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2214:"Furthermore he wrought a green, like that which Daedalus once made in Cnossus for lovely Ariadne. Hereon there danced youths and maidens whom all would woo, with their hands on one another's wrists. The maidens wore robes of light linen, and the youths well woven shirts that were slightly oiled. There was a bard also to sing to them and play his lyre, while two tumblers went about performing in the midst of them when the man struck up with his tune."
62:
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1190:; and some modern writers have theorized that prayers and devotions may have accompanied the perambulation of their intricate paths. Although some books (in particular guidebooks) suggest that the mazes on cathedral floors served as substitutes for pilgrimage paths, the earliest attested use of the phrase "chemin de Jerusalem" (path to Jerusalem) dates to the late 18th century when it was used to describe mazes at
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1380:(2003), and drawings by contemporary American artist Mo Morales employing what the artist calls "Labyrinthine projection." The Italian painter Davide Tonato has dedicated many of his artistic works to the labyrinth theme. In modern imagery, the labyrinth of Daedalus is often represented by a multicursal maze, in which one may become lost.
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1040:, the "Man in the Maze." The Tonoho O'odham pattern has two distinct differences from the classical: it is radial in design, and the entrance is at the top, where traditional labyrinths have the entrance at the bottom (see below). The earliest appearances cannot be dated securely; the oldest is commonly dated to the 17th century.
900:, accessed by a narrow crack but expanding into interlinking caverns. Unlike the Skotino cave, these caverns have smooth walls and columns, and appear to have been at least partially man-made. This site corresponds to a labyrinth symbol on a 16th-century map of Crete in a book of maps in the library of
1482:
The use of labyrinths has recently been revived in some contexts of
Christian worship. Many churches in Europe and North America have constructed permanent, typically unicursal, labyrinths, or employ temporary ones (e.g., painted on canvas or outlined with candles). For example, a labyrinth was set
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Starting in the late 20th century, there has been a resurgence of interest in labyrinths and a revival in labyrinth building, of both unicursal and multicursal patterns. Approximately 6,000 labyrinths have been registered with the
Worldwide Labyrinth Locator; these are located around the world in
597:
Although early Cretan coins occasionally exhibit branching (multicursal) patterns, the single-path (unicursal) seven-course "Classical" design without branching or dead ends became associated with the
Labyrinth on coins as early as 430 BC, and similar non-branching patterns became widely used as
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present various forms of the labyrinth and suggest various possible meanings, including not only a sacred path to the home of a sacred ancestor, but also, perhaps, a representation of the ancestor him/herself: "...many
Indians who make the labyrinth regard it as a sacred symbol, a beneficial
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in northern France. The symbolism or purpose behind these is unclear, and may have varied from one installation to the next. Descriptions survive of French clerics performing a ritual Easter dance along the path on Easter Sunday. Some labyrinths may have originated as allusions to the
944:. The structure, which may have been a collection of funerary temples such as are commonly found near Egyptian pyramids, was destroyed in antiquity and can only be partially reconstructed. During the nineteenth century, the remains of this ancient Egyptian structure were discovered at
1128:
The four-axis medieval patterns may have developed from the Roman model, but are more varied in how the four quadrants of the design are traced out. The
Minotaur or other danger is retained in the center of several medieval examples. The Chartres pattern (named for its appearance in
979:, reputed to be a contemporary of Daedalus, together with the historical mid-sixth-century BC architects and sculptors Rhoikos and Theodoros as two of the makers of the Lemnian labyrinth, which Andrew Stewart regards as "evidently a misunderstanding of the Samian temple's location
1430:
ancestor, a deity. In this they may be preserving its original meaning: the ultimate ancestor, here evoked by two continuous lines joining its twelve primary joints." Schuster also observes the common theme of the labyrinth being a refuge for a trickster; in India, the demon
1198:. The accompanying ritual, depicted in Romantic illustrations as involving pilgrims following the maze on their knees while praying, may have been practiced at Chartres during the 17th century. The cathedral labyrinths are thought to be the inspiration for the many
650:. Many labyrinths set in floors or on the ground are large enough that the path can be walked. Unicursal patterns have been used historically both in group ritual and for private meditation, and are increasingly found for therapeutic use in hospitals and hospices.
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visual representations of the
Labyrinth – even though both logic and literary descriptions make it clear that the Minotaur was trapped in a complex branching maze. Even as the designs became more elaborate, visual depictions of the mythological Labyrinth from the
778:
gives four examples of ancient labyrinths: the Cretan labyrinth, an
Egyptian labyrinth, a Lemnian labyrinth, and an Italian labyrinth. These are all complex underground structures, and this appears to have been the standard Classical understanding of the word.
1051:, but are difficult to date accurately. Securely datable examples begin to appear only around 250 BC. Early labyrinths in India typically follow the Classical pattern or a local variant of it; some have been described as plans of forts or cities.
1465:
Labyrinths have on various occasions been used in
Christian tradition as a part of worship. The earliest known example is from a fourth-century pavement at the Basilica of St Reparatus, at Orleansville, Algeria, with the words "Sancta Eclesia"
1448:
Many labyrinths have been constructed recently in churches, hospitals, and parks. These are often used for contemplation; walking among the turnings, one loses track of direction and of the outside world, and thus quiets the mind.
891:
geographer
Nicholas Howarth believes that "Evans's hypothesis that the palace of Knossos is also the Labyrinth must be treated sceptically." Howarth and his team conducted a search of an underground complex known as the
1394:, to mark the 150th anniversary of the Underground. The plaques were installed over a 16-month period in 2013 and 2014, and each is numbered according to its position in the route taken by the contestants in the 2009
995:
contained an underground maze. Pliny's description of the exposed portion of the tomb is intractable; Pliny, it seems clear, had not observed this structure himself, but is quoting the historian and Roman antiquarian
1412:
labyrinths may have served as traps for malevolent spirits or as paths for ritual dances. Many Roman and
Christian labyrinths appear at the entrances of buildings, suggesting that they may have served a similar
623:. As a result of the long history of unicursal representation of the mythological Labyrinth, however, many contemporary scholars and enthusiasts observe a distinction between the two. In this specialized usage,
1089:– a group of some 13 stone labyrinths on 0.4 km area of one small island. Local archaeologists have speculated that these labyrinths may be 2,000–3,000 years old, though most researchers remain dubious.
1172:
beneath the arena's missing floor. The full flowering of the medieval labyrinth came about from the twelfth through fourteenth centuries with the grand pavement labyrinths of the gothic cathedrals, notably
1105:
The 7-course "Classical" or "Cretan" pattern known from Cretan coins (ca 400–200 BC) appears in several examples from antiquity, some perhaps as early as the late Stone Age or early Bronze Age. Roman
884:, where young men and women, of the age of those sent to Crete as prey for the Minotaur, would dance together. By extension, in popular legend the palace is associated with the myth of the Minotaur.
1445:: people walking the path ascend toward salvation or enlightenment. Mystical teachings in traditions across centuries suggest that they can also be understood as coded maps of the spiritual path.
840:
1601:
is captured by the book's protagonist Tenar on his trip to the Kargish Empire – the spiritual power of the "Nameless Ones" is vested at least in part in the labyrinth. Australian author
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typically unite four copies of the classical labyrinth (or a similar pattern) interlinked around the center, squared off as the medium requires, but still recognisable. An image of the
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1475:
In medieval times, labyrinths began to appear on church walls and floors around 1000 AD. The most famous medieval labyrinth, with great influence on later practice, was created in
3264:, "The Geometry of History," Tessa Morrison, University of Newcastle, Australia. An attempt to extend Phillips's topological classification to more general unicursal labyrinths.
1225:. These labyrinths, generally in coastal areas, are marked out with stones, most often in the simple 7- or 11-course classical forms. They often have names which translate as "
695:
early in the 20th century, suggested that the ruins there inspired the story of the labyrinth, and since the double axe motif appears in the palace ruins, he asserted that
1811:
to patterns that involve choices of path is mentioned by Matthews (p. 2–3) as early as 1922, though he does not find the distinction useful and does not follow it himself.
521:
864:, the complexity of the architecture prompted him to suggest that the palace had been the Labyrinth of Daedalus. Evans found various bull motifs, including an image of
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has only a single path to the center. A labyrinth in this sense has an unambiguous route to the center and back and presents no navigational challenge.
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Labyrinths and mazes have been embraced by the video game industry, and countless video games include such a feature. For example, the 1994 video game
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depicts travelers trapped underground in Crete. Because a labyrinth can serve as a metaphor for situations that are difficult to be extricated from,
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1043:
Unsubstantiated claims have been made for the early appearance of labyrinth figures in India, such as a prehistoric petroglyph on a riverbank in
549:
646:, and in etchings on walls of caves or churches. The Romans created many primarily decorative unicursal designs on walls and floors in tile or
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904:. A map of the caves themselves was produced by the French in 1821. The site was also used by German soldiers to store ammunition during the
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an educational website about the science of pattern formation, spirals in nature, and spirals in the mythic imagination & labyrinths.
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1995:
Rouse criticised the association with Knossos, noting the reappearance of the same inscribed symbols at the newly discovered palace at
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draws heavily upon labyrinth legend for symbolism. A magical labyrinth appears in the third episode, "And The Horns of a Dilemma", of
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purportedly dating to circa 2500 BC. Other examples have been found among cave art in northern India and on a dolmen shrine in the
1570:
507:
1609:, in which the Labyrinth on Crete is one of several in the ancient world, created with the cities as a source of magical power.
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was entranced with the idea of the labyrinth, and used it extensively in his short stories (such as "The House of Asterion" in
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83:
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Miller, Paul Allen (July 1995). "The Minotaur Within: Fire, the Labyrinth, and Strategies of Containment in Aeneid 5 and 6".
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1244:, classic-form, medieval-form, pavement, turf, and basketry) at some time throughout most parts of the world, from Native
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features a labyrinth, called "the Pattern," which grants those who walk it the power to move between parallel worlds. In
3236:, Jo Edkins's Maze Page, an early website providing a clear overview of the territory and suggestions for further study.
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could be understood to mean "the house of the double axe". The same symbol, however, was discovered in other palaces in
1945:
3230:, British turf labyrinths by Marilyn Clark. Photos and descriptions of the surviving historical turf mazes in Britain.
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for a week in March 2000. Some conservative Christians disapprove of labyrinths, considering them pagan practices or "
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private properties, libraries, schools, gardens, and recreational areas, as well as famous temples and cathedrals.
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There are examples of labyrinths in many disparate cultures. The symbol has appeared in various forms and media (
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or winds in the labyrinth's coils might ensure a safe fishing expedition. There are also stone labyrinths on the
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A number of film, game, and music creations feature labyrinths. For instance, the avant-garde multi-screen film
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A design essentially identical to the 7-course "classical" pattern appeared in Native American culture, the
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Imeros, Journal for Culture and Technology, 5 (2005): 1. Athen: Foundation of the Hellenic World, 169–192.
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or an allusion to the legend of the Minotaur appears at the center of many of these mosaic labyrinths.
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epic. Lanka, the capital city of mythic Rāvana, is described as a labyrinth in the 1910 translation of
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refers to a complex branching multicursal puzzle with choices of path and direction, while a unicursal
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2470:, (c. 1030 AD), Edward C. Sachau (translator), Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, London, 1910
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origin whose derivation and meaning are uncertain. Maximillian Mayer suggested as early as 1892 that
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3270:– Archaeological site reconstruction and 3D diagrams based on the writings of Herodotus and Strabo.
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This article is about the elaborate maze-like labyrinth from Greek mythology. For other uses, see
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Over the same general period, some 500 or more non-ecclesiastical labyrinths were constructed in
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594:. Daedalus had so cunningly made the Labyrinth that he could barely escape it after he built it.
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has dominion over labyrinths, the trickster Djonaha lives in a labyrinth according to Sumatran
1085:, there have been preserved more than 30 stone labyrinths. The most remarkable monument is the
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Report of expedition to Hawara in 2008 in search of the lost Egyptian Labyrinth of Herodotus.
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1133:) is the most common medieval design; it appears in manuscripts as early as the 9th century.
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with descriptions, animations, links, and especially photos of (mostly European) labyrinths.
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1970:
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3191:, Maze classification, Extensive classification of labyrinths and algorithms to solve them.
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presents a search for meaning in a symbolic modern labyrinth. The well-received 2006 film
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1229:." They are thought to have been constructed by fishing communities: trapping malevolent
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Russell, W. M. S.; Claire Russell (1991). "English Turf Mazes, Troy, and the Labyrinth".
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Mayer, "Maximilian (1892). "Mykenische Beiträge. II. Zur mykenischen Tracht und Kultur".
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but concluded that it was formed naturally. Another contender is a series of tunnels at
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applies the term "labyrinth" to a building complex in Egypt "near the place called the
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1822:
570:) was an elaborate, confusing structure designed and built by the legendary artificer
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Labirinti Vegetali, la guida completa alle architetture verdi dei cinque continenti
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1472:] at the center, though it is unclear how it might have been used in worship.
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876:, it has been suggested that the palace was the site of a dancing-ground made for
2961:
The Sacred Path Companion: A Guide to Walking the Labyrinth to Heal and Transform
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1850:
1644:
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1579:, predominantly take place within the labyrinth of Daedalus, which has followed
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In the 2000s, archaeologists explored other potential sites of the labyrinth.
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3114:, "Racing in the labyrinth? About some inner contradictions of running." In:
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Online version from Columbia University Libraries (Retrieved 5 December 2009)
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are almost invariably unicursal. Branching mazes were reintroduced only when
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with diagrams and photos of virtually all the public labyrinths in Germany.
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The Idea of the Labyrinth: from Classical Antiquity through the Middle Ages
1649:
1062:" in reference to an impregnable battle formation described in the ancient
1037:
3182:
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Walking a Sacred Path: Rediscovering the Labyrinth as a Spiritual Practice
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The Pyramids: The Mystery, Culture and Science of Egypt's Great Monuments
1996:
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displaying the 7-course "Classical" design to represent the Labyrinth,
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2937:. (This is an English translation of Kern's original German monograph
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The maze and the warrior: symbols in architecture, theology, and music
1982:
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908:. Howarth's investigation was shown on a documentary produced for the
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1237:, although none is known to date from before the nineteenth century.
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3242:, "Die Kretische Labyrinth-Höhle" by Thomas M. Waldmann, rev. 2009
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Patterns that Connect: Social Symbolism in Ancient & Tribal Art
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Patterns that Connect: Social Symbolism in Ancient & Tribal Art
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1974:
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of unicursal labyrinth designs, one for every tube station in the
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Sarullo, Giulia (2008). "The Cretan Labyrinth: Palace or Cave?".
1074:(c. 1030 AD) p. 306 (with a diagram on the following page).
3197:, Lars O. Heintel's collection of handdrawn labyrinths and mazes
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The Lenten Labyrinth: Daily Reflections for the Journey of Lent
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National Geographic Channel: The Holy Grail (and the Minotaur)
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1044:
3179:– Spiritual labyrinth organization founded by Lauren Artress.
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2099:
KRHTH TIS GAI ESTI: Studi e ricerche intorno ai testi minoici
2080:
KRHTH TIS GAI ESTI: Studi e ricerche intorno ai testi minoici
2078:
Aspesi, Francesco (1996). "Greco labyrinthos, ebraico dbîr".
1918:
1417:
purpose. In their cross-cultural study of signs and symbols,
790:
3246:. Description of a labyrinthine artificial cave system near
3250:, Crete, widely considered the original labyrinth on Crete.
3185:, Through Mazes to Mathematics, Exposition by Tony Phillips
3176:
3106:
One Hundred Greek Sculptors: Their Careers and Extant Works
2742:"Tube celebrates 150th birthday with labyrinth art project"
2538:
Through the Labyrinth: Designs and Meaning Over 5,000 Years
2362:
One Hundred Greek Sculptors: Their Careers and Extant Works
2112:
Kern, Hermann (2000). "Chapter III: Ancient "Labyrinths"".
1902:
Jahrbuch des Kaiserlich deutschen archäologischen Instituts
1503:
features many maze-like passages the player must navigate.
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texts from the 17th century onward. They are often called "
872:
carved into the walls. On the strength of a passage in the
561:
956:
at the foot of the pyramid of the twelfth-dynasty pharaoh
758:, both of which are associated with caverns. Caverns near
2730:(edited by Renzo Margonari), Grafiche Aurora, Verona 1988
2169:. Perseus Digital Library. Tufts University. xviii.590–3.
1630:, describing the Mexican condition as orphaned and lost.
3253:
3210:
2676:"The Pandemic-Era Appeal of Getting Lost in a Labyrinth"
1587:
used an underground labyrinth in the second book of her
1101:"Classical" or "Cretan" design, well-known in antiquity.
789:
speculative, and suggests instead a relation with Greek
762:, the Cretan capital in the 1st century AD, were called
2649:
Saward, Jeff (2003). "Chapter 6: The Modern Revival".
718:
The association with "labrys" lost some traction when
711:
the double axe is not a weapon and always accompanies
3033:
The Labyrinth: Symbol of Fear, Rebirth and Liberation
2116:. Munich, New York, London: Prestel. pp. 57–65.
733:
727:
2814:
2812:
3086:
Mazes and Labyrinths: Their History and Development
2929:, ed. Robert Ferré and Jeff Saward, Prestel, 2000,
1605:incorporated some labyrinthine ideas in her series
107:
Theseus slays the Minotaur under the gaze of Athena
2976:
1539:). His use of it has inspired other authors (e.g.
3026:Dionysos: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life
2772:Labyrinth: A Journey Through London's Underground
2536:Kern, Hermann (2000). "VIII. Church Labyrinths".
27:Elaborate, confusing structure in Greek mythology
2521:The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity
2417:
2415:
2229:
2227:
3006:, Newly translated and with an introduction by
2819:Schuster, Carl, & Edmund Carpenter (1996).
1438:, and Europeans say it is the home of a rogue.
3349:Words and phrases derived from Greek mythology
2703:"Welcome to the World-Wide Labyrinth Locator!"
2531:
2529:
2331:. New York: Thames & Hudson. p. 181.
1279:The labyrinth is also treated in contemporary
2093:Aspesi, Francesco (1996). "Lineare A (-)da-pu
722:was deciphered in the 1950s, and an apparent
515:
8:
3089:, Longmans, Green & Co., 1922. Includes
2843:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2496:"Labyrinthos Archive – The First Labyrinths"
1054:Labyrinths appear in Indian manuscripts and
634:Unicursal labyrinths appeared as designs on
590:, the monster eventually killed by the hero
2519:"quod nunc Harena dicitur": Roberto Weiss,
1937:
1935:
1461:Walking the labyrinth at Chartres Cathedral
1441:One can think of labyrinths as symbolic of
1087:Stone labyrinths of Bolshoi Zayatsky Island
2860:Follow Your Heart: The Map to Illumination
2054:
2052:
738:). This may be related to the Minoan word
522:
508:
78:
3146:, Ed. Pendragon, 2020; ISBN 9788833642222
2593:. Harvard University Press. p. 210.
2582:
2580:
1920:Λυδοὶ γάρ 'λάβρυν' τὸν πέλεκυν ὀνομάζουσι
2236:"Has the original Labyrinth been found?"
2028:Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B
1879:. New York: Pantheon. pp. 184–187.
1774:. New York: Pantheon. pp. 113–124.
1456:
844:Theseus in the Minotaur's labyrinth, by
3244:(in German, English, French, and Greek)
2010:Die Geschichte der Griechische Religion
1711:
1681:
610:became popular during the Renaissance.
437:
154:
113:
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54:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
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2306:. New York: Grove Press. p. 430.
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866:a man leaping over the horns of a bull
3339:Subterranean buildings and structures
2862:. Living Heart Media. pp. 9–13.
1700:
1583:to settle beneath the United States.
1120:The four-axis pattern as executed in
940:", that he considered to surpass the
726:rendering of "labyrinth" appeared as
7:
3093:. Dover Publications reprint, 1970,
2983:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
2573:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2436:"Festival on Labyrinth and Symmetry"
2217:The Iliad: Transl, by Samuel Butler:
1718:
960:(reigned c. 1860 BC to c. 1814 BC).
3125:, Forest of Peace Publishing, 1994.
3042:, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1990.
3038:Adrian Fisher & Georg Gerster,
3028:, Princeton University Press, 1976.
2042:The Ancient Greeks. An introduction
3279:Video and annotation on labyrinths
3116:Athletics, Society & Identity.
1959:"The Double Axe and the Labyrinth"
1573:, the events of the fourth novel,
1148:, about 1750, Jean Baptiste Rigaud
1137:Medieval labyrinths and turf mazes
836:, and two of her female attendants
25:
2561:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
2044:. Oxford University Press.p. 227
1944:. Oxford University Press p.116.
1571:Percy Jackson & the Olympians
1004:Ancient labyrinths outside Europe
986:
963:
2858:Bair, Puran and Susanna (2011).
2823:. Harry N. Abrams. p. 307.
2622:(1). Taylor and Francis: 77–88.
2234:Steve Connor (16 October 2009).
2142:Etymological Dictionary of Greek
1248:and South America to Australia,
491:
480:
100:
2740:Brown, Mark (7 February 2013).
2012:. C.F.Beck Verlag Vol I, p. 277
1942:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
860:was excavated by archaeologist
750:tablets and in connection with
586:. Its function was to hold the
2941:published by Prestel in 1982.)
2896:Mark Tooley (September 2000).
2884:Labyrinths and Prayer Stations
1528:for a further list of titles.
1270:Grace Cathedral, San Francisco
1202:in the UK, such as survive at
679:word for "double-bladed axe".
1:
2904:. The Fellowship of St. James
2882:Ian Tarrant and Sally Dakin,
2674:Bliss, Laura (29 July 2020).
2628:10.1080/0015587x.1991.9715807
1168:"; perhaps he was seeing the
868:, as well as depictions of a
785:also finds the relation with
715:or women and not a male god.
617:is generally synonymous with
70:
3319:Locations in Greek mythology
3173:, an international directory
3171:World-Wide Labyrinth Locator
3139:, Harry N. Abrams, NY, 1996.
2975:Doob, Penelope Reed (1992).
2728:Labyrinth of Transformations
2707:World-Wide Labyrinth Locator
1012:Carving showing the warrior
975:(36.90) lists the legendary
728:
562:
1963:Journal of Hellenic Studies
1946:Oxford Classical Dictionary
1693:[labýrintʰos]
1621:titled his book on Mexican
1597:, in which the series hero
1576:The Battle of the Labyrinth
1323:Friedensreich Hundertwasser
1160:before 1310, he noted the "
910:National Geographic Channel
3365:
3072:, Mitchell Beazley, 2002,
2653:. Gaia. pp. 179–208.
1919:
1875:McCullough, David (2004).
1770:McCullough, David (2004).
1526:Labyrinth (disambiguation)
919:
791:
734:
548:
547:
32:Labyrinth (disambiguation)
29:
2587:Wright, Craig M. (2001).
2302:Verner, Miroslav (2001).
1758:The Idea of the Labyrinth
1627:The Labyrinth of Solitude
1036:labyrinth which features
987:Pliny's Italian labyrinth
964:Pliny's Lemnian labyrinth
487:Ancient Greece portal
471:List of Mycenaean deities
3057:, Gaia Books Ltd, 2003,
1957:Rouse, W. H. D. (1901).
1549:, Mark Z. Danielewski's
1164:which is now called the
1152:When the early humanist
991:According to Pliny, the
3201:Begehbare-labyrinthe.de
2963:, Penguin Books, 2006,
2948:, Penguin Books, 1995,
2806:, 2004, Vol. 2, p. 164.
2283:, Book II, pp. 160–161.
1747:, 2000, item 50, p. 54.
1734:, 2000, item 43, p. 53.
1562:The Chronicles of Amber
2258:1 January 2011 at the
2144:. Brill. p. 819.
2040:Stephanie Lynn Buden.
2008:Martin Nilsson (1967):
1823:"Mazes or Labyrinths?"
1807:The usage restricting
1462:
1272:
1268:Labyrinth on floor of
1149:
1125:
1102:
1029:
916:The Egyptian labyrinth
849:
837:
466:Ancient Greek religion
76:
42:This article contains
3166:The Labyrinth Society
3157:Saward, Jeff (2012).
2927:Through the Labyrinth
2570:Catholic Encyclopedia
2394:Saward, Jeff (2003).
2329:The Complete Pyramids
2327:Lehner, Mark (2008).
2114:Through the Labyrinth
1855:The Labyrinth Society
1796:Through the Labyrinth
1745:Through the Labyrinth
1732:Through the Labyrinth
1702:[laˈvirinθos]
1581:the heart of the West
1531:The Argentine writer
1460:
1419:Patterns that Connect
1396:Guinness World Record
1386:has created a set of
1370:Atlantis Anamorphosis
1267:
1144:
1119:
1100:
1034:Tohono O'odham people
1011:
902:Christ Church, Oxford
843:
811:
613:In English, the term
375:Ancient Olympic Games
64:
3055:Labyrinths and Mazes
3008:Aubrey de Sélincourt
2651:Labyrinths and Mazes
2483:Labyrinths and Mazes
2454:Labyrinths and Mazes
2423:Labyrinths and Mazes
2398:. Gaia. p. 70.
2396:Labyrinths and Mazes
2281:Aubrey de Sélincourt
1877:The Unending Mystery
1772:The Unending Mystery
1756:Penelope Reed Doob,
1546:The Name of the Rose
1093:Labyrinth as pattern
993:Tomb of Lars Porsena
822:Zeugma Mosaic Museum
683:, who excavated the
416:Calydonian boar hunt
363:Eleusinian Mysteries
3040:The Art of the Maze
2902:Touchstone Magazine
2500:www.labyrinthos.net
2442:. 9 September 2013.
2182:Classical Philology
2097:-re: un'ipostesi".
1485:St Paul's Cathedral
1483:up on the floor of
1335:Logological Cabinet
1283:. Examples include
1154:Benzo d'Alessandria
1022:Hoysaleswara temple
795:('narrow street').
742:, which appears in
3268:Labyrinth of Egypt
3161:. Labyrinthos.net.
3031:Helmut Jaskolski,
2101:. Roma: Il Calamo.
2082:. Roma: Il Calamo.
1851:"About Labyrinths"
1615:The Dark Labyrinth
1594:The Tombs of Atuan
1559:'s fantasy series
1477:Chartres Cathedral
1463:
1392:London Underground
1388:270 enamel plaques
1358:Richard Fleischner
1273:
1150:
1146:Chartres Cathedral
1131:Chartres Cathedral
1126:
1122:Chartres Cathedral
1103:
1083:Solovetsky Islands
1030:
938:City of Crocodiles
926:In Book II of his
922:Labyrinth of Egypt
850:
846:Edward Burne-Jones
838:
799:Ancient labyrinths
669:might derive from
155:Heroes and heroism
77:
44:special characters
3228:Indigogroup.co.uk
3213:, German website
3035:, Shambala, 1997.
2830:978-0-8109-6326-9
2802:Ruth Mellinkoff,
2600:978-0-674-00503-7
2564:"Labyrinth"
2547:978-3-7913-2144-8
2440:9th ISIS Congress
2292:Kern 2000, p. 59.
2151:978-90-04-17418-4
2030:. Deaditerranean.
2024:"da-pu2-ri-to-jo"
1585:Ursula K. Le Guin
1555:). Additionally,
1533:Jorge Luis Borges
1405:Cultural meanings
1260:Modern labyrinths
1081:, notably on the
1049:Nilgiri Mountains
889:Oxford University
880:by the craftsman
818:Zeugma, Commagene
707:observed that in
560:
532:
531:
65:Silver coin from
50:rendering support
16:(Redirected from
3356:
3304:History of Crete
3245:
3223:
3216:
3206:
3195:Irrgartenwelt.de
3162:
3133:Edmund Carpenter
3112:Henning Eichberg
3104:Andrew Stewart,
3083:W. H. Matthews,
2994:
2982:
2959:Lauren Artress,
2944:Lauren Artress,
2914:
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2358:
2352:
2351:Matthews, p. 13.
2349:
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2293:
2290:
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2279:, translated by
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1611:Lawrence Durrell
1509:In the Labyrinth
1427:Edmund Carpenter
906:Second World War
804:Cretan labyrinth
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18:Cretan labyrinth
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3299:Garden features
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3240:Gottesformel.ch
3234:Theedkins.co.uk
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2804:Averting Demons
2801:
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2783:
2767:Wallinger, Mark
2765:
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2378:Natural History
2374:Pliny the Elder
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2260:Wayback Machine
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2240:The Independent
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2022:Raymoure, K.A.
2021:
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1926:Greek Questions
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1552:House of Leaves
1515:Pan's Labyrinth
1497:
1455:
1407:
1362:Chain Link Maze
1262:
1235:Isles of Scilly
1139:
1095:
1006:
989:
973:Natural History
969:Pliny the Elder
966:
954:Flinders Petrie
924:
918:
806:
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775:Natural History
724:Mycenaean Greek
656:
536:Greek mythology
528:
492:
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93:Greek mythology
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59:
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48:Without proper
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3255:Spiralzoom.com
3251:
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3208:
3198:
3192:
3186:
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3163:
3152:
3151:External links
3149:
3148:
3147:
3142:Ettore Selli,
3140:
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3102:
3081:
3066:
3051:
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2925:Hermann Kern,
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2869:978-0983303800
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2681:Bloomberg News
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2485:, pp. 148–149.
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2194:10.1086/367466
2188:(3): 225–240.
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2138:Beekes, Robert
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1521:The Librarians
1496:
1495:Usage in media
1493:
1454:
1451:
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1399:Tube Challenge
1384:Mark Wallinger
1308:Minotauromachy
1289:Pier and Ocean
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1216:Saffron Walden
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3159:"Labyrinthos"
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3129:Carl Schuster
3127:
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3121:Edward Hays,
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3099:0-486-22614-X
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3078:1-84000-573-4
3075:
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3070:Magical Paths
3068:Jeff Saward,
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3063:1-85675-183-X
3060:
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3053:Jeff Saward,
3052:
3049:
3048:0-297-83027-9
3045:
3041:
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3034:
3030:
3027:
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3020:
3017:
3016:Penguin Books
3013:
3012:Harmondsworth
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3005:
3004:
3003:The Histories
2999:
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2990:0-80142-393-7
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2782:9781908970169
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2775:. Art Books.
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2062:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2046:
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2037:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1928:
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1915:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1868:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1831:
1824:
1821:Jeff Saward.
1817:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1791:
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1783:
1777:
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1638:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1607:The Troy Game
1604:
1603:Sara Douglass
1600:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1557:Roger Zelazny
1554:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1459:
1453:Christian use
1452:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1423:Carl Schuster
1420:
1416:
1411:
1404:
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1400:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1331:Jean Dubuffet
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1303:Pablo Picasso
1300:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1285:Piet Mondrian
1282:
1277:
1271:
1266:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1252:, India, and
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
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1159:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1124:(early 1200s)
1123:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1107:floor mosaics
1099:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1041:
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1035:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1016:entering the
1015:
1010:
1003:
1001:
999:
994:
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
961:
959:
958:Amenemhat III
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
930:
923:
915:
913:
911:
907:
903:
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842:
835:
831:
827:
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788:
784:
780:
777:
776:
771:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
730:
725:
721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
685:Minoan palace
682:
678:
674:
673:
668:
664:
661:is a word of
660:
653:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
621:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
568:
566:
558:
551:
545:
544:Ancient Greek
541:
537:
525:
520:
518:
513:
511:
506:
505:
503:
502:
499:
488:
478:
477:
472:
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449:
447:
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429:
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424:
421:
417:
414:
413:
412:
409:
407:
404:
400:
397:
396:
395:
392:
388:
387:Centauromachy
385:
384:
383:
380:
376:
373:
372:
371:
368:
364:
361:
360:
359:
356:
354:
351:
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234:
231:
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:Golden Fleece
219:
218:
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209:
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120:
119:
118:
117:
112:
108:
103:
99:
98:
95:
89:
85:
81:
80:
74: 400 BC
68:
63:
55:
51:
47:
45:
37:
33:
19:
3254:
3222:(in English)
3189:Astrolog.org
3143:
3136:
3122:
3115:
3105:
3091:bibliography
3085:
3069:
3054:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3022:Karl Kerenyi
3001:
2978:
2960:
2945:
2938:
2926:
2906:. Retrieved
2901:
2898:"Maze Craze"
2891:
2883:
2878:
2859:
2853:
2820:
2803:
2798:
2786:. Retrieved
2771:
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2746:The Guardian
2745:
2735:
2727:
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2706:
2697:
2685:. Retrieved
2679:
2669:
2650:
2644:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2589:
2568:
2556:
2537:
2520:
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2499:
2490:
2482:
2477:
2467:
2461:
2456:, pp. 60–61.
2453:
2448:
2439:
2430:
2422:
2395:
2389:
2377:
2369:
2361:
2356:
2347:
2328:
2322:
2303:
2297:
2288:
2274:
2266:
2248:
2239:
2210:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2160:
2141:
2132:
2113:
2107:
2098:
2088:
2079:
2073:
2064:
2060:
2041:
2036:
2027:
2017:
2009:
2004:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1941:
1929:, 45 2.302a.
1924:
1923:, Plutarch,
1914:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1876:
1870:
1860:18 September
1858:. Retrieved
1854:
1845:
1833:. Retrieved
1829:
1816:
1808:
1803:
1795:
1790:
1771:
1765:
1760:, pp. 40–41.
1757:
1752:
1744:
1739:
1731:
1726:
1721:, p. 36
1714:
1684:
1625:
1614:
1592:
1574:
1567:Rick Riordan
1560:
1550:
1544:
1536:
1530:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1498:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1464:
1447:
1440:
1418:
1408:
1382:
1377:
1374:Dmitry Rakov
1369:
1366:István Orosz
1361:
1353:
1342:
1339:Richard Long
1334:
1326:
1316:
1313:M. C. Escher
1306:
1296:
1288:
1278:
1274:
1239:
1220:
1169:
1161:
1151:
1127:
1104:
1076:
1071:
1053:
1042:
1031:
1017:
990:
980:
972:
967:
950:Faiyum Oasis
927:
925:
894:Skotino cave
886:
873:
862:Arthur Evans
851:
824:) depicting
820:(now in the
814:Roman mosaic
786:
781:
774:
768:
763:
739:
729:da-pu₂-ri-to
717:
696:
681:Arthur Evans
670:
666:
658:
657:
633:
628:
624:
618:
614:
612:
596:
564:
539:
533:
343:
320:Golden apple
302:
201:
106:
41:
36:
3215:(in German)
3205:(in German)
3014:, England,
2908:29 December
2712:23 November
2540:. Prestel.
2466:Al-Beruni,
2382:xxxvi.91–92
2364:, "Smilis."
1969:: 268–274.
1835:28 December
1830:Labyrinthos
1645:Celtic maze
1619:Octavio Paz
1541:Umberto Eco
1410:Prehistoric
1242:petroglyphs
1223:Scandinavia
1162:Laberinthum
1064:Mahabharata
1060:Chakravyuha
1018:chakravyuha
764:labyrinthos
752:Mount Dikte
667:labyrinthos
608:hedge mazes
604:Renaissance
565:Labúrinthos
358:Triptolemus
281:Bellerophon
3294:Labyrinths
3288:Categories
3262:Sanu.ac.rs
3183:Sunysb.edu
2939:Labyrinthe
2920:References
2751:9 February
2660:1579905390
2505:10 January
2405:1579905390
2123:3791321447
1886:0375423060
1781:0375423060
1569:'s series
1466: [
1443:pilgrimage
1415:apotropaic
1354:Earth Maze
1350:Joe Tilson
1318:Relativity
1212:Alkborough
1200:turf mazes
1196:Saint-Omer
981:en limnais
920:See also:
854:Bronze Age
828:, his son
602:until the
550:λαβύρινθος
461:Demogorgon
394:Amphitryon
315:Hippomenes
190:Trojan War
122:Primordial
3219:Mymaze.de
3211:Mymaze.de
3177:Veriditas
2998:Herodotus
2839:cite book
2788:7 January
2271:Herodotus
2202:161753794
2061:Caerdroia
1999:(p. 273).
1991:164124200
1719:Doob 1992
1670:Corn Maze
1640:Caerdroia
1537:The Aleph
1378:Labyrinth
1346:sculpture
1344:Connemara
1327:Labyrinth
1298:Labyrinth
1293:Joan Miró
1281:fine arts
1227:Troy Town
1188:Holy City
1079:White Sea
1068:Al-Beruni
1014:Abhimanyu
934:Herodotus
929:Histories
852:When the
756:Mount Ida
740:du-pu₂-re
713:goddesses
697:labyrinth
663:pre-Greek
659:Labyrinth
654:Etymology
629:labyrinth
615:labyrinth
600:Roman era
574:for King
557:romanized
540:Labyrinth
406:Narcissus
382:Pirithous
303:Labyrinth
216:Argonauts
132:Olympians
3329:Minotaur
3314:Land art
3203:Website
2769:(2014).
2616:Folklore
2523:1969:25.
2481:Saward,
2452:Saward,
2425:, p. 60.
2421:Saward,
2256:Archived
2140:(2009).
2067:: 31–40.
1997:Phaistos
1798:, p. 23.
1689:Ancient:
1665:Oxkintok
1634:See also
1623:identity
1591:series,
1589:Earthsea
1501:Marathon
1491:" fads.
1372:(2000),
1364:(1978),
1356:(1975),
1348:(1971),
1337:(1970),
1329:(1957),
1321:(1953),
1311:(1935),
1301:(1923),
1291:(1915),
1175:Chartres
1170:cubiculi
1156:visited
1111:Minotaur
1026:Halebidu
942:pyramids
882:Daedalus
856:site at
834:Pasiphaë
832:, Queen
826:Daedalus
748:libation
744:Linear A
735:𐀅𐀢𐀪𐀵
720:Linear B
644:body art
640:basketry
588:Minotaur
572:Daedalus
451:Centaurs
411:Meleager
353:Phaethon
310:Atalanta
298:Daedalus
274:Minotaur
197:Odysseus
185:Diomedes
175:Achilles
163:Heracles
147:Chthonic
84:a series
82:Part of
3344:Theseus
3334:Rituals
3309:Knossos
3018:, 1965.
2687:30 July
2636:1260358
2167:"Iliad"
2165:Homer.
1698:Modern:
1660:Mizmaze
1489:New Age
1077:By the
1056:Tantric
1028:, India
948:in the
878:Ariadne
858:Knossos
760:Gortyna
705:Nilsson
689:Knossos
636:pottery
592:Theseus
584:Knossos
559::
456:Dragons
438:Related
428:Amazons
291:Chimera
286:Pegasus
269:Theseus
262:Orphism
257:Orpheus
245:Oedipus
228:Perseus
203:Odyssey
168:Labours
114:Deities
67:Knossos
3248:Gortyn
3097:
3076:
3061:
3046:
2987:
2967:
2952:
2933:
2886:, p 6.
2866:
2827:
2779:
2657:
2634:
2597:
2544:
2402:
2335:
2310:
2200:
2148:
2120:
1989:
1983:623875
1981:
1908:: 191.
1883:
1794:Kern,
1778:
1743:Kern,
1730:Kern,
1650:I'itoi
1524:. See
1436:Bataks
1432:Ravana
1231:trolls
1214:, and
1208:Hilton
1183:Amiens
1158:Verona
1038:I'itoi
977:Smilis
946:Hawara
898:Gortyn
870:labrys
848:, 1861
830:Icarus
787:labrys
783:Beekes
677:Lydian
672:labrys
648:mosaic
538:, the
446:Satyrs
423:Otrera
370:Pelops
345:Aeneid
339:Aeneas
332:Thebes
327:Cadmus
250:Sphinx
238:Gorgon
233:Medusa
180:Hector
137:Nymphs
127:Titans
3324:Mazes
2632:JSTOR
2468:India
2198:S2CID
1987:S2CID
1979:JSTOR
1826:(PDF)
1676:Notes
1254:Nepal
1246:North
1192:Reims
1179:Reims
1166:Arena
1072:India
998:Varro
874:Iliad
816:from
792:λαύρα
770:Pliny
709:Crete
701:Crete
693:Crete
642:, as
580:Crete
576:Minos
211:Jason
142:Water
3217:and
3131:and
3095:ISBN
3074:ISBN
3059:ISBN
3044:ISBN
2985:ISBN
2965:ISBN
2950:ISBN
2931:ISBN
2910:2016
2864:ISBN
2845:link
2825:ISBN
2790:2017
2777:ISBN
2753:2013
2714:2021
2689:2020
2655:ISBN
2595:ISBN
2542:ISBN
2507:2020
2400:ISBN
2333:ISBN
2308:ISBN
2146:ISBN
2118:ISBN
1881:ISBN
1862:2015
1837:2017
1809:maze
1776:ISBN
1425:and
1250:Java
1204:Wing
1194:and
1181:and
754:and
675:, a
625:maze
620:maze
2624:doi
2620:102
2190:doi
1971:doi
1906:VII
1613:'s
1599:Ged
1543:'s
1469:sic
1376:'s
1368:'s
1360:'s
1352:'s
1341:'s
1333:'s
1325:'s
1315:'s
1305:'s
1295:'s
1287:'s
1070:'s
1045:Goa
983:."
971:'s
952:by
772:'s
746:on
691:in
687:of
638:or
582:at
578:of
534:In
3290::
3135:,
3024:,
3010:,
3000:,
2900:.
2841:}}
2837:{{
2811:^
2744:.
2705:.
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2630:.
2618:.
2579:^
2567:.
2528:^
2498:.
2438:.
2414:^
2380:,
2376:,
2273:,
2238:.
2226:^
2196:.
2186:90
2184:.
2065:37
2063:.
2051:^
2026:.
1985:.
1977:.
1967:21
1965:.
1961:.
1934:^
1904:.
1853:.
1828:.
1696:,
1479:.
1421:,
1401:.
1256:.
1218:.
1210:,
1206:,
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1024:,
1020:–
1000:.
932:,
912:.
812:A
766:.
703:.
554:,
546::
86:on
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3108:.
3101:.
3080:.
3065:.
3050:.
2993:.
2971:.
2956:.
2912:.
2872:.
2847:)
2833:.
2792:.
2755:.
2716:.
2691:.
2663:.
2638:.
2626::
2603:.
2550:.
2509:.
2408:.
2384:.
2341:.
2316:.
2242:.
2204:.
2192::
2154:.
2126:.
2095:2
1993:.
1973::
1889:.
1864:.
1839:.
1784:.
732:(
542:(
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509:v
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46:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
