimed benefits.
232:
357:
172:
868:
884:
system varies this angle through the circle of motion. The left and right crank arms speed up and slow down independently, relative to the chainrings during the pedalling cycle. The mechanism causing this is designed by ofsetting the axis of rotation of the crank spindle and spider, then connecting the spider to the individual crank arms via two independent links.
519:
44:
822:
typical ratios are 34/48, 34/50 and 36/50. This provides nearly the same lower gear ratios as a triple but without the need for a third chainring, a triple front derailleur and a long cage rear derailleur. Both
Shimano and Campagnolo recommend and sell front derailleurs specifically designed for compact cranksets, claiming better shifting.
848:
698:
may loosen the pedals over time, causing the pedals to become detached and/or damaging the pedal threading in the crank arms. A front crankset designed for tandem use is a commercially available option, since this has a chainring for the timing chain on the left side, though choice of chainring sizes
390:
The solution to the issue of fretting is to use a metal based anti-seize lubricant; being composed of assorted mixtures of aluminium, copper, graphite and nickel powders in a grease base – that allows repeated assembly and disassembly without wear and the elimination of fretting corrosion during use.
336:
Certain companies such as
Cannondale (BB30 open standard, introduced in 2000) have made their own unique bottom bracket standards requiring changes in the bottom bracket shell of the bicycle frame in order to accommodate the bottom bracket/crank design. The open BB30 standard is gaining popularity on
186:
Unicycle cranks vary in length to accommodate different unicycle wheel sizes, and different unicycling disciplines. As almost all unicycles are ungeared, crank length is a major factor in determining how much force is transmitted to the wheel. Larger wheel diameters, such as 660 to 910 mm (26 to
182:
Bicycle cranks can vary in length to accommodate different sized riders and different types of cycling. Crank length is measured from the center of the pedal spindle to the center of the bottom bracket spindle or axle. The larger bicycle component manufacturers typically offer crank lengths for adult
1496:
One of the most striking components on the bike is the chainset. Sastre won the 2008 Tour de France using Rotor Q-Ring elliptical chainrings mounted on FSA crankarms and the entire team has gone all-Rotor for 2009, using the Q-Rings, a novel self-aligning bottom bracket and – officially – the Ágilis
887:
As the crank rotates, the distance between the axle and spider varies. By placing a pivot point on the crank arm and the spider and connecting these via linkages, the varying axle to spider distance pivots the linkages up and down, pushing the cranks forward and pulling them backward relative to the
821:
offer compact cranks in their midrange and high-end product lines. The compact crankset provides a compromise between the standard road double crankset (with 39/52 or 39/53 tooth chainrings) and the road triple (with 30/42/52 or 30/39/53 tooth chainrings). The compact crankset has two chainrings and
740:
at different points in the pedal stroke, effectively changing the gear ratio at different angles of rotation with the intention to be more ergonomic. Non-round chainrings can sometimes cause problems in front shifting. Though the benefits of oval chainrings are still disputed in the press and among
679:
This configuration consists of a left crank arm with a spider and chainring, and a right crank arm without a spider, the opposite of a normal configuration. If used with a screw-on freewheel, a special hub with a left hand thread for a special freewheel must be used, which is also threaded left hand
276:
is a common proprietary standard that comes in two forms: version one for XTR, 105, Ultegra and Dura Ace; and version two for every other groupset such as XT, LX and Deore. Truvativ and DMR also have their own proprietary spline interface standards. A 48 splined spindle, such as from
Profile Racing,
891:
It takes a couple of weeks of regular use to become accustomed to the unusual feel of the Rotor linkage cranksets. After becoming accustomed to it, most riders prefer it. However, there is no difficulty in switching between ordinary cranksets and Rotor linkage cranksets. Once a rider has learned
317:
Even newer designs have the bottom bracket spindle, usually hollow and larger diameter than is possible for bottom brackets with bearings held inside the bottom bracket shell of a bike frame, for reduced weight and increased stiffness, permanently attached to the right crank (Shimano and others) or
657:
mountain biking have a chainguide installed. A chainguide is a metal or plastic housing that keeps the chain on the chainrings over rough terrain and during technical riding. Most chainguides are designed for only one front chainring, but there are a few dual-ring chainguides available such as the
611:
the pedalling contribution of both riders is often combined and coordinated by the crank arms. There may be a second set of chainrings, often on the opposite side from the regular drive train, one on each crank set and connected by a separate chain. The most common implementation has both cyclists
434:
diameter, commonly abbreviated as BCD. This measurement is sometimes referred to as pitch-circle diameter (PCD). Cranks designed to mount one or two chainrings will almost always use a single bolt circle diameter. Cranks designed to mount three chainrings will almost always use two different bolt
838:
Marketed and known by a variety of names (Z-cranks, P.M.P cranks, etc.) non-straight crank arms have been introduced several times. However, "as long as the distance from crank axle to pedal is fixed, there is no pedaling advantage in using bent crank arms". Possible disadvantages from comparable
883:
Later generation ROTOR System cranks moved the mechanism into an orbital chainring spider with a fixed rotational axis. These "ROTOR System" cranksets fit into classic BSA and ITA bicycle frames. Unlike a standard pair of cranks that always remain at 180 degrees relative to each other, the ROTOR
926:
A narrow wide chainring has teeth which are shaped differently for every other tooth. They are the same viewed from the side of the bicycle, but from the front or rear, one tooth is wide and the next is narrow. The pattern continues, narrow wide narrow wide, hence the name. The purpose is to
855:
Rotor is a trade name of a type of crank used in the transmission system of a bicycle. The Rotor crank was developed by
Aeronautic Engineering School students in Madrid, Spain in 1995 and was later commercialised. While Rotor Box found success with recreational road and mountain cyclists, many
378:
Pedal spindles are hard steel, and gradually fret and erode the crankarm where the two meet. This can eventually be a cause of crank breakage, which commonly occurs at the pedal eye. Some manufacturers advise the use of a thin steel washer between the pedal and crank, but this is ineffective
257:
use competing standards in square taper, viz. JIS and ISO respectively, where the ISO spindle is longer and its taper end is slightly smaller. Most parts made by
European manufacturers are to the ISO standard, and most Asian manufacturers use the JIS (Shimano) standard), and two orientations:
707:
At least one manufacturer offers a crankset in which the crank arms may rotate independently. This is supposed to aid in training by requiring each leg to move its own pedal in a full circle. One independent study has demonstrated training with these cranks can improve cycling efficiency. The
666:
Some cranksets have been produced that incorporate a ratcheting mechanism to accommodate coasting. In this case, the chain continues to rotate with the rear wheel when the rider stops pedaling. The ultimate goal of freewheeling cranks is to allow the rider to shift the chain while coasting.
593:
Chainrings designed for use with multi-chainring crank arms may have ramps or pins to aid in shifting. The middle chainring, in the case of a triple crankset, usually has the most shaping to aid in shifting up and down. The smallest chainring usually has the least, if any shaping.
422:
A chainring nut and bolt. The bolts are made in various lengths both to join rings and to fasten the assembly to the spider of the crank. While some have recessed hex fittings in both screw and nut, some like this have a slotted nut that requires the use of a special
829:
Compact gearing usually has a large percentage jump between the two chainrings. In balance, it may also allow small jumps in the rear by allowing a closer ratio cassette to be used, except for the 9% jump at the high end between the 11 and 12 tooth sprockets.
312:
lubricant between the mating parts. Composed of assorted mixtures of aluminum, copper, graphite and nickel powders in a grease base, such lubrication allows repeated assembly and disassembly without wear and the elimination of fretting corrosion during use.
812:
typically refers to double cranksets with a smaller (usually 110 mm (4.3 in)) bolt circle diameter than the standard 130 mm (5.1 in) or
Campagnolo's 135 mm (5.3 in). As of 2006, all of the major component manufacturers such as
776:
with Rotor's Q-Rings from his native Spain. Sastre won the 2008 Tour de France with Q-rings. Bradley
Wiggins has used an elliptical chainring from Osymetric since at least 2009, including in his victory of the 2012 Tour de France. In the 2010
368:(a combination that appears to be unique to this application). One-piece or children's cranks use a 1/2 inch hole. Some cranks on children's bikes have more than one pedal hole so that the pedal can be moved to accommodate growth.
403:—the multi-armed piece that connects the chainring to the bottom bracket axle—was a separate piece from the crank arm. The most common modern cranks have an integrated spider on the drive-side crank arm. However, Middleburn, TA, and
825:
Compact gearing is not necessarily lower than standard gearing if cassettes with smaller sprockets (such as 11–23) are used. A high gear of 50×11 on a compact drivechain is actually slightly higher than the 53×12 of a standard set.
645:, will often incorporate a very heavy-duty chain guard that is designed to protect the chainrings from physical damage caused by impact with fixed objects; also called 'bashguards', these commonly replace a third (large) chainring.
586:
Cheaper cranksets may have the chainrings welded or riveted directly to the crank arm or spider. More expensive sets have the chainrings bolted on so that they can be replaced if worn or damaged, or to provide different gearing.
258:
diamond and horizontal square. The hole in the crank in which one screws a crank puller almost always has a diameter of 22 mm (0.87 in), though some old French cranks (Stonglight and T.A.) require a different puller.
435:
circle diameters; the larger to mount the two bigger, outer rings and the smaller to mount the smaller, inner ring. Most modern two-chainring cranks use either a 110 or 130 mm (4.3 or 5.1 in) bolt circle diameter.
781:, and David Millar used them in his 2011 victory in the final TT of the 2011 Giro. Several Pro-Tour teams were using Osymetric and Q-Rings elliptical chainrings for road racing and time trialing. In the 2013 Tour,
541:. They usually have teeth spaced to engage every link of the chain as it passes over; however, in the past, some designs (called skip-tooth or inch-pitch) have had one tooth for every other link of the chain.
680:
and ratchets the opposite direction of a normal freewheel. If the freewheel and hub were threaded with right hand threads, the torque applied by pedaling would loosen and unthread the freewheel from the hub.
927:
prevent the chain coming off the chainring. It is largely effective at this. Narrow wide chainrings are now standard on premium mountain bikes which have one chainring and a wide cassette up to 50 teeth.
340:
Finally, many children's bikes and older, or less-expensive bikes have one-piece ("Ashtabula") cranks where the two cranks and bottom bracket spindle are forged as one piece of steel (see photograph above).
999:
318:
the left crank (Race Face). The left crank slides onto a spline and is tightened with one or more pinch bolts (Shimano) or is pressed onto a spline by a bolt on the bottom bracket spindle (Race Face).
911:
crankset offers two different gear ratios with just one chainring. This can have at least two advantages: shifting while not pedaling and fewer chances for the chain to come off the chainring. The
371:
The right-side (usually the chain side) hole is right-hand threaded, and the left-side hole is left-hand (reverse) threaded to help prevent it from becoming unthreaded by an effect called
383:, is to use a 45 degree taper at the surface where crank and pedal meet, as this would eliminate precession-induced fretting and loosening (it is already done for most automobile
1475:
1419:
387:
for the latter reason). However, this would require manufacturers to change a well-established standard which currently allows most pedals to be fitted to most cranks.
744:
Their popularity in the late eighties to early nineties is best reflected in their widespread use by professional cyclists of that time. However, one hold-out has been
190:
As there is no chainwheel on a unicycle, right and left cranks are identical, except for the pedal attachment thread in the left-hand crank, which is reverse threaded.
549:
By convention, the largest chainring is outboard and the smallest is inboard. Chainrings vary in size from as few as 20 teeth to as many as 60 and potentially more.
32:
687:
drivetrain. Because the lock ring prevents the sprocket from unscrewing, it can be used for left-side drive without requiring special left hand threaded parts.
364:
Crank arms have a threaded hole (or "eye") at their outboard end to accommodate the pedal spindle. Adult or multi-piece cranks have a 9/16 inch hole with
1003:
427:
Many modern bicycles have removable chainrings, to allow for replacement when worn, or to change the gear ratio provided (although the change is limited).
253:
a square tapered spindle. The taper is 2 degrees with respect to the centerline. There are at least two non-interchangeable dimensions (e.g. Shimano and
1238:(Canada) Summer 110/3, A third inside chain ring (a.k.a. the granny gear)‥means you can stay in the saddle all the way to the top of gruelling steeps.
1732:
622:
There are tandem cranksets available called independent pedaling system cranksets, which allow each cyclist to pedal, or not, at their own pace.
329:, has each crank permanently attached to one half of the spindle (called semi-axles) which then join in the middle of the bottom bracket with a
1618:
1272:
407:
currently produce cranks with separate detachable spiders, enabling a wide variety of chainring patterns to be used with the same cranks.
1510:
1094:
410:
Spiders usually have 4 or 5 arms, although some models have had as few as 3 and many as 10 arms with 6 having been popular in the past.
1604:
1483:
1701:
612:
pedaling at exactly the same pace and usually in phase, although it is possible to configure the system for out-of-phase pedaling.
1369:
1056:
1030:
1651:
1325:
Luttrell (November 2003). "Effects of short-term training using powercranks on cardiovascular fitness and cycling efficiency".
892:
to use Rotor linkage cranksets the adaption when switching back and forth between crankset types only takes a minute or two.
615:
The most common tandem crankset is a set of four cranks. Both left cranks have spiders and chainrings to be connected by a
563:
1/8″ (3.18 mm) for track, BMX, cruiser bikes, one-speed, three-speeds, and the rare older 3 or 4 speed derailleur bike.
1448:
690:
Note that if a normal right-side-drive crankset is installed backwards to create a left-side-drive bicycle, the threaded
2068:
1725:
741:
manufacturers, one study claimed significant benefits, namely that the rider would gain an additional 8 watts of power.
1176:
566:
3/32″ (2.38 mm) for road, hybrid, mountain bikes, single-speed and 5-, 6-, 7- and 8 speed freewheels or cassettes.
1864:
716:
638:
79:
300:
by a bolt or nut installed into or onto the bottom bracket spindle. The head of the bolt or the nut sits inside a
272:
spline may be the most common splined standard as it was decided on and supported by several companies. Shimano's
1370:"Comparative biomechanical study of circular and non-circular chainrings for endurance cycling at constant speed"
1224:
1338:
430:
The holes on the spider arms used for attaching a chainring can have a variety of spacings, referred to as the
63:
1718:
372:
137:
529:(also called "chain rings", "chainwheels" or "sprockets", although sprocket is used this way mostly in the
2073:
1931:
1772:
1741:
1533:
304:
that is also threaded to accept a crank puller tool. The counterbore is often covered with a dust cover.
244:
176:
1854:
1143:
737:
83:
1590:
856:
competitive cyclists continue to use the traditional fixed system as offered by major manufacturers
1886:
1762:
1625:
896:
95:
59:
1812:
590:
Replacement chainrings must be chosen with a bolt-hole count and spacing that matches the spider.
239:
There are a variety of methods used to attach the cranks to the bottom bracket spindle (or axle).
161:, one on each side and usually mounted 180° apart, connect the bottom bracket axle to the pedals.
1802:
1350:
769:
745:
684:
286:
1279:
556:
3/16″ (4.76 mm) for old-time bikes (especially skip-tooth or inch-pitch), heavy duty BMX,
1757:
1697:
1342:
908:
875:
765:
725:
116:
2027:
2007:
1997:
1334:
1234:
Sept. 54/2, On a smooth graded downhill,...Herbold trades up to a 62-tooth chainring. 2006:
778:
654:
365:
418:
2042:
2002:
1982:
1107:
The only tool required is a hex key to tighten the headset top cap and to attach the left
959:
939:
794:
753:
668:
578:
Chainrings are constructed of either an aluminum alloy, titanium, steel, or carbon fiber.
557:
268:
bottom bracket spindle with two prominent specifications, and numerous uncommon ones. The
265:
2037:
1967:
1792:
1787:
954:
912:
608:
345:
326:
133:
2062:
1987:
1946:
1882:
1872:
1821:
1749:
1424:
944:
773:
691:
538:
534:
512:
129:
99:
91:
51:
Deore right crankset, showing crank arm, spider, three chainrings and chainring guard
1354:
1060:
1972:
1936:
1839:
1829:
1777:
1155:
805:
782:
749:
616:
380:
379:
because the hard washer frets against the crank instead. A solution, suggested by
207:
55:
37:
930:
A disadvantage is that they are not compatible with double or triple chainrings.
752:, and there are still a couple of pro riders using them as late as 2011. Notably
360:
Fracture of an aluminium crank. Bright: brittle fracture. Dark: fatigue fracture.
2032:
1977:
1941:
1891:
1250:
798:
631:
431:
404:
330:
301:
1555:
1202:
1073:
Sometimes called a "crank arm", but this is redundant and inelegant. Call it a
978:
2022:
1901:
1844:
857:
818:
695:
472:
322:
309:
269:
254:
231:
694:
holes at the end of the crank arms would be reversed. In this configuration,
2017:
1992:
1910:
1767:
1180:
1034:
761:
733:
356:
171:
87:
1346:
1123:
867:
728:, several manufacturers have tried non-round chainrings, such as Shimano's
1915:
1905:
1797:
1782:
757:
297:
282:
273:
211:
203:
199:
103:
17:
518:
2012:
1951:
1849:
949:
861:
814:
729:
384:
296:
The cranks are pressed into place and prevented from squirming off via
48:
1394:
337:
high end bicycle and component manufacturers (Zipp, Specialized, FSA).
43:
1896:
619:, and only one of the right cranks has a spider for the drive chain.
141:
847:
637:
Bicycles that are going to be used in abusive applications, such as
785:
drew attention with his oval chainring, manufactured by
Osymetric.
261:
a hexagonal tapered spindle (Tune components cranks are an example)
1834:
874:
866:
846:
720:
Rotor Cervelo crankset mounted with non-round Osymetric chainrings
715:
517:
417:
355:
230:
215:
170:
54:
42:
31:
128:
to which the pedals attach. It is connected to the rider by the
1710:
511:"Chainring" redirects here. For chain rings in mathematics, see
1714:
1694:
Barnett's Manual: Analysis and Procedures for Bicycle Mechanics
1124:"Sheldon Brown: Square Taper Bottom Bracket Interchangeability"
569:
5/64″ (1.98 mm) for any bike with 9- or 10-speed cassettes
463:
130 BCD (Shimano and others), 135 (Campagnolo), or 122 (others)
1304:
642:
530:
308:
One solution to the issue of fretting is to use a metal based
278:
1576:
1339:
10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0785:eostup>2.0.co;2
469:
130/74 BCD (Shimano and others), or 135/74 BCD (Campagnolo)
235:
A one-piece ("Ashtabula") crank as seen from the right side
1673:
724:
After a first product commercialized in the late 1970s by
913:
Mountain Drive & Speed-Drive by Schlumpf Innovations
736:'s Harmonic ring. These are designed to provide varying
1476:"Pro bike: Carlos Sastre's Cervélo TestTeam Cervélo S3"
839:
straight crank arms include more weight and more flex.
1605:"New Cervélo TestTeam bikes for the cobbled Classics"
1534:"The kit Bradley Wiggins won the Tour de France with"
1509:
Cycling Weekly, Photos by Andy Jones (6 July 2009).
1960:
1924:
1863:
1820:
1748:
1577:"ROTOR: Fabricacion de Componentes para Bicicletas"
1556:"Bike Works NYC Chainring Archive: Bent Crank Arms"
1420:"Froome's ovale tandwiel: wondermiddel of placebo?"
760:, David Millar of Team Garmin Transitions and
522:
A used Shimano chainring, detached from right crank
1511:"Bradley Wiggins' Tour de France time trial bike"
1095:"Tech Report, with Lennard Zinn – The new Madone"
552:Chainrings also come in several nominal widths:
277:Demolition, and Eighth Inch, is mostly used for
36:A Shimano 105 crankset with two chainrings on a
1652:"Previewed: Unveiling Truvativ's Hammerschmidt"
1368:Malfait, L.; G. Storme; M. Derdeyn (May 2010).
247:, for attachment to the bottom bracket spindle.
478:110 BCD or (Campagnolo carbon 4×110/1×113 BCD)
243:Older cranks use a wedge-shaped pin, called a
1726:
1449:"Carlos Sastre's Cervélo TestTeam Cervélo S3"
1035:"Sheldon Brown's Bicycle Glossary: Chainring"
671:) is one of the more commonly seen examples.
8:
481:Mountain bike (5 arm)/compact/touring triple
1393:Malfait, L.; G. Storme; M. Derdeyn (2012).
851:closeup of Rotor Box bicycle Bottom Bracket
1733:
1719:
1711:
1081:, but please don't call it a "crank arm".
1061:"Sheldon Brown's Bicycle Glossary: Crank"
895:Many competitive cyclists, including the
732:, Rotor's Q-Rings, Ridea's PowerRing and
683:Left-side-drive is sometimes done with a
90:into rotational motion used to drive the
1696:(5th ed.). Boulder, CO: VeloPress.
630:Some chainrings can be outfitted with a
537:to transfer power to the (usually rear)
438:Bolt circle diameters of common cranks:
1228:. Oxford University Press. April 2010.
1025:
1023:
1021:
970:
871:closeup of a ROTOR System RS4X crankset
1156:"Fretting damage in Bicycle Mechanics"
1413:
1411:
1395:"Non Circular Chainrings for Cycling"
653:Some cranksets used for freeride and
7:
915:and the Hammerschmidt are examples.
502:70 BCD (René Herse/Compass Bicycles)
198:Cranks are constructed of either an
1593:. CyclingNews.com. 17 October 2008.
1251:"Bike Works NYC Chainwheel Archive"
1000:"Shimano Technical SG-X Chainrings"
1203:"Bike Works NYC Chainring Archive"
1177:"Campagnolo Ultra-Torque Crankset"
979:"Bike Works NYC Chainring Archive"
667:Shimano's discontinued FF system (
78:(in the UK) is the component of a
25:
1579:. RotorBike.com. 17 October 2008.
1532:Hunter Skipworth (23 July 2012).
1474:Stokes, Shane (3 February 2009).
1447:Stokes, Shane (6 February 2008).
1273:"IPS Independent Pedaling System"
1811:
499:Single, double or triple (3 arm)
98:, which in turn drives the rear
768:riding the Osymetric brand and
1650:Davis, Alan (13 August 2008).
1607:. bikeradar.com. 4 April 2009.
1418:Fontein, Just (20 July 2013).
797:the term compact crankset, or
132:, to the bicycle frame by the
1:
1619:"Q-Rings General Information"
1591:"The world center of cycling"
1144:Remove A Square Tapered Crank
493:Mountain bike (5 arm compact)
175:A left crank attached with a
102:. It consists of one or more
1093:Lennard Zinn (5 June 2007).
136:, and to the rear sprocket,
879:Rotor crankset with Q-Rings
2090:
510:
414:Bolt circle diameter (BCD)
348:article for more details.
1809:
1225:Oxford English Dictionary
214:, or some less expensive
250:Newer cranks slide onto
475:/compact/touring double
1692:Barnett, John (2003).
1674:"Schlumpf Innovations"
1278:. 2001. Archived from
1179:. 2006. Archived from
880:
872:
852:
721:
703:Independent crank arms
662:Freewheeling cranksets
533:community) engage the
523:
424:
361:
236:
179:
67:
52:
40:
922:Narrow wide chainring
878:
870:
850:
719:
521:
487:Mountain bike (4 arm)
421:
399:On older styles, the
359:
234:
227:To the bottom bracket
174:
58:
46:
35:
1855:Quick release skewer
766:Geoffrey Lequatreall
738:mechanical advantage
712:Non-round chainrings
560:, and exercise bikes
457:130, 135, or 144 BCD
84:reciprocating motion
2069:Bicycle drivetrains
1631:on 2 September 2011
1327:J Strength Cond Res
1285:on 1 November 2006
1006:on 17 October 2007
881:
873:
853:
810:compact drivetrain
804:In the context of
793:In the context of
770:Team CSC Saxo Bank
746:Team CSC Saxo Bank
722:
669:Front Freewheeling
524:
425:
362:
237:
180:
82:that converts the
80:bicycle drivetrain
68:
53:
41:
2051:
2050:
1536:. Pocket-lint ltd
1183:on 4 January 2007
726:Edmond Polchlopek
16:(Redirected from
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1486:on 3 August 2010
1482:. Archived from
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1002:. Archived from
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990:
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987:
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975:
897:Cervélo TestTeam
843:Rotor Box System
789:Compact crankset
699:may be limited.
603:Tandem cranksets
321:The latest from
114:attached to the
21:
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2003:Luggage carrier
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1513:. IPC Media Ltd
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1453:cyclingnews.com
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1037:. Sheldon Brown
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960:Gearbox bicycle
940:Bicycle gearing
936:
924:
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903:Planetary-drive
845:
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795:mountain biking
791:
754:Bradley Wiggins
714:
705:
677:
675:Left-side-drive
664:
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609:tandem bicycles
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144:via the chain.
86:of the rider's
74:(in the US) or
28:
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15:
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5:
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2055:External links
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200:aluminum alloy
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134:bottom bracket
106:, also called
62:crankset on a
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1742:Bicycle parts
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1703:1-931382-29-8
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1497:Evo crankset.
1485:
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1480:bikeradar.com
1477:
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1455:. Cyclingnews
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1425:de Volkskrant
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1333:(4): 785–91.
1332:
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1305:"PowerCranks"
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1232:Bicycle Guide
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1937:Bowden cable
1877:
1840:Spoke nipple
1693:
1677:. Retrieved
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1626:the original
1613:
1599:
1585:
1571:
1559:. Retrieved
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1504:
1495:
1488:. Retrieved
1484:the original
1479:
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1452:
1442:
1430:. Retrieved
1423:
1398:. Retrieved
1388:
1376:. Retrieved
1363:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1308:. Retrieved
1299:
1287:. Retrieved
1280:the original
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1245:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1197:
1185:. Retrieved
1181:the original
1171:
1159:. Retrieved
1150:
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1118:
1108:
1106:
1099:. Retrieved
1088:
1078:
1074:
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1065:. Retrieved
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1008:. Retrieved
1004:the original
994:
982:. Retrieved
973:
929:
925:
917:
906:
894:
890:
886:
882:
854:
837:
828:
824:
809:
806:road cycling
803:
792:
783:Chris Froome
750:Bobby Julich
743:
723:
706:
689:
682:
678:
665:
652:
636:
629:
626:Chain guards
621:
617:timing chain
614:
606:
592:
589:
585:
582:Construction
577:
551:
548:
526:
525:
437:
429:
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409:
400:
398:
389:
381:Jobst Brandt
377:
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327:Ultra-Torque
307:
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208:carbon fiber
197:
189:
185:
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168:
158:
156:
125:
121:
115:
111:
107:
75:
71:
69:
38:road bicycle
29:
27:Bicycle part
2033:Skirt guard
1978:Bottle cage
1961:Peripherals
1942:Cable guide
1892:Master link
1540:24 February
1289:14 December
1257:14 December
1187:14 December
799:micro drive
649:Chainguides
632:chain guard
466:Road triple
460:Road double
432:bolt circle
333:and a bolt.
331:Hirth joint
302:counterbore
222:Attachments
112:chainwheels
2063:Categories
2028:Reflectors
2023:Spoke card
1902:Derailleur
1865:Drivetrain
1845:Valve stem
1803:Suspension
1758:Handlebars
1658:8 December
1561:16 January
1517:9 February
1428:(in Dutch)
1208:16 January
1097:. VeloNews
1067:21 October
1041:21 October
1010:21 October
984:21 October
966:References
858:Campagnolo
819:Campagnolo
696:precession
685:fixed gear
598:Variations
527:Chainrings
490:104/64 BCD
484:110/74 BCD
473:Cyclocross
373:precession
323:Campagnolo
310:anti-seize
289:Freestyle.
287:fixed-gear
255:Campagnolo
108:chainrings
60:Belt-drive
2018:Saddlebag
2008:Mudguards
1993:Kickstand
1911:Gear case
1906:Hub gears
1768:Head tube
1635:25 August
1378:27 August
1310:12 August
1161:28 August
1129:28 August
762:Agritubel
734:Osymetric
574:Materials
507:Chainring
496:94/58 BCD
325:, called
283:unicycles
194:Materials
142:freewheel
126:crankarms
104:sprockets
18:Crank set
2013:Panniers
1998:Lighting
1916:Sprocket
1878:Crankset
1798:Fork end
1783:Seatpost
1490:12 April
1459:12 April
1355:35898509
1347:14666944
1109:crankarm
934:See also
758:Team Sky
748:veteran
655:downhill
639:freeride
558:Worksman
385:lug nuts
344:See the
298:fretting
274:Octalink
204:titanium
157:The two
138:cassette
76:chainset
72:crankset
66:District
1983:Fairing
1952:Ferrule
1932:Shifter
1925:Cabling
1850:Dustcap
1773:Headset
1432:20 July
1400:20 July
1101:12 July
950:Biopace
862:Shimano
815:Shimano
730:Biopace
451:144 BCD
445:151 BCD
266:splined
165:Lengths
49:Shimano
2038:Fender
1968:Basket
1897:Cogset
1822:Wheels
1788:Saddle
1700:
1353:
1345:
1253:. 2006
1230:1991:
454:Single
401:spider
395:Spider
366:20 TPI
285:, and
245:cotter
177:cotter
159:cranks
153:Cranks
130:pedals
117:cranks
1947:Brake
1883:Chain
1873:Pedal
1835:Spoke
1750:Frame
1679:5 May
1629:(PDF)
1622:(PDF)
1373:(PDF)
1351:S2CID
1283:(PDF)
1276:(PDF)
1075:crank
692:pedal
545:Sizes
539:wheel
535:chain
423:tool.
405:Surly
216:steel
148:Parts
124:, or
100:wheel
92:chain
1973:Bell
1887:Belt
1830:Tire
1778:Fork
1763:Stem
1698:ISBN
1681:2010
1660:2009
1637:2009
1563:2007
1542:2013
1519:2010
1492:2010
1461:2010
1434:2013
1402:2013
1380:2010
1343:PMID
1312:2009
1291:2006
1259:2006
1236:Toro
1210:2007
1189:2006
1163:2008
1131:2008
1103:2010
1069:2007
1043:2007
1012:2007
986:2007
860:and
817:and
641:and
270:ISIS
122:arms
96:belt
88:legs
70:The
64:Trek
1335:doi
1079:arm
772:'s
764:'s
756:of
643:BMX
607:On
531:BMX
279:BMX
140:or
110:or
94:or
2065::
1494:.
1478:.
1451:.
1422:.
1410:^
1349:.
1341:.
1331:17
1329:.
1105:.
1071:.
1059:.
1033:.
1020:^
907:A
808:,
375:.
281:,
264:a
210:,
206:,
202:,
120:,
47:A
1904:/
1885:/
1734:e
1727:t
1720:v
1706:.
1683:.
1662:.
1639:.
1565:.
1544:.
1521:.
1463:.
1436:.
1404:.
1382:.
1357:.
1337::
1314:.
1293:.
1261:.
1212:.
1191:.
1165:.
1133:.
1111:.
1045:.
1014:.
988:.
515:.
20:)
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