Knowledge (XXG)

Cromer Forest Bed

Source 📝

116: 874: 927: 275: 293: 716:
Ashton, Nick; Lewis, Simon G.; De Groote, Isabelle; Duffy, Sarah M.; Bates, Martin; Bates, Richard; Hoare, Peter; Lewis, Mark; Parfitt, Simon A.; Peglar, Sylvia; Williams, Craig (7 February 2014). Petraglia, Michael D. (ed.).
416:
and birds. Although most of the forest bed is now obscured by coastal defence, the Cromer Forest-bed Formation continues to be eroded and is rich in fossils including the skeletal remains of the
388:
between 0.8 and 0.5 million years ago. The deposit itself range varies in age from about 0.8 to 0.5 million years ago. It is about 6-to-8-metre (20 to 26 ft) thick and is
597: 656: 380:, estuary and floodplain sediments predominantly silt, sand, and muds as well as peat along the coast of northern Norfolk. It is the type locality for the 968: 911: 857: 1002: 824: 796: 510: 632: 1007: 838: 810: 681:
Stuart, Anthony J.; Lister, Adrian M. (December 2010). "Introduction: The West Runton Freshwater Bed and the West Runton Mammoth".
997: 961: 904: 230: 561:
Lewis, Mark; Pacher, Martina; Turner, Alan (December 2010). "The larger Carnivora of the West Runton Freshwater Bed".
237: 987: 646: 862:, Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. 526:
Lister, Adrian M. (1993). "The stratigraphical significance of deer species in the cromer forest-bed formation".
954: 897: 873: 115: 429: 992: 934: 730: 690: 570: 535: 440:
bones with cut marks were also found in layers considered to belong to this deposit near the town of
132: 417: 627: 389: 332: 121: 622: 834: 820: 806: 792: 766: 748: 506: 938: 881: 756: 738: 698: 578: 543: 453: 381: 734: 694: 574: 539: 761: 718: 981: 142: 67: 29: 483: 651: 169: 743: 702: 582: 412:
mammal remains, containing the diverse remains of numerous taxa, including deer,
458: 441: 393: 385: 336: 173: 42: 926: 87: 52: 845:
Quaternary Glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere, Quaternary Science Reviews
752: 252: 239: 463: 413: 92: 36: 770: 547: 789:
Quaternary geology: a stratigraphic framework for multidisciplinary work.
433: 82: 77: 62: 57: 47: 719:"Hominin Footprints from Early Pleistocene Deposits at Happisburgh, UK" 598:"Birds of the Cromer Forest Bed Series of the East Anglian Pleistocene" 373: 369: 298: 280: 152:
Sheringham Member, Runton Member, West Runton Member, and Bacton Member
97: 72: 880:
This article about a specific United Kingdom geological feature is a
409: 405: 377: 313: 669: 647:"First humans arrived in Britain 250,000 years earlier than thought" 670:
Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (1931)
437: 404:
For over a century this formation, named after the local town of
856:
Gibbard, P.L., S. Boreham, K.M. Cohen and A. Moscariello, 2007,
218: 210: 200: 196: 831:
Quaternary Glaciations: Extent and Chronology 1: Part I Europe
605:
Transactions of the Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists' Society
214: 803:
The pre-glacial Pleistocene of the Norfolk and Suffolk Coasts
942: 885: 120:
Cromer Forest-bed Formation exposed at the base of the
815:
Ehlers, J., P. L. Gibbard, and J. Rose, eds., 1991,
843:Sibrava, V., Bowen, D.Q, and Richmond, G.M., 1986, 350: 342: 327: 319: 309: 304: 286: 268: 229: 224: 206: 192: 187: 179: 164: 156: 148: 138: 128: 23: 623:"Clues of Britain's First Humans (Published 2010)" 791:Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom. 221 pp. 428:The oldest human footprints outside Africa, the 829:Mangerud, J., J. Ehlers, and P. Gibbard, 2004, 962: 905: 817:Glacial deposits in Great Britain and Ireland 8: 859:Global correlation tables for the Quaternary 969: 955: 912: 898: 114: 20: 760: 742: 505:. London: William Collins. p. 314. 408:, has been famous for its assemblage of 16:Geological formation in Norfolk, England 475: 7: 923: 921: 870: 868: 488:The BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units 160:Middle Pleistocene glacial deposits 941:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by 884:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by 659:from the original on 22 June 2023. 14: 635:from the original on 30 May 2023. 925: 872: 331:The coast of North Norfolk from 291: 273: 596:Harrison, C. J. O. (May 1979). 368:, is a geological formation in 183:6-to-8-metre (20 to 26 ft) 420:which was discovered in 1990. 1: 528:Journal of Quaternary Science 484:"Cromer Forest-bed Formation" 1003:United Kingdom geology stubs 805:Cambridge University Press. 744:10.1371/journal.pone.0088329 703:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.07.035 583:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.06.022 490:. British Geological Survey. 400:Paleontology and Paleobotany 819:Balkema, Rotterdam. 580 pp 362:Cromer Forest-bed Formation 32:: Early Middle Pleistocene 24:Cromer Forest-bed Formation 1024: 1008:Paleontological site stubs 920: 867: 168:Wroxham Crag Formation or 847:, vol. 5, pp. 1–514. 364:, sometimes known as the 113: 28: 683:Quaternary International 563:Quaternary International 390:exposed in cliff section 833:, Elsevier, Amsterdam. 655:. London. 7 July 2010. 376:. It consists of river 998:Archaeology of Norfolk 548:10.1002/jqs.3390080202 430:Happisburgh footprints 501:Ashton, Nick (2017). 935:paleontological site 133:Geological formation 787:Bowen, D.Q., 1978, 735:2014PLoSO...988329A 695:2010QuInt.228....1S 575:2010QuInt.228..116L 540:1993JQS.....8...95L 418:West Runton Mammoth 249: /  30:Stratigraphic range 801:West, R.G., 1980, 628:The New York Times 122:West Runton Cliffs 988:Stone Age Britain 950: 949: 893: 892: 825:978-90-6191-875-2 797:978-0-08-020409-3 512:978-0-00-815035-8 392:near the town of 366:Cromer Forest Bed 358: 357: 1015: 971: 964: 957: 929: 922: 914: 907: 900: 876: 869: 775: 774: 764: 746: 713: 707: 706: 678: 672: 667: 661: 660: 643: 637: 636: 619: 613: 612: 602: 593: 587: 586: 569:(1–2): 116–135. 558: 552: 551: 523: 517: 516: 498: 492: 491: 480: 297: 295: 294: 279: 277: 276: 264: 263: 261: 260: 259: 254: 253:52.941°N 1.253°E 250: 247: 246: 245: 242: 118: 109: 39: 21: 1023: 1022: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1014: 1013: 1012: 978: 977: 976: 975: 919: 918: 865: 854: 784: 782:Further reading 779: 778: 715: 714: 710: 680: 679: 675: 668: 664: 645: 644: 640: 621: 620: 616: 600: 595: 594: 590: 560: 559: 555: 525: 524: 520: 513: 500: 499: 495: 482: 481: 477: 472: 454:Cromerian Stage 450: 426: 402: 382:Cromerian Stage 292: 290: 274: 272: 257: 255: 251: 248: 243: 240: 238: 236: 235: 124: 108: 107: 106: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 45: 34: 33: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1021: 1019: 1011: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 980: 979: 974: 973: 966: 959: 951: 948: 947: 930: 917: 916: 909: 902: 894: 891: 890: 877: 853: 852:External links 850: 849: 848: 841: 827: 813: 799: 783: 780: 777: 776: 708: 673: 662: 638: 614: 588: 553: 518: 511: 493: 474: 473: 471: 468: 467: 466: 461: 456: 449: 446: 425: 422: 401: 398: 356: 355: 352: 348: 347: 344: 340: 339: 329: 325: 324: 321: 317: 316: 311: 307: 306: 302: 301: 288: 284: 283: 270: 266: 265: 233: 227: 226: 222: 221: 208: 204: 203: 194: 190: 189: 185: 184: 181: 177: 176: 166: 162: 161: 158: 154: 153: 150: 146: 145: 140: 136: 135: 130: 126: 125: 119: 111: 110: 103: 102: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 46: 41: 40: 26: 25: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1020: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 985: 983: 972: 967: 965: 960: 958: 953: 952: 946: 944: 940: 937:article is a 936: 931: 928: 924: 915: 910: 908: 903: 901: 896: 895: 889: 887: 883: 878: 875: 871: 866: 863: 861: 860: 851: 846: 842: 840: 839:0-444-51462-7 836: 832: 828: 826: 822: 818: 814: 812: 811:0-521-21962-0 808: 804: 800: 798: 794: 790: 786: 785: 781: 772: 768: 763: 758: 754: 750: 745: 740: 736: 732: 729:(2): e88329. 728: 724: 720: 712: 709: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 677: 674: 671: 666: 663: 658: 654: 653: 648: 642: 639: 634: 630: 629: 624: 618: 615: 610: 606: 599: 592: 589: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 557: 554: 549: 545: 541: 537: 534:(2): 95–108. 533: 529: 522: 519: 514: 508: 504: 497: 494: 489: 485: 479: 476: 469: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 451: 447: 445: 443: 439: 435: 431: 423: 421: 419: 415: 411: 407: 399: 397: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 353: 349: 345: 341: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 315: 312: 308: 303: 300: 289: 285: 282: 271: 267: 262: 258:52.941; 1.253 234: 232: 228: 223: 220: 216: 212: 209: 205: 202: 198: 195: 191: 186: 182: 178: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 144: 143:Dunwich Group 141: 137: 134: 131: 127: 123: 117: 112: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 44: 38: 35:0.8–0.5  31: 27: 22: 19: 943:expanding it 932: 886:expanding it 879: 864: 858: 855: 844: 830: 816: 802: 788: 726: 722: 711: 689:(1–2): 1–7. 686: 682: 676: 665: 652:The Guardian 650: 641: 626: 617: 608: 604: 591: 566: 562: 556: 531: 527: 521: 503:Early Humans 502: 496: 487: 478: 427: 403: 365: 361: 359: 343:Year defined 323:Clement Reid 305:Type section 170:unconformity 18: 993:Pleistocene 459:Happisburgh 442:Happisburgh 432:as well as 424:Archaeology 414:carnivorans 394:West Runton 386:Pleistocene 337:Happisburgh 256: / 231:Coordinates 174:Chalk Group 982:Categories 611:: 277–287. 470:References 241:52°56′28″N 753:1932-6203 464:Pakefield 333:Weybourne 310:Named for 244:1°15′11″E 188:Lithology 180:Thickness 157:Underlies 149:Sub-units 771:24516637 723:PLOS One 657:Archived 633:Archived 448:See also 434:handaxes 328:Location 320:Named by 225:Location 217:, silty 165:Overlies 762:3917592 731:Bibcode 691:Bibcode 571:Bibcode 536:Bibcode 384:of the 378:gravels 374:England 370:Norfolk 354:England 351:Country 299:England 287:Country 281:Norfolk 193:Primary 139:Unit of 104:↓ 837:  823:  809:  795:  769:  759:  751:  509:  410:fossil 406:Cromer 314:Cromer 296:  278:  269:Region 933:This 601:(PDF) 438:bison 207:Other 201:silts 197:sands 172:with 939:stub 882:stub 835:ISBN 821:ISBN 807:ISBN 793:ISBN 767:PMID 749:ISSN 507:ISBN 436:and 360:The 346:1882 219:marl 211:peat 199:and 129:Type 43:PreꞒ 757:PMC 739:doi 699:doi 687:228 579:doi 567:228 544:doi 335:to 215:mud 984:: 765:. 755:. 747:. 737:. 725:. 721:. 697:. 685:. 649:. 631:. 625:. 609:24 607:. 603:. 577:. 565:. 542:. 530:. 486:. 444:. 396:. 372:, 213:, 93:Pg 37:Ma 970:e 963:t 956:v 945:. 913:e 906:t 899:v 888:. 773:. 741:: 733:: 727:9 705:. 701:: 693:: 585:. 581:: 573:: 550:. 546:: 538:: 532:8 515:. 98:N 88:K 83:J 78:T 73:P 68:C 63:D 58:S 53:O 48:Ꞓ

Index

Stratigraphic range
Ma
PreꞒ

O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N

West Runton Cliffs
Geological formation
Dunwich Group
unconformity
Chalk Group
sands
silts
peat
mud
marl
Coordinates
52°56′28″N 1°15′11″E / 52.941°N 1.253°E / 52.941; 1.253
Norfolk
England
Cromer

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.