148:
Others merely rely on the instinct of most people when confronted with an act that involves innocent civilians being killed or maimed by men armed with explosives, firearms or other weapons. None is satisfactory and grave problems with the use of the term persist. Terrorism is after all, a tactic. The term 'war on terrorism' is thus effectively nonsensical. As there is no space here to explore this involved and difficult debate, my preference is, on the whole, for the less loaded term '
262:
415:
899:. By 2006, supporters of the effort were in the minority in Britain (49%), Germany (47%), France (43%) and Japan (26%). Although a majority of Russians still supported the war on terror, that majority had decreased by 21%. Whereas 63% of Spaniards supported the war on terror in 2003, only 19% of the population indicated support in 2006. 19% of the Chinese population still supports the war on terror and less than a fifth of the populations of
4196:
590:, the slogans of today's war on terrorism merely makes the United States look hypocritical to the rest of the world. A prudent American president would end the present policy of "sustained hysteria" over potential terrorist attacks..treat terrorism as a serious but not a strategic problem, encourage Americans to regain their confidence and refuse to let Al Qaeda keep us in a state of fright.
794:. Theologian Lawrence Davidson, who studies contemporary Muslims societies in North America, defines this concept as a stereotyping of all followers of Islam as real or potential terrorists due to alleged hateful and violent teaching of their religion. He goes on to argue that "Islam is reduced to the concept of jihad and Jihad is reduced to terror against the West."
4206:
1052:"Framing is a process whereby communicators, consciously or unconsciously, act to construct a point of view that encourages the facts of a given situation to be interpreted by others in a particular manner," wrote Kuypers. These findings suggest that the public is misinformed about government justification and plans concerning the war on terror.
1134:. He added that a "culture of legislative restraint" was needed in passing anti-terrorism laws and that a "primary purpose" of the violent attacks was to tempt countries such as Britain to "abandon our values." He stated that in the eyes of the UK criminal justice system, the response to terrorism had to be "
827:, Muslims have been subject to widespread demonization in the Western mass-media, characterised by racist stereotypes and intense securitization. Hollywood movies and TV shows have portrayed simplistic depictions of Arab characters and advanced dualistic notions that have been causing the promulgation of
1014:
illustrated "how the press failed
America in its coverage on the war on terror." In each comparison, Kuypers "detected massive bias on the part of the press." This researcher called the mainstream news media an "anti-democratic institution" in his conclusion. "What has essentially happened since 9/11
772:
which estimates that in general there are around four indirect deaths due to indirect consequences of war for every direct killing. The report's author
Stephanie Savell stated that in an ideal scenario, the preferable way of quantifying the total death toll would've been by studying excess mortality,
767:
estimated that, as the result of the destruction of infrastructure, economies, public services and the environment, there have been between 3.6 and 3.7 million indirect deaths in the post-9/11 war zones, in addition to 906,000–937,000 direct killings with the total death toll being 4.5 to 4.6 million
405:
Professor Khaled
Beydoun of the University of Arkansas-Fayetteville School of Law states that the War on Terror exports Islamophobia to other countries, which utilize it to persecute and punish their own Muslim populations. Two countries he mentions that facilitate structural Islamophobia as a result
147:
There are multiple ways of defining terrorism and all are subjective. Most define terrorism as 'the use or threat of serious violence' to advance some kind of 'cause'. Some state clearly the kinds of group ('sub-national', 'non-state') or cause (political, ideological, religious) to which they refer.
1048:
This goes beyond reporting alternate points of view, which is an important function of the press. "In short," Kuypers explained, "if someone were relying only on the mainstream media for information, they would have no idea what the president actually said. It was as if the press were reporting on a
346:
U.S. President George W. Bush's remark of
November 2001 claiming that "You're either with us or you are with the terrorists," has been a source of criticism. Thomas A. Keaney of Johns Hopkins University's Foreign Policy Institute said "it made diplomacy with a number of different countries far more
726:
A presidential memorandum of 7 February 2002, authorized U.S. interrogators of captured prisoners to deny the prisoners basic protections as required by the Geneva
Conventions, and thus according to professor Jordan J. Paust, "necessarily authorized and ordered violations of the Geneva Conventions,
1101:
for connecting the
Department of Defense to over 75 retired generals supporting the Iraq War on television and radio networks. The Department of Defense recruited retired generals to promote the war to the American public. Barstow also discovered undisclosed links between some retired generals and
1064:
writes that "publicity is the oxygen of terrorism" and the rapid growth of international communicative networks renders publicity even more potent, with the result that "perhaps never in the history of human conflict have so few people with so few actual means and capabilities frightened so many."
1059:
political scientist Ian S. Lustick claimed, "The media have given constant attention to possible terrorist-initiated catastrophes and to the failures and weaknesses of the government's response." Lustick alleged that the war on terror is disconnected from the real but remote threat terrorism poses
975:
polls conducted in 2004, "the ongoing conflict in Iraq continues to fuel anti-American sentiments. America's global popularity plummeted at the start of military action in Iraq and the U.S. presence there remains widely unpopular." US wars in
Afghanistan and Iraq became heavily unpopular among the
350:
Richard
Jackson notes how: "the grammatical construction of this choice is extremely powerful. On the one hand, it obliterates all neutral ground and denies any possibility of withholding judgment or weighing up the evidence On the other hand, it is loaded in such a way that any choice other than
242:
represented, at best, a gathering threat and not an imminent one. In hindsight he notes that Iraq did not even represent a gathering threat. "The decision to attack Iraq in March 2003 was discretionary: it was a war of choice. There was no vital
American interests in imminent danger and there were
165:
articulated the goals of the war on terror in a
September 20, 2001 speech, in which he said that it "will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped and defeated." In that same speech, he called the war "a task that does not end", an argument he reiterated in 2006
3291:
The call for a "war on terror" was a call to arms, an attempt to build solidarity for a fight against a single shared enemy. But the foundation for solidarity between peoples and nations should be based not on who we are against, but on the idea of who we are and the values we share. Terrorists
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inadequates. They were criminals. They were fantasists. We need to be very clear about this. On the streets of London there is no such thing as a war on terror. The fight against terrorism on the streets of Britain is not a war. It is the prevention of crime, the enforcement of our laws and the
1072:
contains several examples of controversies concerning mainstream reporting of the war on terror. Cooper found that bloggers' criticisms of factual inaccuracies in news stories or bloggers' discovery of the mainstream press' failure to adequately verify facts before publication caused many news
243:
alternatives to using military force, such as strengthening existing sanctions." However, Haass argues that U.S. intervention in Afghanistan in 2001 began as a war of necessity—vital interests were at stake—but morphed "into something else and it crossed a line in March 2009, when President
337:
Richard Jackson notes how countries like Russia, India, Israel and China also adopted the language of the war on terror to describe their own fight against domestic insurgents and dissidents. He argues that "Linking rebels and dissidents at home to the global 'war on terrorism' gives these
448:-which consists basically of pre-emption, the identification and then transformation of rogue states-is essentially imperial in character. It is yet another version of the civilizing mission that, I have argued, has animated the international system from its very beginnings."
1049:
different speech." The study is essentially a "comparative framing analysis". Overall, Kuypers examined themes about the September 11 attacks and the war on terror that President Bush used and compared them to themes that the press used when reporting on what he said.
463:. From 1980 to 2003, there were 343 suicide attacks around the world and at most 10 percent were anti-American inspired. Since 2004, there have been more than 2,000, over 91 percent against U.S. and allied forces in Afghanistan, Iraq, as well as other countries.
1080:
Mainstream reporting of the war on terror has frequently contained factual inaccuracies. In some cases, the errors go uncorrected: moreover, when corrections are issued they usually are given far less prominence than the initial coverage containing the
400:
I think that history is definitely repeating itself and for the Muslim world and I think even a great part of the non-Muslim world now, are beginning to recognize that there are ambitions that the United States has on the lands and wealth of nations of
96:
posits that this increases resentment and terrorist threats against the West. Other criticism include United States hypocrisy, media induced hysteria, and that changes in American foreign and security policy have shifted world opinion against the US.
2418:
635:
The term "torture by proxy" is used by some critics to describe situations in which the CIA and other US agencies transferred supposed terrorists, whom they captured during their efforts in the 'war on terrorism', to countries known to employ
750:
has been a source of controversy over whether extrajudicial killing outside an active battlefield is ethical, whether it is legal under U.S. and international law, how the decision to assassinate a given person or group is made, whether the
666:
from the Council of Europe estimated that 100 people were kidnapped by the CIA on EU territory with the cooperation of Council of Europe members and rendered to other countries, often after having transited through secret detention centres
781:
in addition to the conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan and other countries. Savell said:"There are reverberating costs, the human cost of war, that people for the most part in the United States don’t really know enough about or think about".
846:
between 2006 and 2015 concluded that "terrorist attacks" committed by Muslim individuals receive 357% more coverage in American media, than those committed by non-Muslim terrorists. This was the case, notwithstanding the fact that
247:
decided to sharply increase American troop levels and declared that it was U.S. policy to 'take the fight to the Taliban in the south and east' of the country." Afghanistan, according to Haass, eventually became a war of choice.
940:, he stated he was "deeply ashamed that I served a criminal organization such as NATO, led by the USA and its perverse interests around the world", and alleged the U.S. was using conflicts such as the war on terror to further
443:
inaugurated by the Bush administration has profoundly challenged the system of international law and relations created by the United Nations (UN)... Novel situations require novel remedies. My basic argument here is that the
1045:) did echo Bush, but within eight weeks it began to intentionally ignore certain information the president was sharing and instead reframed the president's themes or intentionally introduced new material to shift the focus."
773:
or by using on-the-ground researchers in the affected countries. The report defined post-9/11 war zones as conflicts that included significant United States counter-terrorism operations since 9/11, which includes the
653:
the United States has not transported anyone and will not transport anyone, to a country when we believe he will be tortured. Where appropriate, the United States seeks assurances that transferred persons will not be
1145:
is not a battlefield. Those innocents who were murdered ... were not victims of war. And the men who killed them were not, as in their vanity they claimed on their ludicrous videos, 'soldiers'. They were deluded,
3585:
1005:
Researchers in communication studies and political science found that American understanding of the "war on terror" is directly shaped by how mainstream news media reports events associated with the conflict. In
550:
as a terrorist organization, sparking criticism. Other critics further noted that the American government granted political asylum to several alleged terrorists and terrorist organizations that seek to overthrow
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succeed when they render countries fearful and vindictive, when they sow division and animosity, when they force countries to respond with violence and repression. The best response is to refuse to be cowed.
640:
as an interrogation technique. Some also claimed that US agencies knew torture was employed, even though the transfer of anyone to anywhere for the purpose of torture is a violation of US law. Nonetheless,
542:, echoed this criticism when he stated that President Bush was "the best recruiting sergeant ever for al Qaeda." The United States also granted "protected persons" status under the Geneva Convention to the
1015:
has been that Bush has repeated the same themes and framed those themes the same whenever discussing the war on terror," said Kuypers. "Immediately following 9/11, the mainstream news media (represented by
511:
stated that the war in Iraq has increased the threat of terrorism. The estimate was compiled by 16 intelligence agencies and was the first assessment of global terrorism since the start of the Iraq war.
2433:
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Story framing is often problematic: in particular, "man-in-the-street" interviews have often been used as a representation of public sentiment in Iraq, in place of methodologically sound survey data.
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374:
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Excerpts from an April 2006 report compiled from sixteen U.S. government intelligence agencies, however, has strengthened the claim that engaging in Iraq has increased terrorism in the region.
500:, he uses data from an extensive terrorism database and argues that by increasing military occupations, the US government is increasing terrorism. Pape is also the director and founder of the
519:'. Structural violence, in this instance, refers to economic conditions of backwardness which are attributed to the economic policies of the Western nations, the United States in particular.
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307:
prison: controls on free speech through laws against protests near Parliament and laws banning the "glorification" of terrorism: and reductions in checks on police power, as in the case of
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wrote that the United States and United Kingdom governments "must stop to think whether it is sowing the kind of resentment which is the seedbed of future terrorism." The United Kingdom
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2836:
1055:
Others have also suggested that press coverage contributed to a public confused and misinformed on both the nature and level of the threat to the U.S. posed by terrorism. In his book,
2455:
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defense contractors. He reported that "the Bush administration used its control over access of information in an effort to transform the analysts into a kind of media Trojan horse".
1219:
492:
5036:
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expressing concern when a Washington Post correspondent was prevented at gunpoint by American soldiers from investigating the impact of an American missile fired in Afghanistan.
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Each month, there are more suicide terrorists trying to kill Americans and their allies in Afghanistan, Iraq, as well as other Muslim countries than in all the years before 2001
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terrorism reporter Rukmini Callimachi said "there are more terrorists now than there are on the eve of September 11, not less...There are more terror groups now, not less."
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2715:
599:
In the months leading up to the invasion of Iraq, President Bush and members of his administration indicated they possessed information which demonstrated a link between
1084:
The mainstream press has sometimes failed to check the provenance of information or visual images supplied by Iraqi "stringers" (local Iraqis hired to relay local news).
603:.The consensus among intelligence experts is that these claims were false and that there was never an operational relationship between the two. This is supported by the
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and Charter of the United Nations, and condemned it for reviving age-old imperialist notions. Comparing it to the Spanish War against American Indians, Anghie writes:
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criticised the war on terror as a "huge overreaction" and had decried the militarization and politicization of U.S. efforts to be the wrong approach to terrorism.
2761:
3055:
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2892:"Cháá je to borec Ĺľe cháá Pplk. v.z. MUDr. Marek Obrtel : Hluboce se stydĂm za zloÄŤineckou organizaci jakou je NATO. VracĂm vyznamenánĂ - Akcie ERSTE BANK"
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As many critics have pointed out, terrorism is not an enemy. It is a tactic. Because the United States itself has a long record of supporting terrorists and
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governments both the freedom to crack down on them without fear of international condemnation, and in some cases, direct military assistance from America".
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and that the generalized war on terror began as part of the justification for invading Iraq, but then took on a life of its own, fueled by media coverage.
587:
365:
Since the war on terror revolved primarily around the United States and other NATO states intervening in the internal affairs of Muslim countries (i.e. in
1344:
675:, the CIA has conducted 1,245 flights, many of them to destinations where these alleged 'terrorists' could face torture, in violation of article 3 of the
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1098:
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This US programme also prompted several official investigations in Europe into alleged secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers involving
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208:. On this ground, by invading a country that did not pose an imminent threat without UN support, the U.S. violated international law, including the
1436:
5193:
5124:
5053:
4147:
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3556:
968:
2998:"Testimony of Andrew Kohut United States House of Representatives International Relations Committee Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations"
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in which he argued that the United States sees the Muslims and Arabs in essentialized caricatures – as oil supplies or potential terrorists.
270:
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and others have argued that detainees should be considered "unlawful combatants" and as such not be protected by the Geneva Conventions.
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Cornelia Beyer explains how terrorism increased as a response to past and present military intervention and occupation, as well as to '
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of American soldiers participating in campaign operations across the world; with the knowledge of their military superiors. In 2002,
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Another criticism of the war on terror has been the number people killed in the various associated conflicts. In a 2023 report, the
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65:), since there is no identifiable enemy and that it is unlikely international terrorism can be brought to an end by military means.
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government used the war on terror as a pretext to radically curtail civil liberties. For example, the detention-without-trial in
2723:
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Mainstream reporting has tended to concentrate on the more violent areas of Iraq, with little or no reporting of the calm areas.
76:" is not an enemy but a tactic, and calling it a "war on terror" obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation
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334:) impose on the government a "legal obligation" to investigate and prevent potential torture and human rights violations.
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3340:" "Britain needs political wisdom more than the intelligence services to prevent terrorism on its shores". Khaled Diab,
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987:—in fierce protest rallies denouncing the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, with many condemning the military campaigns as
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One aspect of the criticism regarding the rhetoric justifying the war on terror was religionism, or more specifically
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2479:"Executive Plans and Authorizations to Violate International Law Concerning Treatment and Interrogation of Detainees"
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45:. The notion of a "war" against "terrorism" has proven highly contentious, with critics charging that participating
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Alleged secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers of detainees involving Council of Europe member states
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1297:("Those who support the coming war with Iraq refuse to see that it has anything to do with US global domination"),
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support the efforts. The report also indicated that Indian public support for the war on terror has been stable.
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1126:, Britain's most senior criminal prosecutor, stated that those responsible for acts of terrorism such as the
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and rising.The report derived its estimate of indirect deaths using a calculation created by the U.N.-backed
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Venezuela accused the U.S. government of having a double standard towards terrorism for giving safe haven to
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of at least 80 civilians during 2010–2013, accompanied by a decades-long coverup at the highest echelons of
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574:. Some Americans also commented on the selective use of the term war on terrorism, including 3-star general
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Pew Global Attitudes Project: America's Image in the World: Findings from the Pew Global Attitudes Project
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A major criticism leveled at this justification is that it does not fulfill one of the requirements of a
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Davidson, Lawrence (2011). "Islamophobia, the Israel Lobby and American Paranoia: Letter from America".
2411:"Inquiry considers allegations of 80 unlawful civilian killings and cover-up by UK's SAS in Afghanistan"
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1135:
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366:
2397:"A Washington Post correspondent in Afghanistan restrained at gunpoint by American soldiers | RSF"
2716:"Terror Attacks By Muslims Get 357 Percent More Media Coverage Than Other Terror Attacks, Study Shows"
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Protestors dressed as hooded detainees and holding WCW signs in Washington, DC, on January 4, 2007
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Cooper found that bloggers specializing in criticism of media coverage advanced four key points:
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129:. "Terror cannot be destroyed by weapons or signing a peace treaty. A war on terror has no end."
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between 2008 and 2016. Despite this, administration officials have been lax on cracking down on
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have been excessive, and whether the practice ends up recruiting more terrorists than it kills.
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2837:"Marek Obrtel: Hluboce se stydĂm za zloÄŤineckou organizaci, jakou je NATO. VracĂm vyznamenánĂ"
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Various critics dubbed the term "war on terror" as nonsensical. Billionaire activist investor
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Beyer, Anna Cornelia, "Counterterrorism and International Power Relations", IB Tauris, 2010.
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2944:"The Russian connections of far-right and paramilitary organizations in the Czech Republic"
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152:'. This is not an attempt to condone such actions, merely to analyze them in a clearer way.
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democracies must respond to terrorism by championing the rule of law, not subordinating it
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2739:"Far-right extremists have hatched far more terror plots than anyone else in recent years"
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2356:"Remarks of Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice Upon Her Departure for Europe, 5 Dec 2005"
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1319:"FBI Tried to Cover Patriot Act Abuses With Flawed, Retroactive Subpoenas, Audit Finds"
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1170:, former Chancellor of the Exchequer, called for Britain to end its involvement in the
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Beyer, Cornelia, "Violent Globalisms: Conflict in Response to Empire", Ashgate, 2008.
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was to prevent terroristic, or other attacks, by Iraq on the United States or other
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41:. It also touches upon criticism against the phrase itself, which was branded as a
2777:
2636:
2620:"Reflection: the "war on terror", Islamophobia and radicalisation twenty years on"
2619:
1668:
1459:
3529:
Getting to Ground Truth: Investigating U.S. Abuses in the "War on Terror." (2004)
2973:"Propaganda v uniformÄ›. ÄŚeskoslovenštĂ vojáci s Ruskem proti Západu a uprchlĂkĹŻm"
2861:"Marek Obrtel vrátil vyznamenánĂ, jelikoĹľ se stydĂ za svĂ© pĹŻsobenĂ v silách NATO"
1174:, describing the mission as "wholly unsuccessful and indeed counter-productive."
838:
stereotypes in the Anglo-American media. A study conducted by researchers in the
330:, arguing that the human rights conventions to which the UK is a signatory (e.g.
4838:
4575:
4540:
4505:
4485:
4399:
3991:
3742:
3679:
3457:
3429:
3383:
1061:
949:
835:
798:
501:
479:
468:
347:
difficult because obviously there are different problems throughout the world."
266:
224:. Additional criticism raised the point that the United States might have set a
132:
89:
1130:
are not "soldiers" in a war, but "inadequates" who should be dealt with by the
135:, a journalist who writes about radical Islamic activity, describes the terms "
4870:
4682:
4560:
4545:
4535:
4354:
4220:
3788:
3778:
1437:"America's Image in the World: Findings from the Pew Global Attitudes Project"
1199:
1166:, former UK foreign secretary, has similarly called the strategy a "mistake".
863:
policies mostly to impose surveillance policies against the Muslim community.
668:
531:
300:
209:
122:
81:
77:
46:
2598:
2541:"Post-9/11 wars have contributed to some 4.5 million deaths, report suggests"
2434:"Eighty Afghan civilians may have been summarily killed by SAS, inquiry told"
4808:
4294:
3451:
State Department Lie About Terrorism Levels Bolstered Bush Claims of Success
3378:
3198:
2050:
2017:
1928:
1774:
1746:
1029:
824:
688:
326:
has also condemned Blair's inaction over the controversial U.S. practice of
274:
225:
221:
2760:
M. Kearns, E. Betus, F. Lemieux, Erin, Allison, Anthony (25 January 2019).
815:
Tahir Abbas has criticised the war for resulting in the "securitisation of
671:"), some located in Europe, utilised by the CIA. According to the separate
3145:
Talking to the Enemy: Faith, Brotherhood, and the (Un)Making of Terrorists
2694:"Terror attacks by Muslims receive 357% more press attention, study finds"
2571:
2521:
672:
4897:
4550:
4119:
4059:
3936:
3768:
3684:
3659:
3591:
3309:
2919:"Is Pro-Russian Propaganda Fueling Czech and Slovak Paramilitary Groups?"
2762:"Why Do Some Terrorist Attacks Receive More Media Attention Than Others?"
1803:
1751:
1724:
1673:
1642:
393:
304:
193:
42:
2646:
1552:
Campaign in Iraq has increased threat, says American intelligence report
625:
Torture and the United States § Torture and Extraordinary Rendition
504:, a database of every known suicide terrorist attack from 1980 to 2008.
384:, among others. After his release from Guantanamo in 2005, ex-detainee
118:
49:
exploited it to pursue long-standing policy/military objectives, reduce
3823:
2867:. No. 26 December 2014. Stalo-se. 26 December 2014. Archived from
880:
816:
637:
2456:"SAS inquiry reveals possible summary killings of 80 Afghan civilians"
955:
group and voiced his disdain for the U.S., NATO, and their interests.
555:'s regime, while the American government claims to be anti-terrorism.
4818:
4768:
4515:
4445:
1395:
American Hegemony: How to Use It, How to Lose It by Gen. William Odom
1142:
945:
908:
900:
892:
876:
182:
34:
3120:
Bush's War: Media Bias and Justifications for War in a Terrorist Age
1008:
Bush's War: Media Bias and Justifications for War in a Terrorist Age
109:
criticized the term "war on terror" as a "false metaphor." Linguist
871:
In 2002, strong majorities supported the U.S.-led war on terror in
4555:
2868:
2307:
Background Paper on CIA's Combined Use of Interrogation Techniques
904:
888:
884:
687:
There has also been politically motivated systematic cover-ups of
535:
413:
260:
196:
and that in waging war preemptively, the United States undermined
3079:"Veterans symbolically discard service medals at anti-NATO rally"
1953:"21st Century CrUSAders: A War on Muslims in Iraq and Palestine"
1068:
Media researcher Stephen D. Cooper's analysis of media criticism
662:
member states, including those related with the war on terror. A
37:, efficiency, economics, as well as other issues surrounding the
3654:
3644:
3534:
1537:"Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People"
930:
239:
126:
85:
4224:
3538:
3434:
Monsters To Destroy: The Neoconservative War on Terror and Sin
1958:
1954:
1159:
1024:
1016:
663:
58:
2156:
Why the U.S. granted 'protected' status to Iranian terrorists
2106:
Beyer, Cornelia (2008), "Violent Globalisms", Ashgate, London
983:
veterans have handed back their service medals—including the
351:
fully supporting the United States results in condemnation".
4166:
Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World
2320:
New CIA Docs Detail Brutal 'Extraordinary Rendition' Process
3495:
5 Codes: Architecture, Paranoia and Risk in Times of Terror
2215:"Venezuela accuses U.S. of 'double standard' on terrorism".
1901:. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. p. 86.
1829:. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. p. 13.
1151:
winning of justice for those damaged by their infringement.
872:
3379:
We've Been Warned (The state of our union: perpetual war)
3349:
2275:"Obama's War on Terror May Resemble Bush's in Some Areas"
823:
discourses internationally since 2001. During decades of
2792:
on 3 April 2019 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
2234:
American Hegemony How to Use It, How to Lose at Docstoc
238:, argues that on the eve of U.S. intervention in 2003,
2034:"The War on Terror and Iraq in Historical Perspective"
2001:"The War on Terror and Iraq in Historical Perspective"
1976:"Exporting Islamophobia in the Global "War On Terror""
1390:
1388:
1220:
International public opinion on the war in Afghanistan
493:
Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism
3034:"Afghanistan War Is Now More Unpopular Than Iraq War"
1539:(Press release). The White House. September 20, 2001.
2081:"Spy Agencies Say Iraq War Worsens Terrorism Threat"
5072:
4937:
4866:
Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention)
4761:
4584:
4438:
4262:
4032:
3984:
3909:
3857:
3850:
3761:
3700:
3693:
3617:
3610:
3170:
Watching the Watchdog: Bloggers As the Fifth Estate
1070:
Watching the Watchdog: Bloggers As the Fifth Estate
631:
Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture
4430:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
1158:, former head of the British intelligence service
1138:and grounded in due process and the rule of law":
834:Another noticeable trend has been the increase of
3522:A Theory of International Terrorism (Brill, 2006)
3463:Folly taken to a scale we haven't seen since WWII
3393:. Vancouver, B.C.: Douglas & McIntyre, 2009.
3391:Unembedded: Two Decades of Maverick War Reporting
2063:
2061:
1878:With us or against us? Mideast is not that simple
1073:organizations to retract or change news stories.
502:Chicago Project on Security and Terrorism (CPOST)
377:, it has been labelled a war against Islam by ex-
5174:Opposition to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
3103:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1235:Opposition to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
895:, according to a sample survey conducted by the
3445:". Wilson's Almanac, accessed 26 February 2005.
853:domestic terrorist attacks in the United States
851:have been responsible for almost twice as many
842:which analysed domestic terrorist incidents in
706:published in July 2023 reported that 3 British
457:
3241:"'War on Terror' was a mistake, says Miliband"
3085:. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022
2309:". 30 December 2004. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
2247:"Hussein's Prewar Ties To Al-Qaeda Discounted"
1404:
1402:
431:criticised the "War on Terror" as a breach of
4881:Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces
4236:
3550:
3194:There is no war on terror in the UK, says DPP
3056:"US veterans to return war medals in protest"
490:, not extremist ideologies. In works such as
8:
3480:Gonzales, Patrisia and Rodriguez, Roberto. "
3436:. Boulder, Colo.: Paradigm Publishers, 2006.
3122:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
2802:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1240:Protests against the invasion of Afghanistan
1210:Extraordinary rendition by the United States
179:justification given for the invasion of Iraq
4125:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction
2326:. 28 August 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
1301:(author's website archives), reposted from
673:European Parliament report of February 2007
392:and claimed the U.S. was engaging in a new
4243:
4229:
4221:
3854:
3697:
3614:
3557:
3543:
3535:
3213:"Response to 9/11 was "hugh overreaction""
1598:
1596:
1099:Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting
406:of the War on Terror are India and China.
388:appeared in the Islamist propaganda video
61:is not appropriate in this context (as in
4834:Global Day of Action on Military Spending
3419:More Iraqis killed by U.S. than by terror
2645:
2635:
2049:
2016:
933:operations in 2014. In an open letter to
929:, publicly returned his medals earned in
677:United Nations Convention Against Torture
27:Controversy surrounding the war on terror
3922:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
2942:Zgut, Edit; Győri, Lóránt (April 2017).
2671:"How Muslims became the good guys on TV"
1307:, March 11, 2003, accessed May 28, 2007.
1225:NSA warrantless surveillance controversy
117:argued that there cannot literally be a
92:, and its associated collateral damage,
57:. It is argued by critics that the term
3630:Operation Enduring Freedom participants
3360:Al-Qaida would back Bush, says UK envoy
1283:
969:U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs
4566:Soviet influence on the peace movement
3442:Myths of the War on Terrorism and Iraq
3406:Perpetual War Poses a Risk to US Power
3096:
2795:
2192:
1669:"Belmarsh - Britain's Guantanamo Bay?"
1205:Canadian Afghan detainee abuse scandal
948:. In the years after, Obrtel formed a
4753:World March for Peace and Nonviolence
4159:Targeted Killing in International Law
4040:Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
3493:Igmade (Stephan TrĂĽby et al., eds.),
3211:Norton-Taylor, Richard (2008-10-18).
2487:Columbia Journal of Transnational Law
2173:Callimachi, Rukmini (19 April 2018).
1439:. Pew Research Center. March 14, 2007
1345:""War on terror" difficult to define"
1190:Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
985:Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
546:, an Iranian group classified by the
7:
4910:Third Party Non-violent Intervention
4205:
3510:Bounding the Global War on Terrorism
2520:Shapiro, Walter (23 February 2006).
1415:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
566:Hypocrisy of the Bush administration
269:, one of the prisoners subjected to
3454:". Capitol Hill Blue, 11 June 2004.
3357:Arie, Sophie and MacAskill, Ewen. "
3305:"Lawson suggests Afghan withdrawal"
3032:Ackerman, Spencer (27 March 2012).
2336:Fact sheet: Extraordinary rendition
1010:political communication researcher
976:American public by the late 2000s.
944:and as a pretext to declare war on
609:United States Department of Defense
486:and states that it is triggered by
478:professor and political scientist,
332:European Convention on Human Rights
291:NSA electronic surveillance program
5135:Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir
5032:Anti-war protests in Russia (2014)
4320:Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp
2722:. 19 February 2019. Archived from
2618:Abbas, Tahir (24 September 2021).
2287:from the original on July 23, 2016
2179:Caliphate (New York Times podcast)
1799:"UK airspace 'used for rendition'"
1747:"Profile: Jean Charles de Menezes"
1720:"Lords back down on glorification"
1695:"Falconer defends new protest law"
1603:Haas, Richard N. (May–June 2013).
1569:Haas, Richard N. (May–June 2013).
971:, noted that and according to the
355:As a war against Islam and Muslims
189:realization of the war on terror.
25:
4627:International Day of Non-Violence
4285:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions
4090:Enhanced interrogation techniques
3886:Georgia Sustainment and Stability
3774:al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
3168:Cooper, Stephen D. (2006-06-12).
2669:Zaheer, Mohammad (21 June 2019).
2118:The seeds of Iraq's future terror
2079:Mazzetti M (September 24, 2006).
1375:The seeds of Iraq's future terror
1195:Bagram torture and prisoner abuse
770:Geneva Declaration of Secretariat
5037:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
4204:
4195:
4194:
4065:Combatant Status Review Tribunal
4014:President's Surveillance Program
4009:Military Commissions Act of 2009
4004:Military Commissions Act of 2006
3957:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
3932:Moro conflict in the Philippines
3927:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
3483:The Fallacy of the War on Terror
3077:Wisniewski, Mary (21 May 2012).
2477:Paust, Jordan J. (20 May 2005).
1775:"Brothers looking for 'justice'"
1667:Winterman, Denise (2004-10-06).
1605:"The Irony of American Strategy"
1571:"The Irony of American Strategy"
742:The U.S. practice of conducting
647:United States Secretary of State
299:, critics have claimed that the
4410:Social Democratic Party (Japan)
3881:Georgia Train and Equip Program
2917:Smolenova, Ivana (2015-12-20).
2737:Neiwert, David (22 June 2017).
2213:The Christian Science Monitor.
1862:" has been heavily criticized.
1852:Bush says it is time for action
1317:Singel, Ryan (March 13, 2008).
1112:Director of Public Prosecutions
959:Opposition in the United States
775:Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
206:United Nations Security Council
5194:Criticism of the United States
5179:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
4330:List of pacifist organisations
4070:Criticism of the war on terror
4024:Terrorist Surveillance Program
3829:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
3582:War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)
3271:Miliband, David (2009-01-15).
3118:Kuypers, Jim A. (2006-10-28).
2692:Chalabi, Mona (20 July 2018).
2585:Said, Edward W. (1998-01-02).
2539:Berger, Miriam (15 May 2023).
2340:American Civil Liberties Union
2137:Kerry Is Widely Favored Abroad
1486:'War on Terror,' Rest In Peace
1409:Lustick, Ian S. (2006-09-01).
1343:Richissin, Todd (2004-09-02).
1262:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
1215:Guantanamo Bay detainment camp
578:, formerly President Reagan's
509:National Intelligence Estimate
482:has written extensive work on
379:United States Attorney General
273:. Jabar was in Abu Ghraib for
84:. With a military presence in
31:Criticism of the war on terror
18:Criticisms of War on Terrorism
1:
4105:Guantanamo Bay detention camp
3748:Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq
3239:Berger, Julian (2009-01-15).
3147:. Ecco Press/ HarperCollins.
3062:. 16 May 2012. Archived from
2778:10.1080/07418825.2018.1524507
2637:10.1080/17539153.2021.1980182
2624:Critical Studies on Terrorism
2462:. 3 July 2023. Archived from
2417:. 4 July 2023. Archived from
2245:Smith, Jeffrey (2007-04-06).
2161:The Christian Science Monitor
1773:Summers, Chris (2006-06-13).
797:This line of argument echoes
702:Further, a public enquiry in
252:War on terror seen as pretext
5184:Criticism of neoconservatism
4736:World Peace Bell Association
4637:Dialogue Among Civilizations
4340:New Socialist Party of Japan
4325:Iraq War resisters in Canada
4290:Coalition of Women for Peace
4080:Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri
3972:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
3411:International Herald Tribune
3007:. 2005-11-10. Archived from
2835:Obrtel, Marek (2014-12-22).
2587:"Islam Through Western Eyes"
2432:Sabbagh, Dan (2 July 2023).
2144:, p. A14, 29 September 2004.
1899:Writing the War on Terrorism
1827:Writing the War on Terrorism
1645:. 2006-07-19. Archived from
1412:Trapped in the War on Terror
1246:Standard Operating Procedure
1057:Trapped in the War on Terror
831:stereotypes in the society.
786:Religionism and Islamophobia
236:Council on Foreign Relations
166:State of The Union address.
4904:The whole world is watching
4672:Peace & Love (festival)
4622:Imagine Piano Peace Project
4148:State Sponsors of Terrorism
4019:Protect America Act of 2007
3515:Strategic Studies Institute
3273:"'War on Terror' was wrong"
3143:Atran, Scott (2010-10-19).
2898:. No. 25 December 2014
2068:It's the Occupation, Stupid
1128:7 July 2005 London bombings
1001:War on terror and the media
710:units were involved in the
601:Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda
287:Protect America Act of 2007
5215:
5027:2011 intervention in Libya
4647:List of places named Peace
4632:International Day of Peace
4350:Peace and conflict studies
4270:Anti-nuclear organizations
4085:Killing of Osama bin Laden
3962:War in Somalia (2006–2009)
3917:Operation Active Endeavour
2822:December 28, 2008, at the
2342:. Retrieved 29 March 2007
1922:Dam, Marcus (2007-12-17).
1230:Opposition to the Iraq War
998:
927:Army of the Czech Republic
628:
618:
358:
280:
185:. This can be viewed as a
5169:Reactions to the Iraq War
5143:
4662:Nobel Peace Prize Concert
4657:Mother's Day Proclamation
4607:Dances of Universal Peace
4420:The Women's Peace Crusade
4190:
3952:Terrorism in Saudi Arabia
3901:Drone strikes in Pakistan
3794:Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
3572:
3488:Universal Press Syndicate
3350:Against the War on Terror
3201:, January 24, 2007, p.12.
2890:stas (25 December 2014).
2224:Retrieved August 5, 2006.
1897:Jackson, Richard (2005).
1825:Jackson, Richard (2005).
1116:Crown Prosecution Service
935:Czech Minister of Defense
693:Reporters Without Borders
216:, therefore committing a
200:and the authority of the
4923:Violence begets violence
4856:Non-aggression principle
4726:The Non-Violence Project
4706:Promoting Enduring Peace
4689:Promoting Enduring Peace
4345:Pacifist Socialist Party
4172:Unitary executive theory
3337:Wisdom, not intelligence
2720:Georgia State University
2199:: CS1 maint: location (
2038:Osgoode Hall Law Journal
2005:Osgoode Hall Law Journal
1924:"Ramsey Clark Interview"
1511:. I.B. Tauris. pp.
967:, while speaking to the
548:U.S. Department of State
257:Domestic civil liberties
220:, which is considered a
5017:Military action in Iran
4652:Monuments and memorials
4602:Concert Yutel for Peace
4405:React, Include, Recycle
4335:List of peace activists
4300:Conscientious objectors
4100:Extraordinary rendition
4095:Extrajudicial prisoners
2377:Resolution 1507 (2006).
2358:. U.S. State Department
2175:"Prologue: The Mission"
2051:10.60082/2817-5069.1344
2032:Anghie, Antony (2005).
2018:10.60082/2817-5069.1344
1999:Anghie, Antony (2005).
1875:Taylor, Susan Martin. "
1472:The Wall Street Journal
1132:criminal justice system
727:which are war crimes."
621:Extraordinary rendition
588:using terrorist tactics
328:extraordinary rendition
309:Jean Charles de Menezes
68:Other critics, such as
4938:Opposition to specific
4893:Swords to ploughshares
4887:Soldiers are murderers
4280:Anti-war organizations
4135:Operation Eagle Assist
4055:Clash of Civilizations
3602:Symbolism of terrorism
3005:Maxwell Air Force Base
2382:June 12, 2010, at the
1153:
995:Role of American media
738:Extrajudicial killings
730:U.S. Attorney General
716:British special forces
683:Cover-up of war crimes
656:
592:
465:
450:
419:
403:
390:21st Century CrUSAders
278:
161:Former U.S. President
154:
33:addresses the morals,
4940:wars or their aspects
4861:Nonviolent resistance
4711:Show of Peace Concert
4476:Anti-nuclear movement
4130:Operation Noble Eagle
3967:2007 Lebanon conflict
2977:ČT24 - Česká televize
2572:10.3366/hls.2011.0005
2494:: 811. Archived from
1559:, September 25, 2006.
1503:Burke, Jason (2003).
1185:2003 Invasion of Iraq
1140:
991:wars of aggression.
651:
584:
582:Director, who wrote:
476:University of Chicago
437:
417:
398:
271:torture at Abu Ghraib
264:
145:
141:war against terrorism
5022:Sri Lankan Civil War
4916:Turn the other cheek
4731:University for Peace
4642:List of peace prizes
3947:Operation Linda Nchi
3891:OEF – Horn of Africa
3804:Islamic Courts Union
3753:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
3577:September 11 attacks
3527:Human Rights First;
3497:, Birkhäuser; 2006,
3477:, 11 September 2003.
3426:, 25 September 2004.
3367:, 21 September 2004.
3221:(October 18). London
3003:. Air War College -
2704:on 16 December 2018.
2501:on 21 September 2006
2273:(17 February 2009).
2134:Richburg, Keith B. "
2115:Williams, Shirley. "
2054:– via Osgoode.
2021:– via Osgoode.
1884:St. Petersburg Times
1460:A Self-Defeating War
1295:"A Wilful Blindness"
942:American imperialism
849:far-right extremists
819:" and the spread of
765:Costs of War Project
722:Status of combatants
607:and by declassified
572:Luis Posada Carriles
488:military occupations
324:Sir Menzies Campbell
313:Mohammed Abdul Kahar
214:Nuremberg principles
187:conventional warfare
53:, and infringe upon
5064:Nuclear disarmament
5047:in Russian Far East
4804:Department of Peace
4789:Counter-recruitment
4784:Conflict resolution
4774:Central Park be-ins
4762:Slogans and tactics
4741:Japanese Peace Bell
4531:Non-interventionism
4526:Modern-war pacifism
4464:Christian anarchism
3490:, 12 December 2003.
3416:Youssef, Nancy A. "
3376:Raimondo, Justin. "
3172:. Marquette Books.
3044:on 19 October 2015.
2841:parlamentnilisty.cz
2545:The Washington Post
2399:. 13 February 2002.
2142:The Washington Post
1635:"Beneath the Hoods"
1491:Rockridge Institute
1372:Williams, Shirley."
1355:on January 14, 2009
1042:The Washington Post
973:Pew Research Center
897:Pew Research Center
857:far-right terrorism
809:Assistant Professor
753:civilian casualties
517:structural violence
234:, president of the
204:, particularly the
115:Rockridge Institute
5189:Criticisms of wars
4958:American Civil War
4850:Make love, not war
4824:Economic sanctions
4779:Civil disobedience
4612:Festival for Peace
4585:Media and cultural
4571:Testimony of peace
4491:Christian pacifism
4177:Unlawful combatant
4110:Iranian Revolution
3896:OEF – Trans Sahara
3871:War in Afghanistan
3728:Jalaluddin Haqqani
3723:Sirajuddin Haqqani
3649:Iraqi Armed Forces
3468:2004-08-03 at the
3424:Detroit Free Press
3386:, 3 February 2003.
3066:on 1 October 2022.
2280:The New York Times
2220:2009-01-07 at the
2153:Peterson, Scott. "
2125:, 28 October 2003.
2086:The New York Times
2044:(1/2): 45, 60–61.
1866:, 6 November 2001.
1864:Cable News Network
1857:2005-03-07 at the
1557:Guardian Unlimited
1465:2013-11-23 at the
1382:, 28 October 2003.
1252:Unlawful combatant
1172:War in Afghanistan
1106:British objections
1036:The New York Times
963:American pollster
919:lieutenant colonel
867:Decreasing support
840:Alabama University
825:post 9/11 hysteria
712:summary executions
420:
279:
143:" in this manner:
80:and international
5156:
5155:
5059:Military taxation
4929:War tax resisters
4496:Deterrence theory
4275:Anti-war movement
4218:
4217:
4115:Islamic terrorism
3980:
3979:
3876:OEF – Philippines
3846:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3799:Hizbul Mujahideen
3640:Northern Alliance
3507:Record, Jeffrey.
3403:Warner, Daniel. "
3399:978-1-55365-292-2
3154:978-0-06-134490-9
2971:Hampl, Alexandr.
2951:Political Capital
2871:on 9 January 2015
2766:Justice Quarterly
2726:on 19 March 2019.
2560:Holy Land Studies
1522:978-1-85043-396-5
1483:Lakoff, George. "
1349:The Baltimore Sun
1267:War against Islam
938:Martin StropnickĂ˝
859:, while focusing
813:Leiden University
660:Council of Europe
595:False information
544:Mojahedin-e-Khalq
484:suicide terrorism
433:International law
427:Professor of Law
361:War against Islam
218:war of aggression
198:international law
121:on terror, since
16:(Redirected from
5206:
5199:Counterterrorism
4983:list of protests
4844:Lesson of Munich
4799:Demilitarisation
4677:Peace journalism
4471:Anti-imperialism
4454:Anarcho-pacifism
4390:Peace psychology
4370:Peace conference
4365:Peace commission
4310:Culture of Peace
4245:
4238:
4231:
4222:
4208:
4207:
4198:
4197:
4153:Targeted killing
3942:Iraqi insurgency
3862:Enduring Freedom
3855:
3814:Jemaah Islamiyah
3809:Jaish-e-Mohammed
3698:
3615:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3536:
3517:, December 2003.
3512:
3485:
3472:
3453:
3444:
3421:
3408:
3381:
3362:
3353:
3339:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3254:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3208:
3202:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3102:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3040:. Archived from
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:on July 24, 2006
3013:
3002:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2953:. pp. 32–34
2948:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2832:
2826:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2801:
2793:
2788:. Archived from
2757:
2751:
2750:
2749:on 24 July 2019.
2745:. Archived from
2734:
2728:
2727:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2700:. Archived from
2689:
2683:
2682:
2681:on 6 April 2023.
2677:. Archived from
2666:
2660:
2659:
2649:
2639:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2500:
2483:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2440:. Archived from
2429:
2423:
2422:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2387:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2333:
2327:
2316:
2310:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2242:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2198:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2076:
2070:
2065:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1972:
1966:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1932:. Archived from
1919:
1913:
1912:
1894:
1888:
1880:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1549:Glaister, Dan. "
1547:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1500:
1494:
1493:, February 2006.
1488:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1457:Soros, George. "
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1406:
1397:
1392:
1383:
1377:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1351:. Archived from
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1314:
1308:
1288:
1156:Stella Rimington
1114:and head of the
801:’s famous piece
779:Syrian civil war
744:targeted killing
732:Alberto Gonzales
664:June 2006 report
643:Condoleezza Rice
615:Torture by proxy
528:Shirley Williams
524:Liberal Democrat
498:Cutting the Fuse
471:
453:Aiding terrorism
320:Liberal Democrat
232:Richard N. Haass
94:Shirley Williams
70:Francis Fukuyama
21:
5214:
5213:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5159:
5158:
5157:
5152:
5139:
5068:
5012:Afghanistan War
4963:Second Boer War
4939:
4933:
4757:
4580:
4434:
4380:Peace education
4263:Peace advocates
4258:
4249:
4219:
4214:
4186:
4075:CIA black sites
4028:
3976:
3905:
3860:
3838:
3819:Lashkar-e-Taiba
3757:
3718:Anwar al-Awlaki
3713:Hamza bin Laden
3708:Osama bin Laden
3689:
3606:
3568:
3563:
3533:
3508:
3481:
3475:The Independent
3470:Wayback Machine
3461:
3449:
3440:
3417:
3413:, 28 June 2002.
3404:
3389:Taylor, Scott.
3377:
3358:
3347:
3344:, January 2008.
3335:
3330:
3328:Further reading
3325:
3316:
3314:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3284:
3282:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3252:
3250:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3224:
3222:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3191:
3187:
3180:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3155:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3130:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3095:
3088:
3086:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2982:
2980:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2956:
2954:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2927:
2925:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2845:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2824:Wayback Machine
2815:
2811:
2794:
2772:(6): 985–1022.
2759:
2758:
2754:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2603:
2601:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2466:on 6 July 2023.
2454:
2453:
2449:
2444:on 6 July 2023.
2431:
2430:
2426:
2421:on 6 July 2023.
2409:
2408:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2384:Wayback Machine
2375:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2334:
2330:
2324:Huffington Post
2317:
2313:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2255:
2253:
2251:Washington Post
2244:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2228:
2222:Wayback Machine
2212:
2208:
2191:
2184:
2182:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2163:, 29 July 2004.
2154:
2152:
2148:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2031:
2030:
2026:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1984:
1982:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1952:
1948:
1939:
1937:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1859:Wayback Machine
1850:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1783:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1758:
1756:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1731:
1729:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1704:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1679:
1677:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1652:
1650:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1609:Foreign Affairs
1602:
1601:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1575:Foreign Affairs
1568:
1567:
1563:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1467:Wayback Machine
1458:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1358:
1356:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1272:Anwar al-Awlaki
1257:USA PATRIOT Act
1180:
1108:
1003:
997:
961:
923:military doctor
869:
788:
761:
740:
724:
697:Donald Rumsfeld
685:
633:
627:
619:Main articles:
617:
605:9/11 Commission
597:
568:
473:
467:
455:
425:
412:
363:
357:
344:
293:
283:USA PATRIOT Act
259:
254:
175:
159:
103:
51:civil liberties
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5212:
5210:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5161:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5125:United Kingdom
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4992:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4943:
4941:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4907:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4748:Women in Black
4745:
4744:
4743:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4511:Green politics
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4481:Antimilitarism
4478:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4448:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4385:Peace movement
4382:
4377:
4375:Peace congress
4372:
4367:
4362:
4360:Peace churches
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4315:ECOPEACE Party
4312:
4307:
4305:Counterculture
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4256:peace movement
4250:
4248:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4225:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4202:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4141:Situation Room
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3867:
3865:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3738:Khalil Haqqani
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3704:
3702:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3675:European Union
3672:
3667:
3665:United Kingdom
3662:
3657:
3652:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3589:
3579:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3539:
3532:
3531:
3525:
3520:Khan, L. Ali.
3518:
3505:
3491:
3478:
3455:
3446:
3437:
3427:
3414:
3401:
3387:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3355:
3345:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3296:
3263:
3231:
3203:
3185:
3178:
3160:
3153:
3135:
3128:
3110:
3069:
3047:
3024:
2989:
2963:
2934:
2909:
2882:
2852:
2827:
2809:
2752:
2729:
2707:
2684:
2661:
2630:(4): 402–404.
2610:
2577:
2550:
2531:
2522:"Parsing Pain"
2512:
2469:
2447:
2424:
2402:
2388:
2369:
2347:
2328:
2311:
2298:
2271:Charlie Savage
2262:
2237:
2226:
2206:
2165:
2146:
2127:
2108:
2099:
2071:
2057:
2024:
2011:(1/2): 45–66.
1991:
1980:NYU Law Review
1967:
1963:Green 72 Media
1946:
1914:
1907:
1889:
1868:
1842:
1835:
1817:
1790:
1765:
1738:
1711:
1686:
1659:
1626:
1592:
1561:
1542:
1528:
1521:
1495:
1476:
1474:, August 2006.
1450:
1428:
1421:
1398:
1384:
1365:
1335:
1309:
1291:George Monbiot
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1164:David Miliband
1107:
1104:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1012:Jim A. Kuypers
996:
993:
960:
957:
868:
865:
861:counter-terror
787:
784:
760:
757:
739:
736:
723:
720:
684:
681:
649:) stated that:
616:
613:
596:
593:
567:
564:
560:New York Times
456:
454:
451:
424:
421:
411:
408:
356:
353:
343:
340:
297:United Kingdom
258:
255:
253:
250:
202:United Nations
174:
173:Preventive war
171:
163:George W. Bush
158:
155:
102:
99:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5211:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5142:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5130:United States
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4990:War on Terror
4988:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4946:War of 1812 (
4945:
4944:
4942:
4936:
4930:
4927:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4905:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4876:Peacebuilding
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4814:Draft evasion
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4794:De-escalation
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4766:
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4754:
4751:
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4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4696:Peace One Day
4694:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4675:
4673:
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4668:
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4527:
4524:
4522:
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4509:
4507:
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4502:
4501:Direct action
4499:
4497:
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4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
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4462:
4460:
4459:Anarcho-punks
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4425:War resisters
4423:
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4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
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4401:
4398:
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4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4050:Bush Doctrine
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3998:Torture Memos
3996:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
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3834:Islamic State
3832:
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3807:
3805:
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3699:
3696:
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3670:United States
3668:
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3646:
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3641:
3638:
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3628:
3626:
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3620:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3594:(2003–2011) (
3593:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3566:War on terror
3560:
3555:
3553:
3548:
3546:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3511:
3506:
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3503:3-7643-7598-1
3500:
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3372:
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3361:
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3351:
3346:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3235:
3232:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3181:
3179:0-922993-47-5
3175:
3171:
3164:
3161:
3156:
3150:
3146:
3139:
3136:
3131:
3129:0-7425-3653-X
3125:
3121:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3100:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3070:
3065:
3061:
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3010:
3006:
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2241:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2181:. 3:25 - 3:55
2180:
2176:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2119:
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2072:
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2062:
2058:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2025:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1936:on 2007-12-19
1935:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1918:
1915:
1910:
1908:9780719071218
1904:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1887:, 9 May 2002.
1886:
1885:
1879:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1836:9780719071218
1832:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1780:
1776:
1769:
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1753:
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1742:
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1727:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1663:
1660:
1649:on 2007-01-26
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1597:
1593:
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1473:
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1461:
1454:
1451:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1424:
1422:0-8122-3983-0
1418:
1414:
1413:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1391:
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1385:
1381:
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1300:
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1218:
1216:
1213:
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1208:
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1203:
1201:
1198:
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1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1136:proportionate
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1097:won the 2009
1096:
1095:David Barstow
1089:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1039:, as well as
1038:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1002:
994:
992:
990:
986:
982:
977:
974:
970:
966:
958:
956:
954:
951:
947:
943:
939:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
910:
907:, as well as
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
866:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
845:
844:United States
841:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
805:
800:
795:
793:
785:
783:
780:
776:
771:
766:
758:
756:
754:
749:
745:
737:
735:
733:
728:
721:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
700:
698:
694:
690:
682:
680:
678:
674:
670:
665:
661:
655:
650:
648:
644:
639:
632:
626:
622:
614:
612:
610:
606:
602:
594:
591:
589:
583:
581:
577:
573:
565:
563:
561:
556:
554:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
513:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
494:
489:
485:
481:
477:
472:
470:
464:
462:
452:
449:
447:
446:Bush doctrine
442:
441:War on Terror
436:
434:
430:
429:Antony Anghie
422:
416:
409:
407:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
380:
376:
375:organisations
372:
368:
362:
354:
352:
348:
342:Unilateralism
341:
339:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
292:
288:
284:
276:
272:
268:
263:
256:
251:
249:
246:
241:
237:
233:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
190:
188:
184:
180:
172:
170:
167:
164:
157:Perpetual war
156:
153:
151:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
128:
127:abstract noun
124:
120:
116:
112:
111:George Lakoff
108:
100:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
39:war on terror
36:
32:
19:
4989:
4973:World War II
4829:Flower power
4681:
4521:Isolationism
4395:Peace treaty
4164:
4157:
4140:
4069:
4045:Axis of evil
3861:
3733:Anas Haqqani
3611:Participants
3494:
3458:Fisk, Robert
3433:
3430:Chernus, Ira
3390:
3365:The Guardian
3342:The Guardian
3315:. Retrieved
3313:. 2009-05-07
3308:
3299:
3290:
3283:. Retrieved
3278:The Guardian
3276:
3266:
3258:
3251:. Retrieved
3246:The Guardian
3244:
3234:
3223:. Retrieved
3218:The Guardian
3216:
3206:
3192:
3188:
3169:
3163:
3144:
3138:
3119:
3113:
3087:. Retrieved
3082:
3072:
3064:the original
3059:
3050:
3042:the original
3037:
3027:
3016:. Retrieved
3009:the original
2992:
2981:. Retrieved
2976:
2966:
2955:. Retrieved
2950:
2937:
2926:. Retrieved
2922:
2912:
2900:. Retrieved
2895:
2885:
2873:. Retrieved
2869:the original
2864:
2855:
2844:. Retrieved
2840:
2830:
2812:
2798:cite journal
2790:the original
2769:
2765:
2755:
2747:the original
2742:
2732:
2724:the original
2719:
2710:
2702:the original
2698:The Guardian
2697:
2687:
2679:the original
2674:
2664:
2647:1887/3618299
2627:
2623:
2613:
2602:. Retrieved
2590:
2580:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2544:
2534:
2525:
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2496:the original
2491:
2485:
2472:
2464:the original
2459:
2450:
2442:the original
2437:
2427:
2419:the original
2414:
2405:
2391:
2372:
2360:. Retrieved
2350:
2344:(in English)
2331:
2323:
2314:
2301:
2289:. Retrieved
2278:
2265:
2254:. Retrieved
2250:
2240:
2229:
2209:
2183:. Retrieved
2178:
2168:
2149:
2130:
2123:The Guardian
2111:
2102:
2092:February 12,
2090:. Retrieved
2084:
2074:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1983:. Retrieved
1979:
1970:
1962:
1949:
1938:. Retrieved
1934:the original
1927:
1917:
1898:
1892:
1882:
1871:
1845:
1826:
1820:
1809:. Retrieved
1807:. 2006-03-31
1802:
1793:
1782:. Retrieved
1778:
1768:
1757:. Retrieved
1755:. 2006-07-13
1750:
1741:
1730:. Retrieved
1728:. 2006-03-22
1723:
1714:
1703:. Retrieved
1701:. 2005-12-13
1698:
1689:
1678:. Retrieved
1672:
1662:
1651:. Retrieved
1647:the original
1638:
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1612:
1608:
1583:. Retrieved
1578:
1574:
1564:
1545:
1531:
1508:
1498:
1479:
1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1431:
1411:
1380:The Guardian
1368:
1357:. Retrieved
1353:the original
1348:
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1322:
1312:
1304:The Guardian
1302:
1298:
1286:
1244:
1168:Nigel Lawson
1154:
1148:narcissistic
1141:
1124:Ken McDonald
1109:
1093:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1007:
1004:
978:
965:Andrew Kohut
962:
953:paramilitary
915:Marek Obrtel
913:
870:
833:
829:Islamophobic
821:Islamophobic
803:
796:
792:Islamophobia
789:
762:
748:combat drone
741:
729:
725:
701:
686:
657:
652:
634:
598:
585:
576:William Odom
569:
559:
557:
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4576:World peace
4541:Nonviolence
4506:Finvenkismo
4486:Appeasement
4400:Peaceworker
3992:Patriot Act
3743:Hafiz Saeed
3701:Individuals
3680:Philippines
3635:Afghanistan
3618:Operational
3384:Antiwar.com
2743:Reveal News
2675:BBC Culture
1639:War in Iraq
1443:13 February
1328:13 February
1299:monbiot.com
1200:Black sites
1062:Scott Atran
989:imperialist
981:US military
950:pro-Russian
917:, a former
836:anti-Muslim
804:Orientalism
799:Edward Said
669:black sites
526:politician
507:In 2006, a
480:Robert Pape
469:Robert Pape
423:Imperialism
371:Afghanistan
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265:Picture of
133:Jason Burke
101:Terminology
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5163:Categories
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4871:Peace walk
4683:Peace News
4561:Satyagraha
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4450:Anarchism
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4143:photograph
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3779:Abu Sayyaf
3596:Withdrawal
3586:Withdrawal
3317:2009-05-07
3285:15 January
3253:15 January
3225:2008-10-22
3018:2009-01-28
2983:2023-05-06
2979:(in Czech)
2957:2023-05-06
2928:2023-05-06
2846:2023-05-06
2604:2019-11-06
2591:The Nation
2256:2007-04-06
1985:2021-09-02
1940:2009-01-28
1811:2009-01-28
1784:2009-01-28
1759:2009-01-28
1732:2009-01-28
1705:2009-01-28
1680:2009-01-28
1653:2007-02-12
1359:2009-01-28
1279:References
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645:(then the
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532:ambassador
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3099:cite news
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611:reports.
558:In 2018,
275:car theft
226:precedent
222:war crime
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3762:Factions
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3592:Iraq War
3466:Archived
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3281:. London
3249:. London
3060:NBC News
2923:StopFake
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2865:Stalo-se
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2438:Guardian
2380:Archived
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2185:20 April
1855:Archived
1804:BBC News
1779:BBC News
1752:BBC News
1725:BBC News
1699:BBC News
1674:BBC News
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1509:Al-Qaeda
1463:Archived
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522:British
461:combined
305:Belmarsh
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194:just war
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123:terror
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5110:Spain
5100:Japan
4716:Songs
4701:Plays
4617:Films
4597:Books
4556:Peace
4415:Unity
3910:Other
3038:Wired
3012:(PDF)
3001:(PDF)
2947:(PDF)
2782:S2CID
2652:S2CID
2526:Salon
2499:(PDF)
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2877:2015
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1831:ISBN
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