1575:
2728:
1341:
505:
1547:
133:
154:
2767:
1587:
1559:
1333:
2777:
1372:. Varieties of crabapple are selected to bloom contemporaneously with the apple variety in an orchard planting, and the crabs are planted every sixth or seventh tree, or limbs of a crab tree are grafted onto some of the apple trees. In emergencies, a bucket or drum bouquet of crabapple flowering branches is placed near the beehives as orchard pollenizers.
1530:
foods. It is easier to cut when green; dry applewood is exceedingly difficult to carve by hand. It is a good wood for cooking fires because it burns hot and slow, without producing much flame. Applewood is used to make handles of
1749:"Phylogenomic conflict analyses in the apple genus Malus s.l. reveal widespread hybridization and allopolyploidy driving diversification, with insights into the complex biogeographic history in the Northern Hemisphere"
1348:
Crabapples are popular as compact ornamental trees, providing blossom in spring and colourful fruit in autumn. The fruits often persist throughout winter. Numerous hybrid cultivars have been selected.
1574:
588:
A number of cultivars are self-pollinating, such as 'Granny Smith' and 'Golden
Delicious', but are considerably fewer in number compared to their cross-pollination dependent counterparts.
1747:
Liu, Bin-Bin; Ren, Chen; Kwak, Myounghai; Hodel, Richard G.J.; Xu, Chao; He, Jian; Zhou, Wen-Bin; Huang, Chien-Hsun; Ma, Hong; Qian, Guan-Ze; Hong, De-Yuan; Wen, Jun (May 2022).
2196:
2727:
3817:
3856:
2321:
2302:
2813:
3765:
2822:
3830:
3778:
3892:
1813:
Alaska
Department of Natural Resources [https://web.archive.org/web/20080719050542/http://www.dnr.state.ak.us/ag/21Applerootstocks.pdf Archived
2158:
4002:
2146:
2036:
1829:
1546:
2370:
1669:
Phipps, James B.; Robertson, Kenneth R.; Smith, Paul G.; Rohrer, Joseph R. (1990). "A checklist of the subfamily
Maloideae (Rosaceae)".
2348:
3713:
2226:
1296:
1488:
Some crabapple varieties are an exception to the reputation of being sour, and can be very sweet, such as the 'Chestnut' cultivar.
2200:
3804:
3718:
3992:
3941:
2806:
3835:
3843:
3562:
1558:
3687:
3674:
1388:
676:
is subdivided into eight sections (six, with two added in 2006 and 2008). The oldest fossils of the genus date to the
2318:
2290:
Burks, Jeff (2015). "Woods Used in Saw
Handles". Lost Art Press, Traditional Hand-tool Skills. blog.lostartpress.com.
3946:
3905:
2780:
2182:
2086:
39:
3861:
3536:
3486:
2799:
1526:
Applewood gives off a pleasant scent when burned, and smoke from an applewood fire gives an excellent flavour to
1361:
varieties are used to give additional cold hardiness to the combined plants for orchards in cold northern areas.
3910:
3987:
3542:
2890:
2770:
153:
3752:
3516:
3430:
2363:
1697:
1500:
585:); these are called self-sterile, so self-pollination is impossible, making pollinating insects essential.
3739:
3617:
3404:
3383:
3326:
2342:
1801:
1340:
1327:
1202:
504:
43:
3692:
2491:
1129:
776:
3757:
3744:
3556:
3456:
3294:
3289:
2844:
2310:
1627:
1392:
1271:
873:
3310:
1985:
1174:
1166:
1146:
943:
905:
3997:
3871:
3783:
3496:
3419:
3315:
3197:
3069:
3000:
2958:
2597:
1515:
1227:
935:
925:
512:
Apple trees are typically 4β12 metres (13β39 feet) talI at maturity, with a dense, twiggy crown. The
1935:
3136:
2150:
2115:
1960:
1910:
493:
2011:
3954:
3897:
3526:
3482:
3466:
3446:
3388:
3342:
3212:
2900:
2860:
2477:
2423:
2356:
2338:
2176:
1784:
1586:
766:
714:
555:
325:
148:
1419:
2061:
1837:
132:
3879:
3822:
3700:
3187:
3054:
2990:
2839:
2716:
2709:
2695:
2688:
2664:
2657:
2587:
2532:
2334:
2222:
2164:
2154:
1776:
1768:
1610:
1527:
1118:
1096:
1074:
1063:
1007:
996:
915:
656:, and even larger in certain cultivated orchard apples. The centre of the fruit contains five
566:
1722:
3884:
3357:
3352:
3263:
3244:
3207:
3044:
2915:
2910:
2678:
2619:
2604:
2580:
2573:
2553:
2546:
2505:
2498:
2409:
2214:
1760:
1678:
1535:; in the early 1900s 2,000,000 board feet of applewood were used annually for this purpose.
1519:
1157:
1029:
974:
953:
883:
851:
841:
808:
693:
596:
424:
395:
3095:
2702:
2671:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2467:
2453:
2325:
1816:
1111:
1105:
1085:
1055:
1049:
1018:
894:
786:
755:
543:
191:
35:
1748:
1184:
3982:
3522:
3476:
3379:
3279:
3258:
3254:
3120:
3105:
3034:
2974:
2941:
2752:
2539:
2525:
2460:
2433:
1470:
830:
747:
725:
551:
178:
2330:
1812:
1355:
for domestic apples to add beneficial characteristics. For example, the rootstocks of
3976:
3506:
3492:
3373:
3228:
3203:
3101:
3085:
3010:
2791:
2612:
2563:
2484:
2443:
1859:
1788:
1375:
Because of the plentiful blossoms and small fruit, crabapples are popular for use in
1357:
1040:
963:
862:
797:
736:
304:
284:
247:
90:
1885:
3959:
3566:
3414:
3400:
3369:
3348:
3275:
2626:
1482:
1478:
985:
485:
292:
3705:
3666:
3679:
3655:
3933:
3848:
3791:
3649:
3552:
3142:
2906:
2515:
1508:
1496:
1315:
819:
65:
1495:. Using sugar and spices such as ginger, nutmeg, cinnamon, and allspice, their
3234:
3224:
3177:
2886:
1460:
1365:
478:
110:
75:
3640:
2168:
1772:
1280:(Cockerell) MacGinitie Green River Formation, North America (Colorado) Eocene
3726:
3502:
3410:
3167:
3151:
3132:
3060:
3014:
2946:
2747:
1474:
1352:
1332:
697:
489:
459:
115:
3923:
1780:
2140:
17:
3918:
3634:
3546:
3472:
3306:
3183:
3163:
3146:
3111:
3091:
3064:
3050:
3006:
2927:
2896:
2876:
2414:
1532:
1306:
681:
559:
470:
237:
204:
105:
100:
85:
80:
70:
3770:
3512:
3462:
3173:
3020:
2937:
2870:
2866:
2835:
2405:
1764:
1440:
1369:
1287:
455:
267:
227:
120:
95:
1465:
3796:
3338:
3193:
3040:
2986:
2963:
2856:
1492:
1376:
1256:
677:
657:
582:
578:
570:
547:
535:
531:
513:
477:, crab apples (sometimes known in North America as 'crabapples') and
257:
217:
3809:
3611:
2242:
1682:
3731:
3442:
3238:
3081:
3024:
2996:
2931:
2742:
2390:
1504:
1339:
1331:
603:
539:
503:
474:
466:
451:
165:
31:
1092:β Lebanese wild apple, erect crabapple, or three-lobed apple tree
634: in) in diameter in most of the wild species, to 6 cm (
3532:
3452:
3285:
3248:
3030:
1503:
with a full, spicy flavour. A small percentage of crabapples in
1456:
1452:
1059:) β Sargent crabapple, Toringo crabapple, or Siebold's crabapple
661:
607:
530:β4 inches) long, alternate, simple, with a serrated margin. The
462:
3615:
2795:
2352:
1830:"Collecting and Training Crab Apples | American Bonsai Society"
2270:
2219:
All About
Canning & Preserving (The Joy of Cooking series)
1469:), and in some species woody, so is rarely eaten raw. In some
574:
2319:
Virginia
Cooperative Extension - Disease resistant crabapples
1802:
Apple Tree
Rootstocks Ecogardening Factsheet #21, Summer 1999
439:
410:
404:
1514:, the crab apple is one of the nine plants invoked in the
1431:
Other varieties are dealt with under their species names.
30:"Crabapple" redirects here. For the cultivated fruit, see
2199:. Stark Bro's Nurseries & Orchards Co. Archived from
433:
1580:
442:
413:
1916:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 63
436:
407:
3624:
2735:
2404:
430:
427:
401:
398:
1463:(which like the genus derives from the Latin name
708:36 species and four natural hybrids are accepted:
672:36 species and 4 hybrids are accepted. The genus
2331:The PRI disease resistant apple breeding program
546:, with usually red stamens that produce copious
815:β Florentine crabapple, hawthorn-leaf crabapple
660:arranged star-like, each containing one or two
2807:
2364:
684:), which are leaves belonging to the species
558:(varying greatly according to subspecies and
554:; flowering occurs in the spring after 50β80
8:
1264:Budants, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, Eocene
542:, which may be white, pink, or red, and are
2271:"Properties of different trees as firewood"
1499:can be made into ruby-coloured crab apple
692:from western North America (Idaho) and the
3612:
2814:
2800:
2792:
2371:
2357:
2349:
1725:. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food
1314:E.W.Berry North America (South Carolina),
577:, which freely visit the flowers for both
131:
49:
2303:Germplasm Resources Information Network:
2264:
2262:
2260:
1836:. American Bonsai Society. Archived from
2142:The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants
1216:) β Chonosuki crabapple and pillar apple
1109:) β wild ancestor of cultivated species
981:β plum-leaf crabapple, Chinese crabapple
1602:
1542:
2174:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1491:Crabapples are an excellent source of
2217:; Becker, M. R.; Becker, E. (2002) .
1507:makes a more interesting flavour. As
1344:Crabapple bonsai tree taken in August
473:, including the domesticated orchard
27:Flowering genus, rose family Rosaceae
7:
3947:3302e9ff-fa76-4c4c-b9b4-941fabad96b9
3872:91d0e015-5516-4e09-9705-13e8bfdac0a1
2776:
2147:United States Department of the Army
1753:Journal of Integrative Plant Biology
1742:
1740:
1473:cultures, they are valued as a sour
1451:Crabapple fruit is not an important
610:, varying in size from 1β4 cm (
595:species, including domestic apples,
1860:"Crabapple (Malus) - Bonsai Empire"
1698:"Are Apple Trees Self Pollinating?"
3911:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30024474-2
3599:, beautification and conservation
2823:State flowers of the United States
2221:. New York: Scribner. p. 72.
1723:"Crabapple Pollenizers for Apples"
1014:β Asiatic apple, Chinese crabapple
25:
1274:, North America (Colorado) Eocene
2775:
2766:
2765:
2726:
1585:
1573:
1557:
1545:
1523:, recorded in the 10th century.
1477:, sometimes eaten with salt and
1255:Axelrod, North America (Idaho),
423:
394:
152:
2269:Fraser, Anna (22 August 2005).
1455:in most areas, being extremely
1286:R.W.Br. North America (Idaho),
1090:(Labill. ex Poir.) C.K.Schneid.
34:. For the Australian tree, see
1552:Apple blossom. Eastern Siberia
1153:β Japanese flowering crabapple
1:
3137:Pink and white lady's slipper
1721:Ken Wilson and D.C. Elfving.
1387:These cultivars have won the
826:β Oregon or Pacific crabapple
2243:"The Science of Cidermaking"
1638:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1351:Some crabapples are used as
992:β native to China and Bhutan
732:β Chinese pearleaf crabapple
650:M. sylvestris sieversii
4003:Taxa named by Philip Miller
1696:coreyrametta (2019-06-11).
1657:Sunset Western Garden Book,
1389:Royal Horticultural Society
1231:β yellow autumn crabapple (
1221:Selected artificial hybrids
793:β domestic or orchard apple
652:, 8 cm (3 in) in
4019:
3587:, state children's flower
3086:White pine cone and tassel
1636:Plants of the World Online
1325:
1299:, Shandong, China, Miocene
920:(Maxim.) Kom. ex Skvortsov
508:Flowering crabapple blooms
40:Crabapple (disambiguation)
29:
3576:
3537:Bougainvillea spectabilis
2829:
2761:
2724:
1911:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
331:
324:
317:
312:
298:
291:
149:Scientific classification
147:
139:
130:
52:
2901:Rocky Mountain columbine
1890:evergreengardenworks.com
1312:Malus pseudoangustifolia
668:Subdivisions and species
2324:8 February 2007 at the
2041:Jelly King = 'Mattfru'"
1886:"Crabapples for Bonsai"
1611:Purple Prince Crabapple
1564:Ripe wild crab apples (
1270:(Cockerell) MacGinitie
878:J.Q.Deng & J.Y.Hong
813:(Zuccagni) C.K.Schneid.
569:between individuals by
3593:, state floral emblem
2871:Saguaro cactus blossom
2343:University of Illinois
2333:: a cooperative among
2181:: CS1 maint: others (
1412:'Jelly King'='Mattfru'
1364:They are also used as
1345:
1337:
1328:Fruit tree pollination
1203:Macromeles tschonoskii
1123:(Franch.) C.K.Schneid.
1079:(Batalin) C.K.Schneid.
888:(Batalin) C.K.Schneid.
516:are 3β10 centimetres (
509:
338:(Decne.) Decne. (1882)
44:Malus (disambiguation)
38:. For other uses, see
3993:Plants used in bonsai
2153:. 2009. p. 113.
1393:Award of Garden Merit
1343:
1335:
1295:J.Hsu and R.W.Chaney
1278:Malus pseudocredneria
1272:Green River Formation
1268:Malus florissantensis
1214:(Maxim.) C.K.Schneid.
1151:Siebold ex Van Houtte
968:(Hemsl.) C.K.Schneid.
939:β Niedzwetzky's Apple
507:
3431:Tennessee coneflower
3420:Purple passionflower
3358:Penngift crown vetch
3295:Large white trillium
3001:Syringa, mock orange
2598:Malus niedzwetskyana
1990:'Comtesse de Paris'"
1864:www.bonsaiempire.com
1293:Malus parahupehensis
1196:Formerly placed here
1179:(L.H.Bailey) Britton
1170:) β midget crabapple
1081:β cut-leaf crabapple
1070:β cut-leaf crabapple
1036:β European crabapple
936:Malus niedzwetzkyana
743:β Siberian crabapple
721:β southern crabapple
565:Many apples require
354:(Ser.) M.Roem.(1847)
3581:: state wildflower
3213:Pink lady's slipper
2652:(Asian wild/Almaty)
2197:"The Growing Guide"
2151:Skyhorse Publishing
2116:"RHS Plantfinder -
2087:"RHS Plantfinder -
2062:"RHS Plantfinder -
2037:"RHS Plantfinder -
1961:"RHS Plantfinder -
1936:"RHS Plantfinder -
1406:'Comtesse de Paris'
1130:Malus zhaojiaoensis
1045:(Siebold) de Vriese
970:β Pratt's crabapple
869:β prairie crabapple
867:(Alph.Wood) Britton
824:(Raf.) C.K.Schneid.
777:Malus daochengensis
556:growing degree days
552:half-inferior ovary
494:Northern Hemisphere
3487:Coast rhododendron
2845:Oak-leaf hydrangea
2478:Malus crescimannoi
2438:(Chinese pearleaf)
2424:Malus angustifolia
2339:Rutgers University
2012:"RHS Plantfinder -
1815:2008-07-19 at the
1765:10.1111/jipb.13246
1439:The seeds contain
1346:
1338:
1167:Malus Γ micromalus
1147:Malus Γ floribunda
1125:β Yunnan crabapple
1003:β Sikkim crabapple
874:Malus jinxianensis
804:β Taiwan crabapple
767:Malus crescimannoi
715:Malus angustifolia
510:
3970:
3969:
3880:Open Tree of Life
3618:Taxon identifiers
3609:
3608:
3517:Indian paintbrush
3290:Scarlet carnation
3280:Wild prairie rose
3259:Flowering dogwood
3035:Wild prairie rose
2991:Hawaiian hibiscus
2789:
2788:
2717:Malus yunnanensis
2710:Malus tschonoskii
2696:Malus transitoria
2689:Malus toringoides
2684:
2665:Malus spectabilis
2658:Malus sikkimensis
2653:
2593:
2588:Malus mandshurica
2569:
2559:
2533:Malus glaucescens
2521:
2511:
2473:
2449:
2439:
2429:
2393:
2386:
2335:Purdue University
2160:978-1-60239-692-0
1834:www.absbonsai.org
1702:Cold Hardy Fruits
1677:(10): 2209β2269.
1516:pagan Anglo-Saxon
1336:'Evereste' fruits
1228:Malus Γ sublobata
1211:Malus tschonoskii
1175:Malus Γ soulardii
1119:Malus yunnanensis
1097:Malus turkmenorum
1075:Malus transitoria
1064:Malus toringoides
1008:Malus spectabilis
997:Malus sikkimensis
916:Malus mandshurica
890:β Calva crabapple
762:β sweet crabapple
700:), respectively.
654:M. domestica
567:cross-pollination
385:
384:
287:
16:(Redirected from
4010:
3963:
3962:
3950:
3949:
3937:
3936:
3927:
3926:
3914:
3913:
3901:
3900:
3888:
3887:
3875:
3874:
3865:
3864:
3852:
3851:
3849:NHMSYS0000460566
3839:
3838:
3826:
3825:
3813:
3812:
3800:
3799:
3787:
3786:
3774:
3773:
3761:
3760:
3748:
3747:
3735:
3734:
3722:
3721:
3709:
3708:
3696:
3695:
3683:
3682:
3670:
3669:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3613:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3477:American dogwood
3438:
3437:
3427:
3426:
3396:
3395:
3384:Yellow jessamine
3365:
3364:
3334:
3333:
3323:
3322:
3302:
3301:
3271:
3270:
3220:
3219:
3159:
3158:
3128:
3127:
3096:Black-eyed susan
3077:
3076:
2982:
2981:
2971:
2970:
2954:
2953:
2923:
2922:
2916:Mirabilis jalapa
2891:California poppy
2852:
2851:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2793:
2779:
2778:
2769:
2768:
2730:
2682:
2679:Malus sylvestris
2651:
2620:Malus prunifolia
2605:Malus orientalis
2591:
2581:Malus lancifolia
2574:Malus kansuensis
2567:
2557:
2554:Malus hupehensis
2547:Malus honanensis
2520:(Oregon/Pacific)
2519:
2509:
2506:Malus floribunda
2499:Malus florentina
2492:Malus 'Evereste'
2471:
2447:
2437:
2427:
2388:
2384:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2350:
2311:Flora of China:
2291:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2266:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2172:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1915:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1884:Walston, Brent.
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1825:
1819:
1810:
1804:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1759:(5): 1020β1043.
1744:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1624:
1613:
1607:
1589:
1577:
1566:Malus sylvestris
1561:
1549:
1520:Nine Herbs Charm
1305:Doweld Romania,
1284:Malus idahoensis
1262:Malus kingiensis
1215:
1208:
1190:
1189:(Matsum.) Rehder
1180:
1163:
1152:
1135:
1124:
1102:
1101:Juz. & Popov
1091:
1080:
1069:
1046:
1035:
1030:Malus sylvestris
1024:
1013:
1002:
991:
980:
975:Malus prunifolia
969:
959:
954:Malus orientalis
949:
944:Malus ombrophila
931:
921:
911:
906:Malus leiocalyca
901:
889:
884:Malus kansuensis
879:
868:
857:
852:Malus hupehensis
847:
842:Malus honanensis
837:β Hall crabapple
836:
825:
814:
809:Malus florentina
803:
792:
782:
772:
761:
742:
731:
720:
694:Russian Far East
690:Malus kingiensis
647:
646:
642:
639:
633:
632:
628:
625:
619:
618:
614:
538:, and have five
529:
528:
524:
521:
449:
448:
445:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
420:
419:
416:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
379:
371:
363:
362:Rushforth (2018)
355:
347:
339:
300:Malus sylvestris
283:
157:
156:
143:βPurple Prince'
135:
125:
62:
58:Temporal range:
50:
21:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4007:
3988:Rosaceae genera
3973:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3958:
3953:
3945:
3940:
3932:
3930:
3922:
3917:
3909:
3904:
3896:
3891:
3883:
3878:
3870:
3868:
3860:
3855:
3847:
3842:
3834:
3829:
3821:
3816:
3808:
3803:
3795:
3790:
3782:
3777:
3769:
3764:
3756:
3751:
3743:
3738:
3730:
3725:
3717:
3712:
3704:
3699:
3691:
3686:
3678:
3673:
3665:
3663:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3620:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3582:
3572:
3571:
3527:Paogo (Ulafala)
3435:
3434:
3424:
3423:
3393:
3392:
3362:
3361:
3353:Mountain laurel
3331:
3330:
3320:
3319:
3299:
3298:
3268:
3267:
3217:
3216:
3156:
3155:
3125:
3124:
3121:Dwarf lake iris
3074:
3073:
2979:
2978:
2968:
2967:
2951:
2950:
2920:
2919:
2911:Mountain laurel
2849:
2848:
2825:
2820:
2790:
2785:
2757:
2731:
2722:
2703:Malus trilobata
2683:(European wild)
2672:Malus sublobata
2648:Malus sieversii
2641:Malus sieboldii
2634:Malus sargentii
2468:Malus coronaria
2454:Malus bracteata
2412:
2400:
2377:
2326:Wayback Machine
2299:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2173:
2161:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2122:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2095:'Red Sentinel'"
2085:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1817:Wayback Machine
1811:
1807:
1800:
1796:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1706:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1683:10.1139/b90-288
1668:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1626:
1625:
1616:
1609:Cirrus Digital
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1590:
1581:
1578:
1569:
1562:
1553:
1550:
1541:
1471:Southeast Asian
1449:
1437:
1429:
1420:Malus Γ robusta
1385:
1330:
1324:
1253:Malus collardii
1246:
1223:
1213:
1207:(Maxim.) Koidz.
1206:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1178:
1161:
1150:
1133:
1122:
1112:Malus domestica
1106:Malus sieversii
1100:
1089:
1086:Malus trilobata
1078:
1068:(Rehder) Hughes
1067:
1056:Malus sieboldii
1050:Malus sargentii
1044:
1033:
1023:(Makino) Makino
1022:
1019:Malus spontanea
1011:
1000:
989:
979:(Willd.) Borkh.
978:
967:
957:
947:
929:
926:Malus muliensis
919:
909:
899:
895:Malus komarovii
887:
877:
866:
858:β tea crabapple
855:
845:
834:
823:
812:
801:
791:(Suckow) Borkh.
790:
787:Malus domestica
780:
770:
759:
756:Malus coronaria
740:
729:
718:
706:
686:Malus collardii
670:
644:
640:
637:
635:
630:
626:
623:
621:
616:
612:
611:
526:
522:
519:
517:
502:
454:of about 32β57
426:
422:
397:
393:
377:
369:
361:
353:
345:
337:
308:
302:
282:
151:
126:
124:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
60:
59:
56:
46:
36:Pouteria eerwah
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4016:
4014:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3975:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3960:wfo-4000022982
3951:
3938:
3928:
3915:
3902:
3889:
3876:
3866:
3853:
3840:
3827:
3814:
3801:
3788:
3775:
3762:
3749:
3736:
3723:
3710:
3697:
3684:
3671:
3661:
3646:
3630:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3559:
3549:
3539:
3529:
3519:
3509:
3499:
3489:
3479:
3469:
3459:
3449:
3447:Bluebonnet sp.
3439:
3407:
3397:
3376:
3366:
3345:
3335:
3316:Indian blanket
3303:
3282:
3272:
3251:
3241:
3231:
3221:
3200:
3190:
3180:
3170:
3160:
3139:
3129:
3108:
3098:
3088:
3078:
3070:Louisiana iris
3057:
3047:
3037:
3027:
3017:
3003:
2993:
2983:
2955:
2942:Orange blossom
2934:
2924:
2903:
2893:
2883:
2873:
2863:
2853:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2796:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2773:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2753:Malling series
2750:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2601:
2594:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2560:
2550:
2543:
2540:Malus halliana
2536:
2529:
2526:Malus glabrata
2522:
2512:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2464:
2461:Malus brevipes
2457:
2450:
2440:
2434:Malus asiatica
2430:
2419:
2417:
2402:
2401:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2328:
2316:
2308:
2298:
2297:External links
2295:
2293:
2292:
2283:
2256:
2234:
2227:
2206:
2203:on 2014-07-26.
2188:
2159:
2132:
2107:
2078:
2053:
2028:
2003:
1977:
1952:
1927:
1902:
1876:
1851:
1840:on 3 July 2016
1820:
1805:
1794:
1736:
1713:
1688:
1661:
1649:
1614:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1572:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1448:
1445:
1436:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:'Red Sentinel'
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1384:
1381:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1290:
1281:
1275:
1265:
1259:
1245:
1244:Fossil species
1242:
1241:
1240:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1181:
1171:
1154:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1126:
1115:
1093:
1082:
1071:
1060:
1037:
1026:
1015:
1012:(Aiton) Borkh.
1004:
1001:(Wenz.) Koehne
993:
982:
971:
960:
950:
940:
932:
922:
912:
902:
891:
880:
870:
859:
856:(Pamp.) Rehder
848:
838:
831:Malus halliana
827:
816:
805:
802:(Bois) A.Chev.
794:
783:
773:
763:
752:
748:Malus brevipes
744:
733:
726:Malus asiatica
722:
719:(Aiton) Michx.
710:
705:
702:
669:
666:
501:
498:
469:in the family
383:
382:
381:
380:
372:
364:
356:
348:
340:
329:
328:
322:
321:
315:
314:
310:
309:
303:
296:
295:
289:
288:
275:
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:
255:
251:
250:
245:
241:
240:
235:
231:
230:
225:
221:
220:
215:
208:
207:
202:
195:
194:
189:
182:
181:
176:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
145:
144:
137:
136:
128:
127:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
63:
57:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4015:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3961:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3867:
3863:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3580:
3575:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3432:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3406:
3405:Pasque flower
3403:
3402:
3398:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3329:
3328:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3311:Oklahoma rose
3309:
3308:
3304:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3266:
3265:
3264:Carolina lily
3260:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3116:Apple blossom
3114:
3113:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2976:
2975:Cherokee rose
2966:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2933:
2932:Peach blossom
2930:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2882:
2881:Apple blossom
2879:
2878:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2861:Forget-me-not
2859:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2805:
2803:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2782:
2774:
2772:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2613:Malus prattii
2610:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2564:Malus ioensis
2561:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2485:Malus doumeri
2482:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2444:Malus baccata
2441:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:"Wild apple"
2382:
2374:
2369:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2287:
2284:
2272:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2228:0-7432-1502-8
2224:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2133:
2121:
2119:
2111:
2108:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2082:
2079:
2067:
2065:
2057:
2054:
2042:
2040:
2032:
2029:
2017:
2015:
2007:
2004:
1991:
1989:
1981:
1978:
1966:
1965:'Butterball'"
1964:
1956:
1953:
1941:
1940:'Adirondack'"
1939:
1931:
1928:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1877:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1724:
1717:
1714:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1597:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1506:
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1405:
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1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1358:Malus baccata
1354:
1349:
1342:
1334:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1303:Malus antiqua
1301:
1298:
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1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
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1205:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1162:(Wenz.) PardΓ©
1160:
1159:
1158:Malus Γ kaido
1155:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1043:
1042:
1041:Malus toringo
1038:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1005:
999:
998:
994:
988:
987:
983:
977:
976:
972:
966:
965:
964:Malus prattii
961:
956:
955:
951:
946:
945:
941:
938:
937:
933:
928:
927:
923:
918:
917:
913:
908:
907:
903:
900:Sarg.) Rehder
897:
896:
892:
886:
885:
881:
876:
875:
871:
865:
864:
863:Malus ioensis
860:
854:
853:
849:
844:
843:
839:
833:
832:
828:
822:
821:
817:
811:
810:
806:
800:
799:
798:Malus doumeri
795:
789:
788:
784:
779:
778:
774:
769:
768:
764:
758:
757:
753:
751:β shrub apple
750:
749:
745:
739:
738:
737:Malus baccata
734:
728:
727:
723:
717:
716:
712:
711:
709:
703:
701:
699:
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687:
683:
679:
675:
667:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
648: in) in
609:
606:is a globose
605:
600:
598:
594:
589:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
534:are borne in
533:
515:
506:
499:
497:
495:
491:
487:
484:The genus is
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
461:
457:
453:
447:
418:
391:
390:
376:
373:
370:Koidz. (1932)
368:
365:
360:
357:
352:
349:
346:Decne. (1874)
344:
341:
336:
333:
332:
330:
327:
323:
320:
316:
311:
306:
301:
297:
294:
290:
286:
281:
280:
276:
273:
272:
269:
266:
263:
262:
259:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:Amygdaloideae
246:
243:
242:
239:
236:
233:
232:
229:
226:
223:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
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197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:Tracheophytes
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
155:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
129:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
61:EoceneβRecent
55:
51:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3625:
3578:
3567:Yellow elder
3561:
3551:
3541:
3531:
3521:
3511:
3501:
3497:Rhododendron
3491:
3481:
3471:
3461:
3451:
3441:
3429:
3418:
3409:
3399:
3387:
3378:
3368:
3356:
3347:
3343:Oregon grape
3337:
3325:
3314:
3305:
3293:
3284:
3274:
3262:
3253:
3243:
3239:Yucca flower
3233:
3223:
3211:
3208:Purple lilac
3202:
3192:
3182:
3172:
3162:
3150:
3141:
3131:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3100:
3090:
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3068:
3059:
3049:
3039:
3029:
3019:
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2995:
2985:
2973:
2962:
2957:
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2885:
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2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2627:Malus rockii
2625:
2618:
2611:
2603:
2596:
2592:(Manchurian)
2586:
2579:
2572:
2562:
2552:
2545:
2538:
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2514:
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2497:
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2466:
2459:
2452:
2442:
2432:
2422:
2395:
2394:
2380:
2312:
2304:
2286:
2274:. Retrieved
2249:November 14,
2247:. Retrieved
2245:. Andrew Lea
2237:
2218:
2215:Rombauer, I.
2209:
2201:the original
2191:
2149:. New York:
2141:
2135:
2123:. Retrieved
2120:'Sun Rival'"
2117:
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2092:
2088:
2081:
2069:. Retrieved
2063:
2056:
2044:. Retrieved
2038:
2031:
2019:. Retrieved
2013:
2006:
1994:. Retrieved
1987:
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1962:
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1937:
1930:
1918:. Retrieved
1905:
1893:. Retrieved
1889:
1879:
1867:. Retrieved
1863:
1854:
1842:. Retrieved
1838:the original
1833:
1828:Biel, John.
1823:
1808:
1797:
1756:
1752:
1727:. Retrieved
1716:
1705:. Retrieved
1701:
1691:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1659:1995:606β607
1656:
1652:
1640:. Retrieved
1635:
1629:
1605:
1565:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1490:
1487:
1483:shrimp paste
1464:
1450:
1438:
1430:
1418:
1403:'Butterball'
1400:'Adirondack'
1386:
1374:
1363:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1311:
1302:
1292:
1283:
1277:
1267:
1261:
1252:
1247:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1210:
1201:
1185:Malus Γ zumi
1183:
1173:
1165:
1156:
1145:
1128:
1117:
1110:
1104:
1095:
1084:
1073:
1062:
1054:
1048:
1039:
1028:
1017:
1006:
995:
986:Malus rockii
984:
973:
962:
952:
942:
934:
924:
914:
904:
893:
882:
872:
861:
850:
840:
829:
818:
807:
796:
785:
775:
765:
754:
746:
735:
724:
713:
707:
689:
685:
673:
671:
653:
649:
601:
592:
590:
587:
564:
511:
492:zone of the
483:
388:
387:
386:
378:Holub (1998)
375:Γ Tormimalus
374:
366:
358:
350:
342:
334:
318:
299:
293:Type species
278:
277:
211:
198:
185:
172:
140:
53:
47:
3998:Fruit trees
3792:iNaturalist
3650:Wikispecies
3547:Flores mayo
3507:Wood violet
2608:(Caucasian)
2516:Malus fusca
2016:'Evereste'"
1671:Can. J. Bot
1642:17 December
1509:Old English
1443:compounds.
1426:'Sun Rival'
1366:pollinizers
1322:Cultivation
1316:Pleistocene
1233:M. asiatica
948:Hand.-Mazz.
820:Malus fusca
741:(L.) Borkh.
573:(typically
500:Description
479:wild apples
335:Chloromeles
244:Subfamily:
192:Angiosperms
3977:Categories
3810:30024474-2
3467:Red clover
3178:Bitterroot
2510:(Japanese)
2448:(Siberian)
2428:(Southern)
2341:, and the
1707:2024-05-02
1598:References
1461:malic acid
1409:'Evereste'
1353:rootstocks
1326:See also:
1237:M. toringo
1034:(L.) Mill.
760:(L.) Mill.
264:Subtribe:
18:Crab apple
3457:Sego lily
3389:Goldenrod
3327:Mistletoe
3198:Sagebrush
3188:Goldenrod
3106:Mayflower
3055:Goldenrod
3045:Sunflower
2748:Applecrab
2568:(Prairie)
2415:cultivars
2410:varieties
2381:Crabapple
2177:cite book
2169:277203364
1996:6 January
1789:247384781
1773:1672-9072
1533:hand saws
1475:condiment
1383:Cultivars
1379:culture.
1368:in apple
1134:N.G.Jiang
1025:- nokaidΕ
910:S.Z.Huang
698:Kamchatka
597:hybridize
490:temperate
460:deciduous
458:of small
367:Sinomalus
351:Eriolobus
319:See text
162:Kingdom:
3942:VicFlora
3931:VASCAN:
3924:40012934
3919:Tropicos
3714:eFloraSA
3635:Wikidata
3168:Hawthorn
3152:Tickseed
3147:Magnolia
3065:Magnolia
3015:Milkweed
2947:Tickseed
2840:Camellia
2771:Category
2389:(of the
2322:Archived
2125:25 March
2100:25 March
2071:25 March
2066:'Laura'"
2046:25 March
2021:25 March
1970:25 March
1945:25 March
1895:2 August
1869:2 August
1844:2 August
1781:35274452
1435:Toxicity
1370:orchards
1307:Pliocene
1297:Shanwang
958:Uglitzk.
771:Raimondo
682:Lutetian
599:freely.
591:Several
560:cultivar
550:, and a
471:Rosaceae
359:Prameles
326:Synonyms
313:Species
238:Rosaceae
234:Family:
205:Eudicots
3823:1272300
3771:3001068
3641:Q104819
3579:Italics
2781:Commons
2472:(Sweet)
2406:Species
2276:17 July
2093:robusta
1920:2 April
1539:Gallery
1512:Wergulu
1459:due to
1441:cyanide
1415:'Laura'
1288:Miocene
1140:Hybrids
1047:(syns.
704:Species
658:carpels
643:⁄
629:⁄
615:⁄
571:insects
544:perfect
536:corymbs
532:flowers
525:⁄
488:to the
456:species
450:) is a
343:Docynia
274:Genus:
268:Malinae
254:Tribe:
228:Rosales
224:Order:
166:Plantae
3893:PLANTS
3885:208026
3869:NZOR:
3758:119570
3745:119570
3693:121190
3667:192379
3664:APDB:
3374:Violet
3229:Violet
3011:Violet
2964:Azalea
2736:Topics
2225:
2167:
2157:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1729:12 Sep
1528:smoked
1493:pectin
1479:chilli
1377:bonsai
1257:Eocene
1248:After
1164:(syn.
1103:(syn.
990:Rehder
930:T.C.Ku
846:Rehder
835:Koehne
781:C.L.Li
678:Eocene
583:pollen
579:nectar
548:pollen
540:petals
514:leaves
486:native
467:shrubs
307:(1768)
258:Maleae
218:Rosids
3983:Malus
3898:MALUS
3836:25254
3818:IRMNG
3797:54500
3732:1MABG
3719:Malus
3680:59645
3656:Malus
3626:Malus
3025:Peony
2743:Apple
2558:(Tea)
2396:Malus
2391:genus
2313:Malus
2305:Malus
2118:Malus
2089:Malus
2064:Malus
2039:Malus
2014:Malus
1992:. RHS
1988:Malus
1963:Malus
1938:Malus
1914:(PDF)
1785:S2CID
1632:Mill"
1630:Malus
1592:Trunk
1505:cider
1501:jelly
1497:juice
1466:mΔlum
730:Nakai
674:Malus
662:seeds
604:fruit
593:Malus
475:apple
463:trees
452:genus
389:Malus
305:Mill.
285:Mill.
279:Malus
212:Clade
199:Clade
186:Clade
173:Clade
141:Malus
54:Malus
32:Apple
3934:1392
3906:POWO
3862:3749
3857:NCBI
3831:ITIS
3805:IPNI
3784:7215
3779:GRIN
3766:GBIF
3727:EPPO
3706:5KQ9
3688:BOLD
3675:APNI
3557:Maga
3415:Iris
3249:Rose
2413:and
2278:2008
2251:2013
2223:ISBN
2183:link
2165:OCLC
2155:ISBN
2127:2018
2102:2018
2073:2018
2048:2018
2023:2018
1998:2021
1972:2018
1947:2018
1922:2018
1897:2016
1871:2016
1846:2016
1777:PMID
1769:ISSN
1731:2013
1644:2023
1457:sour
1453:crop
1447:Uses
1209:(as
688:and
608:pome
602:The
581:and
575:bees
66:Preκ
42:and
3955:WFO
3844:NBN
3753:FoC
3740:FNA
3701:CoL
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3503:WI
3493:WV
3483:WA
3473:VA
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3443:TX
3436:WF
3428:,
3425:WF
3417:,
3411:TN
3401:SD
3394:WF
3386:,
3380:SC
3370:RI
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3255:NC
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3235:NM
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3204:NH
3194:NV
3184:NE
3174:MT
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3143:MS
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3118:,
3112:MI
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3092:MD
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3067:,
3061:LA
3051:KY
3041:KS
3031:IA
3021:IN
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3007:IL
2997:ID
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2921:CH
2913:,
2907:CT
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