1320:, though there is little to suggest that Orinoco specimens in modern times can rival these species. Sexual maturity for Orinoco crocodiles is obtained for females at around 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) while that of males seems to be obtained around 3 m (9 ft 10 in) length, with most adult crocodiles of the species exceeding 93 kg (205 lb). Average length of wild adult females from 1985 to 1992 was found to be 3.06 m (10 ft 0 in) while that of males is not known to have been surveyed at that time. If not culled by humans, mature males easily exceed 3.6 m (12 ft) and attain a length of as much as 4.1 to 4.8 m (13 to 16 ft) as they grow throughout life, perhaps weighing 500 to 700 kg (1,100 to 1,500 lb) in big specimens, while females may grow over the expected size of 3.25 m (10 ft 8 in) in length and may sometimes exceed 225 kg (496 lb). According to
1328:, males have been reported to reach at least 4.1 m (13 ft 5 in) in length and weigh 380 kg (840 lb), while females reach up to 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in) and weigh up to 210 kg (460 lb). The largest specimen historically reported was shot in 1800, and allegedly measured at 6.78 m (22 ft 3 in), although the source is considered reliable, unfortunately, no voucher specimen is known from this. Because of extensive hunting for their skins in the 20th century, such giants do not exist today, and modern Orinoco crocodiles have not been reported to exceed 5.1 m (16 ft 9 in) in length. Merchán listed the maximum total length attainable for a male as 5.2 m (17 ft 1 in) and the maximum length of a female as 3.6 m (11 ft 10 in).
1276:
1476:, Orinoco crocodiles retreat to burrows they excavate into the riverbanks. The adult pair mates during the drier period of the year. Adult males attract the females by roaring. The females often outnumber the males two to one and appear to select the males with the deepest roars. In a reintroduced population, only 6 of 14 potential adult males parented over 90% of eggs laid. Usually 14 weeks after mating, the female crocodile will dig a nest and lay about 40 eggs. It is a hole-nester, as are all crocodilians, and it usually makes its nest on a sand bank. The eggs incubate under a mixture of soil and rotting vegetation for around three months. The most common predator of buried eggs are
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1509:, though these species are sometimes also caught and killed by the defending mother crocodile. Adults have no predators except for humans. Females have defended pods of juveniles for over three years, though closer to one year to independence is generally most common. A study of captive Orinoco crocodiles noted the aggressive behavior of adults while nesting and noted that the normally relatively docile crocodilians could not be approached while they were actively brooding. Without persecution, it is possible that Orinoco crocodiles may reach a lifespan of 70–80 years.
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1572:. Additionally, a large number of individuals are held at captive-breeding facilities in Venezuela. Since the early 1990s, a large number of hatchlings have been released both into private ranchlands (especially in the Llanos where nature-oriented tourism is important for the local economy) and in national parks in Venezuela. While six Venezuelan captive-breeding programs continue today, many are plagued by lack of funds or staff, as well as conflicts between private and state-owned facilities.
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1324:, the average length of adults that they were able to examine was only 3 m (9 ft 10 in) and the largest specimen found firsthand was 4.2 m (13 ft 9 in). In captivity, at the Roberto Franco Tropical Biological Station (EBTRF), the largest male was recorded at 4.2 m (13 ft 9 in) and weighed 428 kg (944 lb), and maximum size recorded for females was 3.9 m (12 ft 10 in) long and 195 kg (430 lb) in weight. In
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387:; males have been reported up to 6.8 m (22 ft 4 in) in the past, weighing over 900 kg (2,000 lb), but such sizes do not exist today, 5.2 m (17 ft 1 in) being a more widely accepted maximum size. A large male today may attain 4.2 m (13 ft 9 in) in length and can weigh up to 450 kg (1,000 lb), while females are substantially smaller with the largest likely to weigh around 225 kg (496 lb).
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1251:. This species generally has a pale tan hide, though at least three coloration variations are known, with some almost completely yellowish, and some a dark brownish-gray. The skin can change colour over long periods of time; this phenomenon has been recorded in other species that can gradually change the amount of
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Little study has gone into the dietary biology of
Orinoco crocodiles but from eye-witness accounts and partial studies from captivity and crocodile farms, the majority of the Orinoco crocodile's diet appears to consists of large fish. The species' relatively narrow snout is ideally suited to minimize
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although the tegus are sometimes caught and killed by the mother crocodile. During the night the young hatch and call to their mother; she digs them out of the nest and carries them to the water, which is considerably higher at this point. Young
Orinoco crocodiles are often at risk from predation by
2287:
Gorzula, S., & Seijas, A. E. (1986). "The Common Caiman", p. 44 in
Crocodiles: Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Caracas, Venezuela, 21 to 28
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that two or three adult people were killed per year by
Orinoco crocodiles. A small number of better documented fatal attacks were reported in the 1900s–1930s when the species was still relatively common. The only well-documented recent attack, on a fisherman in 2009, was serious but not fatal. A
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Attacks on humans have been reported, but this is highly unlikely to be a common behavior today, given the very small population of the species and its relative isolation from large human settlements. Historically attacks were not unusual and on his trip to the region in 1800, natives told
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in their skin. These crocodiles have dark-brown markings, which present as more pronounced bands in younger specimens and as scattered markings on mature ones. One individual measuring 3.4 m (11 ft 2 in) and weighing 182 kg (401 lb) had a bite force of
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water resistance in capturing such aquatic prey. However, as an opportunistic apex predator, virtually any animal living within its range could be considered a potential meal, such as invertebrates, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Despite having a rather elongated
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The
Orinoco crocodile is highly endangered due to excessive hunting for its hide. During the 1940s to the 1960s, thousands of these animals were slaughtered in the Orinoco River and the Llanos wetlands, and the species came very close to
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may approach similar dimensions, the
Orinoco crocodile may be (or had been, when in healthy numbers) slightly longer. Given its possible maximum sizes, the Orinoco crocodile may rank as the third largest extant true crocodile, after the
1427:, and even occasionally other large predators if the opportunity arises. Similar to many of the larger crocodile species, the Orinoco crocodile has also been observed catching and eating smaller species of crocodilians, such as adult
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diet. Additionally, as they age, mature males in particular appear to manifest a broadened snout, presumably due to a shift to being able to take larger prey as is seen in several other large crocodile species. It stalks both
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1530:. The Orinoco crocodile was given protected status in the 1970s, but has yet to recover. Today, it is protected both in Colombia and Venezuela, and also included on Appendix I by
1352:, but this has not been confirmed, and witnesses may have mistaken an American crocodile for the rarer species. This crocodile was once thought to have inhabited a wide range of
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2513:) in Venezuela", pp. 267–285 in Crocodiles: Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN–The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland.
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A Orinoco crocodile near its wild range in Los Llanos, Venezuela in a captive breeding program intended to bolster the severely depleted population of these crocodiles.
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Hekkala, E.; Gatesy, J.; Narechania, A.; Meredith, R.; Russello, M.; Aardema, M. L.; Jensen, E.; Montanari, S.; Brochu, C.; Norell, M.; Amato, G. (27 April 2021).
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3583:
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383:. Extensively hunted for their skins in the 19th and 20th centuries, it is one of the most endangered species of crocodiles. It is a very large species of
1606:"Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem"
1546:, a smaller crocodilian that can outcompete the Orinoco crocodile for fish due to its much larger population and much more accelerated breeding rates.
3114:
1916:
Erickson, G. M.; Gignac, P. M.; Steppan, S. J.; Lappin, A. K.; Vliet, K. A.; Brueggen, J. A.; Inouye, B. D.; Kledzik, D. & Webb, G. J. W. (2012).
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1316:(which is closely related to it, despite its substantially different range), and additionally rank 4th amongst all extant crocodilians behind the
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3105:
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Lafferriere, N. A. R.; Antelo, R.; Alda, F.; Mårtensson, D.; Hailer, F.; Castroviejo-Fisher, S.; Doadrio, I.; Vilá, C. & Amato, G. (2016).
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430:, challenging the general view by locals complaining about crocodiles hunting local fish to very low numbers. Reproduction takes place in the
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2147:
1995:
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It's unclear how many individuals remain in the wild, but estimates range between 250 and 1500. The largest subpopulation in
Venezuela is in
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2588:
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In spite of its somewhat narrow snout, the
Orinoco crocodile is both a formidable apex predator and one of the world's largest reptiles.
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The ecology of the
Orinoco crocodile is poorly documented in the wild, mostly due to its small population. It is thought to have a more
1843:
1517:
1464:
1395:
403:
1918:"Insights into the ecology and evolutionary success of crocodilians revealed through bite-force and tooth-pressure experimentation"
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1534:. In addition to hunting for its hide, more recent threats include the collection of juveniles for sale in the live animal trade,
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The
Orinoco crocodile can be recognised by its relatively long snout, which is narrower than that of the somewhat similar-looking
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1584:
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2217:
2108:
1321:
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2562:
1731:"Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene "horned" crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus"
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1839:"Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil"
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outwards towards Southeast Asia and the Americas, although an Australia/Asia origin has also been considered.
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Promise for the Survival of the Orinoco Crocodile: a strong commitment from the private sector in Venezuela
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Balaguera-Reina, S.A.; Espinosa-Blanco, A.; Antelo, R.; Morales-Betancourt, M. & Seijas, A. (2020) .
1583:. Thanks to that program, between May 2015 and February 2016, 41 orinoco crocodiles were reintroduced at
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Thorbjarnarson, J. B., & Hernández, G. (1993). "Reproductive ecology of the Orinoco crocodile (
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1790:"A time-calibrated species tree of Crocodylia reveals a recent radiation of the true crocodiles"
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Does skull morphology constrain bone ornamentation? A morphometric analysis in the Crocodylia
2014:
Thorbjarnarson, J. B.; Hernández, G. (1993). "Reproductive ecology of the Orinoco crocodile (
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is not as profound as in other crocodilian species. The coloration is light even in adults.
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39:
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Clarac, F., Souter, T., Cubo, J., De Buffrénil, V., Brochu, C., & Cornette, R. (2016).
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Crocodile Specialist Group – Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, 2nd edition.
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Ramo, C.; Busto, B. & Utrera, A. (1992). "Breeding and rearing the Orinoco crocodile
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1933:
1557:, with fewer than 500 adults remaining. A number of other smaller subpopulations exist.
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when the water level is low. It is a hole nester and digs holes in the sand for its
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1823:
1456:, but any details of this attack (including when exactly it happened) are lacking.
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1906:. IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
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in the upper Orinoco River region. Another problem is the increased population of
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An Orinoco crocodile splashes into the water in the savanna near Mani, Colombia.
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2177:
Greer, A. E. (1974). "On the Maximum Total Length of the Salt-Water Crocodile (
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2410:"Multiple paternity in a reintroduced population of the Orinoco crocodile (
1961:
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1857:
1815:
1774:
1643:
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Cohen, M. M.; Gans, C. (1970). "The chromosomes of the order Crocodilia".
1579:, a program launched in 2014 to protect 10 wildlife species of Colombia's
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86:
2090:"Critically Endangered Orinoco Crocodiles Coming to Gladys Porter Zoo"
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2018:) in Venezuela. I. Nesting ecology and egg and clutch relationships".
1904:
Crocodiles: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. Second Edition
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1568:, of which the largest population, 35 individuals, were kept in the
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2262:"Crocodilian Species - Orinoco Crocodile (Crocodylus intermedius)"
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second survivor was reported in 2011 to live in La Palmita at the
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451:
371:. Its population is very small, and they can only be found in the
181:
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Barrio-Amoros, C.L. (February 2011). "Orinoco Croc Encounters".
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Natural history and conservation of the Orinoco crocodile (
2109:"Journey of 7 Orinoco Crocodiles from Venezuela to Denmark"
1291:
in the Americas. It is arguably, on average, the largest
1348:. They have been occasionally reported on the island of
471:
diverging from its closest recent relative, the extinct
2610:. Fox News (15 February 2016). Retrieved on 2019-01-25.
2356:) in Venezuela. II. Reproductive and social behavior".
2136:
Biología y conservación de los Crocodylia de Colombia
1407:
prey. As a large adult, terrestrial prey may include
426:
on occasion. Its prey base is mostly large predatory
2589:"Venezuela's Fitful Effort to Save a Scaly Predator"
2509:
Blohm, T. (1982). "Husbandry of Orinoco crocodiles (
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foothills. Today, this species is restricted to the
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2608:Endangered Colombian crocodiles get a helping hand
1983:
2334:CrocBITE, Worldwide Crocodilian Attack Database:
2317:CrocBITE, Worldwide Crocodilian Attack Database:
2009:
2007:
1837:Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018).
2414:) at the El Frío Biological Station, Venezuela"
2403:
2401:
1560:In November 2007, 50 individuals were held in
500:study by Lee & Yates simultaneously using
3282:
2644:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1385:The hunting strategy of the Orinoco crocodile
8:
2390:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3677:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
3115:Central African slender-snouted crocodile (
2122:(2). IUCN - Species Survival Commission: 8.
1986:The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats
1368:and associated seasonal freshwater rivers.
523:study using DNA extracted from the extinct
138:Orinoco crocodile in Los Llanos, Venezuela
3404:
3289:
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2563:"Captives held in zoos registered by ISIS"
2162:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
516:age) data, as revised by the 2021 Hekkala
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31:
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1951:
1941:
1866:
1856:
1805:
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1746:
1633:
1623:
3106:West African slender snouted crocodile (
1604:Rio, J. P. & Mannion, P. D. (2021).
481:, around 25 million years ago, near the
1703:. Oxford University Press. p. 76.
1700:The Amazon: What Everyone Needs to Know
1596:
1394:, its base snout is wide, hinting to a
2383:
2278:. Journal of Anatomy, 229(2), 292-301.
2155:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1655:
1653:
1283:The Orinoco crocodile ranks among the
2225:Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter
2116:Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter
1575:The Orinoco crocodile became part of
1435:smaller individuals of its own kind.
7:
2216:Whitaker, R.; Whitaker, N. (2008).
1671:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1108:
1051:
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1013:
988:
932:
925:
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814:
753:
723:
716:
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644:
588:
581:
574:
542:
532:
1844:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
1336:This species is restricted to the
25:
3388:Famous crocodiles and alligators
3250:
2342:, Northern Territory, Australia.
2325:, Northern Territory, Australia.
1807:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01373.x
1585:El Tuparro National Natural Park
1139:
1082:
1026:
880:
857:
827:
736:
459:likely originated in Africa and
195:
2336:Orinoco crocodile, 15 June 2009
2250:. Madrid: Asociación Chelonia.
406:predatory behaviour. It is an
1:
3702:Crocodilians of South America
2960:Hall's New Guinea crocodile (
442:and young for several years.
2497:10.1016/0006-3207(92)91160-T
2439:10.1371/journal.pone.0150245
1943:10.1371/journal.pone.0031781
3345:Madras Crocodile Bank Trust
2107:Alvaro Velasco, B. (2023).
3723:
3697:Reptiles described in 1819
3340:List of crurotarsan genera
3148:Osborn’s dwarf crocodile (
2088:Gladys Porter Zoo (2011).
1748:10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0
1472:When water recedes in the
617:Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni
410:and preys on a variety of
3246:
3186:
3172:
2926:
2909:
2723:
2706:
2668:
2340:Charles Darwin University
2323:Charles Darwin University
2248:Graves, 1819) in Colombia
2133:Carlos A. Lasso. (2013).
1697:Plotkin, Mark J. (2020).
1287:, as well as the largest
1131:
1113:
1106:
1074:
1056:
1049:
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1018:
1011:
993:
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819:
812:
776:
758:
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728:
721:
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597:Crocodylus anthropophagus
593:
586:
579:
572:
547:
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347:
338:
323:
316:
192:Scientific classification
190:
173:
151:
142:
137:
128:
34:
3068:West African crocodile (
2717:(Alligators and caimans)
2218:"Who's got the biggest?"
1538:, and the proposal of a
1468:Orinoco crocodile's head
1332:Distribution and habitat
438:. The females guard the
3368:Fatal alligator attacks
3117:Mecistops leptorhynchus
2885:Smooth-fronted caiman (
2876:Cuvier's dwarf caiman (
2477:Biological Conservation
1990:. Sterling Pub Co Inc.
1788:Oaks, Jamie R. (2011).
1577:Proyecto Vida Silvestre
1483:American black vultures
1295:in the Americas; while
1285:largest living reptiles
761:Crocodylus novaeguineae
653:Crocodylus palaeindicus
3475:crocodylus-intermedius
3462:Crocodylus_intermedius
3448:Crocodylus intermedius
3418:Crocodylus intermedius
3108:Mecistops cataphractus
3014:New Guinea crocodile (
2987:Philippine crocodile (
2978:Freshwater crocodile (
2819:Broad-snouted caiman (
2548:Crocodylus intermedius
2525:Crocodylus intermedius
2511:Crocodylus intermedius
2473:Crocodylus intermedius
2412:Crocodylus intermedius
2358:Journal of Herpetology
2354:Crocodylus intermedius
2246:Crocodylus intermedius
2183:Journal of Herpetology
2020:Journal of Herpetology
2016:Crocodylus intermedius
1858:10.1098/rspb.2018.1071
1735:Communications Biology
1664:Crocodylus intermedius
1522:
1469:
1449:Alexander von Humboldt
1443:
1386:
1360:to the streams of the
1280:
1244:
1116:Crocodylus intermedius
999:West African crocodile
961:Crocodylus falconensis
921:Africa+New World
779:Crocodylus mindorensis
361:Crocodylus intermedius
327:Crocodylus intermedius
18:Crocodylus intermedius
3692:Reptiles of Venezuela
3623:Paleobiology Database
3032:Saltwater crocodile (
2996:Morelet's crocodile (
1587:in eastern Colombia.
1570:Dallas World Aquarium
1520:
1467:
1441:
1384:
1278:
1236:Orinoco crocodile in
1235:
402:nature, resulting in
366:critically endangered
160:Critically Endangered
3687:Reptiles of Colombia
3297:Related articles on
2951:American crocodile (
2756:American alligator (
2242:Merchán, M. (2011).
1982:Wood, G. L. (1983).
1372:Behavior and ecology
1077:Crocodylus rhombifer
1059:Crocodylus moreletii
1021:Crocodylus niloticus
941:Crocodylus checchiai
875:Crocodylus palustris
852:Crocodylus siamensis
782:Philippine crocodile
764:New Guinea crocodile
734:Freshwater crocodile
731:Crocodylus johnstoni
3257:Reptiles portal
3059:Siamese crocodile (
2969:Orinoco crocodile (
2810:Spectacled caiman (
2765:Chinese alligator (
2758:A. mississippiensis
2489:1992BCons..60..101R
2430:2016PLoSO..1150245R
2288:October 1984. IUCN.
1934:2012PLoSO...731781E
1678:: e.T5661A181089024
1625:10.7717/peerj.12094
1513:Conservation status
1310:saltwater crocodile
1297:American crocodiles
1062:Morelet's crocodile
825:Saltwater crocodile
309:C. intermedius
145:Conservation status
3330:Foramen of Panizza
3041:Borneo crocodile (
3023:Mugger crocodile (
2597:, 25 December 2013
2594:The New York Times
2569:on 9 February 2008
2532:1 May 2006 at the
2179:Crocodylus porosus
1902:Ross, R.P. (1998)
1544:spectacled caimans
1523:
1470:
1444:
1387:
1305:American alligator
1281:
1249:American crocodile
1245:
1137:American crocodile
822:Crocodylus porosus
467:evidence supports
27:Species of reptile
3664:
3663:
3610:Open Tree of Life
3410:Taxon identifiers
3401:
3400:
3373:Crocodile attacks
3350:The Croc Festival
3325:Crocodilian armor
3264:
3263:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3139:Dwarf crocodile (
3080:
3079:
3050:Cuban crocodile (
2921:
2920:(True crocodiles)
2905:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2792:
2777:
2776:
2738:
2718:
2319:Orinoco crocodile
2305:Reptiles Magazine
2149:978-958-8343-87-7
2142:. . p. 113.
2067:10.1159/000130080
1997:978-0-85112-235-9
1800:(11): 3285–3297.
1710:978-0-19-066829-7
1224:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1169:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1134:Crocodylus acutus
1119:Orinoco crocodile
1095:
1094:
996:Crocodylus suchus
975:
974:
911:
910:
902:
901:
893:
892:
855:Siamese crocodile
801:
800:
792:
791:
695:
694:
686:
685:
631:
630:
389:Sexual dimorphism
356:Orinoco crocodile
352:
351:
185:
168:
35:Orinoco crocodile
16:(Redirected from
3714:
3657:
3656:
3644:
3643:
3631:
3630:
3618:
3617:
3605:
3604:
3592:
3591:
3579:
3578:
3566:
3565:
3553:
3552:
3540:
3539:
3527:
3526:
3514:
3513:
3501:
3500:
3491:
3490:
3478:
3477:
3465:
3464:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3405:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3268:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3188:
3174:
3092:
3005:Nile crocodile (
2937:
2928:
2919:
2911:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2716:
2708:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2630:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2565:. Archived from
2559:
2553:
2543:
2537:
2520:
2514:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2451:
2441:
2405:
2396:
2395:
2389:
2381:
2349:
2343:
2332:
2326:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2300:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2222:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2161:
2153:
2141:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2113:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1989:
1979:
1966:
1965:
1955:
1945:
1913:
1907:
1900:
1881:
1880:
1870:
1860:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1809:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1768:
1750:
1726:
1715:
1714:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1637:
1627:
1601:
1425:domestic animals
1377:Hunting and diet
1358:tropical forests
1322:Guinness Records
1143:
1109:
1086:
1052:
1045:
1030:
1014:
989:
966:
946:
933:
926:
884:
878:Mugger crocodile
861:
845:
831:
815:
754:
740:
724:
717:
709:
677:
658:
645:
622:
602:
589:
582:
575:
556:
543:
533:
496:based on a 2018
343:
329:
265:Archosauriformes
252:Archosauromorpha
200:
199:
179:
162:
157:
156:
133:
123:
53:
40:Late Pleistocene
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3652:
3647:
3639:
3634:
3626:
3621:
3613:
3608:
3600:
3597:Observation.org
3595:
3587:
3582:
3574:
3569:
3561:
3556:
3548:
3543:
3535:
3530:
3522:
3517:
3509:
3504:
3496:
3494:
3486:
3481:
3473:
3468:
3460:
3455:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3412:
3402:
3397:
3393:Sewer alligator
3383:Crocodile tears
3360:
3354:
3313:
3295:
3265:
3260:
3251:
3249:
3234:
3226:False gharial (
3210:
3182:
3156:
3123:
3088:
3076:
3016:C. novaeguineae
2922:
2893:
2860:
2836:
2828:Yacare caiman (
2788:
2787:
2785:
2773:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2719:
2702:
2698:Crocodylomorpha
2664:
2657:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2606:
2602:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2544:
2540:
2534:Wayback Machine
2523:Information on
2521:
2517:
2508:
2504:
2475:in Venezuela".
2470:
2469:
2465:
2424:(3): e0150245.
2407:
2406:
2399:
2382:
2370:10.2307/1564822
2351:
2350:
2346:
2333:
2329:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2301:
2292:
2286:
2282:
2273:
2269:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2195:10.2307/1562913
2176:
2175:
2171:
2154:
2150:
2139:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2032:10.2307/1564821
2013:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1981:
1980:
1969:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1901:
1884:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1728:
1727:
1718:
1711:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1515:
1462:
1379:
1374:
1356:habitats, from
1334:
1273:
1265:
1230:
1228:Characteristics
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1096:
1080:Cuban crocodile
1040:New World
976:
912:
903:
894:
802:
793:
712:Asia+Australia
696:
687:
632:
448:
334:
331:
325:
312:
194:
186:
169:
158:
154:
147:
124:
122:
121:
120:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
48:
47:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3720:
3718:
3710:
3709:
3707:Apex predators
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3669:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3645:
3632:
3619:
3606:
3593:
3580:
3567:
3554:
3541:
3528:
3515:
3502:
3492:
3479:
3466:
3453:
3438:
3422:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3378:Crocodile farm
3375:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3271:
3262:
3261:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3222:
3220:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3184:
3183:
3177:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3145:
3135:
3133:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3112:
3102:
3100:
3089:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3065:
3056:
3047:
3038:
3029:
3020:
3011:
3002:
2993:
2989:C. mindorensis
2984:
2975:
2971:C. intermedius
2966:
2957:
2947:
2945:
2934:
2924:
2923:
2914:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2882:
2878:P. palpebrosus
2872:
2870:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2852:Black caiman (
2848:
2846:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2825:
2821:C. latirostris
2816:
2806:
2804:
2793:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2739:
2721:
2720:
2711:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2618:External links
2616:
2613:
2612:
2600:
2580:
2554:
2538:
2515:
2502:
2483:(2): 101–108.
2463:
2397:
2364:(4): 371–379.
2344:
2327:
2310:
2290:
2280:
2267:
2253:
2234:
2208:
2189:(4): 381–384.
2169:
2148:
2125:
2099:
2094:prnewswire.com
2080:
2045:
2026:(4): 363–370.
2003:
1996:
1967:
1908:
1882:
1829:
1780:
1716:
1709:
1689:
1649:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1564:registered by
1514:
1511:
1461:
1458:
1431:and sometimes
1429:common caimans
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1366:Llanos savanna
1333:
1330:
1314:Nile crocodile
1272:
1269:
1263:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1024:Nile crocodile
1017:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
992:
987:
985:
982:
981:
978:
977:
973:
972:
969:
968:
956:
953:
952:
949:
948:
936:
931:
929:
924:
922:
918:
917:
914:
913:
909:
908:
905:
904:
900:
899:
896:
895:
891:
890:
887:
886:
871:
868:
867:
864:
863:
848:
843:
841:
838:
837:
834:
833:
818:
813:
811:
808:
807:
804:
803:
799:
798:
795:
794:
790:
789:
786:
785:
775:
772:
771:
768:
767:
757:
752:
750:
747:
746:
743:
742:
727:
722:
720:
715:
713:
707:
705:
702:
701:
698:
697:
693:
692:
689:
688:
684:
683:
680:
679:
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:
648:
643:
641:
638:
637:
634:
633:
629:
628:
625:
624:
612:
609:
608:
605:
604:
592:
587:
585:
580:
578:
573:
571:
563:
562:
559:
558:
546:
541:
539:
531:
506:DNA sequencing
447:
444:
436:clutch of eggs
350:
349:
348:Range (green)
345:
344:
336:
335:
332:
321:
320:
314:
313:
306:
304:
300:
299:
292:
288:
287:
282:
278:
277:
272:
268:
267:
262:
255:
254:
249:
242:
241:
236:
232:
231:
226:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
188:
187:
174:
171:
170:
152:
149:
148:
143:
140:
139:
135:
134:
126:
125:
117:
116:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
54:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3719:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3655:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3493:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3292:
3287:
3285:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3259:
3258:
3245:
3231:
3229:
3228:T. schlegelii
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3205:
3204:G. gangeticus
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3171:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3086:Osteolaeminae
3083:
3073:
3071:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2912:
2908:
2890:
2888:
2887:P. trigonatus
2883:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2857:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2812:C. crocodilus
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2794:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2740:
2730:
2729:Alligatorinae
2726:
2722:
2715:
2714:Alligatoridae
2709:
2705:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2662:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2609:
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674:Tirari Desert
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535:
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528:
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521:paleogenomics
519:
515:
511:
510:stratigraphic
507:
504:, molecular (
503:
502:morphological
499:
495:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
475:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:
453:
445:
443:
441:
437:
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429:
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421:
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413:
409:
408:apex predator
405:
401:
400:opportunistic
398:diet with an
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:Orinoco river
370:
367:
363:
362:
357:
346:
342:
337:
330:
328:
322:
319:
318:Binomial name
315:
311:
310:
305:
302:
301:
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293:
290:
289:
286:
283:
280:
279:
276:
273:
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269:
266:
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3141:O. tetraspis
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3052:C. rhombifer
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3025:C. palustris
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3007:C. niloticus
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2998:C. moreletii
2997:
2988:
2980:C. johnstoni
2979:
2970:
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2952:
2940:
2932:Crocodylinae
2917:Crocodylidae
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2877:
2865:
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2843:Melanosuchus
2841:
2829:
2820:
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2799:
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2735:(Alligators)
2696:Superorder:
2690:(unranked):
2603:
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2567:the original
2557:
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2055:Cytogenetics
2054:
2048:
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2019:
2015:
1985:
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1921:
1911:
1903:
1848:
1842:
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1692:
1680:. Retrieved
1675:
1669:
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1576:
1574:
1559:
1548:
1524:
1505:, and other
1487:tegu lizards
1478:tegu lizards
1471:
1460:Reproduction
1445:
1388:
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1282:
1260:(1,411
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614:
595:
594:
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549:
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537:Crocodylinae
524:
517:
491:
472:
468:
465:Phylogenetic
454:
449:
422:, including
393:
360:
359:
355:
353:
333:Graves, 1819
326:
324:
308:
307:
295:
285:Crocodylidae
258:
245:
29:
3641:intermedius
3532:iNaturalist
3442:Wikispecies
3361:interaction
3130:Osteolaemus
2867:Paleosuchus
2767:A. sinensis
2692:Archosauria
2661:Crocodilian
2231:(4): 26−30.
1405:terrestrial
1293:crocodilian
1256:6,276
492:Below is a
396:piscivorous
385:crocodilian
49:0.1–0
3671:Categories
3335:Gastralium
3307:crocodiles
3299:alligators
3180:Gavialidae
3150:O. osborni
3043:C. raninus
3034:C. porosus
2942:Crocodylus
2783:Caimaninae
2573:9 November
1741:(1): 505.
1682:22 January
1618:: e12094.
1591:References
1566:Species360
1528:extinction
1507:carnivores
1474:dry season
1396:generalist
672:Crocodylus
568:Crocodylus
498:tip dating
489:boundary.
479:Madagascar
469:Crocodylus
456:Crocodylus
432:dry season
404:generalist
296:Crocodylus
275:Crocodilia
178:Appendix I
3217:Tomistoma
3202:Gharial (
3097:Mecistops
3070:C. suchus
2953:C. acutus
2830:C. yacare
2789:(Caimans)
2747:Alligator
2672:Kingdom:
2546:IUCN/SSC
2158:cite book
1794:Evolution
1757:2399-3642
1536:pollution
1491:anacondas
1342:Venezuela
1340:basin in
1326:Venezuela
494:cladogram
483:Oligocene
377:Venezuela
375:basin in
369:crocodile
303:Species:
215:Kingdom:
209:Eukaryota
3649:Species+
3550:10368646
3427:Wikidata
3311:gharials
3193:Gavialis
2962:C. halli
2854:M. niger
2686:Reptilia
2680:Chordata
2678:Phylum:
2674:Animalia
2530:Archived
2458:26982578
2418:PLOS ONE
2307:: 48–53.
1962:22431965
1922:PLOS ONE
1877:30051855
1851:(1881).
1816:22023592
1775:33907305
1644:34567843
1421:reptiles
1419:, other
1354:riparian
1350:Trinidad
1346:Colombia
1303:and the
1289:predator
1242:Colombia
461:radiated
446:Taxonomy
420:reptiles
381:Colombia
281:Family:
239:Reptilia
229:Chordata
225:Phylum:
219:Animalia
205:Domain:
165:IUCN 3.1
3615:1035832
3524:2441344
3433:Q272395
3303:caimans
3178:Family
2915:Family
2712:Family
2684:Class:
2663:species
2659:Extant
2536:ARKIVE.
2485:Bibcode
2449:4794145
2426:Bibcode
2378:1564822
2203:1562913
2075:5461083
2040:1564821
1953:3303775
1930:Bibcode
1868:6030529
1824:7254442
1766:8079395
1635:8428266
1551:Cojedes
1503:jaguars
1495:caimans
1409:monkeys
1401:aquatic
1318:gharial
1253:melanin
508:), and
487:Miocene
424:caimans
416:mammals
364:) is a
291:Genus:
271:Order:
235:Class:
180: (
163: (
118:↓
44:Present
3628:321261
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1499:coatis
518:et al.
514:fossil
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3602:98390
3545:IRMNG
3537:26081
3359:Human
2374:JSTOR
2221:(PDF)
2199:JSTOR
2140:(PDF)
2112:(PDF)
2036:JSTOR
1820:S2CID
1611:PeerJ
1532:CITES
1417:birds
1392:skull
1362:Andes
452:genus
440:nests
412:birds
259:Clade
246:Clade
182:CITES
176:CITES
3584:NCBI
3576:5661
3571:IUCN
3558:ITIS
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428:fish
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57:PreꞒ
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