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253:. Strohmeyer named the "fierce ideology of the open-source community at large" as being responsible, while Farrell stated "The biggest killer of putting penguin software on the desktop was the Linux community. If you think the Apple fanboys are completely barking, they are role models of sanity to the loudmouthed Open Sauce religious loonies who are out there. Like many fundamentalists they are totally inflexible — waving a GNU as if it were handed down by God to Richard Stallman".
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319:, which have a more or less limited selection of applications and typically lag behind the latest releases, as the software has to be picked up by the software maintainer and packaged to run on the specific distribution and release. Caitlyn Martin from LinuxDevCenter wrote critically on the lack of standardization and compatibility between distributions:
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The Linux software ecosystem has expanded significantly, with a wide range of applications available for various needs. While there may still be gaps compared to proprietary operating systems, the availability of open-source alternatives and compatibility with
Windows and macOS software has improved.
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Linux has in the past been criticized for a lack of driver support; however, this was largely due to manufacturers not supporting the Linux system. It wasn't until 2004 that ATI started development of Linux drivers. Major adoption of Linux in servers and
Android has encouraged driver development for
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I think it's really this diversity of choice that has protected Linux, and given it its strong niche outside the control of one company or entity. You can't say the same about
Windows or OS X, which are solely controlled by Microsoft and Apple. Whatever choices Apple or Microsoft make, you're pretty
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There was an opportunity for it to happen. Canonical had got its Ubuntu
Operating System up to speed and Redmond was still shipping its piss poor Vista Operating System. Even Apple's Leopard was nothing to write home about. But it didn't happen and now it is unlikely to do so. While Linux will rule
394:
Backwards compatibility, and compatibility across Linux distributions is not a sexy problem. It is not even remotely an interesting problem to solve. Nobody wants to do that work, everyone wants to innovate, and be responsible for the next big feature in Linux. So Linux was left with idealists that
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The problem has been largely fixed in recent years and there are now a fairly large number of drivers, adding support to most wireless cards available today. However, many features are still missing from these drivers, mostly due to manufacturers not providing specifications and documentation, and
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consistent and backwards compatible being cited as factors. This particularly causes difficulties for closed-source applications, which are distributed exclusively as binaries, since the burden of ensuring compatibility with the myriad of Linux distributions and release versions is borne solely by
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Both critics indicated that Linux did not fail on the desktop due to being "too geeky," "too hard to use," or "too obscure". Both had praise for distributions, Strohmeyer saying "the best-known distribution, Ubuntu, has received high marks for usability from every major player in the technology
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We don't need to keep reinventing Linux, creating distributions that put critical bits in interesting and inventive if unusual places. An application written for Linux should be relatively simple to install on any Linux distribution. It ain't so. Do we really need hundreds of general purpose
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Linux desktop operating systems are criticized for the difficulty of developing third-party applications for the platforms, with distribution fragmentation, insistence on using shared libraries instead of including the libraries with the application, and lack of concern given to keeping
285:
Remember the 1980s worries about how the "forking" of Unix could hurt that operating system's chances for adoption? That was nothing compared to the mess we've got today with Linux, where upwards of 300 distributions vie for the attention of computer users seeking an alternative to
256:
The accusation of over-zealous advocacy has been dealt with previously; in 2006 Dominic
Humphries stated that the aims of the Linux community are not desktop market-share or popularity, but in Linux being the best operating system that can be made for the community.
185:
has expressed that he intended the Linux kernel to be used in desktop operating systems. He argues that
Android is widely used because it comes pre-installed on new phones, and that Linux distributions would need to be bundled on new computers to gain market share.
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more difficult, since applications have to be adapted to run on each distribution or family of distributions. This fragmentation also complicates software installation, forcing non-technical users who cannot build applications from source and resolve
381:
Chief Open Source
Officer, criticized the lack of standardization across distributions for creating an unfriendly environment for application development, writing that it "basically tells app developers ‘go away, focus on platforms that care about
529:. In particular, the Linux directory structure is criticized for scattering application-specific components in different system directories instead of keeping them in a common application-specific directory. Some Linux distributions like
233:
executive editor Robert
Strohmeyer commented that although Linux has exceptional security and stability, as well as great performance and usability, the time for desktop Linux to succeed has been missed. Nick Farrell, writing for
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Many modern Linux distributions have become more user-friendly, with intuitive interfaces and streamlined setup processes. Desktop environments like GNOME and KDE have evolved to offer a more polished and consistent experience.
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Linux's success in server environments has contributed to a growing perception of its stability and reliability. This has led to increased adoption in enterprise desktop environments, where it is often used alongside
Windows.
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lists 250 active distributions. Critics cite the large number as cause for confusion to prospective users and argue it is a factor preventing the widespread adoption of Linux on consumer desktops. Alexander Wolfe wrote in
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Driver support has improved significantly, with most common hardware components now well-supported by Linux. While there may still be occasional compatibility issues, they are generally less prevalent than in the past.
201:, believed that Linux would never be important to desktop/notebook users, even though he felt it was simple and straightforward to use, but that its low usage was indicative of its low importance in the desktop market.
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distributions, all with different tools, different filesystem layouts, variations on three major software package management schemes and a host of oddball ones, and so on? Do we need yet more to crop up?
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and having a steep learning curve, being inadequate for desktop use, lacking support for some hardware, having a relatively small games library, and lacking native versions of widely used applications.
413:
Every GNU/Linux distribution at the moment (including Ubuntu) confuses system software with end user software, whereas they are two very different beasts which should be treated very, very differently.
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Gaming on Linux has also made strides, with many popular games being ported to the platform and with the support of initiatives like Proton, which enables running
Windows games on Linux.
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One of the things, none of the distributions have ever done right is application packaging making binaries for linux desktop applications is a major fucking pain in the ass.
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One of the things, none of the distributions have ever done right is application packaging making binaries for linux desktop applications is a major fucking pain in the ass
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was particularly criticized for not releasing drivers. This issue was also worked around by extracting proprietary firmware for use on Linux. Broadcom has since released
328:
However, Linux advocates have defended the large number of distributions as promoting of freedom of choice and describe the diversity as a key strength. Jim Lynch from
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and the resulting fragmentation divides and wastes development efforts and resources, it is asserted that the lack of standardization between distributions for
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independent of the libraries, configuration and idiosyncrasies of a particular distribution, but even this approach has been criticized of fragmentation.
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stated that the lack of usability in many open-source and Linux tools is not from lack of manuals but from a lack of thought about the users' experience.
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are seeking to remedy the issue of software fragmentation by instead packaging applications with all the required dependencies to enable them to run as
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and moonOS have proposed alternative hierarchies that were argued to be easier for end users, though such proposals have achieved little acceptance.
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Wireless driver support has been a problem area for Linux. At one time many drivers were missing and users were required to use solutions such as
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Despite these criticisms, significant progress has been made in addressing many of the challenges associated with desktop Linux in recent years.
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Some critics do not believe Linux will ever gain a large share in the desktop market. In May 2009 Preston Gralla, contributing editor to
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wanted to design the best possible system without having to worry about boring details like support and backwards compatibility.
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desktop environment, regards the disregard of backwards compatibility as a cultural issue with the Linux development community:
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Desktop Linux was criticized in late 2010 for having missed its opportunity to become a significant force in desktop computing.
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James Donald from Princeton University analyzed shared library concepts of several operating systems. In his 2003 paper titled
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in order to make software more compatible across distributions; however, it had very limited adoption. Projects such as
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Fast, flexible and free, Linux is taking over the online world. But there is growing unease about security weaknesses.
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A criticism often leveled against Linux is the abundance of distributions available. As of July 2023,
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850:"An email to Eric Raymond, regarding my adventures in LiveCD Linux -or- Why Bill Gates is Still Rich"
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stated that it is very difficult for programmers to know which audio API to use for which purpose.
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also voiced his unhappiness with the binary application packaging for the Linux distro ecosystem:
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876:"Living (and dying) with Linux in the workplace – A brief foray into Linux for the enterprise"
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134:. These criticisms have been aimed at the plethora of issues and lack of consistency between
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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1546:"Gigabyte response to ACPI problem under Linux: Use windows, we do not support Linux"
1474:"2009: software installation in GNU/Linux is still broken -- and a path to fixing it"
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drivers for the Linux kernel, eliminating the issues for modern Broadcom chipsets.
1743:"The GoboLinux directory structure brings a fresh, clean look the Linux system..."
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2009: software installation in GNU/Linux is still broken – and a path to fixing it
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784:
Q&A session with Linus Torvalds: Why is Linux not competitive on desktop?
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market, and Linux is used on most servers, as of 2021 exclusively run on the
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by themselves to rely on precompiled packages from distribution-specific
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Linus Torvalds Interviewed on Stage at LinuxCon + CloudOpen Europe 2013
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Attempts have been made to standardize Linux distributions through the
1049:"Linux's chance has gone: Desktop dream deader than a Norwegian Blue"
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roots in the 1970s, has been criticized as inappropriate for desktop
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discusses the complicated Linux audio infrastructure in the analysis
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Linux has been criticized for a number of reasons, including lack of
154:
1245:"Open source mobile operating systems need to control fragmentation"
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405:, identified problems in the server roots of Linux in his article
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138:, their usefulness and ease of use as desktop systems for general
127:
1291:"How Software Installation & Package Managers Work On Linux"
522:
454:. The nearly one dozen actively supported systems are called an
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standards for multimedia has been criticised. For example, the
1264:"The Leading Linux Desktop Platform Issues Of 2018 - Phoronix"
439:
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18:
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is a history of comment on the perceived shortcomings of the
1678:"Designing object extensions for the Unix Operating Systems"
931:"Opinion: Why you shouldn't care about Linux on the desktop"
1789:
1140:"The Linux desktop: With great success comes great failure"
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supreme on the server it will never make it to the desktop.
339:
much stuck with them, and that just isn't true about Linux.
245:
was a missed opportunity to grab significant market share.
1760:
1605:"Broadcom throws Linux a bone, open sources Wi-Fi drivers"
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1465:
1108:"Free Software: Some choice = good; too much choice = bad"
1501:. blogs.adobe.com/penguin.swf. 2007-05-11. Archived from
1798:
824:"Linux Founder Linus Torvalds 'Still Wants the Desktop'"
1722:"The Unix tree rethought: an introduction to GoboLinux"
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
667:"Gartner Says Tablet Sales Continue to Be Slow in 2015"
762:"NetMarketShare Desktop Operating System Market Share"
1627:"Full-source Broadcom wireless driver for 11n chips"
1409:
Daniel Gillmore; Ana Guerrerero López (2014-08-29).
1011:
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from the original on 2021-12-21 – via YouTube.
249:
press". Both laid the blame for this failure on the
2191:
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1982:
1922:
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1310:"O'Reilly Media - Technology and Business Training"
1218:"Too Many Linux Distros Make For Open Source Mess"
960:"Luxury of Ignorance: An Open-Source Horror Story"
1583:"What Do Broadcom Drivers Mean for Linux Uptake?"
1042:
1040:
76:may be compromised due to out-of-date information
206:Luxury of Ignorance: An Open-Source Horror Story
1404:
1402:
1138:Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (13 November 2018).
427:
411:
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1476:. www.freesoftwaremagazine.com. Archived from
1814:
1782:"Linux on the Desktop: A Growing Alternative"
1757:"moonOS has its own File Hierarchy System..."
8:
1525:"A Guide Through The Linux Sound API Jungle"
1355:"Linux offers real diversity on the desktop"
97:
32:It has been suggested that this article be
1821:
1807:
1799:
1333:"Are You Intimidated By Breakfast Cereal?"
982:"Improved Portability of Shared Libraries"
852:. www.newhorizonssucks.net. Archived from
145:While smartphones running the Linux-based
1445:
1443:
623:"Linux Distributions – Facts and Figures"
2251:Free and open-source software portal
1652:"List of drivers on wireless.kernel.org"
537:Recent developments and counterarguments
302:, configurations, as well as the varied
217:Improved Portability of Shared Libraries
16:Criticism of certain Linux distributions
610:
901:"Gartner sounds desktop Linux warning"
489:, which utilizes drivers made for the
172:Viability of Linux as a desktop system
96:
149:mobile operating system dominate the
7:
1331:Martin, Caitlyn (4 September 2010).
1084:Humphries, Dominic (December 2005).
2193:Professional related certifications
1792:from the original on 5 August 2024.
1450:de Icaza, Miguel (29 August 2012).
1262:Larabel, Michael (6 October 2016).
1016:Strohmeyer, Robert (October 2010).
787:. 15 June 2012 – via YouTube.
521:, which is a heritage from Linux's
367:Third-party application development
130:operating system when installed on
1523:Poettering, Lennart (2008-09-24).
1018:"Desktop Linux: The Dream Is Dead"
822:Sean Michael Kerner (2014-08-20).
693:"OS Market Share and Usage Trends"
386:" Miguel de Icaza, founder of the
14:
1972:List of software package managers
1957:Security-focused operating system
1216:Wolfe, Alexander (18 July 2007).
1191:"The Linux desktop is in trouble"
980:Donald, James (25 January 2003).
649:"IDC: Smartphone OS Market Share"
545:User-Friendliness and Ease of Use
2257:
2256:
2244:
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1243:MacCarthy, Mark (12 July 2018).
874:Sharon Machlis (22 March 2007).
669:. 5 January 2015. Archived from
103:
62:
23:
1947:Distributions that run from RAM
1720:Muhammad, Hisham (2003-05-09).
1698:Scheinberg, Adam (2003-02-24).
1625:Ptasinski, Henry (2010-09-09).
1559:Larabel, Michael (2006-06-01).
1452:"What Killed the Linux Desktop"
1106:Woodward, Matt (4 April 2003).
899:Andy McCue (9 September 2005).
238:, felt that the release of the
1676:van Riezen, Pim (2003-02-24).
1603:Conneally , Tim (2010-09-09).
1585:. Enterprise Networking Planet
1581:Proffitt, Brian (2010-10-08).
1047:Farrell, Nick (October 2010).
49:Proposed since September 2024.
1:
1411:"Q&A with Linus Torvalds"
1353:Lynch, Jim (19 August 2013).
377:the developer. Dirk Hohndel,
290:Along with the argument that
1904:GNU/Linux naming controversy
1381:"What Is AppImage in Linux?"
929:Gralla, Preston (May 2009).
741:"The kernel of the argument"
2285:Operating system criticisms
2000:Linux Documentation Project
1942:Netbook-specific comparison
1472:Mobily, Tony (2009-06-23).
1189:Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J.
848:Betz, Joseph (2006-06-19).
826:. eweek.com. Archived from
505:thus forcing developers to
2306:
1899:Criticism of desktop Linux
739:Jorge Ribas (5 Nov 2015).
175:
124:Criticism of desktop Linux
116:targeted at desktop users.
98:Criticism of desktop Linux
2224:
1909:Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate
178:Desktop adoption of Linux
102:
1700:"If I Had My Own Distro"
1680:. www.kuro5hin.org/story
266:Choice and fragmentation
1499:"Welcome To The Jungle"
399:Tony Mobily, editor of
162:New York Stock Exchange
2085:Free Software Magazine
2015:Linux User Group (LUG)
1224:. UBM Technology Group
1165:"Search Distributions"
1086:"Linux is Not Windows"
554:Hardware Compatibility
431:
417:In August 2014 on the
415:
402:Free Software Magazine
397:
341:
326:
288:
1746:, 2003, GoboLinux.org
452:Welcome to the jungle
361:portable applications
317:software repositories
251:open-source community
160:, and is used on the
2010:Linux Mark Institute
1361:. IDG Communications
994:on 26 September 2007
962:. www.catb.org/~esr/
600:Linux on the desktop
499:free and open-source
308:software maintainers
304:desktop environments
223:Missed opportunities
1297:. How-to-Geek, LLC.
1059:on 22 December 2013
807:. 23 October 2013.
580:Enterprise Adoption
519:directory structure
513:Directory structure
438:The lack of strong
345:Linux Standard Base
155:world's 500 fastest
136:Linux distributions
99:
1937:Distributions list
1932:General comparison
1894:Criticism of Linux
1724:. www.kuro5hin.org
1527:. 0pointer.de/blog
703:on August 6, 2015.
673:on January 7, 2015
595:Criticism of Linux
563:Software Ecosystem
493:operating system.
466:Lennart Poettering
296:software libraries
166:personal computers
114:Linux distribution
39:Criticism of Linux
2272:
2271:
1788:. 5 August 2024.
1359:www.infoworld.com
1308:Martin, Caitlyn.
1197:. CBS Interactive
715:"List Statistics"
629:on 7 October 2011
446:development blog
434:Audio development
313:dependency issues
199:Computerworld.com
191:user-friendliness
132:desktop computers
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2005:Linux Foundation
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1702:. www.osnews.com
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1320:on 22 July 2010.
1316:. Archived from
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1289:Hoffman, Chris.
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1270:. Phoronix Media
1268:www.phoronix.com
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517:The traditional
507:reverse engineer
481:Wireless support
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1548:. phoronix.com.
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1423:. debian.net
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2139:Ubuntu User
2092:Full Circle
2079:DistroWatch
1952:Lightweight
1866:Kernel oops
1856:Linux-libre
1851:Linus's law
1786:FussionHost
1456:tirania.org
1295:How-To Geek
1091:12 November
1063:12 November
1029:12 November
653:www.idc.com
619:DistroWatch
487:ndiswrapper
448:penguin.SWF
272:DistroWatch
2279:Categories
1767:2012-10-29
1728:2010-06-03
1706:2010-04-30
1684:2010-06-03
1662:2011-02-05
1637:2010-12-03
1611:2010-12-03
1607:. betanews
1589:2010-12-03
1567:2010-12-03
1563:. Phoronix
1531:2010-04-13
1509:2010-04-13
1484:2010-03-23
1427:2014-09-04
966:2010-07-01
941:2009-05-20
915:2007-04-15
905:ZNet.co.uk
885:2007-04-15
860:2010-07-01
834:2016-01-01
767:7 November
697:W3Cook.com
606:References
462:PulseAudio
261:Criticisms
176:See also:
151:smartphone
110:Linux Mint
2132:LinuxUser
2098:Linux.com
1990:LinuxChix
1561:"Preface"
531:GoboLinux
527:end users
331:InfoWorld
140:end users
2263:Category
2182:The Code
2169:Phoronix
2159:LugRadio
2043:Embedded
2033:Adopters
2025:Adoption
1790:Archived
1338:27 March
1114:27 March
1053:Tech Eye
1023:PC World
809:Archived
633:5 August
589:See also
495:Broadcom
379:VMware's
349:AppImage
286:Windows.
230:PC World
86:May 2012
2211:Red Hat
2164:LWN.net
2038:Desktop
1846:History
1419:DebConf
1414:(video)
677:6 March
509:cards.
491:Windows
477:Linux.
419:DebConf
353:Flatpak
334:wrote:
292:forking
236:TechEye
147:Android
44:Discuss
2216:Ubuntu
2053:Mobile
2048:Gaming
1432:6:00:
1174:7 July
724:5 July
719:TOP500
572:Gaming
357:Snappy
355:, and
34:merged
2290:Linux
2072:Media
1877:more…
1830:Linux
1195:ZDNet
992:(PDF)
985:(PDF)
388:GNOME
128:Linux
36:with
1393:2019
1367:2019
1340:2011
1276:2019
1230:2019
1203:2019
1176:2023
1151:2019
1116:2011
1093:2010
1065:2010
1031:2010
1000:2013
769:2015
726:2021
679:2015
635:2012
523:Unix
374:APIs
1871:Tux
1249:CIO
440:API
42:. (
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
