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2084:"hyper-commercialization of the culture is recognized and roundly detested by the citizenry, although the topic scarcely receives a whiff of attention in the media or political culture." "The greatest damage done by advertising is precisely that it incessantly demonstrates the selling out of men and women who lend their intellects, their voices, their artistic skills to purposes in which they themselves do not believe, and ... that it helps to shatter and ultimately destroy our most precious non-material possessions: the confidence in the existence of meaningful purposes of human activity and respect for the integrity of man." "The struggle against advertising is therefore essential if we are to overcome the pervasive alienation from all genuine human needs that currently plays such a corrosive role in our society. But in resisting this type of hyper-commercialism we should not be under any illusions. Advertising may seem at times to be an almost trivial if omnipresent aspect of our economic system. Yet, as economist A. C. Pigou pointed out, it could only be 'removed altogether' if 'conditions of monopolistic competition' inherent to
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circulating in society is made up of the attention exchanged among the people themselves and the attention given to media information. Only the latter is homogenised by quantitative measuring and only the latter takes on the character of an anonymous currency." According to Franck, any surface of presentation that can guarantee a certain degree of attentiveness works as a magnet for attention, for example, media which are actually meant for information and entertainment, culture and the arts, public space etc. It is this attraction which is sold to the advertising business. In
Germany, the advertising industry contributes 1.5% of the gross national income. The German Advertising Association stated that in 2007, 30.78 billion Euros were spent on advertising in Germany, 26% in newspapers, 21% on television, 15% by mail and 15% in magazines. In 2002 there were 360,000 people employed in the advertising business. The Internet revenues for advertising doubled to almost 1 billion Euros from 2006 to 2007, giving it the highest growth rates.
2010:. An experiment that took place in a summer camp, where researches showed food advertisements to children between ages 5–8 for two weeks. The outcome-what kids chose to eat at a cafeteria were the ads they saw on TV over the two weeks. Leading back to psychological effects that advertising has on individuals, one of the main important effects is eating disorders among children. An article from the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health even states that, "Several cross-sectional studies have reported a positive association between exposure to beauty and fashion magazines and an increased level of weight concerns or eating disorder symptoms in girls." Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are some of the common disorders among adolescent girls. The rate of anorexia nervosa among adolescent girls is 0.48%. The image of "ideal beauty" among women and the "muscular body type" image of men has resulted in a lack of body confidence and eating disorders especially when it comes to young teenage girls and boys.
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created by the industry itself, that is, the negative social impacts to which marketing activity has contributed. ... By contributing media literacy education resources, the marketing industry is positioning itself as being part of the solution to these problems, thereby seeking to avoid wide restrictions or outright bans on marketing communication, particularly for food products deemed to have little nutritional value directed at children. ... The need to be seen to be taking positive action primarily to avert potential restrictions on advertising is openly acknowledged by some sectors of the industry itself. ... Furthermore, Hobbs (1998) suggests that such programs are also in the interest of media organizations that support the interventions to reduce criticism of the potential negative effects of the media themselves."
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business and its interests. Competitive sports have become unthinkable without sponsoring and there is a mutual dependency. High income with advertising is only possible with a comparable number of spectators or viewers. On the other hand, the poor performance of a team or a sportsman results in less advertising revenues. Jürgen Hüther and Hans-Jörg
Stiehler talk about a 'Sports/Media Complex which is a complicated mix of media, agencies, managers, sports promoters, advertising etc. with partially common and partially diverging interests but in any case with common commercial interests. The media presumably is at centre stage because it can supply the other parties involved with a rare commodity, namely (potential) public attention. In sports "the media are able to generate enormous sales in both circulation and advertising."
1359:"markets are not value-free or neutral; they not only tend to work to the advantage of those with the most money, but they also by their very nature emphasize profit over all else. Hence, today the debate is over whether advertising or food labelling, or campaign contributions are speech ... if the rights to be protected by the First Amendment can only be effectively employed by a fraction of the citizenry, and their exercise of these rights gives them undue political power and undermines the ability of the balance of the citizenry to exercise the same rights and/or constitutional rights, then it is not necessarily legitimately protected by the First Amendment". "Those with the capacity to engage in free press are in a position to determine who can speak to the great mass of citizens and who cannot".
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which could be seen as "provocative or offensive". PentaCom executive David Martin said: "Our reasoning is, that anyone looking at a 22.000 $ product would want it surrounded by positive things. There is nothing positive about an article on child pornography." In another example, the USA Network held top-level‚ off-the-record meetings with advertisers in 2000 to let them tell the network what type of programming content they wanted in order for USA to get their advertising." Television shows are created to accommodate the needs of advertising, e.g. splitting them up in suitable sections. Their dramaturgy is typically designed to end in suspense or leave an unanswered question in order to keep the viewer attached.
1573:, are in the private sector. Their income is predominantly generated through advertising; in the case of newspapers and magazines from 50 to 80%. Public service broadcasting in some countries can also heavily depend on advertising as a source of income (up to 40%). In the view of critics no media that spreads advertisements can be independent and the higher the proportion of advertising, the higher the dependency. This dependency has "distinct implications for the nature of media content. ... In the business press, the media are often referred to in exactly the way they present themselves in their candid moments: as a branch of the advertising industry."
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intent on maximizing the consumption of the immense collection of commodities have colonized more and more of the spaces of our culture. For instance, almost the entire media system (television and print) has been developed as a delivery system for marketers, and its prime function is to produce audiences for sale to advertisers. Both the advertisements it carries and the editorial matter that acts as a support for it celebrate the consumer society. The movie system, at one time outside the direct influence of the broader marketing system, is now fully integrated into it through the strategies of licensing, tie-ins and product placements.
1543:(fMRI)—not to heal, but to sell products. Advertising and marketing firms have long used the insights and research methods of psychology in order to sell products, of course. But today these practices are reaching epidemic levels, and with a complicity on the part of the psychological profession that exceeds that of the past. The result is an enormous advertising and marketing onslaught that comprises, arguably, the largest single psychological project ever undertaken. Yet, this great undertaking remains largely ignored by the American Psychological Association." Robert McChesney calls it "the greatest concerted attempt at
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private television." Patrick Le Lay, former managing director of TF1, a private French television channel with a market share of 25 to 35%, said: "There are many ways to talk about television. But from the business point of view, let's be realistic: basically, the job of TF1 is, e. g. to help Coca Cola sell its product. ... For an advertising message to be perceived the brain of the viewer must be at our disposal. The job of our programmes is to make it available, that is to say, to distract it, to relax it and get it ready between two messages. It is disposable human brain time that we sell to Coca Cola."
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commodities, since the crucial cultural premise of advertising is that the material object being sold is never in itself enough. Even those commodities providing for the most mundane necessities of daily life must be imbued with symbolic qualities and culturally endowed meanings via the 'magic system' of advertising. In this way and by altering the context in which advertisements appear, things 'can be made to mean 'just about anything' and the 'same' things can be endowed with different intended meanings for different individuals and groups of people, thereby offering mass produced visions of individualism."
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Chuck E. Cheese and
Nickelodeon have all sponsored Ryan Kaji and his Ryan ToysReview channel. He has also built a partnership with a child entertainment company Pocket.Watch. Due to the popularity of the show, they were advertised to change the name to Ryan's World. Not only did large companies advise the name change, they encouraged him to provide more content such as, science experiments, challenges and education as well. The expansion of Ryan's World also has led to the production of his very own merchandise. He now produces a clothing line and his own toys sold specifically at Walmart.
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system and advertising is increasingly penetrating schools and universities. Cities, such as New York, accept sponsors for public playgrounds. "Even the pope has been commercialized ... The pope's four-day visit to Mexico in ... 1999 was sponsored by Frito-Lay and PepsiCo. The industry is accused of being one of the engines powering a convoluted economic mass production system which promotes consumption. As far as social effects are concerned it does not matter whether advertising fuels consumption but which values, patterns of behaviour and assignments of meaning it propagates.
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for what is considered "beautiful", "attractive" or "desirable." Such imagery does not allow for what is found to be beautiful in various cultures or to the individual. It is exclusionary, rather than inclusive, and consequently, these advertisements promote a negative message about body image to the average person. Because of this form of media, girls, boys, women and men may feel under high pressure to maintain an unrealistic and often unhealthy body weight or even to alter their physical appearance cosmetically or surgically in minor to drastic ways.
2218:, Canada, have manifestos. Grassroots organizations campaign against advertising or certain aspects of it in various forms and strategies and quite often have different roots. Adbusters, for example contests and challenges the intended meanings of advertising by subverting them and creating unintended meanings instead. Other groups, like Illegal Signs Canada, try to stem the flood of billboards by detecting and reporting ones that have been put up without permit. Examples for various groups and organizations in different countries are L'association
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irresistible is the ideal way of objects and symbols into a person's subjective experience. Evidently, in a society in which revenue of attention moves to the fore, consumption is drawn by one's self-esteem. As a result, consumption becomes 'work' on a person's attraction. From the subjective point of view, this 'work' opens fields of unexpected dimensions for advertising. Advertising takes on the role of a life councillor in matters of attraction. The cult around one's own attraction is what
Christopher Lasch described as 'Culture of Narcissism'."
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America? That is its claim and to some extent it is a just claim... It has taught us how to live, what to be afraid of, what to be proud of, how to be beautiful, how to be loved, how to be envied, how to be successful.. Is it any wonder that the
American population tends increasingly to speak, think, feel in terms of this jabberwocky? That the stimuli of art, science, religion are progressively expelled to the periphery of American life to become marginal values, cultivated by marginal people on marginal time?
1938:" Norway (ads directed at children under age 12), and Sweden (television ads aimed at children under age 12) also have legislated broad bans on advertising to children, during child programmes any kind of advertising is forbidden in Sweden, Denmark, Austria and Flemish Belgium. In Greece there is no advertising for kids products from 7 to 22 h. An attempt to restrict advertising directed at children in the US failed with reference to the First Amendment. In Spain bans are also considered undemocratic.
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1873:. Advertising can also portray individuals provocatively by displaying nude photos or indecent language. As a result, this leads to people not feeling confident about themselves or their body which causes psychological disorders such as depression or anxiety. Your Article Library talks about some of the main criticisms against advertising by stating, "Some advertisements are un-ethical and objectionable ... This adversely affects the social values"
1684:"Sports sponsorship is acknowledged by the tobacco industry to be valuable advertising. A Tobacco Industry journal in 1994 described the Formula One car as 'The most powerful advertising space in the world'. ... In a cohort study carried out in 22 secondary schools in England in 1994 and 1995 boys whose favourite television sport was motor racing had a 12.8% risk of becoming regular smokers compared to 7.0% of boys who did not follow motor racing."
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2067:"Kids are among the most sophisticated observers of ads. They can sing the jingles and identify the logos, and they often have strong feelings about products. What they generally don't understand, however, are the issues that underlie how advertising works. Mass media are used not only to sell goods but also ideas: how we should behave, what rules are important, who we should respect and what we should value."
1115:. Advertising increasingly invades public spaces, such as schools, which some critics argue is a form of child exploitation. Advertising frequently uses psychological pressure (for example, appealing to feelings of inadequacy) on the intended consumer, which may be harmful. As a result of these criticisms, the advertising industry has seen low approval rates in surveys and negative cultural portrayals.
1906:"Kids represent an important demographic to marketers because they have their own purchasing power, they influence their parents' buying decisions and they're the adult consumers of the future." Advertising for other products preferably uses media with which they can also reach the next generation of consumers. "Key advertising messages exploit the emerging independence of young people."
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1750:). Urban spaces are public commodities and in this capacity they are subject to "aesthetical environment protection", mainly through building regulations, heritage protection and landscape protection. "It is in this capacity that these spaces are now being privatised. They are peppered with billboards and signs, they are remodelled into media for advertising."
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1827:. Anything goes. "It is a central social-scientific question what people can be made to do by suitable design of conditions and of great practical importance. For example, from a great number of psychological experiments it can be assumed, that people can be made to do anything they are capable of, when the according social condition can be created."
1223:, Commercial Alert says, "There are ads in schools, airport lounges, doctors offices, movie theaters, hospitals, gas stations, elevators, convenience stores, on the Internet, on fruit, on ATMs, on garbage cans and countless other places. There are ads on beach sand and restroom walls." "One of the ironies of advertising in our times is that as
1695:, the alteration of competition distances, changes of rules, animation of spectators, changes of sports facilities, the cult of sports heroes who quickly establish themselves in the advertising and entertaining business because of their media value and last but not least, the naming and renaming of sport stadiums after big companies.
1243:. Advertising precedes the showing of films at cinemas including lavish 'film shorts' produced by companies such as Microsoft or DaimlerChrysler. "The largest advertising agencies have begun working to co-produce programming in conjunction with the largest media firms", creating Infomercials resembling entertainment programming.
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is low in nutrients. Facing a lot of pressure from health industries and laws, such as the
Children's Food and Beverage Advertising initiative, food marketers were forced to tweak and limit their advertising strategies. Despite regulations, a 2009 report shows that three quarters of all food advertising during
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minutes of advertising per hour, but today it is between 14 and 17 minutes. With the introduction of the shorter 15-second-spot the total amount of ads increased even more. Ads are not only placed in breaks but also into sports telecasts during the game itself. They flood the
Internet, a growing market.
1811:). The idea of the CIA-sponsored "depatterning" experiments was to outfit conscious, unconscious or semiconscious subjects with headphones, and flood their brains with thousands of repetitive "driving" messages that would alter their behaviour over time. ... Advertising aims to do the same thing."
1254:, one of the most outspoken critics of advertising, considers advertising "the most prevalent and toxic of the mental pollutants. From the moment your radio alarm sounds in the morning to the wee hours of late-night TV microjolts of commercial pollution flood into your brain at the rate of around 3,000
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Although taxes could raise revenue for governments and councils, recycling the money into other initiatives could have interesting effects: For example, an environmentalist government could set the tax rate on consumption-related advertising to be directly proportional to inflation (1:1). However to
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in that it would act to reduce what is now increasingly seen as a public nuisance. Efforts to that end are gathering more momentum, with
Arkansas and Maine considering bills to implement such a taxation. Florida enacted such a tax in 1987 but was forced to repeal it after six months, as a result of a
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Public interest groups suggest that "access to the mental space targeted by advertisers should be taxed, in that at the present moment that space is being freely taken advantage of by advertisers with no compensation paid to the members of the public who are thus being intruded upon. This kind of tax
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makers often aim their promotion at children and adolescents. For example, an ad for a breakfast cereal on a channel aimed at adults will have music that is a soft ballad, whereas on a channel aimed at children, the same ad will use a catchy rock jingle of the same song to aim at kids. "The marketing
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In 2015, Shion and Loan Kaji built a YouTube channel hosted by their seven-year-old son, Ryan Kaji. Ryan's ToyReviews channel has 21 million subscribers and over 30 billion views. Toy manufacturing companies have donated a large sum of toys for Ryan to review on his channel. Walmart, Hasbro, Netflix,
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False statements are often used in advertising to help draw a person's attention. Misleading or deceiving methods of advertising are used by millions of companies such as
Volkswagen, Dannon, and Red Bull. According to Business Insider, "In 2015, it was exposed that VW had been cheating emissions test
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Because of these dependencies, a widespread and fundamental public debate about advertising and its influence on information and freedom of speech is difficult to obtain, at least through the usual media channels: it would saw off the branch it was sitting on. "The notion that the commercial basis of
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It is principally the viewing rates which decide upon the programme in the private radio and television business. "Their business is to absorb as much attention as possible. The viewing rate measures the attention the media trades for the information offered. The service of this attraction is sold to
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McChesney argues that the government deserves constant vigilance when it comes to such regulations, but that it is certainly not "the only antidemocratic force in our society. Corporations and the wealthy enjoy a power every bit as immense as that enjoyed by the lords and royalty of feudal times" and
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An example for this debate is advertising for tobacco or alcohol but also advertising by mail or fliers (clogged mail boxes), advertising on the phone, on the
Internet and advertising for children. Various legal restrictions concerning spamming, advertising on mobile phones, when addressing children,
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in 1990 "to instill confidence in all relevant publics by actively demonstrating our commitment, concern, responsibility and respect for children." Members are CanWest, Corus, CTV, General Mills, Hasbro, Hershey's, Kellogg's, Loblaw, Kraft, Mattel, McDonald's, Nestle, Pepsi, Walt Disney, and Weston,
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spent about 2 billion dollars on advertising their products, which mainly consisted of unhealthy, sugary and fatty foods. Such massive advertising has a detrimental effect on children and it heavily influences their diets. Extensive research proves that most of the food consumed between ages of 2–18
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College students tend to fall into student debt due to a simple purchase of a credit card. It first starts with credit card companies targeting college students from the moment they walk onto campus. These companies advertise credit cards by convincing students with pitches, such as the credit cards
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institutions need to know and describe the target group to exactly plan and implement the advertising campaign and to achieve the best possible results. A whole array of sciences directly deal with advertising and marketing or are used to improve its effects. Focus groups, psychologists and cultural
1239:, where products get placed retroactively into rerun shows. Product billboards are virtually inserted into Major League Baseball broadcasts and in the same manner, virtual street banners or logos are projected on an entry canopy or sidewalks, for example during the arrival of celebrities at the 2001
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In the US, for example, advertising is tax deductible and suggestions for possible limits to the advertising tax deduction are met with fierce opposition from the business sector, not to mention suggestions for a special taxation. In other countries, advertising at least is taxed in the same manner
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Advertising is especially aimed at young people and children and it increasingly reduces young people to consumers. For Sut Jhally it is not "surprising that something this central and with so much being expended on it should become an important presence in social life. Indeed, commercial interests
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had its agency (PentaCom) send out a letter to numerous magazines, demanding that they send an overview of all the topics before the next issue was published, to "avoid potential conflict". Chrysler most of all wanted to know if there would be articles with "sexual, political or social" content, or
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for advertising opportunities. Criticisms raised argued that pitches were being requested unnecessarily often and their production being made too complex and too costly. The Pitch Positive Pledge was adopted as a result, according to which industry players would ensure a pitch was actually required
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Whole subway stations in Berlin are redesigned into product halls and exclusively leased to a company. DĂĽsseldorf has "multi-sensorial" adventure transit stops equipped with loudspeakers and systems that spread the smell of a detergent. Swatch used beamers to project messages on the Berlin TV-tower
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Sweden: Advertising tax (reklamskatt) on ads and other kinds of advertising (billboards, film, television, advertising at fairs and exhibitions, flyers) in the range of 4% for ads in newspapers and 11% in all other cases. In the case of flyers the tariffs are based on the production costs, else on
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produces and distributes documentary films and other educational resources. MediaWatch, a Canadian non-profit women's organization, works to educate consumers about how they can register their concerns with advertisers and regulators. The Canadian 'Media Awareness Network/Réseau éducation médias'
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The EU parliament passed a resolution in 2008 that advertising may not be discriminating and degrading. This shows that politicians are increasingly concerned about the negative impacts of advertising. However, the benefits of promoting overall health and fitness are often overlooked. Men are also
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A large portion of advertising deals with the promotion of products in a way that defines an "ideal" body image. This objectification greatly affects women; however, men are also affected. Women and men in advertising are frequently portrayed in unrealistic and distorted images that set a standard
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The massive optical orientation toward advertising changes the function of public spaces which are utilised by brands. Urban landmarks are turned into trademarks. The highest pressure is exerted on renown and highly frequented public spaces which are also important for the identity of a city (e.g.
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Performances, exhibitions, shows, concerts, conventions and most other events can hardly take place without sponsoring. Artists are graded and paid according to their art's value for commercial purposes. Corporations promote renowned artists, thereby getting exclusive rights in global advertising
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Few consumers are aware of the fact that they are the ones paying for every cent spent for public relations, advertisements, rebates, packaging etc., since they ordinarily get included in the price calculation. Furthermore, given that countries such as the UK offer tax relief on advertisement, it
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Advertising has developed into a multibillion-dollar business. In 2014, 537 billion US dollars were spent worldwide for advertising. In 2013, TV accounted for 40.1% of ad spending, compared to a combined 18.1% for internet, 16.9% for newspapers, 7.9% for magazines, 7% for outdoor, 6.9% for radio,
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increases, it makes it that much more difficult for any particular advertiser to succeed, hence pushing the advertiser to even greater efforts." Within a decade, advertising on radio climbed to nearly 18 or 19 minutes per hour. On prime-time television, the standard until 1982 was no more than 9.5
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are also media and advertising critics. These groups criticize the complete occupation of public spaces, surfaces, the airwaves, the media, schools etc. and the constant exposure of almost all senses to advertising messages, the invasion of privacy, and that only few consumers are aware that they
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chains spend more than 3 billion dollars a year on advertising, much of it aimed at children ... Restaurants offer incentives such as playgrounds, contests, clubs, games, and free toys and other merchandise related to movies, TV shows and even sports leagues." These businesses are constantly
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and it has been criticized as "inadvertently or even intentionally promoting sexism, racism, heterosexualism, ableism, ageism, et cetera ... At very least, advertising often reinforces stereotypes by drawing on recognizable "types" in order to tell stories in a single image or 30 second time
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In addition, the private media are increasingly subject to mergers and concentration with property situations often becoming entangled and opaque. This development, which Henry A. Giroux calls an "ongoing threat to democratic culture", by itself should suffice to sound all alarms in a democracy.
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in marketing research". Vast amounts of data on persons and their shopping habits are collected, accumulated, aggregated and analysed with the aid of credit cards, bonus cards, raffles and internet surveying. With increasing accuracy this supplies a picture of behaviour, wishes and weaknesses of
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Austria: Municipal announcement levies on advertising through writing, pictures or lights in public areas or publicly accessible areas with varying tariffs depending on the fee, the surface or the duration of the advertising measure as well as advertising tariffs on paid ads in printed media of
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In advertisements, cigarettes "are used as a fashion accessory and appeal to young women. Other influences on young people include the linking of sporting heroes and smoking through sports sponsorship, the use of cigarettes by popular characters in television programmes and cigarette promotions.
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The prime function of many Hollywood films today is to aid in the selling of the immense collection of commodities. As public funds are drained from the non-commercial cultural sector, art galleries, museums and symphonies bid for corporate sponsorship." In the same way affected is the education
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is the only design or is an important part of it. There is only a little room left outside the consumption economy, in which culture and art can develop independently and where alternative values can be expressed. A last important sphere, the universities, is under strong pressure to open up for
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Currently or in the near future, any number of cases are and will be working their way through the court system that would seek to prohibit any government regulation of ... commercial speech (e.g. advertising or food labelling) on the grounds that such regulation would violate citizens' and
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Over time, this domination of the surroundings has become the "natural" state. Through long-term commercial saturation, it has become implicitly understood by the public that advertising has the right to own, occupy and control every inch of available space. The steady normalization of invasive
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The gargoyle's mouth is a loudspeaker, powered by the vested interest of a two-billion dollar industry, and back of that the vested interests of business as a whole, of industry, of finance. It is never silent, it drowns out all other voices, and it suffers no rebuke, for it is not the voice of
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The movie system, at one time outside the direct influence of the broader marketing system, is now fully integrated into it through the strategies of licensing, tie-ins and product placements. The prime function of many Hollywood films today is to aid in the selling of the immense collection of
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Negative and undesired reporting can be prevented or influenced when advertisers threaten to cancel orders or simply when there is a danger of such a cancellation. Media dependency and such a threat become very real when there is only one dominant or very few large advertisers. The influence of
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has a similar business-funded programme called Willie Munchright. "While such interventions are claimed to be designed to encourage children to be critical of commercial messages in general, critics of the marketing industry suggest that the motivation is simply to be seen to address a problem
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The average Canadian child sees 350,000 TV commercials before graduating from high school, spends nearly as much time watching TV as attending classes. In 1980 the Canadian province of Quebec banned advertising for children under age 13. "In upholding the constitutional validity of the Quebec
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former executive Helmut Thoma "private stations shall not and cannot serve any mission but only the goal of the company which is the 'acceptance by the advertising business and the viewer'. The setting of priorities in this order actually says everything about the 'design of the programmes' by
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an audience to purchase products, ideals or services regardless of whether they want or need them. While advertising can be seen as a way to inform the audience about a certain product or idea it also comes with a cost because the sellers have to find a way to show the seller interest in their
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has become unavoidable. Traditional billboards and transit shelters have cleared the way for more pervasive methods such as wrapped vehicles, sides of buildings, electronic signs, kiosks, taxis, posters, sides of buses, and more. Digital technologies are used on buildings to sport 'urban wall
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Attention and attentiveness have become a new commodity for which a market developed. "The amount of attention that is absorbed by the media and redistributed in the competition for quotas and reach is not identical with the amount of attention, that is available in society. The total amount
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For advertising critics another serious problem is that, "the long standing notion of separation between advertising and editorial/creative sides of media is rapidly crumbling" and advertising is increasingly hard to tell apart from news, information or entertainment. The boundaries between
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show up everywhere, and children aren't exempt. Far from it. The animated film, Foodfight, had 'thousands of products and character icons from the familiar (items) in a grocery store.' Children's books also feature branded items and characters, and millions of them have snack foods as lead
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Advertising draws "heavily on psychological theories about how to create subjects, enabling advertising and marketing to take on a 'more clearly psychological tinge'. Increasingly, the emphasis in advertising has switched from providing 'factual' information to the symbolic connotations of
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or popular figures and makes deliberate use of humor as well as of associations with color, tunes, certain names and terms. These are factors of how one perceives oneself and one's self-worth. In his description of 'mental capitalism' Franck says, "the promise of consumption making someone
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Italy: Municipal tax on acoustic and visual kinds of advertisements within the municipality (imposta comunale sulla pubblicitĂ ) and municipal tax on signs, posters and other kinds of advertisements (diritti sulle pubbliche affisioni), the tariffs of which are under the jurisdiction of the
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advertising dulls the public's perception of their surroundings, re-enforcing a general attitude of powerlessness toward creativity and change, thus a cycle develops enabling advertisers to slowly and consistently increase the saturation of advertising with little or no public outcry."
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According to critics, the total commercialization of all fields of society, the privatization of public space, the acceleration of consumption and waste of resources including the negative influence on lifestyles and on the environment has not been noticed to the necessary extent. The
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Web sites targeted to children may also display advertisements, though there are fewer ads on non-profit web sites than on for-profit sites and those ads were less likely to contain enticements. However, even ads on non-profit sites may link to sites that collect personal information.
1799:"Corporate advertising (or commercial media) is the largest single psychological project ever undertaken by the human race. Yet for all of that, its impact on us remains unknown and largely ignored. When I think of the media's influence over years, over decades, I think of those
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Consumer Protection Act, R.S.Q., c. P-40.1, ss. 248-9 (see also: ss. 87–91 of the Consumer Protection Regulations, R.R.Q., 1981, c. P-40.1; and Application Guide for Sections 248 and 249 of the Quebec Consumer Protection Act (Advertising Intended for Children Under 13 Years of
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frame." Activities are depicted as typical male or female (stereotyping). In addition, people are reduced to their sexuality or equated with commodities and gender specific qualities are exaggerated. Sexualized female bodies, but increasingly also males, serve as eye-catchers.
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Research suggests that young people are aware of the most heavily advertised cigarette brands." Alcohol is portrayed in advertising similarly to smoking, "Alcohol ads continue to appeal to children and portrayals of alcohol use in the entertainment media are extensive". The
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Advertising is accused of hijacking the language and means of pop culture, of protest movements and even of subversive criticism and does not shy away from scandalizing and breaking taboos (e.g. Benetton). This in turn incites counter action, what Kalle Lasn in 2001 called
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advertisers is not only in regard to news or information on their own products or services but expands to articles or shows not directly linked to them. In order to secure their advertising revenues the media have to create the best possible 'advertising environment'.
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offers one of the world's most comprehensive collections of media education and Internet literacy resources. Its member organizations represent the public, non-profit but also private sectors. Although it stresses its independence, it accepts financial support from
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is glamorized and shown without consequences in advertisements, music, magazines, television, film, etc. The advertisements include alcoholic beverages with colorful packaging and sweet tasting flavors, catering to the interests and likes of children and teens. The
1616:"now has been 'licensed to sell'". As it has become standard practice to place products in motion pictures, it "has self-evident implications for what types of films will attract product placements and what types of films will therefore be more likely to get made".
1487:– the translation of human relations into commodity relations – although a phenomenon intrinsic to capitalism, has expanded exponentially." Cause-related marketing in which advertisers link their product to some worthy social cause has boomed over the past decade.
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advertising and programming are becoming blurred. According to the media firms all this commercial involvement has no influence over actual media content, but as McChesney puts it, "this claim fails to pass even the most basic giggle test, it is so preposterous."
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as well as almost 50 private broadcast partners and others. Concerned Children's Advertisers was an example for similar organizations in other countries, like 'Media smart' in the United Kingdom, with offspring in Germany, France, the Netherlands and Sweden.
1910:
will be given away for "free" or by giving away items in exchange for a credit card sign-up. An article called "Why Credit Card Companies Target College Students" by The Balance talks about how, "One in 10 college students leaves with over $ 10,000 in debt."
2075:
1580:"Journalists have long faced pressure to shape stories to suit advertisers and owners ... the vast majority of TV station executives found their news departments 'cooperative' in shaping the news to assist in 'non-traditional revenue development."
2332:
Netherlands: Advertising tax (reclamebelastingen) with varying tariffs on certain advertising measures (excluding ads in newspapers and magazines) which can be levied by municipalities depending on the kind of advertising (billboards, neon signs
1884:
Business is interested in children and adolescents because of their buying power and because of their influence on the shopping habits of their parents. As they are easier to influence they are especially targeted by the advertising business.
1902:
Kids will carry forward brand expectations, whether positive, negative, or indifferent. Kids are already accustomed to being catered to as consumers. The long term prize: Loyalty of the kid translates into a brand loyal adult customer"
2180:
Consumer protection associations, environment protection groups, globalization opponents, consumption critics, sociologists, media critics, scientists and many others deal with the negative aspects of advertising. "Antipub" in France,
2306:
concerted effort by national commercial interests, which withdrew planned conventions, causing major losses to the tourism industry, and cancelled advertising, causing a loss of 12 million dollars to the broadcast industry alone".
1791:
so that the voice of commerce becomes the dominant way of expression in society." Advertising critics see advertising as the leading light in our culture. Sut Jhally and James Twitchell go beyond considering advertising as kind of
1716:
Every visually perceptible place has potential for advertising, especially urban areas with their structures but also landscapes in sight of thoroughfares are more and more turning into media for advertisements. Signs, posters,
1933:
under age 13 (in the case of a challenge by a toy company) the Court held: '... advertising directed at young children is per se manipulative. Such advertising aims to promote products by convincing those who will always
1780:"Advertising has an "agenda setting function" which is the ability, with huge sums of money, to put consumption as the only item on the agenda. In the battle for a share of the public conscience this amounts to non-treatment (
1633:
media, journalism, and communication could have troubling implications for democracy is excluded from the range of legitimate debate" just as "capitalism is off-limits as a topic of legitimate debate in US political culture".
1698:"In sports adjustment into the logic of the media can contribute to the erosion of values such as equal chances or fairness, to excessive demands on athletes through public pressure and multiple exploitation or to deceit (
4061:
1362:
Georg Franck at Vienna University of Technology, says that advertising is part of what he calls "mental capitalism", taking up a term (mental) which has been used by groups concerned with the mental environment, such as
1772:
1619:
Advertising and information are increasingly hard to distinguish from each other. "The borders between advertising and media ... become more and more blurred. ... What August Fischer, chairman of the board of
2310:
services are taxed and in some advertising is subject to special taxation although on a very low level. In many cases the taxation refers especially to media with advertising (e.g. Austria, Italy, Greece, Netherlands,
2063:
has a big financial stake in underage drinking, hoping to gain lifelong customers. Therefore, the media are overrun with alcohol ads which appeal to children, involving animal characters, popular music, and comedy.
1587:
Another problem considered censorship by critics is the refusal of media to accept advertisements that are not in their interest. A striking example of this is the refusal of TV stations to broadcast ads by
2006:
states that children between the ages of 2–11 on average see 15 food based commercials on television daily. Most of these commercial involve high-sugar and high-fat foods, which adds to the problem of
1624:
publishing company considers to be a 'proven partnership between the media and advertising business' critics regard as nothing but the infiltration of journalistic duties and freedoms". According to
1204:
As advertising has become prevalent in modern society, it is increasingly being criticized. Advertising occupies public space and more and more invades the private sphere of people. According to
2877:(ed.), Die Kanäle der Macht. Herrschaft und Freiheit im Medienzeitalter, Philosophicum Lech Vol. 6, Vienna: Zsolnay, 2003, pp. 36–60; preprint in Merkur No. 645, January 2003, S. 1–15
2369:
is the path to happiness, governmental restraint of market excess is the cause of our distress, and economic globalization is both a historical inevitability and a boon to the human species."
1276:
incorporate products into their content. Special commercial patient channels in hospitals and public figures sporting temporary tattoos. A method unrecognisable as advertising is so-called
2292:
on the internet. Their goal is "symbolically restoring everyone's right to non-exposure". They achieve their goal by using stickers of the "Close Window" buttons used to close pop-up ads.
2177:
and stickers on mail boxes reading "No Advertising", and an increasing number of court cases indicate a growing interest of people to restrict or rid themselves of unwelcome advertising.
2095:, much of it in the form of advertising, is an issue in all the world's large cities. But what is pollution to some is a vibrant part of a city's fabric to others. New York City without
1687:
Not the sale of tickets but transmission rights, sponsoring and merchandising in the meantime make up the largest part of sports association's and sports club's revenues with the IOC (
2107:
would be just a London roundabout without its signage. Still, other cities, like Moscow, have reached their limit and have begun to crack down on over-the-top outdoor advertising.
2381:
This example could be part of balancing Countercyclical Fiscal policy with reductions in consumption, in order to reduce the costs of attaining a steady state or degrowth policy.
2378:
maximise effectiveness, the money could be segregated such that it could help indebted advertisers pay down their debts or to subsidise charity and cyclical-economy-based adverts
2924:
1998:
were outside of the law's boundaries. Government attempts to put a heavy burden on food marketers in order to prevent the issue, but food marketers enjoy the benefits of the
1702:, manipulation of results ...). It is in the very interest of the media and sports to counter this danger because media sports can only work as long as sport exists.
1074:
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2033:
4577:
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2642:
1842:
a servant of men and children that reacts to the demands and complaints of her loved ones with a bad conscience and the promise for immediate improvement (wash, food)
4158:
2219:
1981:
industry is facing increased pressure over claimed links between exposure to food advertising and a range of social problems, especially growing obesity levels." "
2848:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas". Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), pp. 252, 249, 254, 256,
583:
2038:
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Advertising itself is extensively considered to be a contribution to culture. Advertising is integrated into fashion. On many pieces of clothing the company
1599:
While critics basically worry about the subtle influence of the economy on the media, there are also examples of blunt exertion of influence. The US company
1270:
are dumped into North America's collective unconscious". In the course of their life, the average American watches three years of advertising on television.
3675:
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Belgium: Advertising or billboard tax (taxe d'affichage or aanplakkingstaks) on public posters depending on size and kind of paper as well as on neon signs
1699:
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which is spreading 'buzz' about a new product in target audiences. Cash-strapped U.S. cities offer police cars for advertising. Companies buy the names of
2819:
2247:
organisations aim at training people, especially children, in the workings of the media and advertising in their programmes. In the US, for example, the
1726:
displays'. In urban areas commercial content is placed in our sight and into our consciousness every moment we are in public space. The German newspaper
3352:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas". Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), pp. 235, 237,
3311:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas". Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), pp. 269, 270,
3025:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas". Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), pp. 270, 272,
2832:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas". Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), pp. 132, 249,
1535:
and behavioural sciences, are constantly in search for ever more refined, sophisticated, subtle and crafty methods to make advertising more effective. "
2224:
45:
32:
481:
3848:
3632:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas". Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), p. 269,
3417:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas". Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), p. 213,
3392:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas". Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), p. 276,
3178:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas". Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), p. 256,
3009:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas". Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), p. 265,
2788:
2696:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas". Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), p. 272,
2680:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas". Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), p. 266,
2029:
3280:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas". Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), p.271,
3209:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas". Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), p. 43,
3105:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas". Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), p.277,
4053:
1067:
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There has also been a movement that began in Paris, France, called "POP_DOWN PROJECT" in which they equate street advertising to the annoying
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1333:, where the recipients have not consented and are provided nothing in return, have been singled out for particular criticism as instances of
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may be perceived that taxpayers are effectively offering subsidies to those companies who are able to afford not to rely on the tax relief.
401:
3823:
2755:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas". Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008),
1612:
commodities. The press called the 2002 Bond film 'Die Another Day' featuring 24 major promotional partners an 'ad-venture' and noted that
3451:
Hüther, Jürgen and Stiehler, Hans-Jörg in: Merz, Zeitschrift für Medien und Erziehung, Vol. 2006/6: merzWissenschaft – Sport und Medien,
2276:
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for products of all kinds. The aesthetical and political consequences cannot yet be foreseen." Hanno Rauterberg in the German newspaper
389:
3226:
3122:
1874:
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4189:
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1920:
The children's market, where resistance to advertising is weakest, is the "pioneer for ad creep". One example is product placement. "
1691:) taking the lead. The influence of the media brought many changes in sports including the admittance of new 'trend sports' into the
1314:
and Victory column, which was fined because it was done without a permit. The illegality was part of the scheme and added promotion.
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In 2021-22, advertisers and agencies raised concerns about the excessive volume of work and associated pressures entailed in making
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Siegert, Gabriele, Brecheis Dieter in: Werbung in der Medien- und Informationsgesellschaft, Verlag fĂĽr Sozialwissenschaften, 2005,
2154:, Brazil, ordered the downsizing or removal of all billboards and most other forms of commercial advertising in the city. In 2015,
1995:
2350:
990:
505:
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Spain: Municipalities can tax advertising measures in their territory with a rather unimportant taxes and fees of various kinds.
396:
3648:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas". Monthly Review Press (May 1, 2008),
3329:"Selon Le Lay, TF1 a une mission: fournir du "temps de cerveau humain disponible" – [Observatoire français des médias]"
2362:
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in which he stresses the influence of owners, advertisers, public relations, and economic interests on the media. In his book
2118:
estimates the nationwide total of cities and communities prohibiting the construction of new billboards to be at least 1500.
1964:
332:
3788:
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Giroux, Henry A., McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, in the foreword for: The Spectacle of Accumulation by Sut Jhally,
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themselves are bearing the costs for this. Some of these groups, such as the Billboard Liberation Front Creative Group in
1379:
and its cumulative cultural effects, unless quickly checked, will be responsible for destroying the world as we know it."
4168:
2361:
even advocates a 50% tax on advertising to counterattack what he calls "an active propaganda machinery controlled by the
1388:
2.7% for mobile and 0.5% for cinema as a share of ad spending by medium. Advertising is considered to raise consumption.
3933:"Government can regulate food advertising to children because cognitive research shows that it is inherently misleading"
3231:
1416:
1208:, "It is becoming harder to escape from advertising and the media. Public space is increasingly turning into a gigantic
955:
566:
385:
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The most important element of advertising is not information but suggestion – more or less making use of associations,
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Lasch, Christopher. The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations, Norton, New York,
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2618:"Öffentlichkeit: Werbekampagnen vereinnahmen den öffentlichen Raum | Kultur | Nachrichten auf ZEIT ONLINE"
2548:
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Two girls examining a bulletin board posted on a fence. An advertisement painted above them asks "Are You a Woman?".
3146:
McChesney, Robert W. "The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas"., (May 1, 2008), p. 277,
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were removed. To resist it is to resist the inner logic of capitalism itself, of which it is the pure expression."
1544:
995:
930:
835:
612:
486:
237:
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Lasn, Kalle in: Culture Jam: The Uncooling of America, William Morrow & Company; 1st edition (November 1999),
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have become so prevalent that they are a major nuisance to internet users, as well as being a financial burden on
37:
4535:
3683:
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France: Tax on television commercials (taxe sur la publicité télévisée) based on the cost of the advertising unit
2114:
to protect and enhance their scenic character. The following is by no means a complete list of such communities.
1368:
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1112:
850:
635:
547:
142:
69:
1911:
3824:"The world's top-earning YouTube star, an 8-year-old boy, has renamed his channel as his business empire grows"
3752:
Cai, Xiaomei (2008). "Advertisements and Privacy: Comparing For-Profit and Non-Profit Web Sites for Children".
2003:
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207:
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1523:. Universities, of course supported by business and in co-operation with other disciplines (s. above), mainly
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certain sections of a population with which advertisement can be employed more selectively and effectively.
1319:
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840:
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172:
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campaigns for the protection of children, family values, community, environmental integrity and democracy.
1721:, flags have become decisive factors in the urban appearance and their numbers are still on the increase. "
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Eicke Ulrich u. Wolfram in: Medienkinder: Vom richtigen Umgang mit der Vielfalt, Knesebeck MĂĽnchen, 1994,
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the advertising business" and the viewing rates determine the price that can be demanded for advertising.
542:
491:
461:
2739:
Kilbourne, Jean: Can't Buy My Love: How Advertising Changes the Way We Think and Feel, Touchstone, 2000,
2079:
Booklet on Roadside Beautification, National Committee for Restriction of Outdoor Advertising, circa 1925
3966:
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2023:
1960:
1267:
975:
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442:
162:
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1556:
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372:
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1871:
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1804:
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377:
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112:
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female expert, but stereotype from the fields of fashion, cosmetics, food or at the most, medicine
1345:
In the US, advertising is equated with constitutionally guaranteed freedom of opinion and speech.
1189:
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3793:
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2925:"Internet Ad Spend To Reach $ 121B In 2014, 23% Of $ 537B Total Ad Spend, Ad Tech Boosts Display"
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Richter, Hans JĂĽrgen. EinfĂĽhrung in das Image-Marketing. Feldtheoretische Forschung. Stuttgart:
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universe under the force of modern marketing. With the rise to prominence of modern marketing,
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2716:
2697:
2681:
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2427:
2411:
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2007:
1921:
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Advertising often uses stereotype gender specific roles of men and women reinforcing existing
1739:
1566:
1432:
1315:
1303:
1232:
1108:
755:
720:
588:
302:
257:
117:
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writes: "20th century advertising is the most powerful and sustained system of propaganda in
4018:
4002:
3946:
3761:
3079:
2553:
2515:
2390:
2238:
2230:
2193:
have become established terms in the anti-advertising community. On the international level
2092:
2060:
1857:
doing ground-work for others, e.g. serving coffee while a journalist interviews a politician
1263:
1152:
1130:
1010:
845:
770:
685:
680:
640:
307:
262:
77:
3126:
4534:
Korten, David. (1995) When Corporations Rule the World. 2. Edition 2001: Berrett-Koehler,
4193:
4163:
3459:
2980:
2432:
2405:
2186:
1999:
1990:
1641:
1507:
1334:
1197:
1145:
1122:
985:
970:
830:
785:
735:
665:
408:
367:
297:
287:
277:
197:
152:
137:
127:
107:
4514:
3452:
2660:
4460:
3706:"Leichtes Spiel fĂĽr die Werbeindustrie : Textarchiv : Berliner Zeitung Archiv"
3300:
2903:
1577:
Five or six advertising agencies dominate this 400 billion U.S. dollar global industry.
4023:
3990:
3937:
2244:
2170:
2115:
1977:
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1767:
1747:
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910:
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660:
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536:
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282:
202:
3436:
Report of the Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health, Prepared March 20, 1998, in
1371:
into the mental capitalism: In his essay "Advertising at the Edge of the Apocalypse",
4571:
3876:"Commercial media literacy: what does it do, to whom-and does it matter? (22-JUN-07)"
3773:
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1759:
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1711:
1604:
1528:
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in entertainment programming and movies, where it has become standard practice and
1205:
1177:
1176:(sub-conscious influencing, invasion of privacy, increasing consumption and waste,
1134:
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1005:
730:
670:
645:
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327:
267:
252:
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187:
147:
4215:
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1539:
is a controversial new field of marketing which uses medical technologies such as
3903:"Special Issues for Young Children: Junk food advertising and nutrition concerns"
4116:
Baran, Paul and Sweezy, Paul (1964) "Monopoly Capital" in: McChesney, Robert W.
2417:
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2281:
2253:
2198:
1848:
a technically totally clueless being that can only manage a childproof operation
1651:
1491:
1448:
1425:
1404:
before proceeding, "run a positive pledge" and "provide a positive resolution".
1400:
1355:
tobacco and alcohol have been introduced by the US, the EU and other countries.
1323:
1322:
in society; "Advertising serves not so much to advertise products as to promote
1156:
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negatively portrayed as incompetent and the butt of every joke in advertising.
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Eicke, Ulrich in: Die Werbelawine. Angriff auf unser BewuĂźtsein. MĂĽnchen, 1991
2549:"The Crisis of Attention Theft—Ads That Steal Your Time for Nothing in Return"
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2422:
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and many of them are exclusively advertising media and, with the exception of
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272:
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92:
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2002:
which limits government's power to prevent advertising against children. The
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2893:. (The Culture of Narcissism), 1. Edition. Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg 1995.
2215:
2211:
2190:
2111:
1982:
1973:
1781:
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1480:
1464:
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1255:
1209:
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1141:
1035:
935:
750:
514:
317:
97:
4032:
3958:
2504:"Advertising morality: maintaining moral worth in a stigmatized profession"
1831:
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such as illness, weaknesses, loneliness, need, uncertainty, security or of
23:
4557:
4006:
4241:"Can cities kick ads? Inside the global movement to ban urban billboards"
3991:"The impact of the media on eating disorders in children and adolescents"
3083:
2617:
2155:
1793:
1600:
1405:
1220:
1095:
1020:
815:
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works with parody and humour to raise awareness about advertising, and
4062:
National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University
2315:
2261:
2125:
1808:
1287:
1283:
1247:
598:
447:
3789:"Popular YouTube Toy Review Channel Accused of Blurring Lines for Ads"
3198:
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2311:
2159:
2143:
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1969:
1763:
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1216:
calls advertising a new kind of dictatorship that cannot be escaped.
880:
800:
357:
4346:
4050:"ERIC ED461810: Teen Tipplers: America's Underage Drinking Epidemic"
3559:
1784:) of whatever is not commercial and whatever is not advertised for.
1367:. Franck blends the "Economy of Attention" with Christopher Lasch's
4159:"São Paulo Sells Itself – Inner Workings of the World's Megacities"
3368:
Rorty, James: "Our Master's Voice: Advertising" Ayer Co Pub, 1976,
1787:
With increasing force, advertising makes itself comfortable in the
4367:
4216:"Brazil's ad men face billboard ban, BBC News, September 19, 2006"
4138:
The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas
4118:
The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas
4098:
The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas
2269:
2265:
2137:
2100:
2074:
2037:
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and that advertising even replaces religion as a key institution.
1771:
1592:. Groups try to place advertisements and are refused by networks.
1415:
1350:
corporations' First Amendment rights to free speech or free press.
1188:
960:
520:
4435:
2457:"Slashdot | ISP Operator Barry Shein Answers Spam Questions"
1290:
soccer Volkspark stadium first became the AOL Arena and then the
4190:"Scenic America: Communities Prohibiting Billboard Construction"
2904:"Sut Jhally Website – Advertising at the Edge of the Apocalypse"
2873:
Lecture held at Philosophicum Lech (Austria) 2002, published in
1677:
1472:
1468:
3732:"Marketing Food to Children: The Global Regulatory Environment"
2585:. (Economy of Attention), 1. Edition. Carl Hanser, March 1998,
1730:
called it a new kind of "dictatorship that one cannot escape".
1125:
and often interchangeable. Critics can refer to advertising's:
4368:"Commercial Alert — Protecting communities from commercialism"
4076:
1845:
a sexual or emotional play toy for the self-affirmation of men
1090:
is a form of selling a product to a certain audience in which
17:
1636:
An early critic of the structural basis of US journalism was
4409:
1246:
Opponents equate the growing amount of advertising with a "
4485:
4388:
4304:
4286:
3595:. The Media Awareness Network (MNet). 2010. Archived from
2162:, similarly banned all billboards and public advertising.
1838:
In advertising, it is usually a woman that is depicted as
1408:
to unsuccessful bidders is a key element of this process.
4325:
4140:. Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), p. 281,
4100:. Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), p. 279,
3849:"How This 7-Year-Old Made $ 22 Million Playing With Toys"
4120:. Monthly Review Press, New York, (May 1, 2008), p. 52,
3299:
Jhally, Sut. Advertising at the edge of the apocalypse:
3041:
Miller and Rose, 1997, cited in Thrift, 1999, p. 67
2939:"ZAW – Zentralverband der deutschen Werbewirtschaft e.V"
1318:
states that advertising leads to an overall increase in
3447:
3445:
2503:
1870:
on its diesel cars in the US for the past seven years"
3295:
3293:
2146:– State referendum passed in 1998 prohibits billboards
2121:
A number of states in the US prohibit all billboards:
3000:, published 16 August 2022, accessed 27 December 2022
1807:
in a Montreal psychiatric hospital in the 1950s (see
3549:(Urban TB, 1977). Hieraus: Aufgabe der Werbung S. 12
2938:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2140:– Removed all billboards in the 1970s and early '80s
2043:"More Doctors Smoke Camels than Any Other Cigarette"
1258:
messages per day. Every day an estimated 12 billion
2885:
2883:
1519:The efficiency of advertising is improved through
3870:
3868:
3432:
3430:
3125:. Commercialalert.org. 1999-10-31. Archived from
2034:Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States
1986:reaping the benefits of this child manipulation.
3193:
3191:
2960:"gov.uk allowable business expenses - marketing"
2611:
2609:
2607:
2480:. Media-awareness.ca. 2009-02-13. Archived from
2099:'s huge digital billboards or Tokyo without the
1447:such as happiness, health, fitness, appearance,
3331:. Observatoire Medias Australia. Archived from
1347:
4044:
4042:
3500:Stay Free Nr. 16, On Advertising, Summer 1999
2539:
2537:
2318:). Tax on advertising in European countries:
1479:– become mere means for the expansion of the
1250:" and restrictions with "damming" the flood.
1068:
8:
3971:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3931:Graff, S., Kunkel, D., Mermin E. S. (2012).
3255:
3253:
2711:
2709:
2641:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2071:Opposition and campaigns against advertising
1898:Purchase Influencers ($ 20 billion annually)
1888:Children "represent three distinct markets:
1459:, identity, adventure, distraction, reward,
1306:. The former SkyDome in Toronto was renamed
4266:"Billboard Liberation Front Creative Group"
3261:"Seminar: Werbewelten – Werbung und Medien"
1892:Primary Purchasers ($ 2.9 billion annually)
2110:"Many communities have chosen to regulate
1075:
1061:
397:The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures
64:
4022:
3989:Morris, Anne M; Katzman, Debra K (2003).
3474:. The Anti-Advertising Agency. 2006-01-23
3073:
3060:Hudson, R. (2008). "JEG – Sign In Page".
2616:Die Zeit, Hamburg, Germany (2008-11-13).
2502:Cohen, Andrew C.; Dromi, Shai M. (2018).
1673:featured commercial props in their sets.
4192:. Scenic.org. 2008-08-01. Archived from
2583:Ă–konomie der Aufmerksamkeit. Ein Entwurf
1929:Consumer Protection Act restrictions on
1435:and drives in the subconscious, such as
482:Surplus: Terrorized into Being Consumers
48:of all important aspects of the article.
4578:Advertising and marketing controversies
4305:"Résistance À l'Agression Publicitaire"
2448:
2103:'s commercial panorama is unthinkable.
2030:Alcohol advertising on college campuses
1915:
1754:Sexism, discrimination and stereotyping
1302:, the Dortmund Westfalenstadion is the
76:
4054:Education Resources Information Center
3964:
3408:Jhally, Sut in: Stay Free Nr. 16, 1999
2818:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2811:
2634:
2365:" which "constantly reassures us that
2220:RĂ©sistance Ă l'Aggression Publicitaire
1467:, learned opinions and comforts. "All
44:Please consider expanding the lead to
4058:United States Department of Education
3984:
3982:
3512:"The Negative Effects of Advertising"
2659:. Commercialalert.org. Archived from
2459:. interviews.slashdot.org. 2003-03-03
2134:– Removed all billboards in the 1920s
2128:– Removed all billboards in the 1970s
1895:Future Consumers (Brand-loyal adults)
1541:functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
467:Affluenza: The All-Consuming Epidemic
7:
4287:"Under Construction illegalsigns.ca"
1490:Advertising uses the model role of
4482:"Concerned Children's Advertisers"
2014:Cigarettes and alcohol advertising
1916:Children's exposure to advertising
14:
3884:. Accessmylibrary.com. 2007-06-22
3708:. Berlinonline.de. Archived from
2391:Advertising mail § Criticism
454:Profit over People: Neoliberalism
424:Future Primitive and Other Essays
4556:
4239:Mahdawi, Arwa (12 August 2015).
3560:"Humanistische Union: Aktuelles"
3438:Archive.official-documents.co.uk
3263:(in German). Viadrina.euv-ffo.de
2351:When Corporations Rule the World
2277:Concerned Children's Advertisers
2275:Canadian businesses established
1989:In 2006, 44 of the largest U.S.
1196:are a commonly cited example of
926:
925:
22:
4075:Schechter, Danny (2009-04-16).
3123:"Psychology — Commercial Alert"
2296:Taxation as revenue and control
1689:International Olympic Committee
1669:campaigns. Broadway shows like
1647:Our Master's Voice: Advertising
363:The Theory of the Leisure Class
36:may be too short to adequately
4214:Plummer, Robert (2006-09-19).
3995:Paediatrics & Child Health
3754:Communication Research Reports
2229:in France, where media critic
2165:Technical appliances, such as
1996:children's television programs
1965:Adolescents and food marketing
1946:Child social-media advertising
1825:Jamming the Jam of the Jammers
1551:Media and corporate censorship
1475:– the deepest recesses of the
333:Sustainable consumer behaviour
46:provide an accessible overview
1:
4484:. Cca-kids.ca. Archived from
4459:. Cca-kids.ca. Archived from
4349:. The Anti-Advertising Agency
4347:"The Anti-Advertising Agency"
4157:Downie, Andrew (2008-02-08).
3704:Melanie Rother (2008-05-31).
3062:Journal of Economic Geography
2994:Make pitching a positive tool
2657:"Ad Creep — Commercial Alert"
1803:experiments conducted by Dr.
382:The Society of the Spectacle
4588:Social impact of advertising
4389:"Media Education Foundation"
4326:"Media Education Foundation"
3909:(MNet). 2010. Archived from
3579:YTV's 2007 Tween Report in:
3235:. 2008-04-04. Archived from
2891:Das Zeitalter des Narzissmus
2363:world's largest corporations
1506:Before advertising is done,
1324:consumption as a way of life
1180:, certain products, honesty)
1105:Unsolicited commercial email
567:Institute for Social Ecology
3907:The Media Awareness Network
3787:Hsu, Tiffany (2019-09-04).
3593:"How Marketers Target Kids"
2983:, accessed 27 December 2022
2478:"How Marketers Target Kids"
2373:Alternative uses of revenue
2233:is a renowned author. The
1571:public service broadcasting
1099:product. It is not without
746:Anti-globalization movement
4604:
2249:Media Education Foundation
2027:
2017:
1958:
1757:
1709:
1554:
1547:in all of human history."
1545:psychological manipulation
1424:on the Via di Propaganda,
1331:unsolicited advertisements
1231:Other growing markets are
1113:internet service providers
996:Natural resource economics
238:Feminist political ecology
168:Compulsive buying disorder
4536:San Francisco, California
4268:. Billboardliberation.com
3951:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0609
3766:10.1080/08824090701831826
3739:World Health Organization
2520:10.1007/s11186-018-9309-7
1298:Neckarstadion became the
1166:financial aspects (costs)
636:Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
143:Collaborative consumption
4563:Criticism of advertising
3730:Hawkes, Corinna (2004).
3562:. Humanistische-union.de
2401:Doppelgänger brand image
2004:Federal Trade Commission
1880:Children and adolescents
1603:, before it merged with
1119:Criticism of advertising
946:Gross National Happiness
704:Related social movements
579:Rage Against the Machine
506:Organizations and groups
193:Criticism of advertising
3227:"Adbusters' Ads Busted"
2979:Pitch Positive Pledge,
2337:usually 10% of the fee.
2235:Anti Advertising Agency
2049:cigarettes in the 1940s
1931:advertising to children
1140:environmental aspects (
1121:is closely linked with
966:Influence of mass media
896:Consumption (sociology)
891:Consumption (economics)
741:Anti-corporate activism
338:Sustainable consumption
173:Conspicuous consumption
3881:Journal of Advertising
2080:
2056:consumption of alcohol
2050:
1777:
1661:
1428:
1352:
1268:television commercials
1266:and more than 200,000
1201:
1169:time-consuming aspects
1146:increasing consumption
1144:, oversize packaging,
1129:audio-visual aspects (
543:Earth Liberation Front
487:So, What's Your Price?
462:The Cultural Creatives
4565:at Wikimedia Commons
4457:"Mission and Mandate"
4370:. Commercialalert.org
4136:McChesney, Robert W.
4096:McChesney, Robert W.
2875:Konrad Paul Liessmann
2195:globalization critics
2150:In 2006, the city of
2078:
2041:
2024:Cigarette advertising
1961:Fast food advertising
1775:
1758:Further information:
1710:Further information:
1656:
1650:the social ecologist
1555:Further information:
1471:, relationships, and
1419:
1369:culture of narcissism
1341:Constitutional rights
1286:for advertising. The
1192:
976:Intentional community
806:Libertarian socialism
781:Fossil fuel phase-out
531:Deep Green Resistance
492:What Would Jesus Buy?
443:Escape from Affluenza
4507:"DIP21.bundestag.de"
4410:"Parked domain page"
4171:on November 21, 2008
2889:Lasch, Christopher:
2624:(in German). Zeit.de
2508:Theory & Society
2356:globalization critic
2086:corporate capitalism
1557:Corporate censorship
1521:advertising research
1511:anthropologists are
1001:Non-monetary economy
921:Economic materialism
916:Ecological economics
373:The Affluent Society
323:Steady-state economy
293:Planned obsolescence
223:Ecological economics
4007:10.1093/pch/8.5.287
3096:McFall, 2002, p.162
2020:Alcohol advertising
1723:Outdoor advertising
1300:Mercedes-Benz Arena
1279:guerrilla marketing
1237:virtual advertising
1185:Hyper-commercialism
1151:political aspects (
1107:and other forms of
1026:Subsistence economy
951:Heterodox economics
871:Advanced capitalism
726:Anarcho-primitivism
711:Alter-globalization
691:Henry David Thoreau
378:One-Dimensional Man
243:Food loss and waste
233:Ethical consumerism
218:Earth Overshoot Day
178:Consumer capitalism
158:Commodity fetishism
113:Autonomous building
103:Alternative culture
4432:media-awareness.ca
3794:The New York Times
3458:2018-07-25 at the
3084:10.1093/jeg/lbn005
2547:(April 14, 2017).
2081:
2051:
2045:advertisement for
1922:Product placements
1778:
1664:Culture and sports
1654:(1890–1973) wrote:
1429:
1292:HSH Nordbank Arena
1233:product placements
1202:
1123:criticism of media
981:Left-wing politics
886:Consumer behaviour
821:Occupy Wall Street
414:Small Is Beautiful
133:Buddhist economics
86:Theories and ideas
4561:Media related to
4414:www.mediawatch.ca
4146:978-1-58367-161-0
4126:978-1-58367-161-0
4106:978-1-58367-161-0
3822:Perelli, Amanda.
3654:978-1-58367-161-0
3638:978-1-58367-161-0
3547:Kohlhammer Verlag
3510:Mularz, Stephen.
3423:978-1-58367-161-0
3398:978-1-58367-161-0
3382:978-0-405-08044-9
3358:978-1-58367-161-0
3317:978-1-58367-161-0
3286:978-1-58367-161-0
3215:978-1-58367-161-0
3184:978-1-58367-161-0
3152:978-1-58367-161-0
3111:978-1-58367-161-0
3031:978-1-58367-161-0
3015:978-1-58367-161-0
2998:Supply Management
2854:978-1-58367-161-0
2838:978-1-58367-161-0
2777:978-0-393-30738-2
2761:978-1-58367-161-0
2745:978-0-684-86600-0
2729:978-0-688-15656-5
2702:978-1-58367-161-0
2686:978-1-58367-161-0
2599:978-3-446-19348-2
2428:Attention economy
2412:Killing Us Softly
2105:Piccadilly Circus
2008:childhood obesity
1740:Piccadilly Circus
1567:advertising media
1316:Christopher Lasch
1304:Signal Iduna Park
1264:radio commercials
1085:
1084:
931:Economic problems
756:Diggers (theater)
721:Anarcho-communism
589:The Venus Project
419:To Have or to Be?
303:Political ecology
258:Green consumption
118:Billboard hacking
63:
62:
4595:
4560:
4546:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4513:. Archived from
4503:
4497:
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4494:
4493:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4453:
4447:
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4443:
4434:. Archived from
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4418:
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4406:
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4399:
4397:
4396:
4385:
4379:
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4180:
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4176:
4167:. Archived from
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4148:
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4094:
4088:
4087:
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4084:
4072:
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3859:
3847:Berg, Madeline.
3844:
3838:
3837:
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3828:Business Insider
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3809:
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3736:
3727:
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3720:
3718:
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3701:
3695:
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3692:
3691:
3682:. Archived from
3672:
3666:
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3656:
3646:
3640:
3630:
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3608:
3607:
3605:
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3570:
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3534:
3533:
3527:
3521:. Archived from
3516:
3507:
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3483:
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2354:, US author and
2239:Commercial Alert
2231:Jean Baudrillard
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2093:Visual pollution
2061:alcohol industry
1955:Food advertising
1937:
1420:Advertising for
1153:media dependency
1077:
1070:
1063:
1011:Post-materialism
929:
928:
846:Social anarchism
771:Environmentalism
686:Bernard Stiegler
681:E. F. Schumacher
641:Edward Goldsmith
456:and Global Order
439:
405:
393:
308:Post-consumerism
263:Hyperconsumerism
78:Anti-consumerism
65:
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4291:illegalsigns.ca
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4079:. Media Channel
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3460:Wayback Machine
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2906:. Sutjhally.com
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2798:
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2789:"Archived copy"
2787:
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2454:
2450:
2446:
2433:Attention theft
2406:Culture jamming
2387:
2375:
2298:
2222:
2187:culture jamming
2171:remote controls
2073:
2036:
2026:
2018:Main articles:
2016:
2000:First Amendment
1991:food industries
1967:
1957:
1948:
1935:
1918:
1882:
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1714:
1708:
1666:
1642:The Brass Check
1640:with his novel
1559:
1553:
1508:market research
1414:
1385:
1343:
1335:attention theft
1284:sports stadiums
1198:attention theft
1187:
1174:ethical aspects
1094:is intended to
1081:
1052:
1051:
1050:
986:McDonaldization
971:Informal sector
865:
857:
856:
855:
786:Green anarchism
736:Anti-capitalism
705:
697:
696:
695:
666:Donella Meadows
615:
605:
604:
603:
508:
498:
497:
496:
477:The Corporation
458:
455:
429:
409:Steal This Book
399:
383:
368:Brave New World
352:
344:
343:
342:
298:Right to repair
288:Overconsumption
278:Microgeneration
198:Culture jamming
153:Commodification
138:Buy Nothing Day
123:Buyer's remorse
108:Anti-capitalism
87:
59:
53:
50:
43:
31:This article's
27:
12:
11:
5:
4601:
4599:
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4553:
4552:External links
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4001:(5): 287–289.
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3938:Health Affairs
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3232:In These Times
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3068:(3): 421–440.
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2015:
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1978:breakfast food
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1768:discrimination
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1748:Alexanderplatz
1707:
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1638:Upton Sinclair
1552:
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1537:Neuromarketing
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617:
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584:Reverend Billy
581:
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537:Democracy Now!
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54:September 2016
40:the key points
30:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4600:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
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4566:
4564:
4559:
4551:
4545:
4544:1-887208-04-6
4541:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4517:on 2009-06-05
4516:
4512:
4508:
4502:
4499:
4488:on 2009-04-22
4487:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4463:on 2009-04-04
4462:
4458:
4452:
4449:
4438:on 2010-01-06
4437:
4433:
4429:
4428:"MediaSmarts"
4423:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4391:. Mediaed.org
4390:
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4348:
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4328:. Mediaed.org
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4307:. Antipub.org
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4196:on 2011-07-25
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3948:
3945:(2): 392–98.
3944:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3927:
3924:
3913:on 2011-10-28
3912:
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3759:
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3748:
3745:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3723:
3712:on 2012-05-30
3711:
3707:
3700:
3697:
3686:on 2011-02-15
3685:
3681:
3677:
3676:"Redirection"
3671:
3668:
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3658:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3622:3-926901-67-5
3619:
3613:
3610:
3599:on 2009-04-16
3598:
3594:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3528:on 2009-03-18
3524:
3520:
3519:mularzart.com
3513:
3506:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3488:
3485:
3473:
3472:"Our Mission"
3467:
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3374:0-405-08044-1
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3355:
3349:
3346:
3335:on 2012-03-02
3334:
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3301:Sutjhally.com
3296:
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3256:
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3239:on 2009-04-17
3238:
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3199:Sutjhally.com
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3168:3-531-13893-6
3165:
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3149:
3143:
3140:
3129:on 2009-02-21
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2927:. April 2014.
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2842:
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2835:
2829:
2826:
2821:
2815:
2801:on 2012-10-08
2797:
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2749:
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2722:
2721:0-688-15656-8
2718:
2712:
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2706:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2663:on 2012-11-14
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2591:3-446-19348-0
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2498:
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2484:on 2009-04-16
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2348:In his book,
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2258:CTVglobemedia
2255:
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2013:
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1987:
1984:
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1954:
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1925:characters."
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1455:, belonging,
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1441:herd instinct
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1401:sales pitches
1397:
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1377:human history
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1308:Rogers Centre
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1241:Grammy Awards
1238:
1234:
1229:
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1225:commercialism
1222:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1184:
1179:
1178:target groups
1175:
1172:social/moral/
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1137:and airwaves)
1136:
1135:public spaces
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1128:
1127:
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1120:
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949:
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941:Green economy
939:
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841:Slow movement
839:
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836:Situationists
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832:
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826:Postmodernism
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2396:Subvertising
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2359:David Korten
2349:
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2303:Pigovian tax
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2203:Noam Chomsky
2183:subvertising
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2167:spam filters
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2097:Times Square
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1805:Ewen Cameron
1801:brainwashing
1798:
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1760:stereotyping
1744:Times Square
1736:
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1712:public space
1706:Public space
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1477:human psyche
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1206:Georg Franck
1203:
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1101:social costs
1086:
1016:Productivism
1006:Permaculture
731:Anarcho-punk
671:Pierre Rabhi
646:Paul Goodman
626:Noam Chomsky
571:
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549:Fifth Estate
548:
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328:Subvertising
268:Laconophilia
253:Gift economy
213:Durable good
208:Downshifting
192:
188:Conviviality
148:Collapsology
128:Bioeconomics
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2418:Ad blocking
2367:consumerism
2301:would be a
2282:New Zealand
2254:Bell Canada
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2199:Naomi Klein
2175:ad blockers
1652:James Rorty
1561:Almost all
1492:celebrities
1469:human needs
1449:self-esteem
1426:Rome, Italy
1320:consumption
1274:Video games
1260:display ads
1219:Discussing
1157:free speech
1088:Advertising
1041:Veblen good
901:Cooperative
876:Advertising
811:Neo-Luddism
761:Ecofeminism
676:John Ruskin
656:Ivan Illich
631:Erich Fromm
594:The Yes Men
526:CrimethInc.
428:Fight Club
400: [
183:Consumerism
4583:Criticisms
4572:Categories
4521:2010-07-12
4492:2009-04-20
4467:2009-04-20
4442:2010-07-12
4395:2009-04-20
4374:2009-04-20
4353:2009-04-20
4332:2009-04-20
4311:2009-04-20
4272:2009-04-20
4225:2009-04-20
4200:2009-04-20
4175:2009-04-20
4083:2009-04-20
3917:2011-10-20
3888:2009-04-20
3858:2020-02-21
3833:2020-02-21
3808:2020-02-18
3716:2009-04-20
3690:2010-07-12
3603:2011-10-20
3566:2009-04-20
3532:2010-07-12
3478:2009-04-20
3339:2009-04-20
3267:2009-04-20
3243:2009-04-20
3133:2009-04-20
2981:The Pledge
2966:2024-08-29
2945:2009-04-20
2910:2009-04-20
2805:2010-07-12
2667:2009-04-20
2628:2009-04-20
2488:2009-04-20
2463:2009-04-20
2444:References
2438:Brandalism
2423:Ad fatigue
2290:pop-up ads
2112:billboards
2028:See also:
1959:See also:
1719:billboards
1614:James Bond
1563:mass media
1525:Psychiatry
1513:de rigueur
1465:prejudices
1453:reputation
1422:McDonald's
1373:Sut Jhally
1252:Kalle Lasn
1248:tidal wave
1194:Billboards
1161:censorship
1131:cluttering
1046:Workaholic
1036:Sweatshops
991:Mutual aid
791:Green left
716:Amateurism
651:André Gorz
273:Local food
248:Freeganism
228:Ecovillage
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4015:1205-7088
3803:0362-4331
3774:143261392
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3070:CiteSeerX
2637:cite news
2216:Vancouver
2212:Adbusters
2191:adbusting
2152:SĂŁo Paulo
1983:Fast food
1974:ice cream
1782:ignorance
1671:La Bohème
1626:RTL Group
1590:Adbusters
1533:Neurology
1481:commodity
1437:sex drive
1412:Influence
1365:Adbusters
1296:Stuttgart
1256:marketing
1210:billboard
1142:pollution
936:Frugality
751:Communism
555:Freecycle
515:Adbusters
318:Slow Food
98:Affluenza
38:summarize
4250:21 April
4220:BBC News
4033:20020030
3959:22323170
3456:Archived
2962:. gov.uk
2941:. Zaw.de
2814:cite web
2622:Die Zeit
2560:9 August
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1934:believe.
1794:religion
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1433:emotions
1406:Feedback
1221:ad creep
1214:Die Zeit
1096:persuade
1021:Shopping
864:See also
816:New Left
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4024:2792687
2545:Wu, Tim
2341:the fee
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613:People
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3770:S2CID
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