31:
333:... When the Germans invaded Crete, their armies had just defeated the whole of Europe, except – thanks, perhaps, to the fluke of the Channel's existence – England. Logically the civilian population could have been expected to remain inactive while the professionals – the British Commonwealth and a small number of Greek troops – fought it out with the invaders. But to the great astonishment of both sides, all over the island bodies of Cretans – villagers, shepherds, old men, boys, monks and priests and even women, without any collusion between them or master plan or arms or guidance from the official combatants – rose up at once and threw themselves on the invaders with as little hesitation as if the German war machine were a Pasha's primitive expedition of Janissaries armed with long guns and scimitars. They had not a second doubt about what they should do ...
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389:... Dick Barne's messenger, when he arrived, turned out to be George Psychoundakis, who had first been Xan Fielding's guide and runner for a long time, then mine when I had taken over Xan's area in the west for several months. This youthful, Kim-like figure was a great favourite of everyone's, for his humour, high spirits, pluck and imagination and above all the tireless zest with which he threw himself into the task. If anybody could put a girdle round Crete in forty minutes, he could. George, who was a shepherd boy from
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2012:
137:) like the principal communist-led resistance movement on the mainland. The primary objective of the movement, on the one hand, was to support the Cretan people under occupation by boosting morale, providing information, and distributing food at a time of great deprivation (due to confiscations by the Germans and Italians), and on the other hand to undertake certain operations against the Germans, including a number of sabotage operations.
98:, until the spring of 1945 when they surrendered to the British. For the first time during World War II, attacking German forces faced in Crete a substantial resistance from the local population. In the Battle of Crete, Cretan civilians picked off paratroopers or attacked them with knives, axes, scythes, or even bare hands. As a result, many casualties were inflicted upon the invading German paratroopers during the battle.
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341:... "The German reasons for this onslaught were that these villages were all hotbeds of bandits, the haunts of the British, hiding places of terrorists, refuges for commandos attacking aerodromes and supply dumps, the hiding places for unnumbered weapons, and the supply point for hundreds of bad men." ...
457:
a number of villages in the Kedros area and executing many inhabitants, aiming to cow the
Cretans. Grouping their forces around Canea, the Germans remained trapped until the end of the war, refusing to surrender to the Greek army, for fear of retaliation. They eventually surrendered to the British on
421:
Most cells had a radio for communicating with Egypt through which information could be passed and requests made for parachute drops of food, clothing, supplies, and weapons. German troops constantly tried to locate the sites of radio transmissions, thus necessitating regular changes of location.
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133:, with an initial planning meeting on 31 May 1941. It brought together a number of different groups and leaders and was initially termed the PMK (Πατριωτικó Μέτωπο Κρήτης – Patriotic Front of Crete), but later changed the name to EAM (Εθνικó Απελευθερωτικó Μέτωπο –
410:, and John Androulakis. Zografakis, also known by his nom-de-guerre "Black Man," was a member of Force 133, the code name for SOE in Greece. Zografakis helped Leigh Fermor when he returned to Crete prior to the abduction of Kreipe in addition to the bombing of the
349:
forces in escaping from Crete, and secondly, when they worked together on acts of sabotage when Crete became a launching pad for German operations in Africa. This involved the
British agents who either remained on Crete or escaped and re-entered Crete, such as
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would have ended sooner and the SOE's operations would have been greatly curtailed. It was solely due to their cohesiveness, not found anywhere else in Europe, that the SOE was able to move about the island essentially at will:
899:), who was also in Crete on special service, tells of the admiration the Cretans had for Perkins: 'No other member of an Allied Mission was loved, respected and admired as was Kiwi (Perkins)', from D. M. Davin, Crete (part of
473:... "They'll burn them down one day. And what then? My house was burnt down four times by the Turks; let them burn it down for a fifth! And they killed scores of my families. Yet, here I am! Fill up your glasses! ...
401:
Attached to these cells were Greeks who otherwise tended to have no involvement with the main Cretan resistance movement, but worked very closely with the
British agents, such as Leigh Fermor's runner George Psychoundakis,
2459:
453:(ΕΛΑΣ), the military wing of EAM, in January 1945 at the siege of Retimo. As Cretan fighters became better armed and more aggressive in 1944, the German troops pulled out of rural areas, having
1226:'"Ανάθεμά σας Γερμανοί κι εκάψατε την Κρήτη": Αυτά είναι τα εγκλήματα της ναζιστικής Γερμανίας που ζητούν δικαίωση όπως τα κατέγραψε η πένα του Νίκου Καζαντζάκη', Agonaskritis.gr, 25 Μαΐου 2018
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soldiers who were trapped on Crete and for bringing in supplies and men to liaise with Cretan resistance fighters. The local
British intelligence officer and resistance co-ordinator
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After detailing how he heard German occupiers systematically blowing up every house in four villages, a
British observer offered this interpretation of German motivation:
45:
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3105:
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Nonetheless, Cretan bravery and courage instilled the island with a sense of triumph and willingness to overcome all odds. Leigh Fermor recounts an old villager of
381:
The
British formed a large number of isolated cells scattered throughout the mountains, with good communications, using runners, between them. One such runner was
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40:"Kandanos was destroyed in retaliation for the bestial ambush murder of a paratrooper platoon and a half-platoon of military engineers by armed men and women."
643:
477:
Leigh Fermor, while discussing the
Cretans with General Kreipe during Kreipe's abduction, summarised the Cretan's attitude to the German occupation as :
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378:, also known as "Kapetan Vasili" by locals became a legend for his courage, and after he was killed, the Cretans kept his grave covered with flowers.
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soldiers who were unable to be evacuated. Doundoulakis formed an underground organisation under the auspices of the SOE, along with his brother,
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204:, who had been instrumental in mobilizing and preparing the local clan chiefs, prior to the invasion, was executed by the Germans during the
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393:, later wrote of the occupation and the resistance movement. I translated it from his manuscript and it was published, under the title
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Spithouris
Manolis, attacked the armoured car with his rifle alone and survived the cannon shell strike to his belly during the
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from Great
Britain for his services and assisting in the evacuation and safety of British and Dominion stragglers from Crete.
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Richter, Heinz A., Operation Merkur. Die
Eroberung der Insel Kreta im Mai 1941, Rutzen, 2011, ISBN 978-3-04-470642-31
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313:(OSS), he handed off leadership of the organisation he initiated to Mikis Akoumianakis, son of the caretaker at
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The British agents, working with local resistance, were responsible for some famous operations including the
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Cretans and the Cretan resistance worked closely with the British, firstly when they aided the British and
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297:, along with guerrilla leader Manolis Bandouvas, would take refuge within the mountainous SOE hideouts of
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274:, whose SOE's code name was "Selfridge," and Manolis Bandouvas, whose code name was "Bo-peep".
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Leigh Fermor has said of the Cretan resistance that if it had not been for their resolve, the
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Communication between EOK and EAM was poor, with open hostility breaking out between EOK and
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240:. Doundoulakis' organisation led to two major accomplishments: the destruction of the
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Communication by boat with Egypt was established as a means of evacuating British and
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317:. Akoumianakis, known by his SOE code name "Minoan Mike," would later partake in the
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903:) (Wellington, Historical Publications Branch, 1953), p. 497. Accessed online at
117:
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continued his intelligence gathering. George Doundoulakis, John Androulakis, and
17:
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870:"Special operations agent in wartime Crete who became an unconventional bishop"
220:, made contact with civilians. He approached a young high school student named
2680:
2344:
1126:, Ch. 24, "The years of change," p. 262, Second Edition, Westview Press, 1994.
1576:
3314:
Defenders of Northern Greece (YVE)/Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO)
390:
385:. Leigh Fermor's description of Psychoundakis epitomized Cretan resistance:
298:
270:(EOK) (with Andreas Papadakis as leader). Other resistance figures included
217:
90:
1371:
Benaki Museum acquisition of Leigh Fermor's home in Kardamyli, Mani, Greece
301:. Leigh Fermor became renowned after the war in the British book and film,
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2429:
346:
309:
from Crete. Following Doundoulakis' exit from Crete to join the American
233:
225:
197:
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462:
314:
176:. Some of the movement's most famous moments included the abduction of
1342:
259:
in September 1942. After the war, George Doundoulakis was awarded the
2852:
2501:
2094:
1971:
1837:
1717:
901:
The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–1945
1401:
1436:
1383:
1057:
Ch. 3, Master Plans and Impending Adventures, p. 33, Xlibris, 2014
232:. He asked him to support SOE in hiding and assisting British and
77:
44:
3289:
3023:
3915:
3764:
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3055:
Organization for the Protection of the People's Struggle (OPLA)
2922:
2226:
1618:
1580:
1405:
129:
The Cretan resistance movement was formed very soon after the
27:
Anti-fascist resistance movement in Greece during World War II
1330:
1307:
1143:
678:
224:
after observing his keen knowledge as a Greek interpreter in
517:, which describes personal details during the course of the
68:) was a resistance movement against the occupying forces of
905:
https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Cret.html
3970:
Museum of the Battle of Crete and the National Resistance
180:
led by Leigh Fermor and Moss, the battle of Trahili, the
791:. New York: New York Review Books. pp. 12–17, 161.
244:
Airfield, orchestrated by the SOE along with his friend
1388:
34:
A German soldier in front of a sign erected after the
489:: "Yes, I see they are. There, Major, you have me."
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2126:
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2008:
1968:
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1920:
1907:
1869:
1834:
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1714:
1707:
1644:
1631:
1300:William Stanley Moss, Patrick Leigh Fermor (2005).
1136:William Stanley Moss, Patrick Leigh Fermor (2005).
671:William Stanley Moss, Patrick Leigh Fermor (2005).
485:: "The Cretans are all on our side, you know." ...
3060:Slavic-Macedonian National Liberation Front (SNOF)
1277:Abducting a General: the Kreipe Operation in Crete
1100:Abducting a General: the Kreipe Operation in Crete
1072:Abducting a General: the Kreipe Operation in Crete
1031:Abducting a General: the Kreipe Operation in Crete
978:Abducting a General: the Kreipe Operation in Crete
950:Abducting a General: the Kreipe Operation in Crete
922:Abducting a General: the Kreipe Operation in Crete
845:Abducting a General: the Kreipe Operation in Crete
817:Abducting a General: the Kreipe Operation in Crete
789:Abducting a General: the Kreipe Operation in Crete
748:Abducting a General: the Kreipe Operation in Crete
3036:Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA)
574:Kyriakopoulos, Victoria; Hellander, Paul (2005).
266:The non-communist wing was formed under the name
3065:Anti-Fascist Committee for a Free Germany (AKFD)
2805:Hellenic Socialist Patriotic Organisation (ESPO)
1074:. New York: New York Review Books. p. 144.
952:. New York: New York Review Books. p. 118.
750:. New York: New York Review Books. p. 100.
261:King's Medal for Courage in the Cause of Freedom
3045:United Panhellenic Organization of Youth (EPON)
1279:. New York: New York Review Books. p. 38.
924:. New York: New York Review Books. p. 69.
847:. New York: New York Review Books. p. 89.
819:. New York: New York Review Books. p. 89.
480:
1306:(Film). Crete: Archangel Films. Archived from
1142:(Film). Crete: Archangel Films. Archived from
677:(Film). Crete: Archangel Films. Archived from
88:, it lasted from 20 May 1941, when the German
1592:
1417:
140:Resistance in Crete involved figures such as
8:
650:. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. p. 278.
533:, George Tzitzikas, and other eyewitnesses.
435:airfield sabotages of Heraklion and Kastelli
3319:Panhellenic Union of Fighting Youths (PEAN)
980:. New York Review Books. pp. 159–160.
511:In 2005, a documentary was released titled
3923:
3912:
3785:
3775:
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3580:
3569:
3556:
3451:
3203:
2947:
2936:
2919:
2723:
2254:
2245:
2236:
2223:
2088:
1965:
1917:
1831:
1711:
1641:
1628:
1615:
1599:
1585:
1577:
1424:
1410:
1402:
733:, Ch. 19, Bene Factum Publishing Ltd, 2013
374:and Ralph Stockbridge. The New Zealander
3513:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling")
3372:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling")
3295:National Bands of Greek Guerrillas (EOEA)
1033:. New York Review Books. pp. 11–12.
212:, who had been appointed director of the
152:, Manolis Bandouvas, Antonis Grigorakis,
710:, Bloomington, IN: Xlibris, p. 33,
619:, Bloomington, IN: Xlibris, p. 42,
451:Ελληνικός Λαϊκός Απελευθερωτικός Στρατός
252:of a German convoy destined to resupply
116:
105:
76:by the residents of the Greek island of
29:
3344:Northern Epirus Liberation Front (MAVI)
3290:National Republican Greek League (EDES)
541:
1378:The Nazi Occupation of Crete 1941–1945
772:The Nazi Occupation of Crete 1941–1945
731:Sons of Odysseus: SOE Heroes in Greece
525:played. The film includes accounts by
289:, known to the Cretans as "Michalis",
4062:What Did You Do in the War, Thanasis?
3302:National and Social Liberation (EKKA)
3029:Greek People's Liberation Navy (ELAN)
3024:Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS)
366:, and Stephen Verney, John Houseman,
7:
3334:National Organization of Crete (ΕΟΚ)
3106:Protests against labour mobilization
1365:Crete: The Battle and the Resistance
1124:Crete: The Battle and the Resistance
648:Crete: The Battle and the Resistance
427:abduction of General Heinrich Kreipe
3523:Asopos Bridge (Operation "Washing")
1102:. New York: New York Review Books.
774:, p. 190, Praeger Publishers, 1995.
429:led by Leigh Fermor and Moss, the
307:abduction of German General Kreipe
150:Georgios Petrakis (Petrakogiorgis)
50:Massacre of civilians in Kondomari
25:
3019:Union of People's Democracy (ELD)
4097:1945 disestablishments in Greece
2428:
2355:
2259:
2163:
2128:
2093:
2045:
2010:
1970:
1871:
1836:
1775:
1716:
1621:1940–1941 Balkans Campaign
1458:Classical and Hellenistic period
868:Slee, Colin (23 November 2013).
285:. When Dunbabin was replaced by
3014:Socialist Party of Greece (SKE)
3009:Communist Party of Greece (KKE)
2703:Rescue of the Jews of Zakynthos
1053:Doundoulakis, H. and Gafni, G.
52:by German paratroopers in 1941.
2815:Greek National Socialist Party
2810:National Union of Greece (EEE)
2113:Central Macedonia Army Section
2108:Eastern Macedonia Army Section
1861:Western Macedonia Army Section
1241:Psychoundakis, George (1998).
1195:Psychoundakis, George (1998).
1164:Psychoundakis, George (1998).
1001:Psychoundakis, George (1998).
465:, after hearing of threats of
268:National Organization of Crete
1:
4092:1941 establishments in Greece
3530:Kidnapping of Heinrich Kreipe
248:, and the destruction by the
3392:Execution of Josef Salminger
2229:Occupation and collaboration
1384:Patrick Leigh Fermor Society
319:kidnapping of General Kreipe
311:Office of Strategic Services
3766:Liberation and road to the
3428:Expulsion of Cham Albanians
2686:Jewish cemetery of Salonica
2537:Cephalonia (Acqui Division)
551:Cretan Resistance 1941–1945
277:Both had their contacts in
188:of Heraklion and Kastelli.
4128:
3999:Captain Corelli's Mandolin
3955:Holocaust Museum of Greece
2591:Larissa concentration camp
2586:Haidari concentration camp
1800:Sebastiano Visconti Prasca
1608:Greece during World War II
1353:German war crimes in Crete
1343:German occupation of Crete
94:invaded the island in the
3960:Kalavryta Massacre Museum
3922:
3911:
3774:
3760:
3568:
3562:Greek government-in-exile
3555:
3172:5/42 Regiment dissolution
2935:
2918:
2696:Expropriation of property
2671:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
2235:
2222:
1627:
1614:
1443:
1055:Trained to be an OSS Spy,
450:
135:National Liberation Front
65:
4041:The 11th Day: Crete 1941
3796:National Bands Agreement
3657:Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
3442:British Military Mission
3050:National Solidarity (EA)
2619:Greek economy, 1941–1944
2333:Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller
2148:2nd New Zealand Division
1692:Italian spring offensive
1376:Kiriakopoulos, G. 1995.
1331:The 11th Day: Crete 1941
1303:The 11th Day: Crete 1941
1139:The 11th Day: Crete 1941
1005:. Penguin. p. 174.
708:Trained to be an OSS Spy
674:The 11th Day: Crete 1941
617:Trained to be an OSS Spy
519:Axis occupation of Crete
514:The 11th Day: Crete 1941
172:, Ralph Stockbridge and
3975:Thessaloniki War Museum
3667:Christodoulos Tsigantes
3662:Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos
3492:Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz
2153:6th Australian Division
1995:Konstantinos Bakopoulos
1741:Charalambos Katsimitros
1527:Great Cretan Revolution
1488:Second Byzantine period
549:Kokonas, Nikos (2004).
178:General Heinrich Kreipe
3151:Killing of Franz Krech
2898:Executions of Kokkinia
2784:Dionysios Papadongonas
2779:Ioannis Plytzanopoulos
2193:1st Parachute Division
1912:(April–May 1941)
1760:Dimitrios Papadopoulos
1478:First Byzantine period
907:(accessed 21/01/2012).
895:Captain John Stanley (
521:and the role that the
491:
475:
399:
343:
335:
126:
114:
53:
42:
4107:Crete in World War II
3876:Archbishop Damaskinos
3833:Percentages agreement
3259:Konstantinos Ventiris
2646:Occupation Reichsmark
2198:5th Mountain Division
2025:Henry Maitland Wilson
1851:8th Infantry Division
1498:Revolt of Saint Titus
1273:Leigh Fermor, Patrick
1096:Leigh Fermor, Patrick
1068:Leigh Fermor, Patrick
1027:Leigh Fermor, Patrick
974:Leigh Fermor, Patrick
946:Leigh Fermor, Patrick
918:Leigh Fermor, Patrick
841:Leigh Fermor, Patrick
813:Leigh Fermor, Patrick
785:Leigh Fermor, Patrick
744:Leigh Fermor, Patrick
471:
387:
376:Dudley "Kiwi" Perkins
339:
331:
120:
109:
84:. Part of the larger
48:
33:
4048:The Guns of Navarone
4013:Ill Met by Moonlight
3692:3rd Mountain Brigade
3487:George Psychoundakis
3472:Patrick Leigh Fermor
3136:Pinerolo disarmament
2734:Georgios Tsolakoglou
2143:1st Armoured Brigade
2135:British Commonwealth
2017:British Commonwealth
2000:Georgios Tsolakoglou
1746:Konstantinos Davakis
700:Doundoulakis, Helias
609:Doundoulakis, Helias
527:Patrick Leigh Fermor
495:Patrick Leigh Fermor
433:led by Moss and the
383:George Psychoundakis
352:Patrick Leigh Fermor
303:Ill Met by Moonlight
287:Patrick Leigh Fermor
184:led by Moss and the
146:George Psychoundakis
142:Patrick Leigh Fermor
4027:Ipolochagos Natassa
3871:Georgios Papandreou
3647:Emmanouil Tsouderos
3518:Operation "Animals"
3508:Operation "Albumen"
3229:Komninos Pyromaglou
3187:Red Terror (Greece)
3131:1943 Athens protest
3096:Gorgopotamos Bridge
2993:Evripidis Bakirtzis
2941:National Liberation
2836:Alcibiades Diamandi
2800:Security Battalions
2774:George S. Mercouris
2749:Sotirios Gotzamanis
2691:Baron Hirsch ghetto
2318:XXII Mountain Corps
2118:Epirus Army Section
1856:Epirus Army Section
1471:Crete and Cyrenaica
531:George Doundoulakis
499:Abducting a General
431:sabotage of Damasta
416:George Doundoulakis
408:George Doundoulakis
291:George Doundoulakis
238:Helias Doundoulakis
222:George Doundoulakis
182:sabotage of Damasta
3965:Kalpaki War Museum
3818:Lebanon Conference
3684:in the Middle East
3682:Greek Armed Forces
3672:Pafsanias Katsotas
3652:Sofoklis Venizelos
3339:Hellenic Army (ES)
3274:Kimonas Zografakis
3249:Vasileios Sachinis
3234:Antonis Fosteridis
3200:Non-EAM resistance
2865:Cham collaboration
2846:Vassilis Rapotikas
2769:Nikolaos Bourantas
2764:Friedrich Schubert
2739:K. Logothetopoulos
2389:Carlo Vecchiarelli
1990:Alexandros Papagos
1736:Alexandros Papagos
1336:2013-10-07 at the
770:Kiriakopoulos, G:
553:. Athens: Mystis.
404:Kimonas Zografakis
186:airfield sabotages
160:, Dudley Perkins,
127:
115:
54:
43:
38:. The sign reads:
36:razing of Kandanos
4102:Cretan Resistance
4079:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4070:
3992:Aera! Aera! Aera!
3950:Athens War Museum
3907:
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3891:Nikos Zachariadis
3843:Treaty of Varkiza
3828:Operation "Manna"
3823:Caserta Agreement
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3611:April 1944 mutiny
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3477:Bill Stanley Moss
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3387:Skala Paramythias
3264:Manolis Paterakis
3224:Dimitrios Psarros
3219:Georgios Kartalis
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2978:Alexandros Svolos
2958:Aris Velouchiotis
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2841:Nicolaos Matussis
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2279:Hermann Neubacher
2274:Günther Altenburg
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1636:(1940–1941)
1633:Greco-Italian War
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1389:Athens War Museum
1363:Beevor, A. 1994.
1286:978-1-59017-938-3
1258:978-0-14-027322-9
1244:The Cretan Runner
1212:978-0-14-027322-9
1198:The Cretan Runner
1181:978-0-14-027322-9
1167:The Cretan Runner
1109:978-1-59017-938-3
1081:978-1-59017-938-3
1040:978-1-59017-938-3
1003:The Cretan Runner
987:978-1-59017-938-3
959:978-1-59017-938-3
931:978-1-59017-938-3
854:978-1-59017-938-3
826:978-1-59017-938-3
798:978-1-59017-938-3
757:978-1-59017-938-3
717:978-1-4990-5983-0
657:978-0-698-15428-5
626:978-1-4990-5983-0
578:. Lonely Planet.
523:Cretan Resistance
395:The Cretan Runner
210:"Monty" Woodhouse
174:Bill Stanley Moss
164:, John Houseman,
66:Κρητική Αντίσταση
58:Cretan resistance
18:Cretan Resistance
16:(Redirected from
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3574:Greek government
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3535:Damasta sabotage
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2983:Ilias Tsirimokos
2973:Georgios Siantos
2963:Stefanos Sarafis
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640:Beevor, Antony
631:
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584:
566:
559:
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508:
505:
487:General Kreipe
479:
414:Airfield with
272:Petrakogiorgis
208:. After this,
193:
190:
156:, John Lewis,
103:
100:
26:
24:
14:
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10:
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3925:
3921:
3917:Commemoration
3914:
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3892:
3889:
3887:
3886:Angelos Evert
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
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3866:Ronald Scobie
3864:
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3730:13th Squadron
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3330:
3327:
3325:
3324:Prometheus II
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3307:5/42 Regiment
3305:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:Organizations
3281:
3275:
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3017:
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3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:Organizations
3000:
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2868:
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2866:
2863:
2859:
2858:Andon Kalchev
2856:
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2851:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2828:
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2824:Secessionists
2822:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
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2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:Organizations
2791:
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2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2663:The Holocaust
2660:
2652:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
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2627:
2626:
2625:
2622:
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2111:
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2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2065:Sepp Dietrich
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2030:Thomas Blamey
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1996:
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1960:
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1844:
1839:
1833:
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1826:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1810:Ugo Cavallero
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
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1788:
1787:
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1756:
1752:
1751:Markos Drakos
1749:
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1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1662:Korytsa/Korcë
1660:
1658:
1657:Elaia–Kalamas
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:World War II
1554:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
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1506:
1503:
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1495:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1466:Cretan League
1464:
1463:
1462:Roman period
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1448:Minoan period
1446:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1395:
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1374:
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1358:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1310:on 2013-10-07
1309:
1305:
1304:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1249:Penguin Books
1246:
1245:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1203:Penguin Books
1200:
1199:
1191:
1188:
1183:
1177:
1173:
1172:Penguin Books
1169:
1168:
1160:
1157:
1146:on 2013-10-07
1145:
1141:
1140:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1101:
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1063:
1060:
1056:
1050:
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1042:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1012:0-14-027322-0
1008:
1004:
997:
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989:
983:
979:
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969:
966:
961:
955:
951:
947:
941:
938:
933:
927:
923:
919:
913:
910:
906:
902:
898:
897:Royal Signals
892:
889:
877:
876:
871:
864:
861:
856:
850:
846:
842:
836:
833:
828:
822:
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808:
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800:
794:
790:
786:
780:
777:
773:
767:
764:
759:
753:
749:
745:
739:
736:
732:
729:Ogden, Alan.
726:
723:
719:
713:
709:
705:
701:
695:
692:
681:on 2013-10-07
680:
676:
675:
667:
664:
659:
653:
649:
645:
641:
635:
632:
628:
622:
618:
614:
610:
604:
601:
595:
592:
587:
585:1-74104-039-6
581:
577:
570:
567:
562:
560:9789930494950
556:
552:
545:
542:
536:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:
506:
503:
500:
496:
490:
488:
484:
478:
474:
470:
468:
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459:
458:23 May 1945.
456:
448:
445:
444:
438:
436:
432:
428:
423:
419:
417:
413:
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405:
398:
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308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
255:
254:Field Marshal
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
191:
189:
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175:
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167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
138:
136:
132:
124:
119:
112:
108:
101:
99:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
79:
75:
74:Fascist Italy
71:
63:
59:
51:
47:
41:
37:
32:
19:
4060:
4047:
4039:
4034:Mediterraneo
4032:
4025:
4011:
3997:
3990:
3850:White Terror
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3377:Agia Kyriaki
3367:ESPO bombing
3349:
3121:Sarantaporos
3091:Mikro Chorio
2831:Roman Legion
2676:Thessaloniki
2624:Great Famine
2612:exploitation
2467:Asen Sirakov
2385:Carlo Geloso
2380:Piero Parini
2329:Bruno Bräuer
2294:Army Group E
2188:Luftflotte 4
2070:Kurt Student
2060:Wilhelm List
1933:Metaxas Line
1815:Carlo Geloso
1805:Ubaldo Soddu
1682:Klisura Pass
1563:
1544:Cretan State
1398:
1377:
1364:
1312:. Retrieved
1308:the original
1302:
1295:
1276:
1267:
1242:
1236:
1221:
1196:
1190:
1165:
1159:
1148:. Retrieved
1144:the original
1138:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1099:
1090:
1071:
1062:
1054:
1049:
1030:
1021:
1002:
996:
977:
968:
949:
940:
921:
912:
900:
891:
879:. Retrieved
875:The Guardian
873:
863:
844:
835:
816:
807:
788:
779:
771:
766:
747:
738:
730:
725:
707:
694:
683:. Retrieved
679:the original
673:
666:
647:
634:
616:
603:
594:
575:
569:
550:
544:
512:
510:
498:
492:
486:
483:Leigh Fermor
482:
481:
476:
472:
460:
442:
439:
424:
420:
400:
394:
388:
380:
368:Xan Fielding
364:Sandy Rendel
360:Tom Dunbabin
344:
340:
336:
332:
323:
321:from Crete.
295:Leigh Fermor
276:
265:
257:Erwin Rommel
195:
166:Xan Fielding
162:Sandy Rendel
158:Tom Dunbabin
139:
128:
89:
82:World War II
70:Nazi Germany
57:
55:
39:
3838:Dekemvriana
3804: [
3779:Prelude to
3724:Papanikolis
3697:Sacred Band
3601:Wadi Akarit
3591:Mareth Line
3462:Eddie Myers
3111:Fardykambos
2943:Front (EAM)
2929:Free Greece
2875:Xhemil Dino
2649: [
2562:Kallikratis
2458: [
2446: [
2443:Ivan Markov
2402: [
2313:Hubert Lanz
2249:Leaders and
1948:Thermopylae
1672:Morava–Ivan
1532:1878 revolt
1522:1841 revolt
1483:Arab period
1228:; archived
1122:Beevor, A:
507:Documentary
228:during the
102:Development
4086:Categories
3813:Red Terror
3606:Dodecanese
3596:El Alamein
3501:Operations
3421:Atrocities
3360:Operations
3160:Atrocities
3146:Agorelitsa
3074:Operations
2925:Resistance
2893:Paramythia
2886:Atrocities
2719:government
2681:Zvi Koretz
2601:Chortiatis
2566:Kali Sykia
2480:Atrocities
2416:XXVI Corps
2345:Max Merten
1687:Trebeshina
1564:Resistance
1505:Cretan War
1314:2018-05-04
1247:. London:
1201:. London:
1170:. London:
1150:2018-05-04
881:27 January
685:2018-05-04
537:References
305:, for his
3781:Civil War
3768:civil war
3626:Santorini
3397:Xirovouni
3350:others...
3177:Meligalas
2581:Kleisoura
2542:Mesovouno
2527:Domenikon
2517:Lingiades
2512:Kalavryta
2497:Alikianos
2487:Kondomari
2394:11th Army
2240:Occupying
1891:11th Army
1357:translate
1347:translate
455:destroyed
397: ...
391:Asi Gonia
299:Mount Ida
218:Heraklion
113:in Crete.
91:Wehrmacht
3717:Katsonis
3576:in exile
2870:Këshilla
2636:DEGRIGES
2610:Economic
2492:Kandanos
2435:Bulgaria
2251:commands
1886:9th Army
1697:Hill 731
1334:Archived
1275:(2014).
1098:(2014).
1070:(2014).
1029:(2014).
976:(2014).
948:(2014).
920:(2014).
843:(2014).
815:(2014).
787:(2014).
746:(2014).
702:(2014),
642:(1994).
611:(2014),
501:, p. 38.
412:Kastelli
347:Dominion
242:Kastelli
234:Dominion
226:Archanes
198:Dominion
3943:Museums
3934:Ohi Day
3444: (
3402:Trahili
3101:Meritsa
2571:Anogeia
2557:Viannos
2552:Vorizia
2532:Drakeia
2522:Distomo
2507:Kommeno
2266:Germany
2170:Germany
2052:Germany
1962:Leaders
1921:Battles
1708:Leaders
1667:Saranda
1645:Battles
1433:History
463:Anogeia
315:Knossos
192:History
80:during
3927:Events
3859:People
3789:Events
3710:Adrias
3635:People
3616:Rimini
3455:People
3412:Dodona
3407:Menina
3329:Apollo
3207:People
3182:Kilkis
3141:Steiri
2951:People
2853:Ohrana
2727:People
2576:Kedros
2547:Pyrgoi
2502:Doxato
2242:powers
2100:Greece
1977:Greece
1843:Greece
1723:Greece
1677:Himara
1652:Pindus
1283:
1255:
1209:
1178:
1106:
1078:
1037:
1009:
984:
956:
928:
851:
823:
795:
754:
714:
654:
623:
582:
557:
497:,
281:, and
3808:]
3382:Milia
3116:Porta
2653:]
2462:]
2450:]
2406:]
2362:Italy
2084:Units
1953:Crete
1878:Italy
1828:Units
1782:Italy
1437:Crete
576:Crete
447:Greek
78:Crete
62:Greek
4054:film
4019:film
4005:film
3621:Symi
3086:Ryka
3038:and
2927:and
2629:GWRA
2564:and
2387:and
2331:and
1938:Vevi
1753:and
1281:ISBN
1253:ISBN
1230:here
1207:ISBN
1176:ISBN
1104:ISBN
1076:ISBN
1035:ISBN
1007:ISBN
982:ISBN
954:ISBN
926:ISBN
883:2015
849:ISBN
821:ISBN
793:ISBN
752:ISBN
712:ISBN
652:ISBN
644:"25"
621:ISBN
580:ISBN
555:ISBN
443:ELAS
72:and
56:The
3446:SOE
1435:of
704:"3"
613:"4"
283:SOE
279:EOK
250:RAF
216:in
214:SOE
4088::
3806:el
2651:el
2460:bg
2448:bg
2404:it
2327:,
1251:.
1205:.
1174:.
872:.
706:,
646:.
615:,
529:,
469::
449::
437:.
418:.
406:,
370:,
362:,
358:,
354:,
168:,
148:,
144:,
64::
3448:)
1600:e
1593:t
1586:v
1425:e
1418:t
1411:v
1359:)
1349:)
1317:.
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990:.
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885:.
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801:.
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588:.
563:.
125:.
60:(
20:)
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