272:, have been viewed by some to turn a blind eye to crimes perpetrated by US forces, especially of this type and against women. Policies surrounding the punishment of these crimes and the protection of Okinawan women are few and far between, trials are most often handled by military courts-martial. State-led initiatives did not offer much to help face and punish these aggressions, civilians took matters into their own hands, in 1995 a group of women-led protests of over 85,000 people in the capital of the prefecture and started their own organization to protect themselves from these crimes: the Okinawa Women Act Against Military Violence. International actions were taken that same year, following the subsequent political ruckus the organization created, the Special Action Committee of Okinawa with representatives from Washington, Okinawa, and Tokyo, decided on a referendum, whereby 21% of military occupied areas should be returned to Okinawa, in the hope of improving diplomatic relations.
19:
2759:
2364:
243:. Japanese law enforcement authorities endeavor to control this problem by extensive coordination with international investigative organizations and stringent punishment of Japanese and foreign offenders. Traffic accidents and fatalities consume substantial law enforcement resources. There is also evidence of foreign criminals traveling from overseas to take advantage of Japan's lax security. In his autobiography
2769:
2353:
1068:
88:
Yakuza groups in 1990 were estimated to number more than 3,300 and together contained more than 88,000 members. Although concentrated in the largest urban prefectures, yakuza operate in most cities and often receive protection from high-ranking officials. After concerted police pressure in the 1960s,
612:
Use the "rotate view" command in your PDF reader. Map 7.2 on page 112 is a world map showing the latest year available for homicide count for each country or territory. Page 21 states estimated total homicides of 437,000 worldwide. Figures 1.1 and 1.2 (pages 21 and 22) have exact rates and counts by
264:
is home to 74% of all US bases in the country and around 26 thousand military personnel. The prefecture saw from, 1972 to 2011, 5,747 criminal cases involving US military personnel, however during the same period the rest of
Okinawa's populace had a crime rate more than twice as high — 69.7 crimes
188:
A survey of existing research on immigration and crime in Japan found that "prosecution and sentencing in Japan do seem to result in some disparities by nationality, but the available data are too limited to arrive at confident conclusions about their nature or magnitude". According to a 1997 news
275:
As
Okinawa's importance continues to increase, as political tensions in the region rise, further compromisation by the US military to improve diplomatic relations with the prefecture and Tokyo, through policies to protect Okinawan women, and punish military criminals, can be expected.
161:
In 2002, the number of crimes recorded was 2,853,739. This number decreased to less than one-third by 2017 with 915,042 crimes being recorded. In 2013, the overall crime rate in Japan fell for the 11th straight year and the number of murders and attempted murders also fell to a
247:, English criminal Colin Blaney stated that English thieves have targeted the nation due to the low crime rate and because Japanese people are unprepared for crime. Pakistani, Russian, Sri Lankan, and Burmese car theft gangs have also been known to target the nation.
76:
relationships. Although this traditional arrangement continues to exist, yakuza activities are increasingly replaced by modern types of gangs that depend on force and money as organizing concepts. Nonetheless, yakuza often picture themselves as saviors of traditional
157:
In 1990 the police identified over 2.2 million Penal Code violations. Two types of violations — larceny (65.1 percent of total violation) and negligent homicide or injury as a result of accidents (26.2%) — accounted for over 90 percent of criminal offenses.
409:
Law enforcement had long viewed
Chinese Dragon, along with Kento Rengo, as bosozoku biker gangs. However, starting in 2013 the National Police Agency began classifying bosozoku gangs as "pseudo-yakuza" groups to better reflect the true state of their
1032:
205:
overtook
Chinese as having the highest number of criminal offenses for foreigners. The number of offenses has reportedly been on the rise as of 2021, and has been linked to the lower economic status of Vietnamese in
744:
608:. See full report, and its methodological annex (pages 109ff) and statistical annex (pages 121ff) at the end of it. The statistical annex has detailed charts for homicide counts and rates by country with
533:
907:
105:) dominated organized crime in the nation and controlled more than 1,600 gangs and 42,000 gangsters. Their number has since swelled and shrunk, often coinciding with economic conditions.
648:
566:
154:
In 1989 Japan experienced 1.3 robberies and 1.1 murders per 100,000 population. In the same year, Japanese authorities solved 75.9% of robberies and 95.9% of homicides.
681:
172:
According to the 2013 UNODC statistics, Japan's rate of intentional homicide per 100,000 population was one of the lowest in the world at 0.3 per 100,000 inhabitants.
1050:
2060:
323:
776:
1401:
372:
1930:
400:
490:
459:
734:
595:
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2400:
543:
713:
978:
434:
1128:
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regions. Figure 1.3 on page 23 is a bar chart of homicide rates for the subregions. Figure 1.16 on page 34 shows timeline graphs by subregion.
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876:
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2011:
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236:
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438:
117:
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996:
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2503:
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2433:
2318:
2250:
2240:
2123:
2001:
1883:
1853:
1550:
294:. They are raped in brothels and other locations and experience physical and psychological trauma.
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2618:
2613:
2493:
2260:
2172:
2095:
2048:
2021:
2016:
1965:
1738:
1648:
1621:
1492:
1444:
1422:
1367:
1340:
960:
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504:
381:
261:
220:
121:
1014:
2633:
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2558:
2458:
2182:
2080:
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2026:
1717:
1474:
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952:
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224:
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2162:
2115:
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1918:
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1290:
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2187:
2157:
2152:
2065:
2031:
1950:
1643:
1535:
1454:
1434:
1335:
1195:
771:
704:"Change to the power map of foreign crime? Vietnamese criminal offenders overtake Chinese"
538:
511:
384:
376:
228:
78:
72:. Their early operations were usually close-knit, and the leader and his subordinates had
1260:
424:
The
Japanese Industrial System (De Gruyter Studies in Organization, 3rd Edition), Page 46
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2598:
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2488:
2478:
2463:
2367:
2303:
2255:
2212:
2105:
1384:
1190:
708:
193:, and some highly publicized crimes by organized groups of Chinese (often with help of
142:
109:
94:
1015:"The Sexual Exploitation of Young Girls in Japan Is 'On the Increase,' an Expert Says"
18:
2787:
2762:
2583:
2548:
2498:
2265:
2177:
2166:
1935:
1799:
1555:
1508:
1280:
1072:
216:
98:
933:"The 1996 Okinawa Referendum on U.S. Base Reductions: One Question, Several Answers"
85:
groups espousing the same views and attracting citizens not satisfied with society.
68:
The yakuza existed in Japan well before the 1800s and followed codes similar to the
2357:
2333:
2276:
2142:
1970:
1789:
1314:
1302:
1297:
1275:
1270:
1265:
401:"Tokyo cops accuse Chinese Dragon executive in gashing of a man with broken bottle"
163:
113:
1525:
1352:
2772:
1545:
1379:
1309:
1033:"For vulnerable high school girls in Japan, a culture of 'dates' with older men"
739:
604:
for Global Study on
Homicide. It will link to latest version. See 10 April 2014
102:
2202:
1567:
1469:
1417:
1330:
232:
956:
856:
2292:
1595:
1439:
1429:
240:
90:
47:
997:"Why are foreign women continuing to be forced into prostitution in Japan?"
265:
per 10,000 people, compared with 27.4 by U.S. military affiliated members.
197:) have led to a negative public perception of immigrants. According to the
1089:
344:
2286:
420:
418:
2298:
2225:
2220:
964:
932:
877:"Despite low crime rate, US military faces no-win situation on Okinawa"
69:
32:
has been recorded since at least the 1800s, and has varied over time.
2308:
2230:
2207:
2192:
2147:
1481:
1051:"Schoolgirls for sale: why Tokyo struggles to stop the 'JK business'"
194:
169:
As of 2012, on average there are two gun related homicides per year.
125:
73:
63:
51:
948:
219:. Increased wealth and technological sophistication has brought new
2282:
2132:
2128:
1137:
255:
82:
28:
17:
1106:
1071:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
735:"Increasingly desperate Vietnamese blamed for surging crime wave"
128:
groups under the
Organized Crime Countermeasures Law since 1992.
2378:
2382:
1110:
435:"Comparative Criminology | Asia - Japan | San-Diego University"
215:
Of particular concern to the police are crimes associated with
767:"Japanese police investigated 2,889 foreign trainees in 2020"
600:
89:
smaller gangs either disappeared or began to consolidate in
979:"Seven Cambodians Rescued in Sex Trafficking Bust in Japan"
290:
Japanese and foreign women and girls have been victims of
189:
report, a large portion of crimes by immigrants are by
534:"Crime rate in Japan falls for the 11th straight year"
93:-type organizations. In 1990, three large syndicates (
567:"How Japan Has Virtually Eliminated Shooting Deaths"
140:
re-classified the
Chinese Dragons, Kanto Rengo, and
2712:
2672:
2414:
2114:
1983:
1917:
1852:
1716:
1620:
1588:
1501:
1410:
1323:
1248:
1175:
1166:
81:in postwar society, sometimes forming ties with
672:"Japan Worries About a Trend: Crime by Chinese"
594:(PDF full report). Published in April 2014, by
42:Criminal justice system of Japan § History
324:List of countries by intentional homicide rate
146:biker gangs as "pseudo-yakuza" organizations.
2394:
1122:
370:"Outline of Boryokudan in Okinawa Prefecture"
8:
268:Local government and treaties, such as the
120:are the two largest known yakuza groups in
2401:
2387:
2379:
1989:
1923:
1726:
1722:
1626:
1172:
1129:
1115:
1107:
626:Convergence of Control – Oxford Handbooks
227:, larceny involving coin dispensers, and
816:"Car Theft Rings Are Hot Stuff in Japan"
623:Yamamoto, Ryoko; Johnson, David (2014).
596:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
351:. The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica
108:The yakuza tradition also spread to the
50:, crime was handled often severely at a
1402:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
335:
635:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859016.013.012
489:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
482:
258:has the highest crime rates in Japan.
902:
900:
898:
842:
840:
834:movingist.com The Crime rate in Japan
684:from the original on 27 December 2017
7:
747:from the original on January 4, 2022
716:from the original on 5 January 2022
1578:2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
235:is minuscule, compared with other
14:
1445:Imperial Constitution (1890–1947)
670:Wudunn, Sheryl (March 12, 1997).
651:from the original on 19 June 2021
270:Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA)
124:and both have been registered as
2767:
2758:
2757:
2363:
2362:
2351:
1066:
779:from the original on 2021-04-08.
304:Criminal justice system of Japan
181:This section is an excerpt from
1102:National Police Agency of Japan
345:"Organized crime group, Yakuza"
2725:British Indian Ocean Territory
1931:Agriculture, forestry, fishing
794:. John Blake. pp. 76–78.
1:
912:scholar.googleusercontent.com
591:Global Study on Homicide 2013
309:List of major crimes in Japan
183:Immigration and crime § Japan
931:Eldridge, Robert D. (1997).
1519:1923 Great Kantō earthquake
1465:Abolition of the han system
712:(in Japanese). 2016-11-27.
2810:
847:Yamada, Mio (2016-01-20).
565:Fisher, Max (2012-07-23).
314:Human trafficking in Japan
283:
180:
61:
39:
2753:
2346:
1992:
1926:
1729:
1725:
1629:
1531:Japan during World War II
1348:Mongol invasions of Japan
1148:
1084:Federal Research Division
515:(in Japanese). 2013-01-10
112:in the 20th century. The
2474:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1805:House of Representatives
1601:2019 imperial transition
1573:Great Hanshin earthquake
1541:Second Sino-Japanese War
1514:Japan during World War I
849:"The Battle for Okinawa"
505:
292:sex trafficking in Japan
286:Sex trafficking in Japan
195:Japanese organized crime
2735:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1488:First Sino-Japanese War
262:The Okinawan prefecture
223:, such as computer and
136:Beginning in 2013, the
1956:Science and technology
1395:Council of Five Elders
1390:Azuchi–Momoyama period
790:Blaney, Colin (2014).
506:刑法犯、１０年で半減…昨年の認知は１３８万件
319:Ethnic issues in Japan
239:and limited mainly to
237:industrialized nations
199:National Police Agency
138:National Police Agency
23:
1901:Deputy Prime Minister
1286:Asuka Kiyomihara Code
908:"Report from Okinawa"
743:. November 20, 2020.
176:Immigration and crime
126:designated bōryokudan
21:
2649:United Arab Emirates
1810:House of Councillors
1704:World Heritage Sites
610:data from 2000–2012.
203:Vietnamese nationals
118:Okinawa Kyokuryu-kai
2676:limited recognition
1827:Self-Defense Forces
1037:The Washington Post
1021:. October 29, 2019.
1001:Mainichi Daily News
985:. January 24, 2017.
382:Okinawa Prefectural
221:white collar crimes
22:Japanese police car
1961:Telecommunications
1493:Russo-Japanese War
1423:Tokugawa shogunate
1373:Nanboku-chō period
1368:Ashikaga shogunate
1341:Kamakura shogunate
677:The New York Times
375:2012-02-14 at the
122:Okinawa Prefecture
24:
2781:
2780:
2718:other territories
2376:
2375:
2342:
2341:
2091:Sexual minorities
1979:
1978:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1822:Political parties
1761:Foreign relations
1712:
1711:
1616:
1615:
1606:COVID-19 pandemic
1475:Satsuma Rebellion
1460:Meiji Restoration
1358:Kenmu Restoration
1218:Foreign relations
824:, 22 October 2008
821:Los Angeles Times
644:978-0-19-985901-6
546:on March 18, 2014
407:. June 29, 2017.
349:www.britannica.cm
225:credit card fraud
2801:
2771:
2761:
2760:
2730:Christmas Island
2416:Sovereign states
2403:
2396:
2389:
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2365:
2358:Japan portal
2356:
2355:
2354:
2271:National symbols
1990:
1924:
1727:
1723:
1627:
1561:Economic miracle
1363:Muromachi period
1173:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1108:
1087:
1070:
1069:
1059:
1058:
1057:. June 15, 2019.
1047:
1041:
1040:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1003:. June 10, 2017.
993:
987:
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928:
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904:
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542:. Archived from
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495:
494:
488:
480:
478:
477:
471:
465:. Archived from
464:
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437:. Archived from
431:
425:
422:
413:
412:
397:
391:
390:
379:, October 2007,
367:
361:
360:
358:
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340:
191:Chinese in Japan
79:Japanese virtues
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2689:Northern Cyprus
2675:
2668:
2410:
2407:
2377:
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2352:
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2338:
2158:Class S (genre)
2110:
2086:Sex trafficking
2061:Life expectancy
1997:Anti-monarchism
1975:
1905:
1848:
1815:List of members
1795:Law enforcement
1708:
1612:
1584:
1536:Mukden Incident
1497:
1455:Meiji oligarchy
1435:Empire of Japan
1406:
1336:Kamakura period
1319:
1244:
1162:
1144:
1135:
1098:
1079:Country Studies
1076:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1039:. May 16, 2017.
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1008:
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949:10.2307/2645611
943:(10): 879–904.
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772:The Japan Times
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539:The Japan Times
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512:Yomiuri Shimbun
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460:"Archived copy"
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377:Wayback Machine
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280:Sex trafficking
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251:Crime by region
231:. Incidence of
229:insurance fraud
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152:
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66:
60:
44:
38:
12:
11:
5:
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2794:Crime in Japan
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2213:Henohenomoheji
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2277:No-pan kissa
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2246:Martial arts
2236:LGBT culture
2138:Architecture
2131: /
2076:Prostitution
2042:Homelessness
2012:Demographics
2006:
1936:Central bank
1766:Human rights
1734:Constitution
1589:Contemporary
1411:Early Modern
1315:Heian period
1303:Monmu period
1298:Taika Reform
1276:Asuka period
1271:Kofun period
1266:Yayoi period
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915:. Retrieved
911:
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860:. Retrieved
830:
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792:Undesirables
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749:. Retrieved
738:
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686:. Retrieved
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574:. Retrieved
571:The Atlantic
570:
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548:. Retrieved
544:the original
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467:the original
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245:Undesirables
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114:Kyokuryu-kai
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2773:Asia portal
2674:States with
2594:Philippines
2534:South Korea
2529:North Korea
2424:Afghanistan
2329:Video games
2071:Pornography
1679:Prefectures
1659:Environment
1654:Earthquakes
1639:Archipelago
1546:Pacific War
1502:Late Modern
1310:Nara period
1256:Paleolithic
881:stripes.com
740:Japan Today
410:activities.
103:Inagawa-kai
46:Before the
2654:Uzbekistan
2629:Tajikistan
2544:Kyrgyzstan
2524:Kazakhstan
2444:Bangladesh
2434:Azerbaijan
2319:Television
2241:Literature
2203:Hikikomori
2124:Aesthetics
2002:Censorship
1884:Ministries
1854:Government
1568:Heisei era
1551:Occupation
1509:Taishō era
1470:Boshin War
1450:Government
1418:Edo period
1331:Genpei War
1281:Taihō Code
917:2022-01-19
862:2022-01-19
751:January 5,
720:2022-01-05
655:26 January
576:2023-11-14
519:2013-01-10
476:2019-07-20
445:2012-01-03
330:References
241:stimulants
233:drug abuse
150:Statistics
74:father-son
2740:Hong Kong
2694:Palestine
2619:Sri Lanka
2614:Singapore
2494:Indonesia
2293:Otokonoko
2261:Mythology
2173:Festivals
2096:Sexuality
2049:Languages
2022:Etiquette
2017:Education
1966:Transport
1778:Judiciary
1739:Elections
1649:Districts
1634:Addresses
1622:Geography
1596:Reiwa era
1526:Shōwa era
1440:Meiji era
1430:Bakumatsu
1353:Genkō War
1213:Education
1176:Overviews
957:0004-4687
857:0015-7120
688:April 30,
601:home page
550:March 22,
201:in 2015,
91:syndicate
48:Meiji Era
27:Crime in
2788:Category
2763:Category
2684:Abkhazia
2634:Thailand
2589:Pakistan
2569:Mongolia
2564:Maldives
2559:Malaysia
2459:Cambodia
2368:Category
2183:Folklore
2081:Religion
2054:Japanese
2027:Gambling
1837:Maritime
1718:Politics
1699:Villages
1380:Ōnin War
1223:Military
1208:Economic
1142:articles
777:Archived
745:Archived
714:Archived
682:Archived
649:Archived
485:cite web
373:Archived
343:Yakuza.
298:See also
143:bōsōzoku
116:and the
2659:Vietnam
2574:Myanmar
2554:Lebanon
2484:Georgia
2439:Bahrain
2429:Armenia
2324:Theatre
2299:Origami
2226:Irezumi
2221:Ikebana
2188:Gardens
2163:Cuisine
2116:Culture
2101:Smoking
2037:Housing
1985:Society
1919:Economy
1862:Cabinet
1744:Emperor
1684:Regions
1669:Islands
1556:Postwar
1484:(noble)
1249:Ancient
1196:Shoguns
1168:History
1158:Outline
965:2645611
164:postwar
70:samurai
54:level.
36:History
2704:Taiwan
2639:Turkey
2604:Russia
2539:Kuwait
2519:Jordan
2509:Israel
2469:Cyprus
2454:Brunei
2449:Bhutan
2309:Shinto
2231:Kawaii
2208:Hanami
2193:Geisha
2153:Cinema
2148:Bonsai
2066:People
2032:Health
1951:Energy
1832:Ground
1689:Rivers
1644:Cities
1482:Kazoku
1182:Lists
1140:
1075:.
963:
955:
887:12 May
855:
798:
641:
385:Police
355:13 May
211:Crimes
206:Japan.
64:Yakuza
58:Yakuza
52:daimyo
2745:Macau
2664:Yemen
2624:Syria
2599:Qatar
2579:Nepal
2514:Japan
2489:India
2479:Egypt
2464:China
2304:Sport
2287:Sentō
2283:Onsen
2266:Names
2256:Music
2251:Media
2217:Icons
2198:Games
2133:Manga
2129:Anime
2106:Women
2007:Crime
1941:Labor
1694:Towns
1674:Lakes
1228:Naval
1191:Clans
1153:Index
1138:Japan
1090:Japan
961:JSTOR
470:(PDF)
463:(PDF)
256:Osaka
166:low.
29:Japan
2584:Oman
2549:Laos
2504:Iraq
2499:Iran
2178:Flag
2167:wine
1894:list
1867:list
1771:LGBT
1749:list
1201:Wars
1186:Eras
1019:Time
953:ISSN
889:2023
853:ISSN
796:ISBN
753:2022
690:2010
657:2016
639:ISBN
552:2014
491:link
357:2022
2716:and
2334:Zen
2143:Art
1971:Yen
1842:Air
1790:Law
983:VOA
945:doi
631:doi
2790::
1088:-
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