Knowledge (XXG)

Criticism of the war on terror

Source đź“ť

148:
Others merely rely on the instinct of most people when confronted with an act that involves innocent civilians being killed or maimed by men armed with explosives, firearms or other weapons. None is satisfactory and grave problems with the use of the term persist. Terrorism is after all, a tactic. The term 'war on terrorism' is thus effectively nonsensical. As there is no space here to explore this involved and difficult debate, my preference is, on the whole, for the less loaded term '
262: 415: 899:. By 2006, supporters of the effort were in the minority in Britain (49%), Germany (47%), France (43%) and Japan (26%). Although a majority of Russians still supported the war on terror, that majority had decreased by 21%. Whereas 63% of Spaniards supported the war on terror in 2003, only 19% of the population indicated support in 2006. 19% of the Chinese population still supports the war on terror and less than a fifth of the populations of 4196: 590:, the slogans of today's war on terrorism merely makes the United States look hypocritical to the rest of the world. A prudent American president would end the present policy of "sustained hysteria" over potential terrorist attacks..treat terrorism as a serious but not a strategic problem, encourage Americans to regain their confidence and refuse to let Al Qaeda keep us in a state of fright. 794:. Theologian Lawrence Davidson, who studies contemporary Muslims societies in North America, defines this concept as a stereotyping of all followers of Islam as real or potential terrorists due to alleged hateful and violent teaching of their religion. He goes on to argue that "Islam is reduced to the concept of jihad and Jihad is reduced to terror against the West." 4206: 1052:"Framing is a process whereby communicators, consciously or unconsciously, act to construct a point of view that encourages the facts of a given situation to be interpreted by others in a particular manner," wrote Kuypers. These findings suggest that the public is misinformed about government justification and plans concerning the war on terror. 1134:. He added that a "culture of legislative restraint" was needed in passing anti-terrorism laws and that a "primary purpose" of the violent attacks was to tempt countries such as Britain to "abandon our values." He stated that in the eyes of the UK criminal justice system, the response to terrorism had to be " 827:, Muslims have been subject to widespread demonization in the Western mass-media, characterised by racist stereotypes and intense securitization. Hollywood movies and TV shows have portrayed simplistic depictions of Arab characters and advanced dualistic notions that have been causing the promulgation of 1014:
illustrated "how the press failed America in its coverage on the war on terror." In each comparison, Kuypers "detected massive bias on the part of the press." This researcher called the mainstream news media an "anti-democratic institution" in his conclusion. "What has essentially happened since 9/11
772:
which estimates that in general there are around four indirect deaths due to indirect consequences of war for every direct killing. The report's author Stephanie Savell stated that in an ideal scenario, the preferable way of quantifying the total death toll would've been by studying excess mortality,
767:
estimated that, as the result of the destruction of infrastructure, economies, public services and the environment, there have been between 3.6 and 3.7 million indirect deaths in the post-9/11 war zones, in addition to 906,000–937,000 direct killings with the total death toll being 4.5 to 4.6 million
405:
Professor Khaled Beydoun of the University of Arkansas-Fayetteville School of Law states that the War on Terror exports Islamophobia to other countries, which utilize it to persecute and punish their own Muslim populations. Two countries he mentions that facilitate structural Islamophobia as a result
147:
There are multiple ways of defining terrorism and all are subjective. Most define terrorism as 'the use or threat of serious violence' to advance some kind of 'cause'. Some state clearly the kinds of group ('sub-national', 'non-state') or cause (political, ideological, religious) to which they refer.
1048:
This goes beyond reporting alternate points of view, which is an important function of the press. "In short," Kuypers explained, "if someone were relying only on the mainstream media for information, they would have no idea what the president actually said. It was as if the press were reporting on a
346:
U.S. President George W. Bush's remark of November 2001 claiming that "You're either with us or you are with the terrorists," has been a source of criticism. Thomas A. Keaney of Johns Hopkins University's Foreign Policy Institute said "it made diplomacy with a number of different countries far more
726:
A presidential memorandum of 7 February 2002, authorized U.S. interrogators of captured prisoners to deny the prisoners basic protections as required by the Geneva Conventions, and thus according to professor Jordan J. Paust, "necessarily authorized and ordered violations of the Geneva Conventions,
1101:
for connecting the Department of Defense to over 75 retired generals supporting the Iraq War on television and radio networks. The Department of Defense recruited retired generals to promote the war to the American public. Barstow also discovered undisclosed links between some retired generals and
1064:
writes that "publicity is the oxygen of terrorism" and the rapid growth of international communicative networks renders publicity even more potent, with the result that "perhaps never in the history of human conflict have so few people with so few actual means and capabilities frightened so many."
1059:
political scientist Ian S. Lustick claimed, "The media have given constant attention to possible terrorist-initiated catastrophes and to the failures and weaknesses of the government's response." Lustick alleged that the war on terror is disconnected from the real but remote threat terrorism poses
975:
polls conducted in 2004, "the ongoing conflict in Iraq continues to fuel anti-American sentiments. America's global popularity plummeted at the start of military action in Iraq and the U.S. presence there remains widely unpopular." US wars in Afghanistan and Iraq became heavily unpopular among the
350:
Richard Jackson notes how: "the grammatical construction of this choice is extremely powerful. On the one hand, it obliterates all neutral ground and denies any possibility of withholding judgment or weighing up the evidence On the other hand, it is loaded in such a way that any choice other than
242:
represented, at best, a gathering threat and not an imminent one. In hindsight he notes that Iraq did not even represent a gathering threat. "The decision to attack Iraq in March 2003 was discretionary: it was a war of choice. There was no vital American interests in imminent danger and there were
165:
articulated the goals of the war on terror in a September 20, 2001 speech, in which he said that it "will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped and defeated." In that same speech, he called the war "a task that does not end", an argument he reiterated in 2006
3291:
The call for a "war on terror" was a call to arms, an attempt to build solidarity for a fight against a single shared enemy. But the foundation for solidarity between peoples and nations should be based not on who we are against, but on the idea of who we are and the values we share. Terrorists
1150:
inadequates. They were criminals. They were fantasists. We need to be very clear about this. On the streets of London there is no such thing as a war on terror. The fight against terrorism on the streets of Britain is not a war. It is the prevention of crime, the enforcement of our laws and the
1072:
contains several examples of controversies concerning mainstream reporting of the war on terror. Cooper found that bloggers' criticisms of factual inaccuracies in news stories or bloggers' discovery of the mainstream press' failure to adequately verify facts before publication caused many news
243:
alternatives to using military force, such as strengthening existing sanctions." However, Haass argues that U.S. intervention in Afghanistan in 2001 began as a war of necessity—vital interests were at stake—but morphed "into something else and it crossed a line in March 2009, when President
337:
Richard Jackson notes how countries like Russia, India, Israel and China also adopted the language of the war on terror to describe their own fight against domestic insurgents and dissidents. He argues that "Linking rebels and dissidents at home to the global 'war on terrorism' gives these
448:-which consists basically of pre-emption, the identification and then transformation of rogue states-is essentially imperial in character. It is yet another version of the civilizing mission that, I have argued, has animated the international system from its very beginnings." 1049:
different speech." The study is essentially a "comparative framing analysis". Overall, Kuypers examined themes about the September 11 attacks and the war on terror that President Bush used and compared them to themes that the press used when reporting on what he said.
463:. From 1980 to 2003, there were 343 suicide attacks around the world and at most 10 percent were anti-American inspired. Since 2004, there have been more than 2,000, over 91 percent against U.S. and allied forces in Afghanistan, Iraq, as well as other countries. 1080:
Mainstream reporting of the war on terror has frequently contained factual inaccuracies. In some cases, the errors go uncorrected: moreover, when corrections are issued they usually are given far less prominence than the initial coverage containing the
400:
I think that history is definitely repeating itself and for the Muslim world and I think even a great part of the non-Muslim world now, are beginning to recognize that there are ambitions that the United States has on the lands and wealth of nations of
96:
posits that this increases resentment and terrorist threats against the West. Other criticism include United States hypocrisy, media induced hysteria, and that changes in American foreign and security policy have shifted world opinion against the US.
2418: 635:
The term "torture by proxy" is used by some critics to describe situations in which the CIA and other US agencies transferred supposed terrorists, whom they captured during their efforts in the 'war on terrorism', to countries known to employ
750:
has been a source of controversy over whether extrajudicial killing outside an active battlefield is ethical, whether it is legal under U.S. and international law, how the decision to assassinate a given person or group is made, whether the
666:
from the Council of Europe estimated that 100 people were kidnapped by the CIA on EU territory with the cooperation of Council of Europe members and rendered to other countries, often after having transited through secret detention centres
781:
in addition to the conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan and other countries. Savell said:"There are reverberating costs, the human cost of war, that people for the most part in the United States don’t really know enough about or think about".
846:
between 2006 and 2015 concluded that "terrorist attacks" committed by Muslim individuals receive 357% more coverage in American media, than those committed by non-Muslim terrorists. This was the case, notwithstanding the fact that
247:
decided to sharply increase American troop levels and declared that it was U.S. policy to 'take the fight to the Taliban in the south and east' of the country." Afghanistan, according to Haass, eventually became a war of choice.
940:, he stated he was "deeply ashamed that I served a criminal organization such as NATO, led by the USA and its perverse interests around the world", and alleged the U.S. was using conflicts such as the war on terror to further 443:
inaugurated by the Bush administration has profoundly challenged the system of international law and relations created by the United Nations (UN)... Novel situations require novel remedies. My basic argument here is that the
1045:) did echo Bush, but within eight weeks it began to intentionally ignore certain information the president was sharing and instead reframed the president's themes or intentionally introduced new material to shift the focus." 773:
or by using on-the-ground researchers in the affected countries. The report defined post-9/11 war zones as conflicts that included significant United States counter-terrorism operations since 9/11, which includes the
653:
the United States has not transported anyone and will not transport anyone, to a country when we believe he will be tortured. Where appropriate, the United States seeks assurances that transferred persons will not be
1145:
is not a battlefield. Those innocents who were murdered ... were not victims of war. And the men who killed them were not, as in their vanity they claimed on their ludicrous videos, 'soldiers'. They were deluded,
3585: 1005:
Researchers in communication studies and political science found that American understanding of the "war on terror" is directly shaped by how mainstream news media reports events associated with the conflict. In
550:
as a terrorist organization, sparking criticism. Other critics further noted that the American government granted political asylum to several alleged terrorists and terrorist organizations that seek to overthrow
2410: 3292:
succeed when they render countries fearful and vindictive, when they sow division and animosity, when they force countries to respond with violence and repression. The best response is to refuse to be cowed.
640:
as an interrogation technique. Some also claimed that US agencies knew torture was employed, even though the transfer of anyone to anywhere for the purpose of torture is a violation of US law. Nonetheless,
542:, echoed this criticism when he stated that President Bush was "the best recruiting sergeant ever for al Qaeda." The United States also granted "protected persons" status under the Geneva Convention to the 1015:
has been that Bush has repeated the same themes and framed those themes the same whenever discussing the war on terror," said Kuypers. "Immediately following 9/11, the mainstream news media (represented by
511:
stated that the war in Iraq has increased the threat of terrorism. The estimate was compiled by 16 intelligence agencies and was the first assessment of global terrorism since the start of the Iraq war.
2433: 1087:
Story framing is often problematic: in particular, "man-in-the-street" interviews have often been used as a representation of public sentiment in Iraq, in place of methodologically sound survey data.
5173: 374: 3595: 169:
Excerpts from an April 2006 report compiled from sixteen U.S. government intelligence agencies, however, has strengthened the claim that engaging in Iraq has increased terrorism in the region.
500:, he uses data from an extensive terrorism database and argues that by increasing military occupations, the US government is increasing terrorism. Pape is also the director and founder of the 519:'. Structural violence, in this instance, refers to economic conditions of backwardness which are attributed to the economic policies of the Western nations, the United States in particular. 4977: 307:
prison: controls on free speech through laws against protests near Parliament and laws banning the "glorification" of terrorism: and reductions in checks on police power, as in the case of
530:
wrote that the United States and United Kingdom governments "must stop to think whether it is sowing the kind of resentment which is the seedbed of future terrorism." The United Kingdom
5026: 2836: 1055:
Others have also suggested that press coverage contributed to a public confused and misinformed on both the nature and level of the threat to the U.S. posed by terrorism. In his book,
2455: 1102:
defense contractors. He reported that "the Bush administration used its control over access of information in an effort to transform the analysts into a kind of media Trojan horse".
1219: 492: 5036: 4429: 699:
expressing concern when a Washington Post correspondent was prevented at gunpoint by American soldiers from investigating the impact of an American missile fired in Afghanistan.
459:
Each month, there are more suicide terrorists trying to kill Americans and their allies in Afghanistan, Iraq, as well as other Muslim countries than in all the years before 2001
5011: 1234: 3885: 3104: 769: 4865: 630: 562:
terrorism reporter Rukmini Callimachi said "there are more terrorists now than there are on the eve of September 11, not less...There are more terror groups now, not less."
4951: 2715: 599:
In the months leading up to the invasion of Iraq, President Bush and members of his administration indicated they possessed information which demonstrated a link between
1084:
The mainstream press has sometimes failed to check the provenance of information or visual images supplied by Iraqi "stringers" (local Iraqis hired to relay local news).
603:.The consensus among intelligence experts is that these claims were false and that there was never an operational relationship between the two. This is supported by the 2693: 2803: 435:
and Charter of the United Nations, and condemned it for reviving age-old imperialist notions. Comparing it to the Spanish War against American Indians, Anghie writes:
3890: 3528: 2379: 852: 1162:
criticised the war on terror as a "huge overreaction" and had decried the militarization and politicization of U.S. efforts to be the wrong approach to terrorism.
2761: 3055: 2670: 4880: 2892:"Cháá je to borec Ĺľe cháá Pplk. v.z. MUDr. Marek Obrtel : Hluboce se stydĂ­m za zloÄŤineckou organizaci jakou je NATO. VracĂ­m vyznamenánĂ­ - Akcie ERSTE BANK" 3921: 3875: 2972: 5084: 5058: 4094: 2441: 1239: 1209: 586:
As many critics have pointed out, terrorism is not an enemy. It is a tactic. Because the United States itself has a long record of supporting terrorists and
327: 5178: 338:
governments both the freedom to crack down on them without fear of international condemnation, and in some cases, direct military assistance from America".
4124: 3078: 1060:
and that the generalized war on terror began as part of the justification for invading Iraq, but then took on a life of its own, fueled by media coverage.
587: 365:
Since the war on terror revolved primarily around the United States and other NATO states intervening in the internal affairs of Muslim countries (i.e. in
1344: 675:, the CIA has conducted 1,245 flights, many of them to destinations where these alleged 'terrorists' could face torture, in violation of article 3 of the 5016: 3629: 1098: 2284: 2136: 5021: 4833: 676: 658:
This US programme also prompted several official investigations in Europe into alleged secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers involving
4982: 4947: 1224: 208:. On this ground, by invading a country that did not pose an imminent threat without UN support, the U.S. violated international law, including the 1436: 5193: 5124: 5053: 4147: 3624: 3556: 968: 2998:"Testimony of Andrew Kohut United States House of Representatives International Relations Committee Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations" 1854: 5099: 4651: 4565: 1204: 3450: 1171: 370: 5183: 4752: 4319: 4158: 4039: 3398: 3152: 2486: 1520: 1189: 984: 807:
in which he argued that the United States sees the Muslims and Arabs in essentialized caricatures – as oil supplies or potential terrorists.
270: 2463: 5104: 4957: 4909: 934: 1923: 774: 2819: 734:
and others have argued that detainees should be considered "unlawful combatants" and as such not be protected by the Geneva Conventions.
4013: 2997: 1245: 608: 331: 290: 3870: 3581: 2738: 1261: 515:
Cornelia Beyer explains how terrorism increased as a response to past and present military intervention and occupation, as well as to '
5168: 5134: 5114: 4700: 4596: 4242: 3465: 2918: 2478: 2396: 691:
of American soldiers participating in campaign operations across the world; with the knowledge of their military superiors. In 2002,
4962: 4626: 4284: 4089: 3773: 3502: 3177: 3127: 1906: 1834: 1420: 1194: 763:
Another criticism of the war on terror has been the number people killed in the various associated conflicts. In a 2023 report, the
547: 65:), since there is no identifiable enemy and that it is unlikely international terrorism can be brought to an end by military means. 3941: 1975: 3033: 5041: 5031: 4646: 4064: 4008: 4003: 3956: 3926: 2217: 2174: 646: 303:
government used the war on terror as a pretext to radically curtail civil liberties. For example, the detention-without-trial in
2723: 1634: 1090:
Mainstream reporting has tended to concentrate on the more violent areas of Iraq, with little or no reporting of the calm areas.
76:" is not an enemy but a tactic, and calling it a "war on terror" obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation 4414: 4409: 3880: 3634: 1604: 1570: 1111: 205: 3961: 3521: 4329: 4279: 4023: 3828: 3482: 3405: 3336: 2943: 2701: 2540: 2339: 1462: 1214: 508: 378: 5129: 5004: 4104: 3747: 2160: 1536: 1020: 624: 334:) impose on the government a "legal obligation" to investigate and prevent potential torture and human rights violations. 4735: 4656: 4636: 4419: 4339: 4324: 4289: 4079: 3971: 3410: 3340:" "Britain needs political wisdom more than the intelligence services to prevent terrorism on its shores". Khaled Diab, 2246: 2200: 235: 2789: 987:—in fierce protest rallies denouncing the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, with many condemning the military campaigns as 5188: 5079: 4903: 4621: 4304: 4139: 4018: 3783: 3549: 3514: 3441: 3063: 2678: 1127: 1000: 790:
One aspect of the criticism regarding the rhetoric justifying the war on terror was religionism, or more specifically
600: 286: 2479:"Executive Plans and Authorizations to Violate International Law Concerning Treatment and Interrogation of Detainees" 2319: 45:. The notion of a "war" against "terrorism" has proven highly contentious, with critics charging that participating 5147: 4994: 4972: 4671: 4631: 4349: 4269: 4084: 3916: 3858: 2386:
Alleged secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers of detainees involving Council of Europe member states
2233: 1297:("Those who support the coming war with Iraq refuse to see that it has anything to do with US global domination"), 1229: 980: 926: 178: 3272: 5198: 5046: 4999: 4967: 4661: 4606: 3951: 3900: 3793: 3509: 3487: 2376: 1115: 911:
support the efforts. The report also indicated that Indian public support for the war on terror has been stable.
692: 539: 4922: 4855: 4725: 4705: 4688: 4344: 4171: 3895: 1352: 579: 136: 2274: 4591: 3212: 2860: 2335: 1126:, Britain's most senior criminal prosecutor, stated that those responsible for acts of terrorism such as the 768:
and rising.The report derived its estimate of indirect deaths using a calculation created by the U.N.-backed
570:
Venezuela accused the U.S. government of having a double standard towards terrorism for giving safe haven to
4915: 4601: 4404: 4334: 4099: 3359: 2270: 1471: 1131: 714:
of at least 80 civilians during 2010–2013, accompanied by a decades-long coverup at the highest echelons of
620: 574:. Some Americans also commented on the selective use of the term war on terrorism, including 3-star general 308: 73: 2306: 2067: 4892: 4886: 4715: 4616: 4299: 4235: 4199: 4134: 4054: 3601: 3542: 3240: 3004: 2817:
Pew Global Attitudes Project: America's Image in the World: Findings from the Pew Global Attitudes Project
715: 523: 319: 192:
A major criticism leveled at this justification is that it does not fulfill one of the requirements of a
4860: 4710: 4475: 4129: 3966: 2797: 2558:
Davidson, Lawrence (2011). "Islamophobia, the Israel Lobby and American Paranoia: Letter from America".
2411:"Inquiry considers allegations of 80 unlawful civilian killings and cover-up by UK's SAS in Afghanistan" 1877: 1184: 1135: 839: 475: 366: 2397:"A Washington Post correspondent in Afghanistan restrained at gunpoint by American soldiers | RSF" 2716:"Terror Attacks By Muslims Get 357 Percent More Media Coverage Than Other Terror Attacks, Study Shows" 1851: 4730: 4641: 3946: 3803: 3752: 3576: 1883: 1394: 988: 941: 937: 764: 571: 487: 323: 312: 213: 186: 2080: 5089: 5063: 4803: 4788: 4783: 4773: 4740: 4530: 4525: 4463: 4181: 2141: 2117: 1490: 1374: 1041: 972: 896: 856: 848: 808: 752: 707: 516: 114: 418:
Protestors dressed as hooded detainees and holding WCW signs in Washington, DC, on January 4, 2007
261: 4849: 4823: 4778: 4611: 4570: 4490: 4176: 4152: 4109: 3727: 3722: 3648: 3423: 3098: 2781: 2651: 2279: 2194: 2085: 1863: 1556: 1251: 1076:
Cooper found that bloggers specializing in criticism of media coverage advanced four key points:
1035: 802: 129:. "Terror cannot be destroyed by weapons or signing a peace treaty. A war on terror has no end." 2586: 1294: 855:
between 2008 and 2016. Despite this, administration officials have been lax on cracking down on
755:
have been excessive, and whether the practice ends up recruiting more terrorists than it kills.
2816: 1933: 5109: 4495: 4274: 4251: 4228: 4165: 4114: 3798: 3639: 3498: 3394: 3173: 3148: 3123: 2837:"Marek Obrtel: Hluboce se stydím za zločineckou organizaci, jakou je NATO. Vracím vyznamenání" 2594: 1902: 1830: 1516: 1416: 1266: 812: 711: 659: 543: 483: 432: 360: 217: 197: 105:
Various critics dubbed the term "war on terror" as nonsensical. Billionaire activist investor
17: 4209: 3008: 2891: 1512: 1504: 1485: 1318: 5119: 4843: 4798: 4676: 4470: 4453: 4389: 4369: 4364: 4309: 3813: 3808: 3373:
Beyer, Anna Cornelia, "Counterterrorism and International Power Relations", IB Tauris, 2010.
3193: 2773: 2746: 2641: 2631: 2567: 2045: 2012: 1551: 1155: 860: 778: 743: 731: 642: 527: 414: 231: 93: 69: 3462: 2944:"The Russian connections of far-right and paramilitary organizations in the Czech Republic" 2033: 2000: 152:'. This is not an attempt to condone such actions, merely to analyze them in a clearer way. 4379: 4074: 3818: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3474: 3469: 3259:
democracies must respond to terrorism by championing the rule of law, not subordinating it
2823: 2739:"Far-right extremists have hatched far more terror plots than anyone else in recent years" 2495: 2383: 2356:"Remarks of Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice Upon Her Departure for Europe, 5 Dec 2005" 2355: 2221: 1858: 1466: 1271: 1256: 922: 696: 604: 282: 149: 50: 5094: 4928: 4747: 4510: 4480: 4384: 4374: 4359: 4314: 4255: 3737: 3674: 3664: 3041: 1319:"FBI Tried to Cover Patriot Act Abuses With Flawed, Retroactive Subpoenas, Audit Finds" 1290: 1170:, former Chancellor of the Exchequer, called for Britain to end its involvement in the 1163: 1119: 1011: 703: 296: 201: 162: 2214: 2155: 1646: 5162: 4875: 4813: 4793: 4720: 4695: 4500: 4049: 3997: 3931: 3833: 3669: 3565: 3370:
Beyer, Cornelia, "Violent Globalisms: Conflict in Response to Empire", Ashgate, 2008.
3304: 2785: 2655: 1798: 1719: 1694: 1410: 1123: 1094: 843: 445: 440: 428: 140: 110: 38: 3418: 228:, under the premise of which any nation could justify the invasion of other states. 181:
was to prevent terroristic, or other attacks, by Iraq on the United States or other
4828: 4666: 4520: 4458: 4424: 4394: 4044: 3732: 3364: 3341: 3277: 3245: 3217: 2122: 1379: 1303: 1167: 1147: 964: 952: 918: 914: 828: 820: 791: 747: 575: 552: 385: 381: 244: 106: 62: 54: 41:. It also touches upon criticism against the phrase itself, which was branded as a 2777: 2636: 2620:"Reflection: the "war on terror", Islamophobia and radicalisation twenty years on" 2619: 1668: 1459: 3529:
Getting to Ground Truth: Investigating U.S. Abuses in the "War on Terror." (2004)
2973:"Propaganda v uniformě. Českoslovenští vojáci s Ruskem proti Západu a uprchlíkům" 2861:"Marek Obrtel vrátil vyznamenání, jelikož se stydí za své působení v silách NATO" 1174:, describing the mission as "wholly unsuccessful and indeed counter-productive." 838:
stereotypes in the Anglo-American media. A study conducted by researchers in the
330:, arguing that the human rights conventions to which the UK is a signatory (e.g. 4838: 4575: 4540: 4505: 4485: 4399: 3991: 3742: 3679: 3457: 3429: 3383: 1061: 949: 835: 798: 501: 479: 468: 347:
difficult because obviously there are different problems throughout the world."
266: 224:. Additional criticism raised the point that the United States might have set a 132: 89: 1130:
are not "soldiers" in a war, but "inadequates" who should be dealt with by the
135:, a journalist who writes about radical Islamic activity, describes the terms " 4870: 4682: 4560: 4545: 4535: 4354: 4220: 3788: 3778: 1437:"America's Image in the World: Findings from the Pew Global Attitudes Project" 1199: 1166:, former UK foreign secretary, has similarly called the strategy a "mistake". 863:
policies mostly to impose surveillance policies against the Muslim community.
668: 531: 300: 209: 122: 81: 77: 46: 2598: 2541:"Post-9/11 wars have contributed to some 4.5 million deaths, report suggests" 2434:"Eighty Afghan civilians may have been summarily killed by SAS, inquiry told" 4808: 4294: 3451:
State Department Lie About Terrorism Levels Bolstered Bush Claims of Success
3378: 3198: 2050: 2017: 1928: 1774: 1746: 1029: 824: 688: 326:
has also condemned Blair's inaction over the controversial U.S. practice of
274: 225: 221: 2760:
M. Kearns, E. Betus, F. Lemieux, Erin, Allison, Anthony (25 January 2019).
815:
Tahir Abbas has criticised the war for resulting in the "securitisation of
671:"), some located in Europe, utilised by the CIA. According to the separate 3145:
Talking to the Enemy: Faith, Brotherhood, and the (Un)Making of Terrorists
2694:"Terror attacks by Muslims receive 357% more press attention, study finds" 2571: 2521: 672: 4897: 4550: 4119: 4059: 3936: 3768: 3684: 3659: 3591: 3309: 2919:"Is Pro-Russian Propaganda Fueling Czech and Slovak Paramilitary Groups?" 2762:"Why Do Some Terrorist Attacks Receive More Media Attention Than Others?" 1803: 1751: 1724: 1673: 1642: 393: 304: 193: 42: 2646: 1552:
Campaign in Iraq has increased threat, says American intelligence report
625:
Torture and the United States § Torture and Extraordinary Rendition
504:, a database of every known suicide terrorist attack from 1980 to 2008. 384:, among others. After his release from Guantanamo in 2005, ex-detainee 118: 49:
exploited it to pursue long-standing policy/military objectives, reduce
3823: 2867:. No. 26 December 2014. Stalo-se. 26 December 2014. Archived from 880: 816: 637: 2456:"SAS inquiry reveals possible summary killings of 80 Afghan civilians" 955:
group and voiced his disdain for the U.S., NATO, and their interests.
555:'s regime, while the American government claims to be anti-terrorism. 4818: 4768: 4515: 4445: 1395:
American Hegemony: How to Use It, How to Lose It by Gen. William Odom
1142: 945: 908: 900: 892: 876: 182: 34: 3120:
Bush's War: Media Bias and Justifications for War in a Terrorist Age
1008:
Bush's War: Media Bias and Justifications for War in a Terrorist Age
109:
criticized the term "war on terror" as a "false metaphor." Linguist
871:
In 2002, strong majorities supported the U.S.-led war on terror in
4555: 2868: 2307:
Background Paper on CIA's Combined Use of Interrogation Techniques
904: 888: 884: 687:
There has also been politically motivated systematic cover-ups of
535: 413: 260: 196:
and that in waging war preemptively, the United States undermined
3079:"Veterans symbolically discard service medals at anti-NATO rally" 1953:"21st Century CrUSAders: A War on Muslims in Iraq and Palestine" 1068:
Media researcher Stephen D. Cooper's analysis of media criticism
662:
member states, including those related with the war on terror. A
37:, efficiency, economics, as well as other issues surrounding the 3654: 3644: 3534: 1537:"Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People" 930: 239: 126: 85: 4224: 3538: 3434:
Monsters To Destroy: The Neoconservative War on Terror and Sin
1958: 1954: 1159: 1024: 1016: 663: 58: 2156:
Why the U.S. granted 'protected' status to Iranian terrorists
2106:
Beyer, Cornelia (2008), "Violent Globalisms", Ashgate, London
983:
veterans have handed back their service medals—including the
351:
fully supporting the United States results in condemnation".
4166:
Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World
2320:
New CIA Docs Detail Brutal 'Extraordinary Rendition' Process
3495:
5 Codes: Architecture, Paranoia and Risk in Times of Terror
2215:"Venezuela accuses U.S. of 'double standard' on terrorism". 1901:. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. p. 86. 1829:. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. p. 13. 1151:
winning of justice for those damaged by their infringement.
872: 3379:
We've Been Warned (The state of our union: perpetual war)
3349: 2275:"Obama's War on Terror May Resemble Bush's in Some Areas" 823:
discourses internationally since 2001. During decades of
2792:
on 3 April 2019 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
2234:
American Hegemony How to Use It, How to Lose at Docstoc
238:, argues that on the eve of U.S. intervention in 2003, 2034:"The War on Terror and Iraq in Historical Perspective" 2001:"The War on Terror and Iraq in Historical Perspective" 1976:"Exporting Islamophobia in the Global "War On Terror"" 1390: 1388: 1220:
International public opinion on the war in Afghanistan
493:
Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism
3034:"Afghanistan War Is Now More Unpopular Than Iraq War" 1539:(Press release). The White House. September 20, 2001. 2081:"Spy Agencies Say Iraq War Worsens Terrorism Threat" 5072: 4937: 4866:
Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention)
4761: 4584: 4438: 4262: 4032: 3984: 3909: 3857: 3850: 3761: 3700: 3693: 3617: 3610: 3170:
Watching the Watchdog: Bloggers As the Fifth Estate
1070:
Watching the Watchdog: Bloggers As the Fifth Estate
631:
Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture
4430:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom 1158:, former head of the British intelligence service 1138:and grounded in due process and the rule of law": 834:Another noticeable trend has been the increase of 3522:A Theory of International Terrorism (Brill, 2006) 3463:Folly taken to a scale we haven't seen since WWII 3393:. Vancouver, B.C.: Douglas & McIntyre, 2009. 3391:Unembedded: Two Decades of Maverick War Reporting 2063: 2061: 1878:With us or against us? Mideast is not that simple 1073:organizations to retract or change news stories. 502:Chicago Project on Security and Terrorism (CPOST) 377:, it has been labelled a war against Islam by ex- 5174:Opposition to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 3103:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1235:Opposition to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 895:, according to a sample survey conducted by the 3445:". Wilson's Almanac, accessed 26 February 2005. 853:domestic terrorist attacks in the United States 851:have been responsible for almost twice as many 842:which analysed domestic terrorist incidents in 706:published in July 2023 reported that 3 British 457: 3241:"'War on Terror' was a mistake, says Miliband" 3085:. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022 2309:". 30 December 2004. Retrieved 2 January 2010. 2247:"Hussein's Prewar Ties To Al-Qaeda Discounted" 1404: 1402: 431:criticised the "War on Terror" as a breach of 4881:Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces 4236: 3550: 3194:There is no war on terror in the UK, says DPP 3056:"US veterans to return war medals in protest" 490:, not extremist ideologies. In works such as 8: 3480:Gonzales, Patrisia and Rodriguez, Roberto. " 3436:. Boulder, Colo.: Paradigm Publishers, 2006. 3122:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 2802:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1240:Protests against the invasion of Afghanistan 1210:Extraordinary rendition by the United States 179:justification given for the invasion of Iraq 4125:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction 2326:. 28 August 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2010. 1301:(author's website archives), reposted from 673:European Parliament report of February 2007 392:and claimed the U.S. was engaging in a new 4243: 4229: 4221: 3854: 3697: 3614: 3557: 3543: 3535: 3213:"Response to 9/11 was "hugh overreaction"" 1598: 1596: 1099:Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting 406:of the War on Terror are India and China. 388:appeared in the Islamist propaganda video 61:is not appropriate in this context (as in 4834:Global Day of Action on Military Spending 3419:More Iraqis killed by U.S. than by terror 2645: 2635: 2049: 2016: 933:operations in 2014. In an open letter to 929:, publicly returned his medals earned in 677:United Nations Convention Against Torture 27:Controversy surrounding the war on terror 3922:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) 2942:Zgut, Edit; GyĹ‘ri, LĂłránt (April 2017). 2671:"How Muslims became the good guys on TV" 1307:, March 11, 2003, accessed May 28, 2007. 1225:NSA warrantless surveillance controversy 117:argued that there cannot literally be a 92:, and its associated collateral damage, 57:. It is argued by critics that the term 3630:Operation Enduring Freedom participants 3360:Al-Qaida would back Bush, says UK envoy 1283: 969:U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs 4566:Soviet influence on the peace movement 3442:Myths of the War on Terrorism and Iraq 3406:Perpetual War Poses a Risk to US Power 3096: 2795: 2192: 1669:"Belmarsh - Britain's Guantanamo Bay?" 1205:Canadian Afghan detainee abuse scandal 948:. In the years after, Obrtel formed a 4753:World March for Peace and Nonviolence 4159:Targeted Killing in International Law 4040:Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse 3493:Igmade (Stephan TrĂĽby et al., eds.), 3211:Norton-Taylor, Richard (2008-10-18). 2487:Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 2173:Callimachi, Rukmini (19 April 2018). 1439:. Pew Research Center. March 14, 2007 1345:""War on terror" difficult to define" 1190:Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse 985:Global War on Terrorism Service Medal 546:, an Iranian group classified by the 7: 4910:Third Party Non-violent Intervention 4205: 3510:Bounding the Global War on Terrorism 2520:Shapiro, Walter (23 February 2006). 1415:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 566:Hypocrisy of the Bush administration 269:, one of the prisoners subjected to 3454:". Capitol Hill Blue, 11 June 2004. 3357:Arie, Sophie and MacAskill, Ewen. " 3305:"Lawson suggests Afghan withdrawal" 3032:Ackerman, Spencer (27 March 2012). 2336:Fact sheet: Extraordinary rendition 1010:political communication researcher 976:American public by the late 2000s. 944:and as a pretext to declare war on 609:United States Department of Defense 486:and states that it is triggered by 478:professor and political scientist, 332:European Convention on Human Rights 291:NSA electronic surveillance program 5135:Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir 5032:Anti-war protests in Russia (2014) 4320:Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp 2722:. 19 February 2019. Archived from 2618:Abbas, Tahir (24 September 2021). 2287:from the original on July 23, 2016 2179:Caliphate (New York Times podcast) 1799:"UK airspace 'used for rendition'" 1747:"Profile: Jean Charles de Menezes" 1720:"Lords back down on glorification" 1695:"Falconer defends new protest law" 1603:Haas, Richard N. (May–June 2013). 1569:Haas, Richard N. (May–June 2013). 971:, noted that and according to the 355:As a war against Islam and Muslims 189:realization of the war on terror. 25: 4627:International Day of Non-Violence 4285:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions 4090:Enhanced interrogation techniques 3886:Georgia Sustainment and Stability 3774:al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula 3168:Cooper, Stephen D. (2006-06-12). 2669:Zaheer, Mohammad (21 June 2019). 2118:The seeds of Iraq's future terror 2079:Mazzetti M (September 24, 2006). 1375:The seeds of Iraq's future terror 1195:Bagram torture and prisoner abuse 770:Geneva Declaration of Secretariat 5037:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 4204: 4195: 4194: 4065:Combatant Status Review Tribunal 4014:President's Surveillance Program 4009:Military Commissions Act of 2009 4004:Military Commissions Act of 2006 3957:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 3932:Moro conflict in the Philippines 3927:Insurgency in the North Caucasus 3483:The Fallacy of the War on Terror 3077:Wisniewski, Mary (21 May 2012). 2477:Paust, Jordan J. (20 May 2005). 1775:"Brothers looking for 'justice'" 1667:Winterman, Denise (2004-10-06). 1605:"The Irony of American Strategy" 1571:"The Irony of American Strategy" 742:The U.S. practice of conducting 647:United States Secretary of State 299:, critics have claimed that the 4410:Social Democratic Party (Japan) 3881:Georgia Train and Equip Program 2917:Smolenova, Ivana (2015-12-20). 2737:Neiwert, David (22 June 2017). 2213:The Christian Science Monitor. 1862:" has been heavily criticized. 1852:Bush says it is time for action 1317:Singel, Ryan (March 13, 2008). 1112:Director of Public Prosecutions 959:Opposition in the United States 775:Yemeni civil war (2014–present) 206:United Nations Security Council 5194:Criticism of the United States 5179:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 4330:List of pacifist organisations 4070:Criticism of the war on terror 4024:Terrorist Surveillance Program 3829:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan 3582:War in Afghanistan (2001-2021) 3271:Miliband, David (2009-01-15). 3118:Kuypers, Jim A. (2006-10-28). 2692:Chalabi, Mona (20 July 2018). 2585:Said, Edward W. (1998-01-02). 2539:Berger, Miriam (15 May 2023). 2340:American Civil Liberties Union 2137:Kerry Is Widely Favored Abroad 1486:'War on Terror,' Rest In Peace 1409:Lustick, Ian S. (2006-09-01). 1343:Richissin, Todd (2004-09-02). 1262:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 1215:Guantanamo Bay detainment camp 578:, formerly President Reagan's 509:National Intelligence Estimate 482:has written extensive work on 379:United States Attorney General 273:. Jabar was in Abu Ghraib for 84:. With a military presence in 31:Criticism of the war on terror 18:Criticisms of War on Terrorism 1: 4105:Guantanamo Bay detention camp 3748:Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq 3239:Berger, Julian (2009-01-15). 3147:. Ecco Press/ HarperCollins. 3062:. 16 May 2012. Archived from 2778:10.1080/07418825.2018.1524507 2637:10.1080/17539153.2021.1980182 2624:Critical Studies on Terrorism 2462:. 3 July 2023. Archived from 2417:. 4 July 2023. Archived from 2245:Smith, Jeffrey (2007-04-06). 2161:The Christian Science Monitor 1773:Summers, Chris (2006-06-13). 797:This line of argument echoes 702:Further, a public enquiry in 252:War on terror seen as pretext 5184:Criticism of neoconservatism 4736:World Peace Bell Association 4637:Dialogue Among Civilizations 4340:New Socialist Party of Japan 4325:Iraq War resisters in Canada 4290:Coalition of Women for Peace 4080:Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri 3972:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 3411:International Herald Tribune 3007:. 2005-11-10. Archived from 2835:Obrtel, Marek (2014-12-22). 2587:"Islam Through Western Eyes" 2432:Sabbagh, Dan (2 July 2023). 2144:, p. A14, 29 September 2004. 1899:Writing the War on Terrorism 1827:Writing the War on Terrorism 1645:. 2006-07-19. Archived from 1412:Trapped in the War on Terror 1246:Standard Operating Procedure 1057:Trapped in the War on Terror 831:stereotypes in the society. 786:Religionism and Islamophobia 236:Council on Foreign Relations 166:State of The Union address. 4904:The whole world is watching 4672:Peace & Love (festival) 4622:Imagine Piano Peace Project 4148:State Sponsors of Terrorism 4019:Protect America Act of 2007 3515:Strategic Studies Institute 3273:"'War on Terror' was wrong" 3143:Atran, Scott (2010-10-19). 2898:. No. 25 December 2014 2068:It's the Occupation, Stupid 1128:7 July 2005 London bombings 1001:War on terror and the media 710:units were involved in the 601:Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda 287:Protect America Act of 2007 5215: 5027:2011 intervention in Libya 4647:List of places named Peace 4632:International Day of Peace 4350:Peace and conflict studies 4270:Anti-nuclear organizations 4085:Killing of Osama bin Laden 3962:War in Somalia (2006–2009) 3917:Operation Active Endeavour 2822:December 28, 2008, at the 2342:. Retrieved 29 March 2007 1922:Dam, Marcus (2007-12-17). 1230:Opposition to the Iraq War 998: 927:Army of the Czech Republic 628: 618: 358: 280: 185:. This can be viewed as a 5169:Reactions to the Iraq War 5143: 4662:Nobel Peace Prize Concert 4657:Mother's Day Proclamation 4607:Dances of Universal Peace 4420:The Women's Peace Crusade 4190: 3952:Terrorism in Saudi Arabia 3901:Drone strikes in Pakistan 3794:Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami 3572: 3488:Universal Press Syndicate 3350:Against the War on Terror 3201:, January 24, 2007, p.12. 2890:stas (25 December 2014). 2224:Retrieved August 5, 2006. 1897:Jackson, Richard (2005). 1825:Jackson, Richard (2005). 1116:Crown Prosecution Service 935:Czech Minister of Defense 693:Reporters Without Borders 216:, therefore committing a 200:and the authority of the 4923:Violence begets violence 4856:Non-aggression principle 4726:The Non-Violence Project 4706:Promoting Enduring Peace 4689:Promoting Enduring Peace 4345:Pacifist Socialist Party 4172:Unitary executive theory 3337:Wisdom, not intelligence 2720:Georgia State University 2199:: CS1 maint: location ( 2038:Osgoode Hall Law Journal 2005:Osgoode Hall Law Journal 1924:"Ramsey Clark Interview" 1511:. I.B. Tauris. pp.  967:, while speaking to the 548:U.S. Department of State 257:Domestic civil liberties 220:, which is considered a 5017:Military action in Iran 4652:Monuments and memorials 4602:Concert Yutel for Peace 4405:React, Include, Recycle 4335:List of peace activists 4300:Conscientious objectors 4100:Extraordinary rendition 4095:Extrajudicial prisoners 2377:Resolution 1507 (2006). 2358:. U.S. State Department 2175:"Prologue: The Mission" 2051:10.60082/2817-5069.1344 2032:Anghie, Antony (2005). 2018:10.60082/2817-5069.1344 1999:Anghie, Antony (2005). 1875:Taylor, Susan Martin. " 1472:The Wall Street Journal 1132:criminal justice system 727:which are war crimes." 621:Extraordinary rendition 588:using terrorist tactics 328:extraordinary rendition 309:Jean Charles de Menezes 68:Other critics, such as 4938:Opposition to specific 4893:Swords to ploughshares 4887:Soldiers are murderers 4280:Anti-war organizations 4135:Operation Eagle Assist 4055:Clash of Civilizations 3602:Symbolism of terrorism 3005:Maxwell Air Force Base 2382:June 12, 2010, at the 1153: 995:Role of American media 738:Extrajudicial killings 730:U.S. Attorney General 716:British special forces 683:Cover-up of war crimes 656: 592: 465: 450: 419: 403: 390:21st Century CrUSAders 278: 161:Former U.S. President 154: 33:addresses the morals, 4940:wars or their aspects 4861:Nonviolent resistance 4711:Show of Peace Concert 4476:Anti-nuclear movement 4130:Operation Noble Eagle 3967:2007 Lebanon conflict 2977:ÄŚT24 - ÄŚeská televize 2572:10.3366/hls.2011.0005 2494:: 811. Archived from 1559:, September 25, 2006. 1503:Burke, Jason (2003). 1185:2003 Invasion of Iraq 1140: 991:wars of aggression. 651: 584: 582:Director, who wrote: 476:University of Chicago 437: 417: 398: 271:torture at Abu Ghraib 264: 145: 141:war against terrorism 5022:Sri Lankan Civil War 4916:Turn the other cheek 4731:University for Peace 4642:List of peace prizes 3947:Operation Linda Nchi 3891:OEF – Horn of Africa 3804:Islamic Courts Union 3753:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 3577:September 11 attacks 3527:Human Rights First; 3497:, Birkhäuser; 2006, 3477:, 11 September 2003. 3426:, 25 September 2004. 3367:, 21 September 2004. 3221:(October 18). London 3003:. Air War College - 2704:on 16 December 2018. 2501:on 21 September 2006 2273:(17 February 2009). 2134:Richburg, Keith B. " 2115:Williams, Shirley. " 2054:– via Osgoode. 2021:– via Osgoode. 1884:St. Petersburg Times 1460:A Self-Defeating War 1295:"A Wilful Blindness" 942:American imperialism 849:far-right extremists 819:" and the spread of 765:Costs of War Project 722:Status of combatants 607:and by declassified 572:Luis Posada Carriles 488:military occupations 324:Sir Menzies Campbell 313:Mohammed Abdul Kahar 214:Nuremberg principles 187:conventional warfare 53:, and infringe upon 5064:Nuclear disarmament 5047:in Russian Far East 4804:Department of Peace 4789:Counter-recruitment 4784:Conflict resolution 4774:Central Park be-ins 4762:Slogans and tactics 4741:Japanese Peace Bell 4531:Non-interventionism 4526:Modern-war pacifism 4464:Christian anarchism 3490:, 12 December 2003. 3416:Youssef, Nancy A. " 3376:Raimondo, Justin. " 3172:. Marquette Books. 3044:on 19 October 2015. 2841:parlamentnilisty.cz 2545:The Washington Post 2399:. 13 February 2002. 2142:The Washington Post 1635:"Beneath the Hoods" 1491:Rockridge Institute 1372:Williams, Shirley." 1355:on January 14, 2009 1042:The Washington Post 973:Pew Research Center 897:Pew Research Center 857:far-right terrorism 809:Assistant Professor 753:civilian casualties 517:structural violence 234:, president of the 204:, particularly the 115:Rockridge Institute 5189:Criticisms of wars 4958:American Civil War 4850:Make love, not war 4824:Economic sanctions 4779:Civil disobedience 4612:Festival for Peace 4585:Media and cultural 4571:Testimony of peace 4491:Christian pacifism 4177:Unlawful combatant 4110:Iranian Revolution 3896:OEF – Trans Sahara 3871:War in Afghanistan 3728:Jalaluddin Haqqani 3723:Sirajuddin Haqqani 3649:Iraqi Armed Forces 3468:2004-08-03 at the 3424:Detroit Free Press 3386:, 3 February 2003. 3066:on 1 October 2022. 2280:The New York Times 2220:2009-01-07 at the 2153:Peterson, Scott. " 2125:, 28 October 2003. 2086:The New York Times 2044:(1/2): 45, 60–61. 1866:, 6 November 2001. 1864:Cable News Network 1857:2005-03-07 at the 1557:Guardian Unlimited 1465:2013-11-23 at the 1382:, 28 October 2003. 1252:Unlawful combatant 1172:War in Afghanistan 1106:British objections 1036:The New York Times 963:American pollster 919:lieutenant colonel 867:Decreasing support 840:Alabama University 825:post 9/11 hysteria 712:summary executions 420: 279: 143:" in this manner: 80:and international 5156: 5155: 5059:Military taxation 4929:War tax resisters 4496:Deterrence theory 4275:Anti-war movement 4218: 4217: 4115:Islamic terrorism 3980: 3979: 3876:OEF – Philippines 3846: 3845: 3842: 3841: 3799:Hizbul Mujahideen 3640:Northern Alliance 3507:Record, Jeffrey. 3403:Warner, Daniel. " 3399:978-1-55365-292-2 3154:978-0-06-134490-9 2971:Hampl, Alexandr. 2951:Political Capital 2871:on 9 January 2015 2766:Justice Quarterly 2726:on 19 March 2019. 2560:Holy Land Studies 1522:978-1-85043-396-5 1483:Lakoff, George. " 1349:The Baltimore Sun 1267:War against Islam 938:Martin StropnickĂ˝ 859:, while focusing 813:Leiden University 660:Council of Europe 595:False information 544:Mojahedin-e-Khalq 484:suicide terrorism 433:International law 427:Professor of Law 361:War against Islam 218:war of aggression 198:international law 121:on terror, since 16:(Redirected from 5206: 5199:Counterterrorism 4983:list of protests 4844:Lesson of Munich 4799:Demilitarisation 4677:Peace journalism 4471:Anti-imperialism 4454:Anarcho-pacifism 4390:Peace psychology 4370:Peace conference 4365:Peace commission 4310:Culture of Peace 4245: 4238: 4231: 4222: 4208: 4207: 4198: 4197: 4153:Targeted killing 3942:Iraqi insurgency 3862:Enduring Freedom 3855: 3814:Jemaah Islamiyah 3809:Jaish-e-Mohammed 3698: 3615: 3559: 3552: 3545: 3536: 3517:, December 2003. 3512: 3485: 3472: 3453: 3444: 3421: 3408: 3381: 3362: 3353: 3339: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3318: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3288: 3286: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3256: 3254: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3226: 3208: 3202: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3102: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3074: 3068: 3067: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3040:. Archived from 3029: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3019: 3014:on July 24, 2006 3013: 3002: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2984: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2958: 2953:. pp. 32–34 2948: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2929: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2847: 2832: 2826: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2801: 2793: 2788:. Archived from 2757: 2751: 2750: 2749:on 24 July 2019. 2745:. Archived from 2734: 2728: 2727: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2700:. Archived from 2689: 2683: 2682: 2681:on 6 April 2023. 2677:. Archived from 2666: 2660: 2659: 2649: 2639: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2606: 2605: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2555: 2549: 2548: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2500: 2483: 2474: 2468: 2467: 2452: 2446: 2445: 2440:. Archived from 2429: 2423: 2422: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2393: 2387: 2374: 2368: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2352: 2346: 2345: 2333: 2327: 2316: 2310: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2258: 2257: 2242: 2236: 2231: 2225: 2211: 2205: 2204: 2198: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2151: 2145: 2139: 2132: 2126: 2120: 2113: 2107: 2104: 2098: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2076: 2070: 2065: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2029: 2023: 2022: 2020: 1996: 1990: 1989: 1987: 1986: 1972: 1966: 1951: 1945: 1944: 1942: 1941: 1932:. Archived from 1919: 1913: 1912: 1894: 1888: 1880: 1873: 1867: 1861: 1847: 1841: 1840: 1822: 1816: 1815: 1813: 1812: 1795: 1789: 1788: 1786: 1785: 1770: 1764: 1763: 1761: 1760: 1743: 1737: 1736: 1734: 1733: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1706: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1682: 1681: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1655: 1654: 1631: 1625: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1600: 1591: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1566: 1560: 1554: 1549:Glaister, Dan. " 1547: 1541: 1540: 1533: 1527: 1526: 1500: 1494: 1493:, February 2006. 1488: 1481: 1475: 1469: 1457:Soros, George. " 1455: 1449: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1433: 1427: 1426: 1406: 1397: 1392: 1383: 1377: 1370: 1364: 1363: 1361: 1360: 1351:. Archived from 1340: 1334: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1314: 1308: 1288: 1156:Stella Rimington 1114:and head of the 801:’s famous piece 779:Syrian civil war 744:targeted killing 732:Alberto Gonzales 664:June 2006 report 643:Condoleezza Rice 615:Torture by proxy 528:Shirley Williams 524:Liberal Democrat 498:Cutting the Fuse 471: 453:Aiding terrorism 320:Liberal Democrat 232:Richard N. Haass 94:Shirley Williams 70:Francis Fukuyama 21: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5204: 5203: 5159: 5158: 5157: 5152: 5139: 5068: 5012:Afghanistan War 4963:Second Boer War 4939: 4933: 4757: 4580: 4434: 4380:Peace education 4263:Peace advocates 4258: 4249: 4219: 4214: 4186: 4075:CIA black sites 4028: 3976: 3905: 3860: 3838: 3819:Lashkar-e-Taiba 3757: 3718:Anwar al-Awlaki 3713:Hamza bin Laden 3708:Osama bin Laden 3689: 3606: 3568: 3563: 3533: 3508: 3481: 3475:The Independent 3470:Wayback Machine 3461: 3449: 3440: 3417: 3413:, 28 June 2002. 3404: 3389:Taylor, Scott. 3377: 3358: 3347: 3344:, January 2008. 3335: 3330: 3328:Further reading 3325: 3316: 3314: 3303: 3302: 3298: 3284: 3282: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3252: 3250: 3238: 3237: 3233: 3224: 3222: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3191: 3187: 3180: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3155: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3130: 3117: 3116: 3112: 3095: 3088: 3086: 3076: 3075: 3071: 3054: 3053: 3049: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3017: 3015: 3011: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2982: 2980: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2956: 2954: 2946: 2941: 2940: 2936: 2927: 2925: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2901: 2899: 2889: 2888: 2884: 2874: 2872: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2845: 2843: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2824:Wayback Machine 2815: 2811: 2794: 2772:(6): 985–1022. 2759: 2758: 2754: 2736: 2735: 2731: 2714: 2713: 2709: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2603: 2601: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2557: 2556: 2552: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2519: 2518: 2514: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2481: 2476: 2475: 2471: 2466:on 6 July 2023. 2454: 2453: 2449: 2444:on 6 July 2023. 2431: 2430: 2426: 2421:on 6 July 2023. 2409: 2408: 2404: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2384:Wayback Machine 2375: 2371: 2361: 2359: 2354: 2353: 2349: 2343: 2334: 2330: 2324:Huffington Post 2317: 2313: 2304: 2300: 2290: 2288: 2269: 2268: 2264: 2255: 2253: 2251:Washington Post 2244: 2243: 2239: 2232: 2228: 2222:Wayback Machine 2212: 2208: 2191: 2184: 2182: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2163:, 29 July 2004. 2154: 2152: 2148: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2101: 2091: 2089: 2078: 2077: 2073: 2066: 2059: 2031: 2030: 2026: 1998: 1997: 1993: 1984: 1982: 1974: 1973: 1969: 1952: 1948: 1939: 1937: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1909: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1859:Wayback Machine 1850: 1848: 1844: 1837: 1824: 1823: 1819: 1810: 1808: 1797: 1796: 1792: 1783: 1781: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1758: 1756: 1745: 1744: 1740: 1731: 1729: 1718: 1717: 1713: 1704: 1702: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1679: 1677: 1666: 1665: 1661: 1652: 1650: 1633: 1632: 1628: 1618: 1616: 1609:Foreign Affairs 1602: 1601: 1594: 1584: 1582: 1575:Foreign Affairs 1568: 1567: 1563: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1535: 1534: 1530: 1523: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1467:Wayback Machine 1458: 1456: 1452: 1442: 1440: 1435: 1434: 1430: 1423: 1408: 1407: 1400: 1393: 1386: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1358: 1356: 1342: 1341: 1337: 1327: 1325: 1316: 1315: 1311: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1272:Anwar al-Awlaki 1257:USA PATRIOT Act 1180: 1108: 1003: 997: 961: 923:military doctor 869: 788: 761: 740: 724: 697:Donald Rumsfeld 685: 633: 627: 619:Main articles: 617: 605:9/11 Commission 597: 568: 473: 467: 455: 425: 412: 363: 357: 344: 293: 283:USA PATRIOT Act 259: 254: 175: 159: 103: 51:civil liberties 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5212: 5210: 5202: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5161: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5150: 5144: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5125:United Kingdom 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5076: 5074: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5050: 5049: 5044: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5008: 5007: 5002: 4992: 4987: 4986: 4985: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4943: 4941: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4931: 4926: 4919: 4912: 4907: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4765: 4763: 4759: 4758: 4756: 4755: 4750: 4748:Women in Black 4745: 4744: 4743: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4692: 4691: 4686: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4588: 4586: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4511:Green politics 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4481:Antimilitarism 4478: 4473: 4468: 4467: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4448: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4385:Peace movement 4382: 4377: 4375:Peace congress 4372: 4367: 4362: 4360:Peace churches 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4315:ECOPEACE Party 4312: 4307: 4305:Counterculture 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4266: 4264: 4260: 4259: 4256:peace movement 4250: 4248: 4247: 4240: 4233: 4225: 4216: 4215: 4213: 4212: 4202: 4191: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4162: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4141:Situation Room 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4036: 4034: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3995: 3988: 3986: 3982: 3981: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3913: 3911: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3867: 3865: 3852: 3848: 3847: 3844: 3843: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3765: 3763: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3738:Khalil Haqqani 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3704: 3702: 3695: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3675:European Union 3672: 3667: 3665:United Kingdom 3662: 3657: 3652: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3621: 3619: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3604: 3599: 3589: 3579: 3573: 3570: 3569: 3564: 3562: 3561: 3554: 3547: 3539: 3532: 3531: 3525: 3520:Khan, L. Ali. 3518: 3505: 3491: 3478: 3455: 3446: 3437: 3427: 3414: 3401: 3387: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3355: 3345: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3323: 3296: 3263: 3231: 3203: 3185: 3178: 3160: 3153: 3135: 3128: 3110: 3069: 3047: 3024: 2989: 2963: 2934: 2909: 2882: 2852: 2827: 2809: 2752: 2729: 2707: 2684: 2661: 2630:(4): 402–404. 2610: 2577: 2550: 2531: 2522:"Parsing Pain" 2512: 2469: 2447: 2424: 2402: 2388: 2369: 2347: 2328: 2311: 2298: 2271:Charlie Savage 2262: 2237: 2226: 2206: 2165: 2146: 2127: 2108: 2099: 2071: 2057: 2024: 2011:(1/2): 45–66. 1991: 1980:NYU Law Review 1967: 1963:Green 72 Media 1946: 1914: 1907: 1889: 1868: 1842: 1835: 1817: 1790: 1765: 1738: 1711: 1686: 1659: 1626: 1592: 1561: 1542: 1528: 1521: 1495: 1476: 1474:, August 2006. 1450: 1428: 1421: 1398: 1384: 1365: 1335: 1309: 1291:George Monbiot 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1164:David Miliband 1107: 1104: 1092: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1012:Jim A. Kuypers 996: 993: 960: 957: 868: 865: 861:counter-terror 787: 784: 760: 757: 739: 736: 723: 720: 684: 681: 649:) stated that: 616: 613: 596: 593: 567: 564: 560:New York Times 456: 454: 451: 424: 421: 411: 408: 356: 353: 343: 340: 297:United Kingdom 258: 255: 253: 250: 202:United Nations 174: 173:Preventive war 171: 163:George W. Bush 158: 155: 102: 99: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5211: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5142: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5130:United States 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5071: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5039: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4990:War on Terror 4988: 4984: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4953: 4949: 4946:War of 1812 ( 4945: 4944: 4942: 4936: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4920: 4917: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4905: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4888: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4876:Peacebuilding 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4851: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4814:Draft evasion 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4794:De-escalation 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4760: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4696:Peace One Day 4694: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4684: 4680: 4679: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4501:Direct action 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4459:Anarcho-punks 4457: 4455: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4443: 4441: 4437: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4425:War resisters 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4246: 4241: 4239: 4234: 4232: 4227: 4226: 4223: 4211: 4203: 4201: 4193: 4192: 4189: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4167: 4163: 4161: 4160: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4050:Bush Doctrine 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3998:Torture Memos 3996: 3993: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3983: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3863: 3856: 3853: 3849: 3835: 3834:Islamic State 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3760: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3670:United States 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3620: 3616: 3613: 3609: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3594:(2003–2011) ( 3593: 3590: 3587: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3571: 3567: 3566:War on terror 3560: 3555: 3553: 3548: 3546: 3541: 3540: 3537: 3530: 3526: 3523: 3519: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3504: 3503:3-7643-7598-1 3500: 3496: 3492: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3476: 3471: 3467: 3464: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3435: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3332: 3327: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3300: 3297: 3293: 3280: 3279: 3274: 3267: 3264: 3260: 3248: 3247: 3242: 3235: 3232: 3220: 3219: 3214: 3207: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3189: 3186: 3181: 3179:0-922993-47-5 3175: 3171: 3164: 3161: 3156: 3150: 3146: 3139: 3136: 3131: 3129:0-7425-3653-X 3125: 3121: 3114: 3111: 3106: 3100: 3084: 3080: 3073: 3070: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3051: 3048: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3028: 3025: 3010: 3006: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2978: 2974: 2967: 2964: 2952: 2945: 2938: 2935: 2924: 2920: 2913: 2910: 2897: 2893: 2886: 2883: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2856: 2853: 2842: 2838: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2821: 2818: 2813: 2810: 2805: 2799: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2756: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2733: 2730: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2711: 2708: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2688: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2665: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2614: 2611: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2581: 2578: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2554: 2551: 2546: 2542: 2535: 2532: 2527: 2523: 2516: 2513: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2480: 2473: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2451: 2448: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2428: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2406: 2403: 2398: 2392: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2378: 2373: 2370: 2357: 2351: 2348: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2315: 2312: 2308: 2302: 2299: 2286: 2282: 2281: 2276: 2272: 2266: 2263: 2252: 2248: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2230: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2210: 2207: 2202: 2196: 2181:. 3:25 - 3:55 2180: 2176: 2169: 2166: 2162: 2157: 2150: 2147: 2143: 2138: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2112: 2109: 2103: 2100: 2088: 2087: 2082: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2052: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2028: 2025: 2019: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1995: 1992: 1981: 1977: 1971: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1950: 1947: 1936:on 2007-12-19 1935: 1931: 1930: 1925: 1918: 1915: 1910: 1908:9780719071218 1904: 1900: 1893: 1890: 1887:, 9 May 2002. 1886: 1885: 1879: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1856: 1853: 1846: 1843: 1838: 1836:9780719071218 1832: 1828: 1821: 1818: 1806: 1805: 1800: 1794: 1791: 1780: 1776: 1769: 1766: 1754: 1753: 1748: 1742: 1739: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1715: 1712: 1700: 1696: 1690: 1687: 1676: 1675: 1670: 1663: 1660: 1649:on 2007-01-26 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1630: 1627: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1546: 1543: 1538: 1532: 1529: 1524: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1499: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1480: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1454: 1451: 1438: 1432: 1429: 1424: 1422:0-8122-3983-0 1418: 1414: 1413: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1396: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1369: 1366: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1339: 1336: 1324: 1320: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1284: 1278: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1247: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1137: 1136:proportionate 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1097:won the 2009 1096: 1095:David Barstow 1089: 1086: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1066: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1050: 1046: 1044: 1043: 1039:, as well as 1038: 1037: 1032: 1031: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1009: 1002: 994: 992: 990: 986: 982: 977: 974: 970: 966: 958: 956: 954: 951: 947: 943: 939: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 910: 907:, as well as 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 866: 864: 862: 858: 854: 850: 845: 844:United States 841: 837: 832: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 805: 800: 795: 793: 785: 783: 780: 776: 771: 766: 758: 756: 754: 749: 745: 737: 735: 733: 728: 721: 719: 717: 713: 709: 705: 700: 698: 694: 690: 682: 680: 678: 674: 670: 665: 661: 655: 650: 648: 644: 639: 632: 626: 622: 614: 612: 610: 606: 602: 594: 591: 589: 583: 581: 577: 573: 565: 563: 561: 556: 554: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 520: 518: 513: 510: 505: 503: 499: 495: 494: 489: 485: 481: 477: 472: 470: 464: 462: 452: 449: 447: 446:Bush doctrine 442: 441:War on Terror 436: 434: 430: 429:Antony Anghie 422: 416: 409: 407: 402: 397: 395: 391: 387: 383: 380: 376: 375:organisations 372: 368: 362: 354: 352: 348: 342:Unilateralism 341: 339: 335: 333: 329: 325: 321: 316: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 292: 288: 284: 276: 272: 268: 263: 256: 251: 249: 246: 241: 237: 233: 229: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 190: 188: 184: 180: 172: 170: 167: 164: 157:Perpetual war 156: 153: 151: 144: 142: 138: 134: 130: 128: 127:abstract noun 124: 120: 116: 112: 111:George Lakoff 108: 100: 98: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 66: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 39:war on terror 36: 32: 19: 4989: 4973:World War II 4829:Flower power 4681: 4521:Isolationism 4395:Peace treaty 4164: 4157: 4140: 4069: 4045:Axis of evil 3861: 3733:Anas Haqqani 3611:Participants 3494: 3458:Fisk, Robert 3433: 3430:Chernus, Ira 3390: 3365:The Guardian 3342:The Guardian 3315:. Retrieved 3313:. 2009-05-07 3308: 3299: 3290: 3283:. Retrieved 3278:The Guardian 3276: 3266: 3258: 3251:. Retrieved 3246:The Guardian 3244: 3234: 3223:. Retrieved 3218:The Guardian 3216: 3206: 3192: 3188: 3169: 3163: 3144: 3138: 3119: 3113: 3087:. Retrieved 3082: 3072: 3064:the original 3059: 3050: 3042:the original 3037: 3027: 3016:. Retrieved 3009:the original 2992: 2981:. Retrieved 2976: 2966: 2955:. Retrieved 2950: 2937: 2926:. Retrieved 2922: 2912: 2900:. Retrieved 2895: 2885: 2873:. Retrieved 2869:the original 2864: 2855: 2844:. Retrieved 2840: 2830: 2812: 2798:cite journal 2790:the original 2769: 2765: 2755: 2747:the original 2742: 2732: 2724:the original 2719: 2710: 2702:the original 2698:The Guardian 2697: 2687: 2679:the original 2674: 2664: 2647:1887/3618299 2627: 2623: 2613: 2602:. Retrieved 2590: 2580: 2563: 2559: 2553: 2544: 2534: 2525: 2515: 2503:. Retrieved 2496:the original 2491: 2485: 2472: 2464:the original 2459: 2450: 2442:the original 2437: 2427: 2419:the original 2414: 2405: 2391: 2372: 2360:. Retrieved 2350: 2344:(in English) 2331: 2323: 2314: 2301: 2289:. Retrieved 2278: 2265: 2254:. Retrieved 2250: 2240: 2229: 2209: 2183:. Retrieved 2178: 2168: 2149: 2130: 2123:The Guardian 2111: 2102: 2092:February 12, 2090:. Retrieved 2084: 2074: 2041: 2037: 2027: 2008: 2004: 1994: 1983:. Retrieved 1979: 1970: 1962: 1949: 1938:. Retrieved 1934:the original 1927: 1917: 1898: 1892: 1882: 1871: 1845: 1826: 1820: 1809:. Retrieved 1807:. 2006-03-31 1802: 1793: 1782:. Retrieved 1778: 1768: 1757:. Retrieved 1755:. 2006-07-13 1750: 1741: 1730:. Retrieved 1728:. 2006-03-22 1723: 1714: 1703:. Retrieved 1701:. 2005-12-13 1698: 1689: 1678:. Retrieved 1672: 1662: 1651:. Retrieved 1647:the original 1638: 1629: 1617:. Retrieved 1612: 1608: 1583:. Retrieved 1578: 1574: 1564: 1545: 1531: 1508: 1498: 1479: 1453: 1441:. Retrieved 1431: 1411: 1380:The Guardian 1368: 1357:. Retrieved 1353:the original 1348: 1338: 1326:. Retrieved 1322: 1312: 1304:The Guardian 1302: 1298: 1286: 1244: 1168:Nigel Lawson 1154: 1148:narcissistic 1141: 1124:Ken McDonald 1109: 1093: 1075: 1069: 1067: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1040: 1034: 1028: 1007: 1004: 978: 965:Andrew Kohut 962: 953:paramilitary 915:Marek Obrtel 913: 870: 833: 829:Islamophobic 821:Islamophobic 803: 796: 792:Islamophobia 789: 762: 748:combat drone 741: 729: 725: 701: 686: 657: 652: 634: 598: 585: 576:William Odom 569: 559: 557: 553:Fidel Castro 540:Ivor Roberts 521: 514: 506: 497: 491: 474: 466: 460: 458: 438: 426: 404: 399: 389: 386:Moazzam Begg 382:Ramsey Clark 373:, etc.) and 364: 349: 345: 336: 317: 294: 245:Barack Obama 230: 191: 176: 168: 160: 146: 131: 107:George Soros 104: 72:, say that " 67: 63:war on drugs 55:human rights 30: 29: 5120:Switzerland 5105:Netherlands 4978:Vietnam War 4968:World War I 4839:Human Be-In 4576:World peace 4541:Nonviolence 4506:Finvenkismo 4486:Appeasement 4400:Peaceworker 3992:Patriot Act 3743:Hafiz Saeed 3701:Individuals 3680:Philippines 3635:Afghanistan 3618:Operational 3384:Antiwar.com 2743:Reveal News 2675:BBC Culture 1639:War in Iraq 1443:13 February 1328:13 February 1299:monbiot.com 1200:Black sites 1062:Scott Atran 989:imperialist 981:US military 950:pro-Russian 917:, a former 836:anti-Muslim 804:Orientalism 799:Edward Said 669:black sites 526:politician 507:In 2006, a 480:Robert Pape 469:Robert Pape 423:Imperialism 371:Afghanistan 267:Satar Jabar 265:Picture of 133:Jason Burke 101:Terminology 90:Afghanistan 47:governments 5163:Categories 5085:Costa Rica 4871:Peace walk 4683:Peace News 4561:Satyagraha 4546:Pacificism 4536:Nonkilling 4450:Anarchism 4439:Ideologies 4355:Peace camp 4143:photograph 3789:Boko Haram 3784:Al-Shabaab 3779:Abu Sayyaf 3596:Withdrawal 3586:Withdrawal 3317:2009-05-07 3285:15 January 3253:15 January 3225:2008-10-22 3018:2009-01-28 2983:2023-05-06 2979:(in Czech) 2957:2023-05-06 2928:2023-05-06 2846:2023-05-06 2604:2019-11-06 2591:The Nation 2256:2007-04-06 1985:2021-09-02 1940:2009-01-28 1811:2009-01-28 1784:2009-01-28 1759:2009-01-28 1732:2009-01-28 1705:2009-01-28 1680:2009-01-28 1653:2007-02-12 1359:2009-01-28 1279:References 999:See also: 759:Casualties 689:war crimes 645:(then the 629:See also: 532:ambassador 359:See also: 281:See also: 210:UN Charter 82:mujahideen 78:insurgents 5073:Countries 5054:Landmines 5042:in Russia 5000:Criticism 4809:Desertion 4295:Code Pink 3859:Operation 3851:Conflicts 3199:The Times 3099:cite news 2902:9 January 2875:9 January 2786:253501960 2656:244221750 2599:0027-8378 2566:: 87–95. 2362:17 August 2291:2 January 2195:cite news 1929:The Hindu 1030:USA Today 979:Numerous 695:wrote to 654:tortured. 611:reports. 558:In 2018, 275:car theft 226:precedent 222:war crime 150:militancy 137:terrorism 74:terrorism 5148:Category 5005:Protests 4995:Iraq War 4898:Teach-in 4551:Pacifism 4252:Anti-war 4200:Category 4120:Islamism 4060:Cold War 3985:Policies 3937:Iraq War 3769:al-Qaeda 3762:Factions 3685:Ethiopia 3660:Pakistan 3592:Iraq War 3466:Archived 3310:BBC News 3281:. London 3249:. London 3060:NBC News 2923:StopFake 2896:Kurzy.cz 2865:Stalo-se 2820:Archived 2438:Guardian 2380:Archived 2285:Archived 2218:Archived 2185:20 April 1855:Archived 1804:BBC News 1779:BBC News 1752:BBC News 1725:BBC News 1699:BBC News 1674:BBC News 1643:Newsweek 1509:Al-Qaeda 1463:Archived 1178:See also 522:British 461:combined 305:Belmarsh 212:and the 194:just war 43:misnomer 5090:Germany 4721:Symbols 4667:Museums 4210:Commons 4033:Related 3824:Taliban 3694:Targets 3513:(PDF). 3089:19 June 3083:Reuters 2505:20 June 1965:, 2005. 1619:26 June 1615:(3): 58 1585:26 June 1581:(3): 57 1118:in the 1081:errors. 925:in the 881:Germany 873:Britain 817:Muslims 638:torture 410:Methods 394:crusade 322:Leader 318:Former 295:In the 183:nations 139:" and " 113:of the 5095:Israel 5080:Canada 4819:Die-in 4769:Bed-in 4516:Hippie 4446:Ahimsa 4000:(2002) 3994:(2001) 3501:  3397:  3176:  3151:  3126:  2784:  2654:  2597:  1905:  1833:  1519:  1419:  1143:London 946:Russia 909:Jordan 901:Turkey 893:Russia 877:France 401:Islam. 289:, and 125:is an 123:terror 35:ethics 5115:Sudan 5110:Spain 5100:Japan 4716:Songs 4701:Plays 4617:Films 4597:Books 4556:Peace 4415:Unity 3910:Other 3038:Wired 3012:(PDF) 3001:(PDF) 2947:(PDF) 2782:S2CID 2652:S2CID 2526:Salon 2499:(PDF) 2482:(PDF) 1323:Wired 905:Egypt 889:India 885:Japan 536:Italy 439:"The 301:Blair 4254:and 4182:CAGE 3655:NATO 3645:Iraq 3625:ISAF 3499:ISBN 3395:ISBN 3287:2009 3255:2009 3174:ISBN 3149:ISBN 3124:ISBN 3105:link 3091:2023 2904:2015 2877:2015 2804:link 2595:ISSN 2507:2023 2460:WION 2415:OCHA 2364:2012 2293:2010 2201:link 2187:2018 2094:2011 1903:ISBN 1831:ISBN 1621:2013 1587:2013 1517:ISBN 1445:2012 1417:ISBN 1330:2012 1110:The 931:NATO 921:and 891:and 777:and 623:and 496:and 367:Iraq 311:and 240:Iraq 177:One 88:and 86:Iraq 4592:Art 3486:". 3473:". 3460:. " 3422:". 3409:". 3382:". 3363:". 2774:doi 2642:hdl 2632:doi 2568:doi 2322:". 2159:". 2140:". 2121:". 2046:doi 2013:doi 1959:VHS 1955:DVD 1881:". 1555:". 1505:"2" 1470:". 1378:". 1160:MI5 1025:NBC 1021:ABC 1017:CBS 811:at 746:by 708:SAS 580:NSA 534:to 119:war 59:war 5165:: 4952:US 4950:; 4948:UK 3432:, 3307:. 3289:. 3275:. 3257:. 3243:. 3215:. 3197:, 3101:}} 3097:{{ 3081:. 3058:. 3036:. 2975:. 2949:. 2921:. 2894:. 2863:. 2839:. 2800:}} 2796:{{ 2780:. 2770:36 2768:. 2764:. 2741:. 2718:. 2696:. 2673:. 2650:. 2640:. 2628:14 2626:. 2622:. 2593:. 2589:. 2564:10 2562:. 2543:. 2524:. 2492:43 2490:. 2484:. 2458:. 2436:. 2413:. 2338:, 2283:. 2277:. 2249:. 2197:}} 2193:{{ 2177:. 2083:. 2060:^ 2042:43 2040:. 2036:. 2009:43 2007:. 2003:. 1978:. 1961:, 1926:. 1801:. 1777:. 1749:. 1722:. 1697:. 1671:. 1641:. 1637:. 1613:92 1611:. 1607:. 1595:^ 1579:92 1577:. 1573:. 1515:. 1513:22 1507:. 1489:". 1401:^ 1387:^ 1347:. 1321:. 1293:, 1122:, 1120:UK 1033:, 1027:, 1023:, 1019:, 903:, 887:, 883:, 879:, 875:, 718:. 704:UK 679:. 667:(" 538:, 396:: 369:, 315:. 285:, 4954:) 4925:" 4921:" 4918:" 4914:" 4906:" 4902:" 4889:" 4885:" 4852:" 4848:" 4244:e 4237:t 4230:v 3651:) 3647:( 3598:) 3588:) 3584:( 3558:e 3551:t 3544:v 3524:. 3448:" 3439:" 3354:. 3352:" 3348:" 3334:" 3320:. 3228:. 3182:. 3157:. 3132:. 3107:) 3093:. 3021:. 2986:. 2960:. 2931:. 2906:. 2879:. 2849:. 2806:) 2776:: 2658:. 2644:: 2634:: 2607:. 2574:. 2570:: 2547:. 2528:. 2509:. 2366:. 2318:" 2305:" 2295:. 2259:. 2203:) 2189:. 2096:. 2048:: 2015:: 1988:. 1957:/ 1943:. 1911:. 1849:" 1839:. 1814:. 1787:. 1762:. 1735:. 1708:. 1683:. 1656:. 1623:. 1589:. 1525:. 1447:. 1425:. 1362:. 1332:. 277:. 20:)

Index

Criticisms of War on Terrorism
ethics
war on terror
misnomer
governments
civil liberties
human rights
war
war on drugs
Francis Fukuyama
terrorism
insurgents
mujahideen
Iraq
Afghanistan
Shirley Williams
George Soros
George Lakoff
Rockridge Institute
war
terror
abstract noun
Jason Burke
terrorism
war against terrorism
militancy
George W. Bush
justification given for the invasion of Iraq
nations
conventional warfare

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑