362:
60:
337:– Daems and Wisse (1966) proposed that cristae are connected to the inner boundary membrane via tubular structures characterized by rather small diameters, termed crista junctions (CJs). In the middle of 1990s these structures were rediscovered by EM tomography, leading to the establishment of this currently widely accepted model.
345:
dimers (formerly known as "elementary particles" or "oxysomes") forming at the cristae. These membrane-curving dimers have a bent shape, and may be the first step to cristae formation. They are situated at the base of the crista. A mitochondrial contact site cristae organizing system (MICOS) protein
485:
requires a varying supply of electrons in order to properly function and generate ATP. However, the electrons that have entered the electron transport chain would eventually pile up like cars traveling down a blocked one-way street. Those electrons are finally accepted by
544:
on which the above-mentioned reactions may take place. A widely accepted hypothesis for the function of the cristae is that the high surface area allows an increased capacity for ATP generation. However, the current model is that active
317:(1953), the mitochondrial inner membrane is convoluted in a baffle-like manner with broad openings towards the intra-cristal space. This model entered most textbooks and was widely believed for a long time.
502:
O). By accepting the electrons, oxygen allows the electron transport chain to continue functioning. The chain is organized in the cristae lumen membrane, i.e. the membrane inside the junction.
353:
Crista are traditionally sorted by shapes into lamellar, tubular, and vesicular cristae. They appear in different cell types. It is debated whether these shapes arise by different pathways.
549:
complexes localize preferentially in dimers to the narrow edges of the cristae. Thus, the surface area of mitochondrial membranes allocated to ATP syntheses is actually quite modest.
552:
Mathematical modelling suggested that the optical properties of the cristae in filamentous mitochondria may affect the generation and propagation of light within the tissue.
505:
The electrons from each NADH molecule can form a total of 3 ATP's from ADPs and phosphate groups through the electron transport chain, while each FADH
757:"Linking mitochondrial dynamics, cristae remodeling and supercomplex formation: How mitochondrial structure can regulate bioenergetics"
890:
796:
Hanaki M, Tanaka K, Kashima Y (1985). "Scanning electron icroscopic study on mitochondrial cristae in the rat adrenal cortex".
911:
532:, the efficiency for the electron transport chain is about 65%, as compared to only 3.5% efficiency for glycolysis alone.
417:
in the inner membrane, energy is gradually released and used to pump the hydrogen ions from the splitting of NADH and FADH
306:
research proposed different models for the organization of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Three models proposed were:
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126:
71:
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from the concentration gradient formed by the amount of H ions. H ions passively pass into the mitochondrial
324:
31:
455:
116:
459:
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706:
275:
151:
617:
Sjostrand, F (Jan 3, 1953). "Systems of double membranes in the cytoplasm of certain tissue cells".
525:
443:
422:
91:
634:
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314:
266:, and it gives the inner membrane its characteristic wrinkled shape, providing a large amount of
862:
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With the discovery of the dual-membrane nature of mitochondria, the pioneers of mitochondrial
271:
176:
888:
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724:
714:
695:"Dimers of mitochondrial ATP synthase induce membrane curvature and self-assemble into rows"
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528:(from a single electron transport chain). This means that combined with the Krebs Cycle and
471:
467:
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213:
361:
894:
463:
81:
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Thar, R.and M. Kühl (2004). "Propagation of electromagnetic radiation in mitochondria?".
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327:(1953) suggested that sheets of inner membrane are spanned like septa (plural of
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Stephan, Till; Roesch, Axel; Riedel, Dietmar; Jakobs, Stefan (27 August 2019).
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Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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into the space between the inner membrane and the outer membrane (called the
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654:"Cristae formation-linking ultrastructure and function of mitochondria"
331:) through the matrix, separating it into several distinct compartments.
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17:
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Blum TB, Hahn A, Meier T, Davies KM, Kühlbrandt W (March 2019).
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Baker, Nicole; Patel, Jeel; Khacho, Mireille (November 2019).
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Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
234:
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442:) across the inner mitochondrial membrane known as the
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The cristae greatly increase the surface area of the
228:
219:
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complex occupies the crista junction. Proteins like
231:
222:
825:"Live-cell STED nanoscopy of mitochondrial cristae"
216:
39:
439:potential energy § chemical potential energy
474:by the ATP synthase, and later help to re-form H
652:Zick, M; Rabl, R; Reichert, AS (January 2009).
568:Griparic, L; van der Bliek, AM (August 2003).
524:molecules, can form a total of 34 ATPs during
405:is also oxidized into H ions, electrons, and
27:Fold in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
8:
570:"The many shapes of mitochondrial membranes"
494:). As a result, they form two molecules of
341:More recent research (2019) finds rows of
856:
772:
728:
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585:
509:molecule can produce a total of 2 ATPs.
750:
748:
560:
357:Electron transport chain of the cristae
36:
512:As a result, 10 NADH molecules (from
278:, because the mitochondrion requires
65:Components of a typical mitochondrion
7:
350:are involved in cristae remodeling.
243:
25:
258:. The name is from the Latin for
587:10.1034/j.1600-0854.2001.1r008.x
212:
58:
798:Journal of Electron Microscopy
436:creates potential energy (see
1:
671:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.06.013
276:aerobic cellular respiration
413:travel farther through the
282:. Cristae are studded with
933:
849:10.1038/s41598-019-48838-2
774:10.1016/j.mito.2019.06.003
372:
29:
57:
48:
483:electron transport chain
434:electrochemical gradient
427:electrochemical gradient
415:electron transport chain
375:Electron transport chain
720:10.1073/pnas.1816556116
450:occurs, and the enzyme
369:, with labeled cristae.
274:to occur on. This aids
135:Inner boundary membrane
32:Crista (disambiguation)
370:
881:J.Theoretical Biology
466:. This harnesses the
364:
335:Crista junction model
912:Cellular respiration
520:), along with 2 FADH
30:For other uses, see
841:2019NatSR...912419S
711:2019PNAS..116.4250B
526:aerobic respiration
444:proton-motive force
423:intermembrane space
250:) is a fold in the
92:Intermembrane space
893:2013-07-18 at the
829:Scientific Reports
371:
272:chemical reactions
101:Intracristal space
705:(10): 4250–4255.
382:is oxidized into
290:and a variety of
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177:Mitochondrial DNA
16:(Redirected from
924:
917:Membrane biology
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142:Cristal membrane
108:Peripheral space
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625:(4340): 31–32.
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464:phosphate group
446:. As a result,
425:), creating an
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313:– According to
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887:(2), 261-270.
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373:Main article:
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183:Matrix granule
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547:ATP synthase
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452:ATP synthase
448:chemiosmosis
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343:ATP synthase
340:
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311:Baffle model
310:
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288:ATP synthase
286:, including
268:surface area
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196:ATP synthase
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166:You are here
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42:Cell biology
767:: 259–268.
664:(1): 5–19.
518:Krebs cycle
478:O (water).
409:. As those
321:Septa model
292:cytochromes
906:Categories
556:References
530:glycolysis
514:glycolysis
298:Background
454:produces
411:electrons
392:electrons
325:Sjöstrand
164: ◄
891:Archived
867:31455826
783:31207408
739:30760595
680:18620004
596:11285133
536:Function
516:and the
284:proteins
189:Ribosome
858:6712041
837:Bibcode
810:3837809
730:6410833
707:Bibcode
639:6765607
604:9500863
574:Traffic
248:cristae
117:Lamella
865:
855:
808:
781:
737:
727:
678:
637:
619:Nature
602:
594:
488:oxygen
472:matrix
462:and a
396:enzyme
394:by an
390:, and
329:septum
315:Palade
280:oxygen
208:crista
161:Cristæ
152:Matrix
18:Cristæ
635:S2CID
600:S2CID
496:water
458:from
432:This
264:plume
260:crest
254:of a
82:Porin
863:PMID
806:PMID
779:PMID
735:PMID
676:PMID
662:1793
592:PMID
481:The
400:FADH
388:ions
386:, H
380:NADH
348:OPA1
270:for
140:3.12
133:3.11
885:230
853:PMC
845:doi
769:doi
725:PMC
715:doi
703:116
666:doi
627:doi
623:171
582:doi
460:ADP
456:ATP
407:FAD
384:NAD
262:or
244:pl.
158:3.3
149:3.2
124:3.1
106:2.2
99:2.1
79:1.1
908::
883:,
861:.
851:.
843:.
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759:.
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498:(H
490:(O
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365:A
323:–
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206:A
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