3906:, which in the state empowered private parties to carry out activities thought to serve the public interest. The standard reward for such an undertaking was a monopoly—just what Chancellor Livingston sought when he offered to meet a most pressing public need, the need for steamboats...Livingston maneuvered...the monopoly through the legislature ("a veritable model of state munificence," as legal scholar Maurice G. Baxter writes—that gave him the right to seize steamboats the entered New York waters from other states. But Livingston had overreached. With so many inventors and investors interested in the steamboat, the monopoly on served to limit its adoption. The new technology was simply too important for the monopoly to remain unchallenged.
4316:
the problems according to IMF and US Treasury
Department officials. The fact that the afflicted economies had been held up as paragons of virtue and IMF/World Bank success stories only a year before, the fact that neoliberalism's only success story had been the Newly Industrialized Countries (NIC's) who were now in the tank, and the fact that the IMF and Treasury department story just didn't fit the facts since the afflicted economies were no more rife with crony capitalism, lack of transparency, and weak-willed politicians than dozens of other economies untouched by the Asian financial crisis, simply did not matter.
2303:
2340:
impede practically all business activity, but in practice they are only erratically enforced. The specter of having such laws suddenly brought down upon a business provides an incentive to stay in the good graces of political officials. Troublesome rivals who have overstepped their bounds can have these laws suddenly enforced against them, leading to fines or even jail time. Even in high-income democracies with well-established legal systems and freedom of the press in place, a larger state is generally associated with increased political corruption.
2474:
2335:, but often the process is more subtle, such as expanding training and certification exams to make it more expensive for new entrants to enter a market and thereby limiting potential competition. In technological fields, there may evolve a system whereby new entrants may be accused of infringing on patents that the established competitors never assert against each other. In spite of this, some competitors may succeed when the legal
181:
2638:
threats to those who improved and applied existing inventions, whether from business competitors, labor, or the government itself. In other
European countries, by contrast, the merchant guilds ... were a pervasive source of veto for many centuries. This power was typically bestowed upon them by government." Vermon further stated that "a steam powered horseless carriage produced in France in 1769 was officially suppressed."
1205:
79:
2497:. However, the members of an industry have a very strong interest in the actions of that regulatory body while the rest of the citizenry are only lightly affected. As a result, it is not uncommon for current industry players to gain control of the watchdog and to use it against competitors. This typically takes the form of making it very expensive for a new entrant to enter the market. An
1217:
2680:
38:
2331:) to the government in requesting subsidies or aid or regulation. For instance, newcomers to a market then need to surmount significant barriers to entry in seeking loans, acquiring shelf space, or receiving official sanction. Some such systems are very formalized, such as sports leagues and the Medallion System of the
2623:. As government and business leaders try to accomplish various things, they naturally turn to other powerful people for support in their endeavors. These people form hubs in the network. In a developing country those hubs may be very few, thus concentrating economic and political power in a small interlocking group.
4315:
IMF officials Michel
Camdessus and Stanley Fischer were quick to explain that the afflicted economies had only themselves to blame. Crony capitalism, lack of transparency, accounting procedures not up to international standards, and weak-kneed politicians too quick to spend and too afraid to tax were
3969:
A national treasure, once No. 1 in commercial aviation, Boeing has become a risk-averse company stumbling to compete in the marketplace and dependent on political connections and chicanery to get government contracts. Boeing needs a strong board and a rejuvenated corporate culture based on innovation
2714:
While the problem is generally accepted across the political spectrum, ideology shades the view of the problem's causes and therefore its solutions. Political views mostly fall into two camps which might be called the socialist and capitalist critique. The socialist position is that crony capitalism
2339:
are light. The term crony capitalism is generally used when these practices either come to dominate the economy as a whole, or come to dominate the most valuable industries in an economy. Intentionally ambiguous laws and regulations are common in such systems. Taken strictly, such laws would greatly
2236:
and innovative practices which seek to reward risk are stifled since the value-added is little by crony businesses, as hardly anything of significant value is created by them, with transactions taking the form of trading. Crony capitalism spills over into the government, the politics, and the media,
2637:
began in Great
Britain because they were the first to successfully limit the power of veto groups (typically cronies of those with power in government) to block innovations, writing: "Unlike most other national environments, the British environment of the early 19th century contained relatively few
2326:
Crony capitalism exists along a continuum. In its lightest form, crony capitalism consists of collusion among market players which is officially tolerated or encouraged by the government. While perhaps lightly competing against each other, they will present a unified front (sometimes called a trade
2488:
More direct government involvement in a specific sector can also lead to specific areas of crony capitalism, even if the economy as a whole may be competitive. This is most common in natural resource sectors through the granting of mining or drilling concessions, but it is also possible through a
2347:
such as
Indonesia, South Korea and Thailand. In these cases, the term was used to point out how family members of the ruling leaders become extremely wealthy with no non-political justification. Southeast Asian nations, such as Hong Kong and Malaysia, still score very poorly in rankings measuring
3343:
a fight over a new competitor to the
District's (often horrible) taxi service offers something I haven't seen in a while. Not routine retail-level corruption, nor skillful top-level favor trading, but instead what appears to be a blatant attempt to legislate favors for one set of interests by
2805:
observed that, in
Vietnam during the 2010s, the primary beneficiaries of cronyism were Communist party officials, noting also the "common practice of employing only party members and their family members and associates to government jobs or to jobs in state-owned enterprises."
2205:, or other undue influence from businesses over the state's deployment of public goods, for example, mining concessions for primary commodities or contracts for public works. In other words, it is used to describe a situation where businesses thrive not as a result of
2436:. It was a private company, but its largest stockholder was the federal government which owned 20%. It was an early bank regulator and grew to be one being the most powerful organizations in the country due largely to being the depository of the government's revenue.
2832:
Even if the initial regulation was well-intentioned (to curb actual abuses) and even if the initial lobbying by corporations was well-intentioned (to reduce illogical regulations), the mixture of business and government stifles competition, a collusive result called
4547:
Which are more likely to be hampered by vigorous regulatory standards: entrenched corporations with their overstaffed legal and accounting departments or small startups trying to get off the ground? Regulation can kill competition—and incumbents like it that
4420:
The truth is that we don't have a free market—government regulation and management are pervasive—so it's misleading to say that "capitalism" caused today's problems. The free market is innocent. But it's fair to say that crony capitalism created the economic
3901:
Property requirements for suffrage under New York's constitution of 1777 hardened the culture of rank into law. Two distinct levels of wealth were required to vote, one for state assembly, and a second and higher level for the state senators and governor...
4386:
some financiers have chosen to live in a government-backed featherbed. Their platform seems to be socialism for tycoons and capitalism for the rest of us...featherbedding by both unions and tycoons...are impediments to a well-functioning market
2841:
distinguishes those that engage in crony capitalism—designated by him political entrepreneurs—from those who compete in the marketplace without special aid from government, whom he calls market entrepreneurs. The market entrepreneurs such as
2801:.. In the capitalist view, cronyism is the result of an excess of interference in the market which inevitably will result in a toxic combination of corporations and government officials running sectors of the economy. For instance, the
4483:
said, is "not the capitalism of free men and free markets." In general, she's right. But...her terminology...is dead wrong. The fact is that there is no such thing as "crony capitalism." In reality, it is corporatism, a modern form of
2747:
has argued that the word crony is superfluous when describing capitalism. Since businesses make money and money leads to political power, business will inevitably use their power to influence governments. Much of the impetus behind
3261:
Focused only on explaining successful outcomes, the conventional model provided no analytic way to explain the 1997 crisis. Countries previously regarded as miracles now were nothing more than havens for crony capitalists (p.
5755:
3781:
3533:
2769:, have criticized the term as an ideologically motivated attempt to cast what is in their view the fundamental problems of capitalism as avoidable irregularities. Socialist economists dismiss the term as an
2548:
from
European governments) has stated Boeing receives similar subsidies which are hidden as inefficient defense contracts. Other American defense companies were put under scrutiny for no-bid contracts for
4020:(also with close GOP ties) also reaped huge contracts. The Department of Defense has been criticized for awarding Iraq reconstruction contracts to Haliburton and Bechtel without competition (Broder 2005)
2626:
Normally, this will be untenable to maintain in business as new entrants will affect the market. However, if business and government are entwined, then the government can maintain the small-hub network.
4148:
2580:, saying. "The politicians created the mortgage giants, which then returned some of the profits to the pols—sometimes directly, as campaign funds; sometimes as "contributions" to favored constituents".
2452:
3390:
2715:
is the inevitable result of any strictly capitalist system and thus broadly democratic government must regulate economic, or wealthy, interests to restrict monopoly. The capitalist position is that
2892:
4488:. Corporatism is based on the notion that industries comprise the economy like body parts comprise the body—they must work in concert with one another, and they must take central direction.
4057:"Like Mr. Ezz in Egypt, he has become a symbol of how economic reforms turned crony socialism into crony capitalism, making the poor poorer and the connected rich fantastically wealthier."
4462:
5877:
4839:
2424:
calculated via how much economic activity occurs in industries prone to cronyism. Its 2014 Crony
Capitalism Index ranking listed Hong Kong, Russia and Malaysia in the top three spots.
4033:
2611:
Corrupt governments may favor one set of business owners who have close ties to the government over others. This may also be done with, religious, or ethnic favoritism. For instance,
2161:
5816:
5674:
5633:
2656:, where crony capitalism creates oligarchies that slow down growth. If the debate during the elections is any pointer, this is a very real concern of the public in India today".
5615:
4264:
4530:
4403:
3541:
3278:
2666:, has disagreed. According to Singh, India's corporate success is not a product of crony capitalism, but because India is no longer under the influence of crony socialism.
2588:
In its worst form, crony capitalism can devolve into simple corruption where any pretense of a free market is dispensed with, bribes to government officials are considered
1435:
3819:
3773:
3591:
3417:"Small is beautiful, at least in high-income democracies: the distribution of policy-making responsibility, electoral accountability, and incentives for rent extraction"
4788:
Singh, Ajit; Zammit, Ann (2006). "Corporate
Governance, Crony Capitalism and Economic Crises: Should the US business model replace the Asian way of 'doing business'?".
2762:
movement should push for their repeal and thus end the influence of the super wealthy in the political process which he considers a manifestation of crony capitalism.
3416:
2540:
and lobbyists in Washington are described by critics as more important than actual competition due to the political and secretive nature of defense contracts. In the
5651:
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191:
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1385:
1247:
2384:, one of China's leading economists and a longtime advocate of its transition to free markets, says that it faces two starkly contrasting futures, namely a
5925:
5760:
5604:
4768:
3728:
2541:
2447:’s separation between commercial banks and investment banks. After this repeal, commercial banks, investment banks and insurance companies combined their
5772:
5668:
2493:
where the government agencies in charge of regulating an industry come to be controlled by that industry. Governments will often establish in good faith
2154:
3000:
2397:
2250:
4199:
5702:
4867:
3946:
3485:
2862:
in railroads were men who used the power of government to succeed. They tried to gain subsidies or in some way use government to stop competitors.
5744:
5609:
4068:
2604:(rule by theft). Kenyan economist David Ndii has repeatedly brought to light how this system has manifested over time, occasioned by the reign of
3511:
4466:
5832:
5749:
3687:
5696:
5638:
5567:
3894:
3254:
2825:", to emphasize that the only way to run a profitable business in such a system is to have help from corrupt government officials. Likewise,
2506:
2147:
1862:
1375:
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3310:
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1807:
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1370:
4272:
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2502:
1380:
742:
243:
225:
162:
96:
65:
51:
4298:
3391:"Frequently Asked Questions about Taxi Medallion Lending and the NCUA's Supervision and Response to the Medallion Market Collapse"
5930:
5920:
5827:
4534:
4501:
4407:
4329:
3274:
2433:
2361:
1977:
1822:
1240:
5940:
2536:
The defense industry in the United States is often described as an example of crony capitalism in an industry. Connections with
2468:
5980:
5627:
2440:
2003:
1445:
143:
5945:
4661:
2444:
2364:, whereby land and other resources were given at throwaway prices in the name of public private partnerships, the more recent
5990:
5714:
5708:
5180:
3617:
2565:
2514:
2131:
1912:
115:
100:
2302:
5995:
5985:
5822:
5720:
5680:
3112:
2464:
1907:
1902:
1721:
1006:
664:
4730:
Hughes, Sallie; Lawson, Chappell H. (2004). "Propaganda and Crony Capitalism: Partisan Bias in Mexican Television News".
5882:
5872:
5766:
5656:
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4581:
The author, Burton Folsom, divides the entrepreneurs into two groups: market entrepreneurs and political entrepreneurs.
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2826:
2558:
2518:
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2407:
throughout their history, including the United Kingdom especially in the 1600s and 1700s, the United States and Japan.
2912:
2887:
2719:
are rare, therefore governmental regulations generally abet established wealthy interests by restricting competition.
2344:
1465:
1233:
752:
689:
622:
600:
4933:
Kahn, J. S.; Formosa, F. (2002). "The Problem of 'Crony Capitalism': Modernity and the Encounter with the Perverse".
3558:
can only boost economies in the short run and at high cost. It breaks down in the long run (Lindsey and Lukas 1998).
4012:), and Boh Brothers Construction of New Orleans—quickly scooped up no-bid ACE contracts to perform the restoration.
3194:
2380:
governments. Similar references to crony capitalism have been made to other countries such as Argentina and Greece.
5577:
4564:
2261:, who introduced it in his 1979 pamphlet "Some are Smarter than Others", which was later published in 1991; former
1761:
1530:
1520:
1061:
577:
3991:
2854:
succeeded by producing a quality product at a competitive price. For example, the political entrepreneurs such as
2758:
argues that "all official economic measures adopted since 1981 ... have devastated the middle class" and that the
2529:, a railroad ally, as its first chairman and a permit system was used to deny access to new entrants and legalize
2473:
129:
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5382:
4237:
3357:
2332:
2126:
2029:
1967:
1731:
1711:
1581:
1535:
1430:
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522:
2735:
often assert that so-called crony capitalism is simply the inevitable result of any strictly capitalist system.
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5145:
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3866:
3736:
2907:
2373:
2019:
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1601:
1591:
1109:
805:
652:
491:
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387:
332:
207:
4174:
3011:
2360:
in Russia. Other states to which the term has been applied include India, in particular the system after the
111:
5216:
4005:
2238:
2121:
2105:
2060:
2044:
1882:
1736:
1726:
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89:
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1952:
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1812:
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5315:
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2634:
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2510:
2100:
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1972:
1932:
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1852:
1842:
1832:
1827:
1817:
1802:
1797:
1792:
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1701:
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1636:
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1515:
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1322:
1134:
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1021:
976:
873:
732:
722:
694:
567:
557:
485:
203:
57:
3034:
Aligica, Paul Dragos; Tarko, Vlad (2014). "Crony Capitalism: Rent Seeking, Institutions and Ideology".
4904:
Rosas, Guillermo (2006). "Bagehot or Bailout? An Analysis of Government Responses to Banking Crises".
3143:, by McCormick, Richard. 1981. The American Historical Review, Vol. 86, No. 2 (Apr. 1981), pp. 247–74.
2642:
began experimenting with steam in 1763, got a patent in 1769 and began commercial production in 1775.
2501:
overturned a New York State-granted monopoly ("a veritable model of state munificence" facilitated by
5270:
5195:
2847:
2838:
2482:
2328:
2194:
2070:
1998:
1993:
1962:
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1937:
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1872:
1847:
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1184:
1139:
1114:
1081:
785:
780:
717:
712:
470:
307:
4648:
3820:"Planet Plutocrat: The countries where politically connected businessmen are most likely to prosper"
2249:
The first extensive use of the term "crony capitalism" came about in the 1980s, to characterize the
5975:
5377:
5138:
2851:
2752:
and in other countries is an attempt to prevent economic power being used to take political power.
2349:
2257:. Early uses of this term to describe the economic practices of the Marcos regime included that of
2182:
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2034:
1957:
1867:
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1706:
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820:
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260:
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Khatri, Naresh; Tsang, Eric W K; Begley, Thomas M (2005). "Cronyism: A cross-cultural analysis".
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2400:(2012–) has seen more than 100,000 high- and low-ranking Chinese officials indicted and jailed.
2283:
It is also used to describe governmental decisions favoring cronies of governmental officials.
2273:, who used the term extensively in his writing and is sometimes credited for having coined it.
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Supporters of capitalism also generally oppose crony capitalism. Further, supporters such as
2513:. Leveraging the Supreme Court's establishment of Congressional supremacy over commerce, the
5970:
5842:
5552:
5523:
5340:
5330:
5310:
5105:
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5032:
5003:
4980:
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4913:
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4851:
4840:"Ownership and Control Structures in Transition to 'Crony' Capitalism: The Case of Bulgaria"
4826:
4797:
4739:
4710:
4681:
4653:
4371:
3442:
3162:
3141:
The Discovery that Business Corrupts Politics: A Reappraisal of the Origins of Progressivism
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863:
840:
669:
572:
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552:
517:
407:
357:
347:
342:
3554:
Japan's dismal performance in the 1990s and the East Asian collapses of 1997 indicate that
2276:
The term crony capitalism made a significant impact in the public as an explanation of the
5799:
5503:
5498:
5175:
4962:
3871:
2732:
2616:
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became examples of crony capitalism as government backing let Fannie and Freddie dominate
2258:
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2206:
1356:
1292:
1221:
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928:
908:
903:
893:
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himself is an Alawite). This can be explained by considering personal relationships as a
4433:
4302:
3919:
5557:
5513:
5430:
4701:
Ip, Po-Keung (2007). "Corporate Social Responsibility and Crony Capitalism in Taiwan".
3243:
2928:
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2814:
2777:
policy and more fundamentally their perception of the weaknesses of market allocation.
2645:
2630:
2620:
2605:
2478:
2385:
2315:
1174:
1159:
1129:
1051:
913:
547:
392:
382:
312:
297:
292:
4149:"Crony capitalism a big threat to countries like India, RBI chief Raghuram Rajan says"
2652:, has said: "One of the greatest dangers to the growth of developing countries is the
2615:
in Syria have a disproportionate share of power in the government and business there (
5964:
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5477:
5420:
5117:
5044:
5015:
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2416:
2307:
1337:
1297:
1164:
1036:
996:
868:
532:
432:
412:
5124:
5081:
4817:
Johnson, Chalmers (1998). "Economic crisis in East Asia: The clash of capitalisms".
4759:
4629:"Domestic Crony Capitalism and International Fickle Capital: Is There a Connection?"
4628:
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5325:
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1026:
953:
737:
512:
422:
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3592:"The countries where politically connected businessmen are most likely to prosper"
2237:
when this nexus distorts the economy and affects society to an extent it corrupts
4888:
5482:
5440:
5435:
5400:
5367:
5250:
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4009:
3358:"'They Were Conned': How Reckless Loans Devastated a Generation of Taxi Drivers"
2917:
2829:
said that mercantilism "is also known as 'crony' or 'noninclusive' capitalism".
2818:
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17:
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3854:
A Capitalism for the People: Recapturing the Lost Genius of American Prosperity
3839:
A Capitalism for the People: Recapturing the Lost Genius of American Prosperity
3245:
Crony Capitalism: Corruption and Development in South Korea and the Philippines
3166:
3084:
27:
Capitalism featuring undue alliances between business interests and politicians
5935:
5450:
5405:
5362:
5161:
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4714:
4672:
Kang, David C. (2003). "Transaction Costs and Crony Capitalism in East Asia".
4136:
4100:. President and Fellows of Harvard College. September 23, 1999. Archived from
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consider it an aberration brought on by governmental favors incompatible with
2774:
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2755:
2639:
2597:
2569:
2396:
had concluded that the latter course had become deeply embedded in China. The
2393:
1327:
1149:
858:
679:
610:
268:
4341:
3454:
3369:
5372:
5300:
5260:
5241:
4985:
4966:
4657:
3555:
2728:
2365:
2353:
2229:
2202:
1204:
1189:
1179:
1124:
948:
883:
727:
475:
282:
5036:
4830:
4265:"The Occupy Wall Street Movement and the Coming Demise of Crony Capitalism"
4069:"How Economic Concentration and Crony Capitalism Led to the Chaos in Chile"
4743:
2739:
described it as a natural consequence of collusion between those managing
2343:
The term crony capitalism was initially applied to states involved in the
1216:
5445:
5415:
5185:
4971:
4967:"American cronyism: How executive networks inflated the corporate bubble"
4268:
3797:"China's Crony Capitalism by Minxin Pei review — the means of corruption"
3431:"'Crony Capitalism' in South Korea, Thailand and Taiwan:Myth and Reality"
2953:
2882:
2612:
2550:
2448:
2404:
2225:
2186:
1347:
1317:
1282:
1016:
923:
377:
287:
4568:
3462:
3430:
3216:
2596:
is common. This is seen in many parts of Africa and is sometimes called
2392:
or crony capitalism. A dozen years later, prominent political scientist
2318:. A group of massive, mostly family-run business conglomerates, called
5756:
Commission for the Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia
5357:
5255:
5073:
4925:
4863:
4751:
4693:
4013:
3049:
2545:
2319:
1277:
317:
5685:
4008:(KBR, a subsidiary of Haliburton, whose former CEO is Vice President
3534:"Crony Capitalism and the East Asian Currency and Financial 'Crises'"
2189:
profit from a close relationship with state power, either through an
1332:
5089:
5088:
Khatri, Naresh (2013). Anatomy of Indian Brand of Crony Capitalism.
4994:
Vaugirard, Victor (2005). "Crony Capitalism and Sovereign Default".
4685:
2633:, specialist in economics and international affairs, wrote that the
2269:
magazine article in 1980, and activist (and later Finance Minister)
3126:
3107:
2451:
efforts. Critics claim this was instrumental in the passage of the
5645:
5305:
2472:
2301:
2198:
402:
2265:
magazine business editor George M. Taber, who used the term in a
5290:
3512:"Monopolies and the constitution: a history of crony capitalism"
5134:
4875:
Enderwick, Peter (2005). "What's Bad About Crony Capitalism?".
2517:
was established in 1887 with the intent of regulating railroad
2453:
Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005
2286:
The term is used largely interchangeably with the related term
3486:"Why Hong Kong's latest No 1 ranking was greeted with silence"
2673:
2377:
174:
72:
31:
5130:
4225:"Black Faces in Limousines:" A Conversation with Noam Chomsky
2201:
capitalism include obtainment of permits, government grants,
5023:
James, Harold (2008). "Family Values or Crony Capitalism?".
3760:
China's Crony Capitalism : The Dynamics of Regime Decay
3645:"Modi's Own Record of 'Raincoat Bathing' Is Worth Recalling"
2348:
this. It was also used in this context as part of a broader
2216:
Wealth is then accumulated not merely by making a profit in
2557:
related contracts purportedly due to having cronies in the
5681:
Special Investigation Service of the Republic of Lithuania
2893:
Economic History of the Philippines under Ferdinand Marcos
4502:"The Real Enemy for Trump Is Mercantilism, Not Globalism"
2403:
Many prosperous nations have also had varying amounts of
5878:
International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities
2209:, but rather collusion between a business class and the
4055:
Syrian Businessman Becomes Magnet for Anger and Dissent
3887:
The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt
2694:
199:
5675:
Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program
5634:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
4597:
Vernon, Raymond (1989), "Technological Development",
4330:"The fatal flaw of neoliberalism: it's bad economics"
4238:"Influence of Big Money | Brennan Center for Justice"
5616:
Anti-corruption and Economic Malpractice Observatory
5896:
5856:
5817:
Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011
5807:
5798:
5591:
5545:
5536:
5491:
5393:
5234:
5225:
5204:
5168:
3275:"Crony capital: How Duterte embraced the oligarchs"
2564:Gerald P. O'Driscoll, former vice president at the
2368:scam and cheap allocation of land and resources to
2290:, although the latter is by definition specific to
103:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4531:"Let's Take the "Crony" Out of "Crony Capitalism""
4404:"Let's Take the "Crony" Out of "Crony Capitalism""
3795:
3300:
3242:
2813:prefers to equate this problem with terms such as
2356:. The term has also been applied to the system of
5125:http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19626/1/WP0802.pdf
5096:Mukherjee, Conan (2019). "On crony capitalism".
3586:
3584:
3153:Mukherjee, Conan (2019). "On crony capitalism".
3071:Mukherjee, Conan (2019). "On crony capitalism".
2499:1824 landmark United States Supreme Court ruling
4175:"No crony capitalism in India – Indian Express"
2991:
2989:
2987:
2985:
5785:Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption
5652:Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption
5583:UNCAC Coalition of Civil Society Organisations
4032:O'Driscoll Jr, Gerald P. (September 9, 2008).
3203:National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
2310:at a breakfast meeting with business magnates
5146:
4790:Corporate Governance: An International Review
4463:"There's No Such Thing as "Crony Capitalism""
3302:"Remove the taint of cronyism in South Korea"
2432:Crony capitalism in finance was found in the
2155:
1241:
188:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
5888:United Nations Convention against Corruption
5868:Inter-American Convention Against Corruption
4200:"Uber Driving Down Price of Taxi Medallions"
2750:campaign finance reform in the United States
1386:United Nations Convention against Corruption
5926:Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity
5761:Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission
5605:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission
3325:"Uber vs. Washington, D.C.: This Is Insane"
2509:) for the then-revolutionary technology of
2495:government agencies to regulate an industry
66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5804:
5773:National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine
5669:Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau
5542:
5231:
5153:
5139:
5131:
3970:and competitiveness, not crony capitalism.
3510:Steven G Calabresi; Larissa Price (2012).
3188:
3186:
3184:
2162:
2148:
1399:
1259:
1248:
1234:
255:
5054:Journal of International Business Studies
4984:
4647:
4227:from Chomsky.info. Retrieved June 5, 2009
3249:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3125:
2398:anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping
2251:Philippine economy under the dictatorship
244:Learn how and when to remove this message
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
163:Learn how and when to remove this message
5703:Independent Corrupt Practices Commission
4362:Nicholas D. Kristof (October 26, 2011).
3856:. New York: Basic Books. pp. 50–52.
3729:"The road ahead for capitalism in China"
3618:"Govt Patronises Crony Capitalism Again"
2241:economic, political, and social ideals.
5745:Sierra Leone Anti-corruption Commission
5610:Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)
4500:de Soto, Hernando (November 27, 2016).
3808:from the original on December 12, 2022.
3784:from the original on December 13, 2017.
3429:Kim, Byung-Kook; Im, Hyug-Baeg (2001).
3313:from the original on December 10, 2022.
2981:
2920:(concept in Indian political-economics)
2191:anti-competitive regulatory environment
2113:
2052:
2011:
1985:
1784:
1573:
1402:
1393:
1355:
1269:
1262:
267:
5833:Freedom of information laws by country
5750:Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau
3217:"Heroes and Martyrs: ONGPIN, Jaime V."
2727:Critics of crony capitalism including
5697:Anti-Corruption Commission of Myanmar
5639:Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
5568:International Anti-Corruption Academy
4906:American Journal of Political Science
4667:from the original on October 9, 2022.
3281:from the original on December 4, 2019
2858:in steamships and the leaders of the
2193:, direct government largesse, and/or
1376:International Anti-Corruption Academy
7:
5916:2012 Indian anti-corruption movement
5911:2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
5692:Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
5622:National Anti-Corruption Observatory
4067:Daniel Matamala (October 22, 2019).
3841:. New York: Basic Books. p. 50.
3643:Khetan, Ashish (February 12, 2017).
3356:Rosenthal, Brian M. (May 19, 2019).
101:adding citations to reliable sources
5838:The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013
5733:National Anticorruption Directorate
5727:Anti-Corruption General Directorate
3955:. December 15, 2003. Archived from
1366:International Anti-Corruption Court
5563:Group of States Against Corruption
4771:. Ajay Shah's Blog. Archived from
4328:Rodrik, Dani (November 14, 2017).
3947:"Pulling Boeing Out of a Tailspin"
2544:, Airbus (which receives outright
2322:, dominates South Korea's economy.
1371:Group of States Against Corruption
25:
5739:Investigative Committee of Russia
5090:https://ssrn.com/abstract=2335201
4769:"Indian capitalism is not doomed"
3688:"The Scourge of Crony Capitalism"
2481:as giant money bags looming over
2185:to describe a situation in which
1381:International Anti-Corruption Day
47:This article has multiple issues.
5931:Russian anti-corruption campaign
5921:Anti-austerity movement in Spain
5828:Foreign Extortion Prevention Act
4918:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00177.x
4802:10.1111/j.1467-8683.2006.00504.x
4767:Shah, Ajay (September 7, 2012).
4263:Batra, Ravi (October 11, 2011).
4034:"Fannie/Freddie Bailout Baloney"
4004:Three companies—the Shaw Group,
3484:Vines, Stephen (April 1, 2014).
2678:
2434:Second Bank of the United States
2420:benchmarks countries based on a
1436:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1215:
1203:
179:
77:
36:
5767:Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera
5628:National Supervisory Commission
4877:Asian Business & Management
3918:Lee, Timothy (August 3, 2006).
3620:. June 19, 2011. Archived from
2821:, considered "a modern form of
2181:, is a pejorative term used in
2177:, sometimes also called simply
88:needs additional citations for
55:or discuss these issues on the
5715:Investigation Task Force Sweep
5709:National Accountability Bureau
5181:Corruption in local government
5169:Corruption in different fields
4856:10.1080/00128775.2002.11041031
4819:Cambridge Journal of Economics
4732:Latin American Research Review
4434:"The Rise Of Crony Capitalism"
4131:Vernon (1989, p. 8); see also
4098:The Harvard University Gazette
3984:"Katrina and Power in America"
3201:. Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo:
2765:Socialist economists, such as
2566:Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
2515:Interstate Commerce Commission
2220:, but through profiteering by
1:
5823:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
5721:Central Anticorruption Bureau
5066:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400171
4364:"Crony Capitalism Comes Home"
3435:Journal of East Asian Studies
3195:"What is 'Crony Capitalism'?"
3113:Supreme Court Economic Review
2465:Lobbying in the United States
1007:Critique of political economy
665:Critique of political economy
5883:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
5873:International asset recovery
5657:Central Vigilance Commission
5212:Corruption Perceptions Index
4889:10.1057/palgrave.abm.9200126
3982:Dreier, Peter (March 2006).
3710:"Keeping an eye on business"
3532:Helen Hughes (Spring 1999).
3415:Hamilton, Alexander (2013).
2903:Government-owned corporation
2873:Actually existing capitalism
2477:"The Bosses of the Senate",
1057:Periodizations of capitalism
5941:2017–2019 Romanian protests
4947:10.1177/0725513602069001004
4565:"Myth of the Robber Barons"
4094:"Raymond Vernon Dies at 85"
3762:. Harvard University Press.
2913:Iron triangle (US politics)
2888:Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos
2689:may have misleading content
2469:Military–industrial complex
2443:in 1999 completely removed
2345:1997 Asian financial crisis
753:Simple commodity production
202:, discuss the issue on the
6012:
5946:2017–2018 Russian protests
5578:Transparency International
5553:Global Financial Integrity
5110:10.1007/s40622-019-00202-z
4844:Eastern European Economics
4703:Journal of Business Ethics
3727:Jinglian, Wu (June 2006).
3167:10.1007/s40622-019-00202-z
3085:10.1007/s40622-019-00202-z
2462:
1062:Perspectives on capitalism
5906:2011 Azerbaijani protests
5383:Offshore financial centre
5186:Interest group corruption
5008:10.1007/s11079-005-5333-0
4715:10.1007/s10551-007-9385-5
4479:This "crony capitalism,"
3670:"Peronism and its perils"
3447:10.1017/S1598240800000230
2809:Conservative commentator
2648:, former governor of the
2542:Airbus-Boeing WTO dispute
2459:In sections of an economy
2333:taxicabs of New York City
5848:Whistleblower protection
5336:Cryptocurrency and crime
4006:Kellogg Brown & Root
3852:Zingales, Luigi (2012).
3837:Zingales, Luigi (2012).
3490:South China Morning Post
2908:Inverted totalitarianism
333:Economic interventionism
5217:Economics of corruption
4986:10.1525/ctx.2003.2.3.34
4658:10.1111/1468-2362.00064
4627:Wei, Shang-Jin (2001).
4506:The Wall Street Journal
3774:"Robber barons, beware"
3241:Kang, David C. (2002).
3106:Rubin, Paul H. (2016).
2584:In developing economies
2306:South Korean President
1288:Economics of corruption
1002:Criticism of capitalism
5981:Management cybernetics
5843:UK Bribery Act of 2010
5599:Oficina AnticorrupciĂłn
5348:Noble cause corruption
5205:Measures of corruption
5037:10.2202/1932-0213.1031
5025:Capitalism and Society
4044:on September 13, 2008.
3952:Bloomberg BusinessWeek
3733:The McKinsey Quarterly
3220:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
3199:Emerging State Project
2860:Union Pacific Railroad
2485:
2441:Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act
2422:crony-capitalism index
2411:Crony capitalism index
2323:
2278:Asian financial crisis
1808:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1032:Exploitation of labour
743:Primitive accumulation
5991:Political terminology
5573:Mo Ibrahim Foundation
5353:Professional courtesy
5316:Honest services fraud
4996:Open Economies Review
4838:Peev, Evgeni (2002).
4744:10.1353/lar.2004.0050
4636:International Finance
4305:on September 10, 2006
4242:www.brennancenter.org
3885:Styles, T.J. (2009).
3804:. November 18, 2016.
3571:"Having it both ways"
3344:hamstringing another.
3001:"A Nation of Takers?"
2650:Reserve Bank of India
2635:Industrial Revolution
2578:mortgage underwriting
2476:
2352:critique of economic
2305:
2197:. Examples given for
1394:Corruption by country
1343:State-corporate crime
1323:Pyrrhic defeat theory
1210:Capitalism portal
1022:Culture of capitalism
977:Capitalist propaganda
733:Industrial Revolution
723:Commercial Revolution
5996:Public choice theory
5986:Political corruption
5537:Institutions dealing
5271:Conflict of interest
5196:Political corruption
4870:on January 28, 2013.
4831:10.1093/cje/22.6.653
4674:Comparative Politics
4571:on November 28, 2011
3920:"Entangling the Web"
3780:. October 24, 2015.
3758:Pei, Minxin (2016).
3309:. February 6, 2018.
2848:Cornelius Vanderbilt
2839:Burton W. Folsom Jr.
2670:Political viewpoints
2600:(rule by wealth) or
2503:Robert R. Livingston
2362:1990s liberalization
2329:industry trade group
1264:Political corruption
1185:Right-libertarianism
1115:Classical liberalism
1082:Venture philanthropy
718:Capitalism and Islam
713:Age of Enlightenment
308:Capital accumulation
208:create a new article
200:improve this article
190:may not represent a
97:improve this article
5378:Offshore investment
4275:on October 13, 2011
3994:on November 9, 2013
3959:on February 5, 2004
3889:. Alfred A. Knopf.
3739:on February 4, 2012
2852:John D. Rockefeller
2781:Capitalist critique
2695:clarify the content
2559:Bush administration
2479:corporate interests
2183:political discourse
1222:Business portal
338:Economic liberalism
328:Competitive markets
5779:Warioba Commission
5717:(Papua New Guinea)
5461:Regulatory capture
5266:Commercial bribery
4775:on August 14, 2013
4438:Hoover Institution
4376:on January 1, 2022
4368:The New York Times
4206:on January 3, 2015
4179:The Indian Express
4153:The Times of India
3988:Occidental College
3925:The New York Times
3875:(January 23, 1889)
3362:The New York Times
3108:"Crony Capitalism"
3050:10.1111/kykl.12048
3015:on January 1, 2022
3006:The New York Times
2999:(March 27, 2014).
2944:Regulatory capture
2898:Government failure
2835:regulatory capture
2795:right-libertarians
2787:classical liberals
2760:Occupy Wall Street
2723:Socialist critique
2717:natural monopolies
2663:The Indian Express
2654:middle income trap
2491:regulatory capture
2486:
2324:
1303:Influence peddling
1270:Forms and concepts
982:Capitalist realism
373:Goods and services
353:Fictitious capital
112:"Crony capitalism"
5958:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5794:
5793:
5532:
5531:
5509:Election security
5456:Political scandal
5191:Police corruption
4599:EDI Seminar Paper
4469:on April 26, 2012
4155:. August 12, 2014
4133:Watt steam engine
3896:978-0-375-41542-5
3826:. March 15, 2014.
3624:on August 8, 2012
3256:978-0-521-00408-4
3193:Hau, Caroline S.
2997:Kristof, Nicholas
2939:Political machine
2712:
2711:
2555:Hurricane Katrina
2489:process known as
2288:corporate welfare
2172:
2171:
2139:
2138:
1446:Equatorial Guinea
1258:
1257:
1077:Spontaneous order
1047:History of theory
690:New institutional
660:Market monetarism
595:Economic theories
428:Supply and demand
363:Free price system
254:
253:
246:
236:
235:
228:
210:, as appropriate.
173:
172:
165:
147:
70:
16:(Redirected from
6003:
5805:
5543:
5524:Vote suppression
5411:Crony capitalism
5341:Hawala and crime
5331:Money laundering
5311:Graft (politics)
5291:Confidence trick
5232:
5226:Forms or aspects
5155:
5148:
5141:
5132:
5121:
5085:
5048:
5019:
4990:
4988:
4963:Davis, Gerald F.
4958:
4929:
4900:
4871:
4866:. Archived from
4834:
4813:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4763:
4726:
4697:
4668:
4666:
4651:
4633:
4615:
4584:
4583:
4578:
4576:
4567:. Archived from
4557:
4551:
4550:
4544:
4542:
4533:. Archived from
4523:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4497:
4491:
4490:
4476:
4474:
4465:. Archived from
4455:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4417:
4415:
4406:. Archived from
4396:
4390:
4389:
4383:
4381:
4375:
4370:. Archived from
4359:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4312:
4310:
4301:. Archived from
4291:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4271:. Archived from
4260:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4234:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4202:. Archived from
4196:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4145:
4139:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4040:. Archived from
4029:
4023:
4022:
4001:
3999:
3990:. Archived from
3979:
3973:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3882:
3876:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3799:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3735:. Archived from
3724:
3718:
3717:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3598:. March 15, 2014
3588:
3579:
3578:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3551:
3549:
3540:. Archived from
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3426:
3420:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3340:
3338:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3304:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3248:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3190:
3179:
3178:
3150:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3014:
3009:. Archived from
2993:
2934:Political family
2827:Hernando de Soto
2773:for failures of
2743:and trade while
2733:anti-capitalists
2707:
2704:
2698:
2682:
2681:
2674:
2660:, columnist for
2527:Thomas M. Cooley
2523:Grover Cleveland
2507:Founding Fathers
2255:Ferdinand Marcos
2245:Historical usage
2234:Entrepreneurship
2175:Crony capitalism
2164:
2157:
2150:
2132:Papua New Guinea
1913:Northern Ireland
1400:
1260:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1220:
1219:
1208:
1207:
1012:Critique of work
987:Capitalist state
670:Critique of work
553:Regulated market
455:Economic systems
408:Private property
358:Financial market
348:Entrepreneurship
343:Economic surplus
256:
249:
242:
231:
224:
220:
217:
211:
183:
182:
175:
168:
161:
157:
154:
148:
146:
105:
81:
73:
62:
40:
39:
32:
21:
18:Crony capitalist
6011:
6010:
6006:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6001:
6000:
5961:
5960:
5959:
5950:
5898:
5892:
5860:
5858:
5852:
5809:
5800:Anti-corruption
5790:
5587:
5539:with corruption
5538:
5528:
5504:Electoral fraud
5499:Ballot stuffing
5487:
5389:
5227:
5221:
5200:
5176:Corporate crime
5164:
5159:
5129:
5095:
5051:
5022:
4993:
4961:
4932:
4903:
4874:
4837:
4816:
4787:
4778:
4776:
4766:
4729:
4709:(1–2): 167–77.
4700:
4686:10.2307/4150189
4671:
4664:
4649:10.1.1.133.3751
4631:
4626:
4622:
4620:Further reading
4613:
4596:
4593:
4588:
4587:
4574:
4572:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4540:
4538:
4537:on May 13, 2012
4525:
4524:
4520:
4510:
4508:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4472:
4470:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4442:
4440:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4413:
4411:
4410:on May 13, 2012
4398:
4397:
4393:
4379:
4377:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4346:
4344:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4308:
4306:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4278:
4276:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4247:
4245:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4223:
4219:
4209:
4207:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4183:
4181:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4158:
4156:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4130:
4126:
4121:
4117:
4107:
4105:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4077:
4075:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4053:
4049:
4031:
4030:
4026:
3997:
3995:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3962:
3960:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3930:
3928:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3897:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3865:
3861:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3802:Financial Times
3794:
3793:
3789:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3742:
3740:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3716:. May 27, 2004.
3708:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3691:
3690:. June 20, 2012
3686:
3685:
3681:
3676:. June 3, 2004.
3668:
3667:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3627:
3625:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3601:
3599:
3590:
3589:
3582:
3577:. May 20, 2004.
3569:
3568:
3564:
3547:
3545:
3544:on May 15, 2013
3531:
3530:
3526:
3516:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3494:
3492:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3414:
3410:
3400:
3398:
3397:. June 18, 2020
3389:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3336:
3334:
3333:. July 10, 2012
3323:
3322:
3318:
3307:Financial Times
3299:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3257:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3192:
3191:
3182:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3139:
3135:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3018:
3016:
2995:
2994:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2964:Supercapitalism
2868:
2803:Financial Times
2783:
2725:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2692:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2617:President Assad
2586:
2471:
2461:
2430:
2413:
2327:association or
2300:
2259:Ricardo Manapat
2247:
2211:political class
2207:free enterprise
2168:
2012:Central America
1908:North Macedonia
1357:Anti-corruption
1293:Electoral fraud
1254:
1214:
1202:
1195:
1194:
1100:
1092:
1091:
1067:Post-capitalism
972:Anti-capitalism
967:
959:
958:
854:
846:
845:
766:
758:
757:
708:
700:
699:
596:
588:
587:
578:State-sponsored
456:
448:
447:
313:Capital markets
278:
250:
239:
238:
237:
232:
221:
215:
212:
197:
184:
180:
169:
158:
152:
149:
106:
104:
94:
82:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6009:
6007:
5999:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5963:
5962:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5902:
5900:
5894:
5893:
5891:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5864:
5862:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5813:
5811:
5802:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5782:
5776:
5770:
5764:
5758:
5753:
5747:
5742:
5736:
5730:
5724:
5718:
5712:
5706:
5700:
5694:
5689:
5683:
5678:
5672:
5666:
5660:
5654:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5625:
5619:
5613:
5607:
5602:
5595:
5593:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5558:Global Witness
5555:
5549:
5547:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5514:Gerrymandering
5511:
5506:
5501:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5431:Ghost soldiers
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5244:
5238:
5236:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5208:
5206:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5172:
5170:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5135:
5128:
5127:
5122:
5093:
5086:
5049:
5020:
4991:
4959:
4930:
4901:
4872:
4835:
4814:
4785:
4764:
4727:
4698:
4669:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4612:978-0821311622
4611:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4561:Folsom, Burton
4552:
4518:
4492:
4450:
4425:
4391:
4354:
4320:
4299:"Let's Review"
4286:
4255:
4244:. May 14, 2018
4229:
4217:
4191:
4166:
4140:
4124:
4115:
4104:on May 3, 2012
4085:
4059:
4047:
4024:
3974:
3938:
3910:
3895:
3877:
3867:Joseph Keppler
3859:
3844:
3829:
3811:
3787:
3765:
3750:
3719:
3701:
3679:
3661:
3635:
3609:
3580:
3562:
3524:
3502:
3476:
3421:
3408:
3382:
3348:
3316:
3292:
3266:
3255:
3233:
3222:. May 26, 2016
3208:
3180:
3145:
3133:
3127:10.1086/686474
3120:(1): 105–120.
3098:
3063:
3044:(2): 156–176.
3026:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2929:Patrimonialism
2926:
2921:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2878:Corporatocracy
2875:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2856:Edward Collins
2815:corporatocracy
2782:
2779:
2724:
2721:
2710:
2709:
2686:
2684:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2646:Raghuram Rajan
2631:Raymond Vernon
2621:social network
2608:as president.
2606:Uhuru Kenyatta
2585:
2582:
2568:, stated that
2460:
2457:
2445:Glass–Steagall
2429:
2426:
2412:
2409:
2386:market economy
2316:Chung Mong-koo
2299:
2296:
2246:
2243:
2239:public-serving
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1978:United Kingdom
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1823:Czech Republic
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1405:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1212:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1175:Ordoliberalism
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1052:Market economy
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
968:
966:Related topics
965:
964:
961:
960:
957:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
855:
852:
851:
848:
847:
844:
843:
838:
836:State monopoly
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
767:
764:
763:
760:
759:
756:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
709:
706:
705:
702:
701:
698:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
656:
655:
650:
645:
635:
630:
625:
620:
619:
618:
608:
603:
597:
594:
593:
590:
589:
586:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
457:
454:
453:
450:
449:
446:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
393:Liberalization
390:
385:
383:Invisible hand
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
298:Businessperson
295:
293:Business cycle
290:
285:
279:
276:
275:
272:
271:
265:
264:
252:
251:
234:
233:
194:of the subject
192:worldwide view
187:
185:
178:
171:
170:
85:
83:
76:
71:
45:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6008:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5895:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5857:International
5855:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5797:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5763:(South Korea)
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5740:
5737:
5734:
5731:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5676:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5647:
5644:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5590:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5546:International
5544:
5541:
5535:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5490:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5478:State capture
5476:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5421:Elite capture
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5230:
5228:of corruption
5224:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5203:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5156:
5151:
5149:
5144:
5142:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5126:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5094:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4935:Thesis Eleven
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4912:(1): 175–91.
4911:
4907:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4883:(2): 117–32.
4882:
4878:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4825:(6): 653–61.
4824:
4820:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4796:(4): 220–33.
4795:
4791:
4786:
4774:
4770:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4738:(3): 81–105.
4737:
4733:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4680:(4): 439–58.
4679:
4675:
4670:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4630:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4582:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4522:
4519:
4507:
4503:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4487:
4482:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4451:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4422:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4374:
4369:
4365:
4358:
4355:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4259:
4256:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4230:
4226:
4221:
4218:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4180:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4125:
4122:Vernon (1989)
4119:
4116:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4086:
4074:
4073:Promarket.org
4070:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4051:
4048:
4043:
4039:
4038:New York Post
4035:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3905:
3898:
3892:
3888:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3860:
3855:
3848:
3845:
3840:
3833:
3830:
3825:
3824:The Economist
3821:
3815:
3812:
3807:
3803:
3798:
3791:
3788:
3783:
3779:
3778:The Economist
3775:
3769:
3766:
3761:
3754:
3751:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3723:
3720:
3715:
3714:The Economist
3711:
3705:
3702:
3689:
3683:
3680:
3675:
3674:The Economist
3671:
3665:
3662:
3650:
3646:
3639:
3636:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3610:
3597:
3596:The Economist
3593:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3575:The Economist
3572:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3557:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3528:
3525:
3517:September 25,
3513:
3506:
3503:
3491:
3487:
3480:
3477:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3425:
3422:
3419:. World Bank.
3418:
3412:
3409:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3296:
3293:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3237:
3234:
3221:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3137:
3134:
3128:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3102:
3099:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3067:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3030:
3027:
3013:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2975:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2959:State capture
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2844:James J. Hill
2840:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2706:
2696:
2690:
2687:This article
2685:
2676:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2658:Tavleen Singh
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2519:robber barons
2516:
2512:
2508:
2505:, one of the
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2483:U.S. senators
2480:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2435:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2417:The Economist
2410:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2308:Park Geun-hye
2304:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2053:South America
2051:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2004:United States
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1986:North America
1984:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1466:Guinea-Bissau
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1338:State capture
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1298:Elite capture
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1165:Neoliberalism
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1110:Authoritarian
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1037:Globalization
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
997:Crisis theory
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
963:
962:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
853:Intellectuals
850:
849:
842:
841:Technological
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
768:
762:
761:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
704:
703:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
639:
636:
634:
633:Institutional
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
617:
614:
613:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
598:
592:
591:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
493:
492:Laissez-faire
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
466:Authoritarian
464:
462:
459:
458:
452:
451:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
433:Surplus value
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
413:Privatization
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
280:
274:
273:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:
248:
245:
230:
227:
219:
209:
205:
201:
195:
193:
186:
177:
176:
167:
164:
156:
145:
142:
138:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
117:
114: –
113:
109:
108:Find sources:
102:
98:
92:
91:
86:This article
84:
80:
75:
74:
69:
67:
60:
59:
54:
53:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
5688:(Madagascar)
5612:(Bangladesh)
5519:Vote pairing
5471:Rent-setting
5466:Rent-seeking
5426:Failed state
5410:
5326:Match fixing
5296:Embezzlement
5275:Corporation
5247:Black market
5104:(1): 35–39.
5101:
5097:
5060:(1): 61–75.
5057:
5053:
5028:
5024:
4999:
4995:
4979:(3): 34–40.
4976:
4970:
4938:
4934:
4909:
4905:
4880:
4876:
4868:the original
4850:(5): 73–91.
4847:
4843:
4822:
4818:
4793:
4789:
4777:. Retrieved
4773:the original
4735:
4731:
4706:
4702:
4677:
4673:
4639:
4635:
4602:
4598:
4580:
4575:November 28,
4573:. Retrieved
4569:the original
4555:
4546:
4541:November 26,
4539:. Retrieved
4535:the original
4527:John Stossel
4521:
4509:. Retrieved
4505:
4495:
4486:mercantilism
4478:
4473:November 26,
4471:. Retrieved
4467:the original
4453:
4441:. Retrieved
4437:
4428:
4419:
4414:November 26,
4412:. Retrieved
4408:the original
4400:John Stossel
4394:
4385:
4380:November 27,
4378:. Retrieved
4373:the original
4367:
4357:
4345:. Retrieved
4334:The Guardian
4333:
4323:
4314:
4307:. Retrieved
4303:the original
4295:Robin Hahnel
4289:
4277:. Retrieved
4273:the original
4258:
4246:. Retrieved
4241:
4232:
4220:
4208:. Retrieved
4204:the original
4194:
4182:. Retrieved
4178:
4169:
4157:. Retrieved
4152:
4143:
4127:
4118:
4106:. Retrieved
4102:the original
4097:
4088:
4076:. Retrieved
4072:
4062:
4050:
4042:the original
4037:
4027:
4003:
3996:. Retrieved
3992:the original
3977:
3968:
3963:December 13,
3961:. Retrieved
3957:the original
3950:
3941:
3931:December 13,
3929:. Retrieved
3923:
3913:
3904:mercantilism
3900:
3886:
3880:
3870:
3862:
3853:
3847:
3838:
3832:
3823:
3814:
3801:
3790:
3777:
3768:
3759:
3753:
3743:December 13,
3741:. Retrieved
3737:the original
3732:
3722:
3713:
3704:
3692:. Retrieved
3682:
3673:
3664:
3654:February 14,
3652:. Retrieved
3648:
3638:
3626:. Retrieved
3622:the original
3612:
3600:. Retrieved
3595:
3574:
3565:
3553:
3546:. Retrieved
3542:the original
3537:
3527:
3515:. Retrieved
3505:
3493:. Retrieved
3489:
3479:
3438:
3434:
3424:
3411:
3399:. Retrieved
3394:
3385:
3373:. Retrieved
3361:
3351:
3342:
3335:. Retrieved
3330:The Atlantic
3328:
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3269:
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3236:
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3219:
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3158:
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3079:(1): 35–39.
3076:
3072:
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3041:
3035:
3029:
3017:. Retrieved
3012:the original
3004:
2949:Rent-seeking
2924:Mercantilism
2831:
2823:mercantilism
2808:
2802:
2784:
2767:Robin Hahnel
2764:
2754:
2745:Noam Chomsky
2726:
2713:
2700:
2693:Please help
2688:
2661:
2644:
2629:
2625:
2610:
2589:
2587:
2563:
2538:the Pentagon
2535:
2531:price fixing
2521:. President
2487:
2438:
2431:
2415:
2414:
2402:
2342:
2325:
2292:corporations
2285:
2282:
2275:
2271:Jaime Ongpin
2266:
2262:
2248:
2222:rent seeking
2215:
2178:
2174:
2173:
1762:Turkmenistan
1531:South Africa
1521:Sierra Leone
1087:Wage slavery
1027:Evergreening
790:
738:Mercantilism
685:Neoclassical
513:Mercantilist
490:
423:Rent seeking
388:Visible hand
240:
222:
213:
189:
159:
150:
140:
133:
126:
119:
107:
95:Please help
90:verification
87:
63:
56:
50:
49:Please help
46:
29:
5861:and efforts
5859:instruments
5810:enforcement
5752:(Singapore)
5665:(Indonesia)
5601:(Argentina)
5483:State crime
5441:Mafia state
5436:Kleptocracy
5401:Clientelism
5368:Tax evasion
5251:Grey market
4511:October 16,
4481:Sarah Palin
4459:Ben Shapiro
4309:December 4,
4279:October 21,
4159:November 6,
4108:February 9,
4010:Dick Cheney
3441:(1): 5–52.
2969:Zhao family
2918:Licence Raj
2819:corporatism
2811:Ben Shapiro
2799:free market
2791:neoliberals
2737:Jane Jacobs
2602:kleptocracy
2594:tax evasion
2574:Freddie Mac
2390:rule of law
2382:Wu Jinglian
2312:Lee Kun-hee
2298:In practice
2224:using this
2127:New Zealand
2030:El Salvador
2020:Costa Rica
1968:Switzerland
1903:Netherlands
1732:South Korea
1722:Philippines
1712:North Korea
1582:Afghanistan
1536:South Sudan
1313:Mafia state
1308:Kleptocracy
1170:Objectivism
1155:Libertarian
1072:Speculation
992:Consumerism
826:Progressive
765:Development
748:Physiocracy
695:Supply-side
503:Libertarian
481:Free-market
461:Anglo-Saxon
443:Wage labour
398:Marginalism
368:Free market
323:Corporation
5976:Capitalism
5965:Categories
5936:Yo Soy 132
5781:(Tanzania)
5711:(Pakistan)
5624:(Cameroon)
5451:Plutocracy
5406:Coronelism
5363:Slush fund
5162:Corruption
4591:References
4210:January 8,
4137:James Watt
3694:October 9,
3628:August 11,
3285:January 3,
2775:neoliberal
2771:apologetic
2756:Ravi Batra
2729:socialists
2640:James Watt
2598:plutocracy
2590:de rigueur
2570:Fannie Mae
2525:appointed
2511:steamboats
2463:See also:
2428:In finance
2394:Pei Minxin
2388:under the
2372:under the
2218:the market
2203:tax breaks
2195:corruption
2187:businesses
1898:Montenegro
1888:Luxembourg
1767:Uzbekistan
1747:Tajikistan
1687:Kazakhstan
1682:Kyrgyzstan
1632:East Timor
1602:Bangladesh
1592:Azerbaijan
1328:Slush fund
1150:Liberalism
1135:Humanistic
1120:Democratic
1099:Ideologies
934:Schumpeter
680:Monetarist
611:Chartalism
558:Regulatory
533:Neoliberal
486:Humanistic
269:Capitalism
216:March 2022
153:March 2022
123:newspapers
52:improve it
5899:movements
5819:(pending)
5787:(Vietnam)
5775:(Ukraine)
5735:(Romania)
5729:(Romania)
5705:(Nigeria)
5699:(Myanmar)
5677:(Liberia)
5648:(Croatia)
5618:(Burundi)
5492:Elections
5373:Tax haven
5301:Extortion
5261:Collusion
5242:Baksheesh
5118:256404137
5045:154708681
5016:154229321
5002:: 77–99.
4955:144254578
4941:: 47–66.
4897:153920491
4723:154881364
4644:CiteSeerX
4642:: 15–45.
4342:0261-3077
3556:dirigisme
3471:155197168
3455:1598-2408
3370:0362-4331
3175:256404137
3093:256404137
3058:154030054
3019:March 27,
2546:subsidies
2370:Adani SEZ
2366:coal-gate
2358:oligarchs
2354:dirigisme
2230:oligopoly
2122:Australia
2106:Venezuela
2061:Argentina
2045:Nicaragua
1883:Lithuania
1737:Sri Lanka
1727:Singapore
1647:Indonesia
1491:Mauritius
1190:Third Way
1180:Privatism
1140:Inclusive
1125:Dirigisme
919:von Mises
806:Illiberal
786:Corporate
781:Community
728:Feudalism
638:Keynesian
628:Classical
471:Corporate
283:Austerity
204:talk page
58:talk page
5808:Laws and
5741:(Russia)
5723:(Poland)
5671:(Latvia)
5630:(China)
5592:National
5446:Nepotism
5416:Cronyism
5321:Kickback
5098:Decision
5082:18930227
4972:Contexts
4965:(2003).
4779:July 24,
4760:15515343
4662:Archived
4529:(2010).
4461:(2011).
4443:March 4,
4402:(2010).
4387:economy.
4347:June 28,
4269:Truthout
4248:June 28,
4184:April 6,
4078:March 4,
3998:July 22,
3806:Archived
3782:Archived
3649:The Wire
3602:April 4,
3548:July 22,
3495:April 4,
3463:23417862
3401:June 28,
3375:June 28,
3337:July 11,
3311:Archived
3279:Archived
3226:July 23,
3155:Decision
3073:Decision
2954:Stamocap
2883:Cronyism
2866:See also
2703:May 2016
2613:Alawites
2551:Iraq War
2449:lobbying
2405:cronyism
2374:Congress
2337:barriers
2226:monopoly
2179:cronyism
2091:Paraguay
2081:Colombia
2040:Honduras
1953:Slovenia
1948:Slovakia
1928:Portugal
1813:Bulgaria
1752:Thailand
1717:Pakistan
1697:Malaysia
1617:Cambodia
1566:Zimbabwe
1546:Tanzania
1456:Ethiopia
1421:Cameroon
1416:Botswana
1348:Throffer
1318:Nepotism
1283:Cronyism
1017:Cronyism
929:Rothbard
904:Marshall
889:Friedman
821:Merchant
776:Consumer
771:Advanced
606:Austrian
601:American
528:National
523:Monopoly
476:Dirigist
378:Investor
288:Business
277:Concepts
261:a series
259:Part of
198:You may
5971:Bribery
5897:Protest
5769:(Spain)
5659:(India)
5358:Scandal
5256:Bribery
5235:General
5074:3875215
4926:3694264
4864:4380313
4810:7156823
4752:1555469
4694:4150189
4014:Bechtel
2350:liberal
2320:chaebol
2114:Oceania
2101:Uruguay
2086:Ecuador
2066:Bolivia
1973:Ukraine
1933:Romania
1893:Moldova
1863:Ireland
1858:Iceland
1853:Hungary
1843:Germany
1833:Finland
1828:Denmark
1818:Croatia
1803:Belgium
1798:Austria
1793:Albania
1772:Vietnam
1702:Myanmar
1692:Lebanon
1637:Georgia
1597:Bahrain
1587:Armenia
1551:Tunisia
1526:Somalia
1516:Senegal
1511:Nigeria
1501:Namibia
1496:Morocco
1481:Liberia
1476:Lesotho
1451:Eritrea
1431:Comoros
1278:Bribery
1145:Liberal
1105:Anarcho
1042:History
874:Malthus
869:Ricardo
831:Rentier
816:Marxist
796:Finance
707:Origins
675:Marxist
623:Chicago
583:Welfare
543:Private
498:Liberal
318:Company
303:Capital
137:scholar
5686:BIANCO
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2071:Brazil
1999:Mexico
1994:Canada
1963:Sweden
1943:Serbia
1938:Russia
1923:Poland
1918:Norway
1878:Latvia
1873:Kosovo
1848:Greece
1838:France
1785:Europe
1757:Turkey
1677:Kuwait
1672:Jordan
1662:Israel
1627:Cyprus
1612:Brunei
1607:Bhutan
1561:Zambia
1556:Uganda
1486:Malawi
1411:Angola
1403:Africa
1333:Simony
944:Weaver
939:Veblen
914:Walras
909:Pareto
899:Keynes
801:Global
568:Social
538:Nordic
508:Market
418:Profit
139:
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5646:USKOK
5394:State
5306:Fraud
5284:Shell
5279:Dummy
5114:S2CID
5078:S2CID
5070:JSTOR
5041:S2CID
5012:S2CID
4951:S2CID
4922:JSTOR
4893:S2CID
4860:JSTOR
4806:S2CID
4756:S2CID
4748:JSTOR
4719:S2CID
4690:JSTOR
4665:(PDF)
4632:(PDF)
4421:mess.
4018:Fluor
3467:S2CID
3459:JSTOR
3171:S2CID
3089:S2CID
3054:S2CID
2976:Notes
2741:power
2199:crony
2076:Chile
2035:Haiti
1958:Spain
1868:Italy
1777:Yemen
1742:Syria
1707:Nepal
1667:Japan
1642:India
1622:China
1541:Sudan
1506:Niger
1471:Kenya
1461:Ghana
1441:Egypt
954:Coase
949:Weber
894:Hayek
859:Smith
791:Crony
653:Post-
573:State
563:Rhine
518:Mixed
438:Value
403:Money
206:, or
144:JSTOR
130:books
4781:2013
4607:ISBN
4577:2011
4548:way.
4543:2011
4513:2021
4475:2011
4445:2021
4416:2011
4382:2011
4349:2023
4338:ISSN
4311:2011
4281:2011
4250:2023
4212:2015
4186:2018
4161:2014
4135:and
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3891:ISBN
3872:Puck
3745:2011
3696:2013
3656:2017
3630:2013
3604:2014
3550:2012
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3497:2014
3451:ISSN
3403:2023
3395:NCUA
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3366:ISSN
3339:2012
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2025:Cuba
1657:Iraq
1652:Iran
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1426:Chad
924:Rand
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864:Mill
811:Late
643:Neo-
116:news
5663:KPK
5106:doi
5062:doi
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2817:or
2378:BJP
2280:.
2253:of
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1130:Eco
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